Current Valid Name:
Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2023)
Extant: 10 valid subspecies
Formica megacephala Fabricius, 1793 PDF: 361 (s.) MAURITIUS. Malagasy. Primary type information: Primary type material: neotype major worker (by designation of
Fischer & Fisher, 2013 PDF: 332). Primary type locality: neotype Mauritius: Camizard Mt, Bambous, 20.3328S, 57.723E, 375 m., 27.v.2005, BLF12051 (
B.L. Fisher et al.). Primary type depository: CASC. Primary type specimen: CASENT0104990 (neotype). Type notes: 1)
Fischer & Fisher, 2013 PDF: 333, record a further 4 major, 18 minor workers associated with the neotype. 2) Original data: holotype (?) major worker (no indication of number of specimens is given): Mauritius: (“Isle de France, Mus. Dom. Bosc.”) (no further data), presumed lost by
Fischer & Fisher, 2013 PDF: 332. However,
Zimsen, 1964 PDF: 426, cites 1 specimen in ZMUK.
AntCat AntWiki HOL Taxonomic history
[Unjustified emendation of spelling to
megalocephala:
Schulz, 1906 PDF: 155.]
Status as species:
Latreille, 1802a PDF: 232;
Fabricius, 1804 PDF: 411;
Losana, 1834 PDF: 328;
Mayr, 1855 PDF: 458 (footnote);
Mayr, 1861 PDF: 70 (in key);
Roger, 1863b PDF: 30, 49;
Mayr, 1863a PDF: 441;
Dours, 1873 PDF: 169;
André, 1874c: 198 (in key);
Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 463;
Forel, 1881 PDF: 8;
André, 1883b: 383 (in key);
Nasonov, 1889: 38;
Saunders, 1890 PDF: 205;
Forel, 1891c PDF: 176 (redescription);
Emery, 1891c: 13;
Dalla Torre, 1892 PDF: 90;
Emery, 1892c PDF: 160;
Mayr, 1893b PDF: 201;
Forel, 1893j PDF: 417;
Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 92;
Emery, 1893e PDF: 84;
Emery, 1893h PDF: 243;
Forel, 1895e PDF: 227, 231;
Emery, 1895d PDF: 294;
Emery, 1895g PDF: 337;
Emery, 1895m: 468;
Saunders, 1896 PDF: 42;
Emery, 1897f PDF: 598;
Forel, 1899a PDF: 118;
Forel, 1899b PDF: 76;
Emery, 1899e PDF: 280;
Emery, 1900: 682;
Forel, 1901j PDF: 365;
Forel, 1901m PDF: 81;
Emery, 1901i PDF: 567;
Ruzsky, 1902d PDF: 26;
Forel, 1902c PDF: 173 (in key);
Forel, 1902g PDF: 543;
Forel, 1902j PDF: 433;
Bingham, 1903 PDF: 242;
Forel, 1903f PDF: 406;
Mayr, 1904b PDF: 7;
Ruzsky, 1905b: 650;
Wheeler, 1905c PDF: 125;
Wheeler, 1906j PDF: 349;
Wheeler, 1907b PDF: 272;
Mayr, 1907b PDF: 13;
Forel, 1907g PDF: 91;
Forel, 1907h PDF: 17;
Forel, 1907i PDF: 81;
Forel, 1908b PDF: 3;
Forel, 1908c PDF: 52;
Forel, 1908a PDF: 65;
Santschi, 1908 PDF: 517;
Wheeler, 1908a PDF: 133;
Forel, 1909i PDF: 226;
Wheeler, 1909c PDF: 272;
Wheeler, 1909d PDF: 336;
Santschi, 1910c PDF: 370;
Yano, 1910a PDF: 419;
Wheeler, 1910a PDF: 563;
Wheeler, 1911a PDF: 23;
Forel, 1912a PDF: 69;
Forel, 1912g PDF: 234;
Forel, 1913f PDF: 662;
Forel, 1913g PDF: 193;
Forel, 1913l PDF: 27;
Wheeler, 1913b PDF: 492;
Santschi, 1914b PDF: 75;
Santschi, 1914d PDF: 336;
Santschi, 1914e: 22;
Stitz, 1914 PDF: 67;
Wheeler & Mann, 1914 PDF: 22;
Forel, 1915a PDF: 28;
Forel, 1915b PDF: 66;
Emery, 1915i PDF: 235, 238;
Donisthorpe, 1915f PDF: 338;
Crawley, 1915b: 235;
Wheeler & Mann, 1916 PDF: 170;
Stitz, 1917 PDF: 340;
Wheeler, 1917g PDF: 458;
Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 65;
Santschi, 1920i PDF: 2;
Emery, 1921c PDF: 85;
Wheeler, 1922: 131, 812, 1018;
Stitz, 1923: 154;
Wheeler, 1924c PDF: 243;
Mann, 1925b PDF: 5;
Santschi, 1925h PDF: 160;
Stärcke, 1926a PDF: 87 (in key);
Wheeler, 1927d PDF: 4;
Wheeler, 1927g PDF: 105;
Donisthorpe, 1927c: 389;
Clark, 1928b PDF: 169;
Cheesman & Crawley, 1928 PDF: 517;
Santschi, 1928a PDF: 47;
Santschi, 1928c PDF: 69;
Wheeler, 1928c PDF: 11;
Menozzi, 1929b PDF: 2;
Wheeler, 1929h PDF: 60;
Menozzi, 1930h PDF: 328;
Menozzi & Russo, 1930 PDF: 152;
Wheeler, 1930b PDF: 98;
Wheeler, 1930k PDF: 63;
Santschi, 1930b PDF: 67;
Donisthorpe, 1932c PDF: 455;
Wheeler, 1932e PDF: 156;
Wheeler, 1932g PDF: 14;
Wheeler, 1933f PDF: 142;
Wheeler, 1934a PDF: 174;
Wheeler, 1934i: 11;
Donisthorpe, 1935 PDF: 633;
Karavaiev, 1935a PDF: 77;
Santschi, 1935b: 267;
Wheeler, 1935g: 18;
Wheeler, 1936c PDF: 198;
Wheeler, 1936g PDF: 5;
Smith, 1937 PDF: 843;
Wheeler, 1937a PDF: 22;
Santschi, 1937b PDF: 98;
Santschi, 1937d PDF: 217;
Menozzi, 1939c: 103;
Santschi, 1939c PDF: 7;
Santschi, 1939f PDF: 161;
Teranishi, 1940: 58;
Menozzi, 1942a PDF: 166;
Weber, 1943d PDF: 305;
Eidmann, 1944 PDF: 442, 469;
Donisthorpe, 1946i PDF: 29;
Weber, 1948b PDF: 81;
Donisthorpe, 1949f PDF: 275;
Bernard, 1950c PDF: 287;
Donisthorpe, 1950e PDF: 1061;
Smith, 1951c PDF: 803;
Chapman & Capco, 1951 PDF: 145;
Menozzi & Consani, 1952 PDF: 62;
Bernard, 1953b PDF: 225;
Smith, 1954c PDF: 4;
Wellenius, 1955 PDF: 6;
Ceballos, 1956: 302;
Smith, 1958c PDF: 122;
Gregg, 1959 PDF: 12 (in key);
Kempf, 1962b PDF: 18;
Taylor & Wilson, 1962 PDF: 143;
Bernard, 1967a PDF: 153 (redescription);
Smith, 1967a PDF: 354;
Taylor, 1967b PDF: 1094;
Wilson & Taylor, 1967b PDF: 46, 103;
Yarrow, 1967 PDF: 27;
Bernard, 1971: 7;
Kempf, 1972b PDF: 196;
Alayo, 1974 PDF: 12 (in key);
Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 4 (in key);
Taylor, 1976a: 84;
Taylor, 1976b: 195;
Báez & Ortega, 1978: 190;
Smith, 1979: 1371;
Collingwood, 1979 PDF: 62;
Onoyama, 1980a PDF: 197;
Barquín, 1981: 111;
Brown, 1981 PDF: 529;
Ogata, 1982 PDF: 197;
Collingwood, 1985 PDF: 254;
Naves, 1985 PDF: 64;
Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g PDF: 42 (in key);
Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a PDF: 54;
Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b PDF: 272 (in key);
Taylor, 1987a PDF: 54;
Deyrup et al., 1989 PDF: 95;
Brandão, 1991 PDF: 370;
Ogata, 1991b PDF: 93;
Morisita et al., 1992: 24;
Collingwood, 1993b PDF: 194;
Hohmann et al., 1993: 156;
Dlussky, 1994a: 54;
Bolton, 1995b: 325;
Wu & Wang, 1995a: 103;
Tang et al., 1995: 57;
Dorow, 1996a PDF: 79;
Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 PDF: 323;
Berry et al., 1997 PDF: 27;
Espadaler, 1997g PDF: 31;
Zhou & Zheng, 1999 PDF: 84 (in key);
Deyrup et al., 2000: 296;
Zhou, 2001a PDF: 127;
Eguchi, 2001b PDF: 77 (redescription) ;
Markó & Csosz, 2002 PDF: 115;
Wetterer, 2002 PDF: 129;
Blard et al., 2003 PDF: 131;
Imai et al., 2003 PDF: 159;
Deyrup, 2003 PDF: 46;
Lin & Wu, 2003: 65;
Wetterer & Vargo, 2003 PDF: 417;
Wilson, 2003a: 549 (redescription);
Wetterer & Wetterer, 2004 PDF: 215;
Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005 PDF: 34;
Petrov, 2006 PDF: 93 (in key);
Wetterer, 2006 PDF: 415;
Clouse, 2007b PDF: 240;
Don, 2007: 128;
Wetterer et al., 2007 PDF: 31;
Wetterer et al., 2007 PDF: 18;
Framenau & Thomas, 2008 PDF: 71;
Eguchi, 2008 PDF: 55 (redescription);
Heterick, 2009 PDF: 169;
Terayama, 2009 PDF: 170;
Mohanraj et al., 2010 PDF: 7;
Collingwood et al., 2011 PDF: 438;
Karaman, 2011b PDF: 48;
Legakis, 2011 PDF: 12;
Pfeiffer et al., 2011 PDF: 49;
Borowiec & Salata, 2012 PDF: 526;
Guénard & Dunn, 2012 PDF: 50;
Kiran & Karaman, 2012 PDF: 23;
Sarnat & Economo, 2012 PDF: 99;
Wetterer, 2012e PDF: 51;
Borowiec & Salata, 2013 PDF: 363;
Fischer & Fisher, 2013 PDF: 332 (redescription);
Hita Garcia et al., 2013 PDF: 214;
Sarnat et al., 2013 PDF: 71;
Borowiec, 2014 PDF: 142 (see note in bibliography);
Ramage, 2014 PDF: 172;
Tohmé & Tohmé, 2014 PDF: 135;
Bezděčková et al., 2015 PDF: 120;
Sarnat et al., 2015 10.3897/zookeys.543.6050 PDF: 50 (redescription);
Bharti et al., 2016 PDF: 42;
Lebas et al., 2016: 332;
Wetterer et al., 2016 PDF: 15;
Deyrup, 2017: 90;
Sharaf et al., 2018 10.20362/am.010004 PDF: 27;
Dekoninck et al., 2019 PDF: 1157;
Longino, 2019 doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4599.1.1 PDF: 101;
Lubertazzi, 2019 10.3099/MCZ-43.1 PDF: 149;
Dias et al., 2020 10.3897/zookeys.967.54432 PDF: 84;
Yamane & Hosoishi, 2020 PDF: 45;
Khachonpisitsak et al., 2020 10.3897/zookeys.998.54902 PDF: 111;
Salata & Fisher, 2022 10.7717/peerj.13263 PDF: 11;
Wang et al., 2022 10.20362/am.015006 PDF: 91;
Sharaf et al., 2022 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925 PDF: 72.
Senior synonym of
Pheidole edax:
Dalla Torre, 1892 PDF: 90;
Emery, 1892c PDF: 160;
Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 92;
Emery, 1915i PDF: 235;
Emery, 1921c PDF: 85;
Wheeler, 1922: 812;
Bolton, 1995b: 325;
Eguchi, 2001b PDF: 77;
Eguchi, 2008 PDF: 56;
Fischer & Fisher, 2013 PDF: 332;
Sarnat et al., 2015 10.3897/zookeys.543.6050 PDF: 50.
Senior synonym of
Pheidole laevigata (Smith, 1855):
Roger, 1863b PDF: 30;
Dours, 1873 PDF: 169;
Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 463;
Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 92;
Forel, 1899b PDF: 77;
Ruzsky, 1905b: 650;
Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 66;
Bolton, 1995b: 325;
Eguchi, 2008 PDF: 56;
Fischer & Fisher, 2013 PDF: 332;
Sarnat et al., 2015 10.3897/zookeys.543.6050 PDF: 50.
Senior synonym of
Pheidole laevigata Mayr, 1862:
Roger, 1863b PDF: 30;
Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 463;
Forel, 1891c PDF: 176;
Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 92;
Forel, 1899b PDF: 77;
Ruzsky, 1905b: 650;
Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 66;
Wheeler, 1922: 812;
Donisthorpe, 1927c: 389;
Donisthorpe, 1935 PDF: 633;
Smith, 1954c PDF: 4;
Kempf, 1972b PDF: 196;
Naves, 1985 PDF: 64;
Bolton, 1995b: 325;
Eguchi, 2008 PDF: 56;
Fischer & Fisher, 2013 PDF: 333;
Sarnat et al., 2015 10.3897/zookeys.543.6050 PDF: 50.
Senior synonym of
Pheidole pusilla:
Roger, 1863b PDF: 30;
Dours, 1873 PDF: 169;
André, 1874c: 204 (in list);
Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 463;
Forel, 1891c PDF: 176;
Dalla Torre, 1892 PDF: 90;
Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 92;
Forel, 1895e PDF: 231;
Forel, 1899b PDF: 76;
Ruzsky, 1905b: 650;
Wheeler, 1911g PDF: 169;
Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 66;
Wheeler, 1922: 812;
Donisthorpe, 1927c: 389;
Donisthorpe, 1935 PDF: 633;
Smith, 1954c PDF: 4;
Kempf, 1972b PDF: 196;
Naves, 1985 PDF: 64;
Bolton, 1995b: 325;
Eguchi, 2001b PDF: 77;
Zhou, 2001a PDF: 127;
Eguchi, 2008 PDF: 56;
Fischer & Fisher, 2013 PDF: 332;
Sarnat et al., 2015 10.3897/zookeys.543.6050 PDF: 50.
Senior synonym of
Pheidole trinodis:
Roger, 1863b PDF: 30;
Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 463;
Forel, 1891c PDF: 176;
Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 92;
Forel, 1899b PDF: 76;
Ruzsky, 1905b: 650;
Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 65;
Wheeler, 1922: 812;
Bolton, 1995b: 325;
Eguchi, 2001b PDF: 77;
Zhou, 2001a PDF: 127;
Eguchi, 2008 PDF: 55;
Fischer & Fisher, 2013 PDF: 332;
Sarnat et al., 2015 10.3897/zookeys.543.6050 PDF: 50.
Taxon Page Images:
© Philip Herbst; Blaauwberg Nature Reserve, Western Cape
// Distribution
Distribution:
Geographic regions (According to curated Geolocale/Taxon lists)
: Africa: Cameroon,
Canary Islands,
Cape Verde,
Comoros,
Democratic Republic of Congo,
Gabon,
Gambia,
Ghana,
Guinea,
Ivory Coast,
Kenya,
Macaronesia,
Madagascar,
Mali,
Mauritius,
Mayotte,
Mozambique,
Nigeria,
Reunion,
Rwanda,
Senegal,
Seychelles,
Sierra Leone,
South Africa,
Swaziland,
Tromelin Island,
Uganda,
Zambia,
Zimbabwe Americas: Argentina,
Aruba,
Bahamas,
Barbados,
Bermuda,
Brazil,
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Cuba,
Dominican Republic,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Galapagos Islands,
Guadeloupe,
Guatemala,
Guyana,
Haiti,
Honduras,
Martinique,
Mexico,
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Peru,
Puerto Rico,
Saint Lucia,
Saint Martin,
Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago,
United States,
United States Virgin Islands,
Venezuela Asia: Borneo,
China,
India,
Indonesia,
Iran,
Japan,
Malaysia,
Nicobar Island,
Oman,
Philippines,
Saudi Arabia,
Singapore,
Sri Lanka,
Thailand,
United Arab Emirates,
Vietnam,
Yemen Europe: Greece,
Italy,
Macedonia,
Montenegro,
Portugal,
Romania,
Spain,
United Kingdom Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia,
Cook Islands,
Fiji,
Guam,
Hawaii,
Kiribati,
Marshall Islands,
Micronesia,
New Caledonia,
New Zealand,
Niue,
Northern Mariana Islands,
Palau,
Palmyra Atoll,
Papua New Guinea,
Samoa,
Solomon Islands,
Tokelau,
Tonga,
Vanuatu,
Wallis and Futuna Biogeographic regions (According to curated Bioregion/Taxon lists)
: Afrotropical,
Australasia,
Indomalaya,
Malagasy,
Nearctic,
Neotropical,
Oceania,
Palearctic Native to (according to species list records)
: Afrotropical bioregion
Distribution Notes:
Mediterranean area
Biology:
urban areas, uncommon
Notes:
Caste of types: (s)
References:
Hoffman, B. D., A. N. Andersen, G. J. E. Hill 1999. Impact of an introduced ant on native rain forest invertebrates: Pheidole megacephala in monsoonal Australia. Oecologia 120:595-604.
Kempf, W. W. 1972. Catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical. Stud. Entomol. 15:3-344.
Taxonomic Treatment (provided by Plazi)
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Forel, A., 1890, Fourmis de Tunisie et de l'Algérie orientale., Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-rendus des Seances 34, pp. 61-76: 76, (download) |
76 |
3926
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Forel, A., 1891, Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie: Les Formicides., Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar., Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale, pp. 1-231: 227, (download) |
227 |
6734
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Eguchi, K., 2008, A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)., Zootaxa 1902, pp. 1-118: 55-59, (download) |
55-59 |
22171
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Santschi, F., 1914, Formicidae., Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911 - 1912). Résultats scientifiques. Hyménoptères 2, pp. 41-148: 75-76, (download) |
75-76 |
8111
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Emery, C., 1915, Les Pheidole du groupe megacephala (Formicidae)., Revue de Zoologie Africaine 4, pp. 223-250: 238-239, (download) |
238-239 |
3875
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Forel, A., 1891, Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie: Les Formicides., Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar., Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale, pp. 1-231: 176-179, (download) |
176-179 |
6734
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Forel, A., 1908, Fourmis de Costa-Rica, récoltées par M. Paul Biolley., Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 44, pp. 35-72: 52, (download) |
52 |
4014
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Forel, A., 1907, Ameisen von Madagaskar, den Comoren und Ostafrika., Ameisen von Madagaskar, den Comoren und Ostafrika (Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903 - 1905 mitteln der Hermann und Elise geb. Heckmann Wentzel-Stiftung ausgeführt von Professor Dr. Alfred, pp. 75-92: 81, (download) |
81 |
8171
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Forel, A., 1907, The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner. No. VI. - Fourmis des Seychelles, Amirantes, Farquhar et Chagos., Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 12, pp. 91-94: -1, (download) |
-1 |
4010
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Forel, A., 1912, H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Formicidae (Hym.)., Entomologische Mitteilungen 1, pp. 45-81: 64, (download) |
64 |
4035
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Wilson, E. O., 2003, Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: 549-550, (download) |
549-550 |
20017
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Santschi, F., 1914, Formicidae., Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911 - 1912). Résultats scientifiques. Hyménoptères 2, pp. 41-148: 45, (download) |
45 |
8111
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Crawley W. C., 1915, Ants from north and south-west Australia (G. F. Hill, Rowland Turner) and Christmas Island, Straits Settlements. Part 2, Ann. Mag Natur. Hist. 15, pp. 232-239: 235, (download) |
235 |
6192
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Wheeler, W. M., 1922, The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition., Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45, pp. 39-269: 131, (download) |
131 |
20597
|
|
|
Formica pusilla |
|
Emery, C., 1915, Les Pheidole du groupe megacephala (Formicidae)., Revue de Zoologie Africaine 4, pp. 223-250: 235, (download) |
235 |
3875
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Forel, A., 1893, Formicides de l'Antille St. Vincent. Récoltées par Mons. H. H. Smith., Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1893, pp. 333-418: 417-418, (download) |
417-418 |
3948
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Mayr, G., 1893, Formiciden von Herrn Dr. Fr. Stuhlmann in Ost-Afrika gesammelt., Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 10, pp. 193-201: 9, (download) |
9 |
4386
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Eguchi, K., 2008, A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)., Zootaxa 1902, pp. 1-118: 55-59, (download) |
55-59 |
22171
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Emery, C., 1893, Voyage de M. E. Simon à l'île de Ceylan (janvier - février 1892). 3 e Mémoire. Formicides., Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 62, pp. 239-258: 5, (download) |
5 |
3767
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Mayr, G., 1893, Formiciden von Herrn Dr. Fr. Stuhlmann in Ost-Afrika gesammelt., Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 10, pp. 193-201: 9, (download) |
9 |
4386
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Emery, C., 1915, Les Pheidole du groupe megacephala (Formicidae)., Revue de Zoologie Africaine 4, pp. 223-250: 235, (download) |
235 |
3875
|
|
|
Pheidole megacephala |
|
Emery, C., 1893, Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud aux iles Canaries. Formicides., Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 62, pp. 81-88: 84, (download) |
84 |
3764
|
|
Specimen Habitat Summary
Found most commonly in these habitats: 91 times found in rainforest, 45 times found in urban garden, 59 times found in urban/garden, 64 times found in Lowland coastal, coraline island, 7 times found in closed vegetation, 29 times found in tropical dry forest, 30 times found in grassland, 35 times found in Urban (Resudential Area), 15 times found in park/garden, 26 times found in Pasture land, ...
Found most commonly in these microhabitats: 77 times ex rotten log, 39 times ground nest, 47 times ground forager(s), 37 times under stone, 40 times sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), 33 times on low vegetation, 12 times under tree bark, live tree, 19 times sifted litter, 6 times under moss, above ground, 18 times leaf litter, 11 times Under rotten log, ...
Collected most commonly using these methods: 114 times pitfall trap, 51 times Hand collected, 78 times Malaise, 57 times Hand, 28 times Pitfall, 31 times Malaise trap, 19 times MW 50 sample transect, 5m, 17 times M, 21 times Winkler, 7 times H, 6 times CDC light trap, ...
Elevations: collected from 1 - 2524 meters, 413 meters average
Collect Date Range: collected between 1887-12-31 00:00:00.0 and 2023-01-29 00:00:00.0
Type specimens: neotype of Pheidole megacephala: casent0104990; Not Provided: antweb1008103, casent0126145, casent0126146, casent0126150, casent0126160, casent0126163, casent0126164, casent0126166, casent0126172, casent0184040, casent0184281, casent0184316, casent0184318, casent0184327, casent0184364, casent0184372, casent0184377, casent0184410, casent0184416, casent0184426, casent0184430, casent0184442, casent0184458, casent0184503, casent0184504, casent0184519, casent0184526, casent0185032, casent0185041, casent0185060, casent0185080, casent0185132, casent0185155, casent0185172, casent0185188, casent0185194, casent0185199, casent0185212, casent0185243, casent0185252, casent0185258, casent0185262, casent0185281, casent0185283, casent0185289, casent0185291, casent0185303, casent0185305, casent0185306, casent0185316, casent0185347, casent0185362, casent0185363, casent0185366, casent0185382, casent0185407, casent0185415, casent0186560, casent0186599, casent0186749, casent0186846, casent0186877, casent0186881, casent0186908, casent0199122, casent0199123, casent0199124, casent0199142, casent0199149, casent0199150, casent0199151, casent0199152, casent0199153, casent0199154, casent0199155, casent0199156, casent0199798, casent0199838, casent0248950, casent0248951, casent0248986, casent0282760, casent0282761, casent0283042, casent0283044, casent0283046, casent0283048, casent0283088, casent0283285, casent0283520, casent0339777, casent0716118, casent0717719, casent0738823, casent0738824, casent0741638, casent0741639, casent0741640, casent0741641, casent0742327, casent0742356, casent0743020; Paratype: sam-ent-011592; paratype of Pheidole megacephala: casent0055882, casent0055883, casent0055884, casent0055885, casent0055886, casent0055903, casent0055904, casent0055905, casent0055944, casent0055945, casent0055946, casent0055947, casent0055951, casent0055952, casent0055953, casent0055954, casent0055955, casent0055956, casent0055957, casent0056004, casent0056005, casent0056006, casent0056007, casent0056008, casent0056009, casent0056010, casent0056011, casent0056012, casent0056013, casent0056014, casent0056015, casent0056016, casent0056017, casent0056018, casent0056019, casent0059592, casent0059593, casent0059594, casent0059595, casent0059596, casent0059597, casent0059653, casent0059655, casent0059656, casent0059657, casent0059671, casent0059672, casent0059673, casent0059674; syntype of Myrmica agilis: casent0901410; syntype of Myrmica suspiciosa: casent0901409; syntype of Pheidole neokohli: casent0901313; type of Oecophthora perniciosa: focol1344
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