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Genus: Ponera   Latreille, 1804 


Classification:

Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2017)

Extant: 57 species

Fossil: 5 species

Ponera Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica coarctata, by subsequent designation of Westwood, 1840a PDF: 83 (see discussion in Taylor, 1967a PDF: 6). AntCat AntWiki

Taxonomic history

Ponera in Ponérites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 PDF: 188.
Ponera in Poneridae: Smith, 1858a PDF: 83; Smith, 1871b PDF: 320.
Ponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1855 PDF: 386 [Poneridae]; Smith, 1857a PDF: 65 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1861 PDF: 54 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862 PDF: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865 PDF: 13 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 37.
Ponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895l PDF: 767; Forel, 1899B: 15; Ashmead, 1905c PDF: 382; Wheeler, 1910a: 135; Emery, 1911e PDF: 88 [subtribe Ponerini]; Wheeler, 1915i PDF: 38; Arnold, 1915: 77; Forel, 1917 PDF: 238; Wheeler, 1922: 650; all subsequent authors.
Genus Ponera references
[References before Taylor, 1967a refer to both Ponera and Hypoponera.]
Mayr, 1855 PDF: 386 (diagnosis); Smith, 1858a PDF: 83 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1862 PDF: 721 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 16 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863a PDF: 447 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865 PDF: 13 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a PDF: 85 (diagnosis); Forel, 1874 PDF: 64 (Switzerland species key); Mayr, 1879 PDF: 661 (all species key); Emery, 1882a: 239 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887 PDF: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 37 (catalogue); Emery, 1895n: 60 (Mediterranean species key); Emery, 1896g PDF: 53 (New World species key); Emery, 1900b PDF: 316 (Australia, Papuasia & Oceania species key); Forel, 1900f PDF: 322 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903 PDF: 89 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1909d PDF: 367 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1911e PDF: 88 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 76 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1916a PDF: 107 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918 PDF: 81 (France & Belgium species key); Gallardo, 1918c PDF: 73 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1921 PDF: 419 (Fiji species key); Wheeler, 1922: 780, 1009 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Menozzi, 1931b PDF: 266 (Costa Rica species key); Wheeler, 1933g PDF: 13 (Pseudocryptopone species key); Smith, 1936d PDF: 420 (North America species key); Stitz, 1939: 58 (Germany species key); Creighton, 1950a PDF: 47 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951 PDF: 68, 73, 74 (Asia Ponera, Pseudocryptopone, Selenopone checklists); Bernard, 1953b PDF: 197 (West Africa species key); Wilson, 1957b PDF: 359, 376 (Ponera tenuis, Ponera selenophora groups revisions, keys); Wilson, 1958g PDF: 323, 343 (Melanesia & Moluccas species, Fiji species revisions, keys); Brown, 1958h PDF: 22 (New Zealand species); Taylor, 1960 PDF: 180 (Ponera leae complex, key); Taylor, 1964 PDF: 139 (*fossil species, review); Taylor, 1967a PDF: 18 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bernard, 1967a PDF: 83 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Smith, 1979: 1341 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, 1985: 38 (Australia catalogue); Ogata, 1987a PDF: 120 (diagnosis, Japan); Taylor, 1987a PDF: 63 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand, checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 22 (Japan species key); Perrault, 1993 PDF: 337 (addition to Taylor, 1967a key); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a PDF: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 360 (catalogue); Terayama, 1996B: 14 (Japan species key); Kim, Kim & Kim K, 1998: 149 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 199 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001A PDF: 52 and Xu, 2001C PDF: 218 (China species keys); Zhou, 2001A PDF: 37 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003 PDF: 170 (synopsis); Yoshimura, Hosoishi, et al. 2009: 200 (Japan species key); Terayama, 2009 PDF: 109 (Taiwan species key); Sarnat & Economo, 2012 PDF: 162 (Fiji species key); Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014 PDF: 200 (diagnosis, synoptic description, distribution, ecology and behavior, phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations); Bharti & Rilta, 2015 PDF: 9 (India species key).

Taxon Page Images:



Ponera worker and larvae. Diamond Creek, Victoria, Australia.
Image © Alex Wild.

Distribution:

(based on species list records)   Genus is native to: Australasia, Indomalaya, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oceania, Palearctic bioregions.

Afrotropical Region: Africa, Eastern Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda
Australasia Region: Australia, Australia and New Zealand, Australian Capital Territory, Central, Choiseul, East Sepik, Eastern Highlands, Guadalcanal, Lord Howe Island, Madang, Malaita, Morobe, New Caledonia, New South Wales, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Northern, Northern Territory, Oceania, Papua New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands, South Australia, Tasmania, Vanuatu, Victoria, Western Australia, Western Highlands
Indomalaya Region: Asia, Borneo, India, Indonesia, Krakatau Islands, Laguna, Malaysia, Perak, Philippines, Sabah, Sarawak, South-Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, Taiwan, Yunnan
Malagasy Region: Anjouan, Antsiranana, Comoros, Fianarantsoa, Grande Comore, Madagascar, Mahajanga, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mohéli, Reunion, Seychelles, Toamasina
Nearctic Region: Alabama, Canada, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Brunswick, New Jersey, New York, North America, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puebla, South Dakota, Tennessee, United States, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin
Neotropical Region: Americas, Baja Verapaz, Brazil, Central America, Chiapas, Cortés, Francisco Morazán, Guatemala, Guatemala, Honduras, Jalapa, Jalisco, Madriz, Mexico, Nicaragua, Nueva Segovia, Oaxaca, Olancho, Quiché, Sacatepéquez, Santa Rosa, Suchitepéquez, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacapa
Oceania Region: Airai, Ba, Cakaudrove, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Lomaiviti, Marshall Islands, Melanesia, Melekeok, Micronesia, Micronesia, Naitasiri, Namosi, Ngeremlengui, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pohnpei, Polynesia, Rewa, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuamasaga, Wallis and Futuna
Palearctic Region: Aargau, Abruzzo, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Balearic Islands, Belgium, Brussels Capital, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, China, Corsica, Crete, Croatia, Czech Republic, East Flanders, Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, Emilia-Romagna, Europe, Flemish Brabant, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Gifu, Greece, Hainaut, Himachal Pradesh, Hokkaido, Hungary, Ionía Nísia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kaliningrad, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liguria, Limburg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Namur, Nara, Netherlands, North Korea, Northern Africa, Peloponnísos, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Southern Europe, Spain, Switzerland, Toscana, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Vidin, Walloon Brabant, West Flanders, Western Asia, Western Europe

Taxonomic Treatment (provided by Plazi)

Scientific Name Status Publication Pages ModsID GoogleMaps
Ponera   Forel, A., 1891, Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie: Les Formicides., Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar., Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale, pp. 1-231: 123-124, (download) 123-124 6734
Ponera   Paknia, O., Radchenko, A. & Alipanah, H., 2008, A preliminary checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Iran., Myrmecologische Nachrichten 11, pp. 151-159: 155, (download) 155 21820
Ponera   Jerdon, T. C., 1851, A catalogue of the species of ants found in southern India., Madras Journal of Literature and Science 17, pp. 103-127: 103, (download) 103 4764
Ponera   Yoshimura, M. & Fisher, B. L., 2007, A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to subfamilies and treatment of the genera of Ponerinae., Zootaxa 1654, pp. 21-40: 38, (download) 38 21365
Ponera   Mayr, G., 1862, Myrmecologische Studien., Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12, pp. 649-776: 721, (download) 721 4445
Ponera   Förster, A., 1850, Hymenopterologische Studien. 1. Formicariae., Aachen: Unknown Publisher, pp. -1--1: 45, (download) 45 8138
Ponera   Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London: British Museum, pp. -1--1: 83, (download) 83 8127
Ponera   Forel, A., 1891, Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie: Les Formicides., Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar., Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale, pp. 1-231: 124, (download) 124 6734
Ponera   Smith, F., 1851, List of the specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. - Hymenoptera Aculeata., London: British Museum, pp. -1--1: 6, (download) 6 8200
Ponera   Collingwood, C. A., 1979, The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark., Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8, pp. 1-174: 32, (download) 32 6175
Ponera   Jerdon, T. C., 1851, A catalogue of the species of ants found in southern India., Madras Journal of Literature and Science 17, pp. 103-127: 117, (download) 117 4764


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