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Genus: Pheidole   Westwood, 1839 

Classification:

Current Valid Name:



Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2023)

Extant: 1,160 valid species, 124 valid subspecies

Fossil: 7 valid species

Pheidole Westwood, 1839a PDF: 219. Type-species: Atta providens, by monotypy. AntCat AntWiki HOL

Taxonomic history

Pheidole in Myrmicidae: Smith, 1871b PDF: 331; Cresson, 1887 PDF: 262.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877b PDF: 81.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1861 PDF: 69 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865 PDF: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Dours, 1873 PDF: 169 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1874 PDF: 81 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 463 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 88 [Myrmicinae]; Emery, 1896e PDF: 184 [Myrmicinae].
Pheidole as genus: all authors.
Pheidole as senior synonym of Conothorax Karavaiev, 1935: Smith, 1979: 1366; Snelling, 1981: 395; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15; Ogata, 1991b PDF: 90; Bolton, 1995b: 42; Tang et al., 1995: 54; Bolton, 2003 PDF: 235.
[Phidole: incorrect subsequent spelling by Bingham, 1903 PDF: 220.]
[Phidola: unjustified emendation of spelling by Schulz, 1906 PDF: 155.]
Genus Pheidole catalogues
Mayr, 1863a PDF: 424, 440 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole); Roger, 1863b PDF: 27, 30 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole); Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 463 (Europe); Cresson, 1887 PDF: 262 (U.S.A.); Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 88, 98 (Pheidole, Pheidolacanthinus); Emery, 1921c PDF: 76, 81, 81, 83, 83, 84 (Machomyrma, Pheidole (Macropheidole), Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus), Pheidole (Stegopheidole), Pheidole (Anisopheidole), Pheidole (Pheidole)); Emery, 1922c PDF: 110, 111, 112, 112, 112, 113, 114, 115, 115, 116 (Pheidole (Elasmopheidole), Pheidole (Trachypheidole), Pheidole (Scrobopheidole), Pheidole (Decapheidole), Pheidole (Ceratopheidole), Ischnomyrmex, Epipheidole, Sympheidole, Parapheidole, Anergatides); Wheeler, 1922: 806, 879 (Afrotropical Pheidole, Anergatides); Wheeler, 1922: 1017, 1021 (Malagasy Pheidole, Parapheidole); Chapman & Capco, 1951 PDF: 135, 137 (Asia Ceratopheidole, Conothorax, Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole); Smith, 1951c PDF: 799, 806, 807 (North America Pheidole, Epipheidole, Sympheidole); Ettershank, 1966 PDF: 129 (Anisopheidole); Kempf, 1972b PDF: 183 (Neotropical); Smith, 1979: 1365 (North America); Taylor & Brown, 1985: 54, 65, 74 (Australia Anisopheidole, Machomyrma, Pheidole); Taylor, 1987a PDF: 7, 53 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand Anisopheidole, Pheidole); Brandão, 1991 PDF: 368 (Neotropical); Bolton, 1995b: 63, 248, 316 (Anisopheidole, Machomyrma, Pheidole); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 366 (Afrotropical, Malagasy checklist).
Genus Pheidole references
Smith, 1858a PDF: 172 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861 PDF: 69, 70 (diagnosis, Europe species key); Mayr, 1865 PDF: 18, 22 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a PDF: 92, 96 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1870b PDF: 977, 979 (Australia & New World species keys); Mayr, 1876 PDF: 102 (Australia species key); André, 1883b: 382 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1879 PDF: 674 (Asia species key); Mayr, 1887 PDF: 582 (New World species key); Nasonov, 1889: 75 (Russia species key); Emery, 1895d PDF: 288 (North America species key); Mayr, 1896 PDF: 241 (Africa species, partial key); Emery, 1896g PDF: 80 (Pheidole flavens group, key); Forel, 1902c PDF: 165 (India species key); Forel, 1902g PDF: 523 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903 PDF: 223 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, 1908a PDF: 133 (Puerto Rico species key); Emery, 1916a PDF: 149 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1920a PDF: 414 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Mann, 1921 PDF: 442 (Fiji Is species key); Emery, 1921c PDF: 76, 78, 80, 81, 81, 83, 83, 84 (Machomyrma, Pheidole diagnosis, subgenera key, Pheidole (Macropheidole), Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus), Pheidole (Stegopheidole), Pheidole (Anisopheidole), Pheidole (Pheidole) diagnoses); Emery, 1922c PDF: 110, 111, 112, 112, 112, 113, 114, 115, 115, 116 (Pheidole (Elasmopheidole), Pheidole (Trachypheidole), Pheidole (Scrobopheidole), Pheidole (Decapheidole), Pheidole (Ceratopheidole), Ischnomyrmex, Epipheidole, Sympheidole, Parapheidole, Anergatides diagnoses); Wheeler, 1922: 126, 672 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Gallardo, 1932d PDF: 179 (Argentina Elasmopheidole species key); Finzi, 1936 PDF: 165 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a PDF: 298 (Himalaya species key); Cole, 1942 PDF: 362 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a PDF: 285 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a PDF: 163 (Pheidole Nearctic species key), 192 (Epipheidole Nearctic species), 194 (Sympheidole Nearctic species); Kusnezov, 1952d PDF: 61 (Argentina species key); Smith, 1955d PDF: 302 (Pheidole (Hendecapheidole) species key); Gregg, 1959 PDF: 9 (U.S.A. species key); Gregg, 1963: 407 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1963: 126 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Ettershank, 1966 PDF: 129 (Anisopheidole diagnosis, review of genus); Bernard, 1967a PDF: 149 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Gregg, 1969b PDF: 95 (addition to Gregg, 1959 PDF U.S.A. key); Alayo, 1974 PDF: 11 (Cuba species key); Allred, 1982: 441 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Ogata, 1982 PDF: 191 (Japan species key); Collingwood, 1985 PDF: 253 (Saudi Arabia species key); Naves, 1985 PDF: 54 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g PDF: 41 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b PDF: 271 (Balkans species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1990a: 123 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Ogata, 1991b PDF: 88 (diagnosis, Japan); Morisita et al., 1992: 22 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 345 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a PDF: 1051 (census); Wu & Wang, 1995a: 99 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 PDF: 322 (Saudi Arabia species key); Park & Kim, 2000a PDF: 109 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 125, 139, 152 (Australia Anisopheidole, Machomyrma, Pheidole, synopsis); Eguchi, 1999: 103 (Borneo Pheidole longipes group, key); Ward, 2000a PDF: 96 (U.S.A. Pheidole hyatti complex, key); Zhou, 2001a PDF: 121 (China, Guangxi species key); Eguchi, 2001b PDF: 10 (Borneo species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002 PDF: 149 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Wilson, 2003a: 27 (New World, all species revision, key); Moreau, 2008 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.020 PDF: 224 (phylogeny of genus); Eguchi, 2008 PDF: 8 (North Vietnam species key); Sarnat, 2008 PDF: 8 (Fiji Is Pheidole roosevelti group, key); Terayama, 2009 PDF: 171 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009 PDF: 169 (southwestern Australia species key); Eguchi et al., 2011 PDF: 23 (diagnosis, Vietnam synopsis); Sarnat & Moreau, 2011 PDF: 114 (Pheidole roosevelti group phylogeny and radiation); Fischer et al., 2012 PDF: 9 (Afrotropical Pheidole pulchella group key); Sarnat & Economo, 2012 PDF: 93 (Fiji Is species key); Fischer & Fisher, 2013 PDF: 308 (SW Indian Ocean islands species key); Economo et al., 2015 PDF: 1 (global phylogeny); Sarnat et al., 2015 10.3897/zookeys.543.6050 PDF: 13 (introduced species key); Baccaro et al., 2015 10.5281/zenodo.32912 PDF: 252 (genus in Brazil); Fischer et al., 2016 10.1371/journal.pone.0158544 PDF: 13 (Pheidole knowlesi group key); Sarnat et al., 2016 10.1371/journal.pone.0156709 PDF: 11 (Pheidole cervicornis group key); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 364 (diagnosis); Cantone, 2017 PDF: 226 (brief male diagnosis); Fernández & Serna, 2019 PDF: 868 (Colombia fauna); Serna et al., 2019 PDF: 919 (Colombia species, diagrammatic identifications); Salata & Fisher, 2020a 10.3897/zookeys.905.39592 PDF: 1 (Malagasy species groups), 9 (key to species groups from Madagascar); Salata & Fisher, 2020b 10.3897/zookeys.949.51269 PDF: 8 (Pheidole sikorae group key); Salata & Fisher, 2020c 10.11646/zootaxa.4843.1.1 PDF: 7 (key to Pheidole bessonii group); Casadei-Ferreira et al., 2020 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2020-0086 PDF: 5 (updated key to species from Brazilian grasslands); Salata & Fisher, 2021 10.1371/journal.pone.0244195 PDF: 7 (Malagasy Pheidole fervens group key); Heterick, 2021 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2021.001-245 PDF: 189 (Western Australia species key); Klunk et al., 2021 10.1098/rsif.2021.0318 PDF: 1 (mandible functional morphology); Zhong, 2021 10.11680/entomotax.2021035 PDF: 2 (key to species (Fujian, China major workers); Salata & Fisher, 2022 10.7717/peerj.13263 PDF: 1 (revision of Malagasy Pheidole megacephala species-group), 6 (Malagasy Pheidole megacephala species-group synopsis, diagnosis), 8 (key to Malagasy Pheidole megacephala species-group); Gómez et al., 2022 10.3897/zookeys.1104.81562 PDF: 133 (synoptic list of Pheidole pulchella species group), 145 (Pheidole pulchella species group key (minor workers), 147 (Pheidole pulchella species group key (major workers).

Taxon Page Images:

Pheidole morrisi (Orlando, Florida, USA).
Image copyright Alex Wild. // Distribution

Distribution:

  Geographic regions (According to curated Geolocale/Taxon lists):
    Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Juan de Nova Island, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Macaronesia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tromelin Island, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
    Americas: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Galapagos Islands, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, United States Virgin Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela
    Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Borneo, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Krakatau Islands, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Island, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen
    Europe: Albania, Andorra, Balearic Islands, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom
    Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna
  Biogeographic regions (According to curated Bioregion/Taxon lists):
    Afrotropical, Australasia, Indomalaya, Malagasy, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oceania, Palearctic
  Native biogeographic regions (according to species list records):
    Afrotropical, Australasia, Indomalaya, Malagasy, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oceania, Palearctic

Taxonomic Treatment (provided by Plazi)

Scientific Name Status Publication Pages ModsID GoogleMaps
Pheidole   Forel, A., 1891, Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie: Les Formicides., Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar., Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale, pp. 1-231: 169-170, (download) 169-170 6734
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wheeler, W. M., 1922, The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition., Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45, pp. 39-269: 126-127, (download) 126-127 20597
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Collingwood, C. A., 1979, The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark., Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8, pp. 1-174: 61-62, (download) 61-62 6175
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London: British Museum: 172-173, (download) 172-173 8127
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Sarnat, E. M., 2008, A taxonomic revision of the Pheidole roosevelti-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Fiji., Zootaxa 1767, pp. 1-36: 7-11, (download) 7-11 21683
Pheidole   Ward, P. S., 2005, A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 936, pp. 1-68: 35, (download) 35 21008
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367
Pheidole   Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T. & Yamane, S., 2011, Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae., Zootaxa 2878, pp. 1-61: 23-24, (download) 23-24 23462
Pheidole   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 35, (download) 35 21367


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