Current Valid Name:
Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2023)
Extant: 4 valid subspecies
Formica fugax Latreille, 1798 PDF: 46 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Palearctic. Primary type information: Primary type material: neotype queen (by designation of
Galkowski et al., 2010 PDF: 153). Primary type locality: neotype France: 45.0517°N, 1.5372°E, Nespoules-Faugère, 330 m., 25.viii.2008-1 (
C. Galkowski). Primary type depository: MNHN. Type notes:
Galkowski et al., 2010 PDF: 153, also nominate 20 workers, 4 queens, 5 males as “paraneotypes”, a category without status in nomenclature.
AntCat AntWiki Taxonomic history
Status as species:
Latreille, 1802a PDF: 265;
Walckenaer, 1802: 167;
Latreille, 1809 PDF: 131;
Leach, 1815: 147;
Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 PDF: 184;
Schilling, 1839 PDF: 56;
Schenck, 1852 PDF: 107;
Mayr, 1855 PDF: 450 (redescription);
Smith, 1855b PDF: 127;
Nylander, 1856b PDF: 99;
Gredler, 1858 PDF: 28;
Smith, 1858b PDF: 283;
Smith, 1858a PDF: 122;
Mayr, 1861 PDF: 73 (in key);
Mayr, 1862 PDF: 751;
Roger, 1863b PDF: 32;
Mayr, 1863a PDF: 453;
Emery, 1869b PDF: 22;
Mayr, 1870b PDF: 996 (in key);
Smith, 1871c: 4;
Dours, 1873 PDF: 170;
Forel, 1874 PDF: 69 (in key);
André, 1874c: 200 (in key);
Mayr, 1877a: 19;
Emery, 1878: 58;
Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 464;
Saunders, 1880 PDF: 221;
Mayr, 1880 PDF: 39;
André, 1881c PDF: 76;
André, 1883b: 388 (in key);
White, 1884 PDF: 267;
Forel, 1886e PDF: clxviii;
Cresson, 1887 PDF: 262;
Forel, 1889 PDF: 257;
Nasonov, 1889: 39;
Saunders, 1890 PDF: 205;
Emery, 1891c PDF: 13;
Lameere, 1892: 68;
Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 75;
Medina, 1893 PDF: 105;
Forel, 1894d PDF: 21;
Wasmann, 1894: 162;
Ruzsky, 1896 PDF: 73;
Saunders, 1896 PDF: 41;
Ruzsky, 1902d PDF: 31;
Ruzsky, 1903b PDF: 308;
Forel, 1904c PDF: 372;
Ruzsky, 1905b: 507;
Forel, 1906c PDF: 190;
Wasmann, 1906 PDF: 117 (in key);
Emery, 1909a PDF: 30;
Bondroit, 1910 PDF: 498;
Karavaiev, 1911a PDF: 49;
Santschi, 1910e PDF: 649;
Yano, 1910a PDF: 419;
Forel, 1911f PDF: 339;
Forel, 1911g PDF: 268;
Ito, 1914a PDF: 41;
Stitz, 1914 PDF: 74;
Emery, 1914c PDF: 157;
Forel, 1915d: 37 (in key);
Donisthorpe, 1915f PDF: 102;
Emery, 1916a PDF: 165;
Escherich, 1917: 325;
Bondroit, 1918 PDF: 144;
Menozzi, 1921 PDF: 27;
Emery, 1922c PDF: 201;
Menozzi, 1922c PDF: 327;
Soudek, 1922b PDF: 25;
Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1923b PDF: 253;
Müller, 1923b PDF: 77;
Finzi, 1923a PDF: 4;
Finzi, 1924a PDF: 13;
Emery, 1924c PDF: 165;
Santschi, 1925g PDF: 348;
Schkaff, 1925b PDF: 275;
Soudek, 1925b PDF: 16;
Donisthorpe, 1926a PDF: 8;
Karavaiev, 1926c PDF: 163;
Menozzi, 1926b PDF: 182;
Betrem, 1926 PDF: 218;
Stärcke, 1926a PDF: 84 (in key);
Donisthorpe, 1927c: 110;
Karavaiev, 1927a PDF: 290;
Karavaiev, 1927d: 263 (in key);
Karavaiev, 1927e PDF: 335;
Kutter, 1927a PDF: 99;
Lomnicki, 1928 PDF: 6;
Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b PDF: 43;
Wheeler, 1929g PDF: 7;
Finzi, 1930d PDF: 314;
Karavaiev, 1930b PDF: 145;
Wheeler, 1930k PDF: 68;
Cori & Finzi, 1931 PDF: 238;
Soudek, 1931 PDF: 7;
Gösswald, 1932 PDF: 68;
Arnol'di, 1933a: 597 (in key);
Finzi, 1933 PDF: 164;
Menozzi, 1933b PDF: 67;
Santschi, 1934e PDF: 582;
Karavaiev, 1934: 122 (redescription);
Grandi, 1935 PDF: 100;
Zimmermann, 1935 PDF: 27;
Santschi, 1936c PDF: 202;
Santschi, 1939c PDF: 6;
Teranishi, 1940: 12;
Novák & Sadil, 1941 PDF: 83 (in key);
Röszler, 1942a PDF: 52;
Van Boven, 1947b PDF: 172 (in key);
Donisthorpe, 1950e PDF: 1061;
Bernard, 1950a PDF: 14;
Röszler, 1951 PDF: 90;
Azuma, 1951 PDF: 87;
Chapman & Capco, 1951 PDF: 167;
Consani & Zangheri, 1952 PDF: 41;
Ceballos, 1956: 305;
Collingwood, 1961a PDF: 64;
Baroni Urbani, 1964b PDF: 52;
Ettershank, 1966 PDF: 140;
Bernard, 1967a PDF: 182 (redescription);
Pisarski, 1967a PDF: 400;
Baroni Urbani, 1968b PDF: 63;
Kutter, 1968b PDF: 59;
Baroni Urbani, 1969e PDF: 332;
Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969 PDF: 67;
Baroni Urbani, 1971c PDF: 85;
Collingwood, 1971 PDF: 159;
Banert & Pisarski, 1972 PDF: 349;
Baroni Urbani, 1974a PDF: 233;
Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (in key);
Pisarski, 1975: 17;
Tarbinsky, 1976 PDF: 80;
Aktaç, 1977 PDF: 122;
Kutter, 1977c PDF: 102;
Van Boven, 1977 PDF: 85;
Bernard, 1978a: 574 (in key);
Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539 (in key);
Collingwood, 1978 PDF: 82 (in key);
Collingwood, 1979 PDF: 64;
Onoyama, 1980a PDF: 198;
Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985 PDF: 221;
Bolton, 1987 PDF: 285;
Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a PDF: 55;
Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b PDF: 273 (in key);
Kugler, 1988 PDF: 258;
Dlussky et al., 1990 PDF: 241;
Le Moli & Rosi, 1991: 31;
Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 168;
Arakelian, 1994 PDF: 49;
Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994a PDF: 109;
Bolton, 1995b: 387;
Douwes, 1995: 88;
Poldi et al., 1995: 4;
Espadaler, 1997g PDF: 31;
Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 18 (in key);
Gallé et al., 1998: 215;
Czechowski et al., 2002 PDF: 60;
Markó & Csosz, 2002 PDF: 115;
Karaman & Karaman, 2003 PDF: 42;
Karaman & Karaman, 2005 PDF: 56;
Bračko, 2006 PDF: 140;
Markó et al., 2006 PDF: 70;
Petrov, 2006 PDF: 95 (in key);
Schultz et al., 2006 PDF: 203;
Bračko, 2007 PDF: 18;
Seifert, 2007: 216;
Radchenko, 2007 PDF: 33;
Werner & Wiezik, 2007 PDF: 140;
Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007 PDF: 232;
Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008 PDF: 141;
Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009 PDF: 492-493;
Vonshak & Ionescu-Hirsch, 2010 PDF: 44;
Lapeva-Gjonova et al., 2010 PDF: 19;
Boer, 2010: 63;
Galkowski et al., 2010 PDF: 153 (redescription);
Csosz et al., 2011 PDF: 57;
Karaman, 2011b PDF: 52;
Legakis, 2011 PDF: 15;
Borowiec & Salata, 2012 PDF: 534;
Czechowski et al., 2012: 166;
Guénard & Dunn, 2012 PDF: 53;
Kiran & Karaman, 2012 PDF: 24;
Borowiec, 2014 PDF: 154 (see note in bibliography);
Bračko et al., 2014 PDF: 15;
Tohmé & Tohmé, 2014 PDF: 136;
Lebas et al., 2016: 334;
Radchenko, 2016: 180;
Steiner et al., 2017: 16;
Salata & Borowiec, 2018c 10.5281/zenodo.2199191 PDF: 48;
Seifert, 2018: 182;
Werner et al., 2018 PDF: 7;
Bračko, 2019 10.23885/181433262019151-165175 PDF: 172.
Senior synonym of
Solenopsis flavidula:
Mayr, 1855 PDF: 450;
Smith, 1855b PDF: 127;
Nylander, 1856b PDF: 99;
Smith, 1858b PDF: 282;
Smith, 1858a PDF: 122;
Mayr, 1863a PDF: 453;
Roger, 1863b PDF: 32;
Smith, 1871c: 4;
Dours, 1873 PDF: 170;
André, 1874c: 204 (in list);
Forel, 1874 PDF: 100 (in list);
Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 464;
Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 75;
Ruzsky, 1905b: 507;
Forel, 1915d: 37 (in key);
Donisthorpe, 1915f PDF: 102;
Emery, 1922c PDF: 202;
Donisthorpe, 1927c: 110;
Karavaiev, 1934: 122;
Bolton, 1995b: 387;
Radchenko, 2007 PDF: 33;
Radchenko, 2016: 180.
Senior synonym of
Solenopsis orientalis:
Karavaiev, 1911a PDF: 49;
Emery, 1922c PDF: 202;
Karavaiev, 1934: 122;
Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985 PDF: 221;
Dlussky et al., 1990 PDF: 242;
Arakelian, 1994 PDF: 50;
Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994a PDF: 109;
Bolton, 1995b: 387;
Schultz et al., 2006 PDF: 203;
Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008 PDF: 141;
Radchenko, 2016: 180.
// Distribution
Distribution:
Geographic regions (According to curated Geolocale/Taxon lists)
: Asia: Afghanistan,
Armenia,
China,
Georgia,
Iran,
Israel,
Japan,
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
South Korea,
Turkmenistan Europe: Albania,
Austria,
Balearic Islands,
Belarus,
Belgium,
Bulgaria,
Channel Islands,
Croatia,
Czech Republic,
Denmark,
France,
Germany,
Gibraltar,
Greece,
Hungary,
Italy,
Latvia,
Lithuania,
Luxembourg,
Macedonia,
Malta,
Moldova,
Monaco,
Montenegro,
Netherlands,
Poland,
Romania,
Russia,
San Marino,
Slovenia,
Spain,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
Ukraine,
United Kingdom Biogeographic regions (According to curated Bioregion/Taxon lists)
: Palearctic
Distribution Notes:
Throughout SLO except Alpine
Biology:
Mostly grasslands, often in lestobiosis with other species (e.g. Formica spp., Lasius spp., Camponotus aethiops)
Notes:
(Dutch vernacular name: diefmier)
Specimen Habitat Summary
Found most commonly in these habitats: 48 times found in Unknown, 9 times found in Rocks (rocky-calcareous grasslands), 7 times found in Anthropogenic, 2 times found in dry meadow, 2 times found in S-facing meadow, 2 times found in heathlands, 1 times found in Hillside meadow, 1 times found in S-slope, deciduous forest on rocks, 1 times found in successional community on sandy soil, edge of pine woodland, 1 times found in meadow, ...
Found most commonly in these microhabitats: 10 times under stone, 3 times in the ground, 2 times in soil, 2 times ground (-5-0 cm), 2 times under small stone, 1 times top soil layer, 1 times stone wall, 1 times sous une pierre, 1 times sous une pierra, 1 times sous un pierre, 1 times soil/leaf litter, ...
Collected most commonly using these methods: 32 times search, 20 times Manual catch, 11 times Pitfall trap, 5 times pitfall, 2 times Malaise trap, 1 times sifting of soil samples, 1 times berlese, 1 times colonie 1, 1 times Hand.
Elevations: collected from 130 - 1500 meters, 509 meters average
Collect Date Range: collected between 1902-12-01 00:00:00.0 and 2022-07-19 00:00:00.0
Type specimens: neoparatype of Solenopsis fugax: antweb1041289, antweb1041290; neotype of Formica fugax: casent0915417; syntype of Diplorhoptrum avium: casent0913647; syntype of Diplorhoptrum delta: casent0913603; syntype of Diplorhoptrum pilosum: casent0913602; syntype of Solenopsis balachowskyi: casent0913648; syntype of Solenopsis duboscqui: casent0913650; syntype of Solenopsis emeryi banyulensis: casent0913649; syntype of Solenopsis laevithorax: casent0913600; syntype of Solenopsis monticola: casent0913601; syntype of Solenopsis provincialis: casent0913605; syntype of Solenopsis pygmaea: casent0913598; syntype of Solenopsis richardi: casent0913604; syntype of Solenopsis robusta: casent0913599; syntype of Solenopsis rugosa: casent0913606; syntype of Solenopsis fugax pontica: casent0913885; syntype of Solenopsis fugax furtiva: casent0913888; syntype of Solenopsis fugax scythica: casent0913886; Type of unpublished name: Solenopsis cajirense: casent0913607
See something amiss? Send us an email.
Mexico
United States
India
Madagascar
Canada
Brazil
China
Greece
Spain
Australia
