Species: Tetraponera difficilis

Current Valid Name:

Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2023)

Sima difficilis Emery, 1900: 677 (w.) INDONESIA (Sumatra). Indomalaya. Primary type information: Primary type material: syntype workers (number not stated). Primary type locality: Indonesia: Sumatra, Benculen (E. Modigliani). Primary type depository: MSNG. Type notes: Ward, 2001 PDF: 603, cites 2 worker syntypes. AntCat AntWiki HOL

Taxonomic history

Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 144 (q.)

Combination in Sima (Tetraponera): Viehmeyer, 1916a PDF: 118; Emery, 1921c PDF: 26.

Combination in Tetraponera: Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 65

Status as species: Forel, 1903a PDF: 710; Forel, 1911f PDF: 383; Wheeler, 1919f PDF: 65; Emery, 1921c PDF: 26; Santschi, 1928h PDF: 124; Chapman & Capco, 1951 PDF: 79; Bolton, 1995b: 417; Ward, 2001 PDF: 628 (redescription); Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005 PDF: 45; Pfeiffer et al., 2011 PDF: 58; Khachonpisitsak et al., 2020 10.3897/zookeys.998.54902 PDF: 158; Wang et al., 2022 10.20362/am.015006 PDF: 137.

Senior synonym of Tetraponera dilatata: Ward, 2001 PDF: 628.

Senior synonym of Tetraponera nitens: Ward, 2001 PDF: 628.

Senior synonym of Tetraponera stipitum: Ward, 2001 PDF: 628.

// Distribution

Distribution:

  Geographic regions (According to curated Geolocale/Taxon lists):
    Asia: Borneo, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
  Biogeographic regions (According to curated Bioregion/Taxon lists):
    Indomalaya

Distribution Notes:

widespread throughout the Philippines

Specimen Habitat Summary

Found most commonly in these habitats: 4 times found in rainforest edge, 1 times found in second-growth rainforest, 2 times found in rainforest, 2 times found in rubber plantation, 2 times found in gardens and relict rainforest, 2 times found in lower montane mixed dipterocarp forest, 2 times found in mangrove, 2 times found in Mangroves, 1 times found in tropical rainforest, 1 times found in parkland, ...

Found most commonly in these microhabitats: 2 times ex dead twig of Mallotus, 1 times ex dead twig, loose in vegetation, 2 times on low vegetation, 2 times Nest in mangrove twig, 2 times foragers on fallen branches of rubber tree, 1 times Xanthophyllum affine, 1 times sandstone, 1 times on Avicennia officinalis, 1 times foragers on trees and on path, 1 times ex treefall, 1 times ex soil, ...

Collected most commonly using these methods: 4 times fogging, 1 times Malaise, 1 times beating vegetation and hand collections, 1 times handling, 1 times Malaise trap head, 1 times search.

Elevations: collected from 20 - 650 meters, 187 meters average

Collect Date Range: collected between 1892-02-15 00:00:00.0 and 2014-07-30 00:00:00.0

Type specimens: Holotype of Sima dilatata: casent0916871; syntype of Sima stipitum: casent0907466; syntype of Tetraponera difficilis: casent0904040; type of Sima fulva: focol1176, focol1177, focol1178; type of Sima nitens: focol1179, focol1180, focol1181

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Citing AntWeb

Species: Tetraponera difficilis (Emery, 1900)

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