Mexico
United States
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This species belongs to the Middle American clade of Stenamma (see Branstetter 2012). All conent on this page modified from Branstetter (2013) unless noted otherwise.
Southern Mexico to Guatemala.
This species is known only from extracts of sifted leaf litter collected from the forest floor. It occupies a variety of wet forest habitat types (e.g. rainforest, mesophyll forest, 2° wet forest, Liquidambar forest, cloud forest, oak-pine forest) and occurs from near sea level to 2000 m. Dealate queens are commonly collected in samples, suggesting that the species may nest in the leaf litter microenvironment.
Worker diagnosis. Integument mostly dark red-brown (almost black) to brown; small- to medium-sized species (see HL, ML, PrW below); anterior clypeal margin entire, or at most with a nearly imperceptible median notch (only visible from anterodorsal angle); basal margin of mandible straight; face densely sculptured, mostly rugoreticulate; dorsum of promesonotum rugoreticulate, or with many irregular rugulae; pilosity on gastral tergites indistinctly bilayered, forming a somewhat sparse layer of long suberect setae, and a very sparse layer of short decumbent setae; eye of small to moderate size (EL 0.09–0.11, REL 15–19), oval-shaped, with 4–7 ommatidia at greatest diameter; propodeal spines reduced to small triangular tubercles (PSL 0.08–0.14, PSI 1.1–1.4); frontal lobes of moderate width (FLD 0.14–0.19, FLI 25–29).
Similar species: Stenamma ignotum, S. nanozoi, S. picopicucha, S. sandinista, S. schmidti.
Worker description. (17 measured) HL 0.57–0.76 (0.61), HW 0.51–0.68 (0.57), FLD 0.14–0.19 (0.15), PCW 0.03–0.07 (0.03), SL 0.46–0.64 (0.50), EL 0.09–0.11 (0.09), ACL 0.45–0.59 (0.49), ML 0.68–1.00 (0.78), PrW 0.36–0.49 (0.40), PSL 0.08–0.14 (0.11), SDL 0.06–0.11 (0.09), PL 0.26–0.40 (0.31), PH 0.16–0.23 (0.19), PW 0.14–0.19 (0.16), PPL 0.12–0.22 (0.15), PPH 0.13–0.21 (0.16), PPW 0.16– 0.22 (0.18), MFL 0.50–0.72 (0.55), MTL 0.41–0.57 (0.45), CI 86–92 (92), SI 88–97 (89), REL 15–19 (16), FLI 25–29 (26), PSI 1.1–1.4 (1.3), MFI 93–104 (103), ACI1 65–69 (67), ACI2 92–99 (97).
Small- to medium-sized species; general body color dark red-brown (almost black) to brown, with appendages lighter, brown to yellow-brown toward extremities; setae golden; mandible with 6–7 teeth (usually 7), consisting of 3 larger, more distinct apical teeth, a basal tooth, and 2–3 smaller denticulate teeth, which are usually more worn, and sometimes indistinct; basal margin of mandible straight, without a basal notch or depression; mandible mostly smooth, except for scattered piligerous punctae, and a few basal striae; anterior clypeal margin entire, or at most with a nearly imperceptible median notch, only visible from anterodorsal view; median lobe of clypeus with faint longitudinal carinulae and some punctations, apex of lobe with a few short transverse carinulae, remainder of clypeus mostly smooth; posterior extension of clypeus between antennal insertions of moderate width (PCW 0.03–0.07), with sides subparallel to slightly hour-glass-shaped; frontal lobes of moderate width (FLD 0.14–0.19, FLI 25–29), not obscuring torular lobes in full-face view; head roughly oval-shaped (CI 86–92), posterior margin slightly depressed medially; eye of small to moderate size (EL 0.09–0.11, REL 15–19), oval-shaped, with 4–7 ommatidia at greatest diameter; face densely sculptured, mostly rugoreticulate, with a few longitudinal rugae along midline near frontal lobes; scape of moderate length (SI 88–97), almost reaching posterior margin of head when laid back; scape surface mostly smooth, with scattered piligerous punctae; flagellum with a distinct 4-segmented antennal club; most of mesosoma densely sculptured, dorsum of promesonotum rugoreticulate, or with irregular longitudinal rugae that only sometimes merge, side of pronotum variably rugulose-punctate, sometimes with a large patch of smooth cuticle, mesopleuron mostly punctate, with a few rugulae, side of propodeum rugulose-punctate, propodeal dorsum and upper half of declivity with a few transverse carinulae; promesonotum in profile low-domed, roughly symmetrical, sometimes dorsum slightly flattened; metanotal groove well-demarcated, moderate; propodeal spines tuberculate, often forming somewhat broad triangles (PSL 0.08–0.14, PSI 1.1–1.4); petiole appearing of moderate length (PL/HW 0.50–0.59), peduncle usually somewhat slender; petiolar node of moderate height to somewhat small (PH/PL 0.54–0.65), dorsum broadly rounded, and always pointing distinctly posteriad, area underneath node usually with a small concavity, or notch; postpetiole in profile subspherical to oblong, appearing slightly compressed anteroposteriorly; anterior faces of petiolar and postpetiolar nodes smooth, remaining surfaces mostly punctate, with a few rugulae on posterior half of postpetiole; gaster smooth, with scattered piligerous punctae; face with a mostly uniform layer of short decumbent setae; remainder of body dorsum with longer suberect setae; pilosity on gastral tergites indistinctly bilayered, with a relatively sparse layer of longer suberect to subdecumbent setae, and a sparser layer of decumbent to appressed setae; setae on scapes and legs mostly decumbent to appressed, with some suberect setae on femoral venters and coxae.
Queen description. (5 measured) HL 0.61–0.76 (0.61), HW 0.56–0.70 (0.57), FLD 0.15–0.21 (0.16), PCW 0.04–0.08 (0.04), SL 0.50–0.64 (0.50), EL 0.15–0.20 (0.15), ACL 0.48–0.61 (0.49), ML 0.84–1.11 (0.86), PrW 0.49–0.63 (0.49), PSL 0.11–0.16 (0.14), SDL 0.09–0.12 (0.10), PL 0.33–0.44 (0.34), PH 0.19–0.25 (0.19), PW 0.17–0.22 (0.18), PPL 0.15–0.22 (0.18), PPH 0.19–0.25 (0.19), PPW 0.18–0.27 (0.21), MFL 0.55– 0.73 (0.55), MTL 0.45–0.58 (0.45), CI 89–94 (94), SI 86–96 (86), REL 26–28 (26), FLI 27–31 (27), PSI 1.3–1.4 (1.4), MFI 93–104 (104), ACI1 64–67 (66), ACI2 94–98 (98).
Same as worker except for standard queen modifications and as follows: side of pronotum rugoreticulate to transversely rugose, center of pronotum transversely carinulate; mesoscutum mostly foveolate to longitudinally rugose, usually with some smooth cuticle along midline, foveolae when present piligerous; propodeum with transverse carinulae that wrap around surface; mesopleuron mostly smooth; pilosity on gastral tergites distinctly bilayered, with a sparse layer of longer suberect to subdecumbent setae and a dense layer of decumbent setae, lower layer usually almost pubescent, but sometimes less dense and longer; wing venation as in specimen CASENT0605471.
Male. Unknown.
Stenamma nonotch forms a clade with S. nanozoi, S. sandinista, and S. schmidti and is very similar to these species (Branstetter unpublished data). However, it is the only species within the clade to have the anterior clypeal margin entire, and the basal margin of the mandible straight. This feature makes it easy to distinguish from its close relatives. Stenamma nonotch is also similar to S. ignotum and S. picopicucha, which both have a straight basal margin of the mandible. However, neither of these species have the anterior clypeal margin entire.
There is some variation among populations of S. nonotch, with workers differing in size, sculpture, and shape of the propodeal spines and petiolar node. Branstetter (2013) splits this diversity into three variant forms. The type form (CASENT060578) includes all of the collections from Oaxaca, Mexico, which were collected below 700 m on the wetter side of the state. Variant 1 (CASENT0603920) occurs at the low-elevation locality Salto de Agua in Chiapas, Mexico. Compared to the type population, specimens are smaller, have a lighter red-brown coloration, have the propodeal spines slightly more robust and projecting dorsally, and have the petiolar node in profile somewhat anteroposteriorly compressed. Variant 2 (CASENT0603896) occurs at the mid-elevation locality Nahá in Chiapas, Mexico. It is smaller than the type form and has the propodeal spines noticeably reduced to sharp angles, rather than sharp, projecting tubercles. Lastly, variant 3 (CASENT0604711) is a high elevation version of S. nonotch, occurring mainly at the locality Coapilla in Chiapas, Mexico. Compared with the type form, it is larger, has darker coloration, and has a thicker petiolar node. Also, the ventral margin of the petiolar node is flat, rather than with a small concavity. Molecular data suggest that there is significant divergence among populations, but sympatry among forms has not been observed, and some populations have intermediate phenotypes. For these reasons the above are treated as intraspecific variants until more data become available.
The specific epithet nonotch refers to the fact that this species has the anterior clypeal margin entire, without a median emargination.
Type material. Holotype worker. MÉXICO, Oaxaca: 4.3km SW Valle Nacional, 17.74320°N, 96.32729°W ±40m, 370m, 13 Aug 2009, disturbed tropical rainforest, ex sifted leaf litter (L. Sáenz, collection LSD329) [USNM, specimen CASENT0605789]. Paratypes: same data as holotype [1dq, 1w, CAS, CASENT0605782, CASENT0605788], [1w, EAPZ, CASENT0605790], [1w, ECOSCE, CASENT0623408], [1w, FMNH, CASENT0623409], [1w, ICN, CASENT0623410], [1w, INBio, CASENT0623411], [1w, JTLC, CASENT0623412], [1w, LACM, CASENT0623413], [1w, MGBPC, CASENT0623414], [1dq, 1w, MCZ, CASENT0605784, CASENT0623415], [1w, MZSP, CASENT0623416], [1w, UCD, CASENT0623417], [1dq, 1w, UNAM, CASENT0605783, CASENT0623418], [1dq, 1w, USNM, CASENT0623407, CASENT0623419], [1w, UVGC, CASENT0623420].
Branstetter, M. G. 2012. Origin and diversification of the cryptic ant genus Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), inferred from multilocus molecular data, biogeography and natural history. Systematic Entomology 37:478-496. 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00624.x.
Branstetter, M. G. 2013. Revision of the Middle American clade of the ant genus Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 295:1-277. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.295.4905.
Found most commonly in these habitats: 37 times found in lowland rainforest, 29 times found in tropical rainforest, 2 times found in disturbed tropical rainforest, 13 times found in mesophil forest, 2 times found in mixed liquidambar forest, 6 times found in 2ndary liquidambar forest, 3 times found in 2º wet forest, 1 times found in Liquidambar, oak, pine forest, 1 times found in tropical wet forest, 2 times found in cloud forest, ...
Found most commonly in these microhabitats: 102 times ex sifted leaf litter, 4 times forest litter, 4 times sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), 1 times rotten treebase litter, 1 times ex litter.
Collected most commonly using these methods: 84 times MiniWinkler, 35 times Hojarasca berlese, 6 times Winkler, 9 times Berlese, 8 times MaxiWinkler, 3 times Berlese/Winkler, 1 times leaf litter extraction.
Elevations: collected from 130 - 2586 meters, 899 meters average
Type specimens: Holotype Stenamma nonotch: casent0605789; Paratype Stenamma nonotch: casent0605782, casent0605783, casent0605784, casent0605788, casent0605790
Madagascar
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