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Taxonomic history
Amazonian Brazil and Peru north to Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras. Costa Rica: southern Pacific lowlands.
This species inhabits lowland rainforest. It nests and forages on and near the forest floor.
Pheidole carapunaHNS Mann
Pheidole carapunaHNS Mann 1916: 432. Syn.: Pheidole carapuna var. chaquimayensis WheelerHNS 1925a: 20, n. syn.
Types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard.
Etymology Unknown.
Diagnosis A small, brownish red (major) to yellow (minor) species belonging to a group of ambiguous species composing the " carapunaHNS complex" ( boltoniHNS, carapunaHNS, corniculaHNS, cuprinaHNS, eriophoraHNS, jivaroHNS, manuanaHNS, and tristiculaHNS). All are relatively small in size, with the major possessing a reduced mesonotal convexity, as well as cephalic sculpturing that consists entirely of longitudinal carinulae extending to or almost to the occipital border seen in full-face view. All also have a minor with a broad, concave occiput, which lacks a collar.
Among these species, P. carapunaHNS is close to tristiculaHNS (q.v.), distinguished in the major by its darker color, reduced pronotal carinulae and absence of carinulae in the posteriormost lateral quarters of the dorsal head surface seen in full-face view.
Measurements (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.08, HL 1.28, SL 0.60, EL 0.14, PW 0.60.
Paralectotype minor: HW 0.48, HL 0.52, SL 0.44, EL 0.08, PW 0.32.
Color Major: body and head a rich medium brownish red, gaster light brown.
Minor: concolorous light yellow.
Range Amazonian Brazil and Peru north to Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and the southern Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica and Honduras.
Biology In Costa Rica, Longino (1997) found carapunaHNS in lowland rainforest, where it nests and forages on and near the forest floor. In Costa Rica's Corcovado National Park, he discovered a nest under the bark of a rotten log, and elsewhere observed workers recruiting at night to a dead tabanid fly on a vertical tree trunk close to the ground.
Figure Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype, minor. BRAZIL: Madeira-Mamore rail track; km 284, Rondonia (William M. Mann). Scale bars = 1 mm.
Found most commonly in these habitats: 4 times found in mature wet forest, 7 times found in rainforest, 4 times found in tropical rainforest, 2 times found in 1° wet forest stream edge, 1 times found in edge 2nd growth rainfor., 3 times found in lowland rainforest, 2 times found in moist forest, 4 times found in 2º lowland rainforest, 1 times found in mature moist forest, 1 times found in premontane rainforest, ...
Found most commonly in these microhabitats: 10 times ex sifted leaf litter, 6 times at bait, 3 times ex rotten log, 2 times bait on dead wood, 4 times Nest in rotten log on ground., 1 times nest in rotten log, 1 times nest in dead wood, 1 times nest, 1 times at bait nr stream edge, 1 times nocturnal foragers, 1 times nocturnal forager, ...
Collected most commonly using these methods: 14 times search, 6 times miniWinkler, 6 times Baiting, 5 times Winkler, 2 times bait, 2 times MaxiWinkler, 1 times beating.
Elevations: collected from 5 - 1030 meters, 294 meters average
Collect Date Range: collected between 1981-12-17 00:00:00.0 and 2016-06-09 00:00:00.0
Type specimens: Not Provided: casent0339770; paratype Pheidole tristicula: jtlc000016562
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