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Genus: Pogonomyrmex   Mayr, 1868 


Classification:

Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2017)

Extant: 68 species, 6 subspecies

Fossil: 1 species

Pogonomyrmex Mayr, 1868b PDF: 169. Type-species: Formica badia, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, 1911g PDF: 170. AntCat AntWiki

Taxonomic history

Pogonomyrmex in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877b PDF: 81.
Pogonomyrmex in Myrmicidae: Cresson, 1887 PDF: 260.
Pogonomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 118.
Pogonomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b PDF: 125; Emery, 1895l PDF: 769; Forel, 1899B: 61; Ashmead, 1905c PDF: 383; Wheeler, 1910a: 140; Emery, 1914e: 40; Forel, 1917 PDF: 240; Emery, 1921c: 44; Wheeler, 1922: 660; all subsequent authors.
Pogonomyrmex in Pogonomyrmecini: Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015 PDF: 16.
Genus Pogonomyrmex references
Mayr, 1870b PDF: 970 (all species key); Mayr, 1887 PDF: 608 (all species key); Cresson, 1887 PDF: 260 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 118 (catalogue); Wheeler, 1902a PDF: 97 (North America species key); Emery, 1921c: 44 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921c: 48 (Pogonomyrmex (Ephebomyrmex) & Pogonomyrmex (Forelomyrmex) diagnoses, catalogues); Gallardo, 1932c PDF: 95 (Argentina species key); Cole, 1942 PDF: 364 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Kusnezov, 1949c PDF: 301 (Argentina Pogonomyrmex (Ephebomyrmex) species key); Creighton, 1950a PDF: 113 (North America species key); Kusnezov, 1951e PDF: 254 (Argentina species key); Kusnezov, 1954e PDF: 85 (Bolivia species key); Creighton, 1957a PDF: 54 (North America Ephebomyrmex); Gregg, 1963: 317 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Cole, 1968: 21, 38, 155 (North America Pogonomyrmex & Pogonomyrmex (Ephebomyrmex) diagnoses, species revision, keys); Kempf, 1972b PDF: 106, 206 (Neotropical Ephebomyrmex, Pogonomyrmex catalogues); Snelling & Hunt, 1975 PDF: 72 (Chile species key); Smith, 1979: 1353 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 442 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Snelling, 1982a PDF: 104 (supplement to Cole, 1968 key); Snelling, 1982a PDF: 108 (North America Pogonomyrmex (Ephebomyrmex) species key); Mackay, Mackay, Dominguez, et al. 1985: 42 (Mexico species key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g PDF: 26 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g PDF: 33 (U.S.A., Nevada Ephebomyrmex species key); Shattuck, 1987 PDF: 175 (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis complex, key); Taber, 1990 PDF: 307 (U.S.A. species complexes, phylogeny); Brandão, 1991 PDF: 342, 372 (Neotropical catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a PDF: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 339 (catalogue); Taber, 1998: 146, 147 (Ephebomyrmex, Pogonomyrmex species key); Fernández & Palacio, 1998 PDF: 1657 (northern South America species key); Mackay & MacKay, 2002 PDF: 180 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Lattke, 2006 PDF: 56 (northern South America species key); Johnson & Overson, 2009 PDF: 313 (Pogonomyrmex californicus group key); Cuezzo & Claver, 2009 PDF: 99 (Argentina species key); Johnson, Overson & Moreau, 2013 PDF (Central and western North American Pogonomyrmex californicus species group key); Johnson & Cover, 2015 PDF (Hispaniola Island species revision, workers and queens species key); Johnson, 2015 10.11646/zootaxa.4029.1.1 PDF:1 (South America species revision, species and species-group key, natural history).

Taxon Page Images:



Pogonomyrmex rastratus carrying a seed, Amaicha del Valle, Tucumán, Argentina.
Image © Alex Wild.

Overview:

These are the conspicuous seed-harvesting ants of the New World. Often dominant in arid environments, many form huge societies with large nests that are a recognizable feature of the landscapes they inhabit. Many are renowned for the potency of their sting.
Some lineages of Pogonomyrmex have complicated, genetic caste determination and hybrid lineages are known, e.g. Helms Cahan et al. 2002, 2006.

Distribution:

(based on species list records)   Genus is native to: Nearctic, Neotropical bioregions.

Nearctic Region: Alabama, Alberta, Arizona, Baja California, Baja California Sur, British Columbia, California, Canada, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colorado, Connecticut, Durango, Florida, Georgia, Hidalgo, Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North America, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Puebla, Sonora, South Dakota, Texas, United States, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Zacatecas
Neotropical Region: Americas, Argentina, Biobío, Bolivia, Bolívar, Boquerón, Brazil, Buenos Aires, Caribbean, Catamarca, Central America, Chile, Chubut, Cibao Noroeste, Cochabamba, Colombia, Corrientes, Córdoba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Progreso, El Salvador, Entre Ríos, Guatemala, Guerrero, Guyana, Haiti, Huánuco, Jalisco, La Altagracia, La Rioja, La Vega, Lara, Magdalena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Maule, Mendoza, Mexico, Michoacán de Ocampo, Minas Gerais, Misiones, Monte Cristi, Montevideo, Nacional, Nariño, Nayarit, Neuquén, Oaxaca, Ouest, Paraguay, Pedernales, Peru, Región Metropolitana, Rio de Janeiro, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Sinaloa, South America, Suriname, São Paulo, Tamaulipas, Trujillo, Tucumán, Uruguay, Usulután, Valle del Cauca, Valparaíso, Venezuela, Veracruz, Zacapa

Taxonomic Treatment (provided by Plazi)

Treatment Citation: Ward, P. S., 2005, A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 936, pp. 1-68

Genus Pogonomyrmex MayrHNS

The species in this genus are seed-harvesting ants, whose nest mounds are often conspicuously decorated with pebbles. The workers are diurnal and have a potent sting.

Several of the taxa belong to difficult complexes, and species boundaries remain unclear. In neighboring Arizona a series of stabilized hybrid lineages has been documented in the P. barbatus-complexHNS (Helms Cahan et al. 2002).

Species identification: keys in Cole (1966), Wheeler and Wheeler (1986g) and Mackay and Mackay (2002). Additional references: Davidson (1977a), De Vita (1979), Gordon (1999), Groark (2001), Helms Cahan et al. (2002), Hölldobler (1976a, 1976c), Johnson (2000a, 2001), Knudtson (1978), Kusnezov (1951e), Lei (2000), MacKay (1980, 1981, 1982), MacKay and MacKay (1989), O’Dowd and Hay (1980), Olsen (1934), Parker and Rissing (2002), Ryti and Case (1988), Schmidt (1998), Shattuck (1987), Snelling(1982a), Taber (1990, 1998), Taber et al. (1987, 1988), Wheeler (1902a, 1914e).



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