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Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2021)

// Distribution

Distribution:

  Geographic regions (According to curated Geolocale/Taxon lists):
    Americas: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela
  Biogeographic regions (According to curated Bioregion/Taxon lists):
    Neotropical

Distribution Notes:

Paraguay: Amambay, Cordillera

Comments:

J. Longino, 18 Aug 2014: Regarding Gnamptogenys wheeleri, I now have two collections from Costa Rica and one from Tambopata, Peru, that look identical and have a distinctively depressed dorsal face of the propodeum. Santschi (1929) observed this distinctive morphology and it is illustrated in his Figure 18. He associated the taxa G. rustica, wheeleri, and brasiliensis mayri with this feature, all new taxa described in his revision of Holcoponera. Brown (1958) left rustica and wheeleri as valid species but synonymized mayri under wheeleri, with no discussion. The type locality is Costa Rica for both wheeleri and mayri, and the images of types of both on AntWeb show the distinctive character, so this synonymy is probably solid. Lattke (1995) synonymized them all under striatula.

Gnamptogenys striatula and the form with the depressed propodeum are sympatric in Costa Rica and have different habitat preferences. The former is found in open, disturbed areas, and the latter is a mature forest species. Also, wheeleri has a square-cut anteroventral petiolar process, while the Costa Rican version of striatula has a rounded process without a posterior angle. I consider G. wheeleri a valid species and use this name to refer to this form. With my current knowledge, it occurs at least in Costa Rica and Peru. The relationship to G. rustica, from Paraguay, is unknown. Also, among the South American specimens associated with striatula there is a welter of variation in propodeal shape and the form of the ventral petiolar process. The group is clearly in need of more work in South America.

Taxonomic Treatment (provided by Plazi)

Specimen Habitat Summary

Found most commonly in these habitats: 15 times found in Semideciduous seasonal forest, 8 times found in 2º tropical rainforest, 9 times found in rainforest, 3 times found in montane forest, 5 times found in garden, 4 times found in secondary lowland rainforest, 1 times found in 2nd growth riparian forest, 2 times found in tropical dry forest, 1 times found in lowland rainforest, 3 times found in dry forest, ...

Found most commonly in these microhabitats: 33 times ex sifted leaf litter, 8 times in rotten log, 3 times strays, 1 times nest in dead wood on forest floor, 1 times under tree bark, 4 times under rock, 1 times nest under dead wood, 3 times Nest in rotten log on ground., 1 times nest in clasping petiole Diffenbachia, 2 times litter, 2 times ex sifted litter, ...

Collected most commonly using these methods: 19 times Winkler, 15 times search, 12 times MiniWinkler, 8 times Manual sampling, 0 times Berlesate of colonized litter bags (previously sterilized), 5 times Manual sampling in litter, 4 times Litter extracted in Berlese funnels, 2 times Epigaeic pitfall, 3 times Arboreal pitfall, 1 times Pitfall, 1 times Maxi Winkler, ...

Elevations: collected from 5 - 1350 meters, 351 meters average

Collect Date Range: collected between 1911-11-19 and 2020-03-12

Type specimens: syntype of Ectatomma curtula paulina: casent0907169; syntype of Ectatomma curtulum stolli: casent0907168; syntype of Ectatomma striatulum angustipleura: casent0907175; syntype of Ectatomma striatulum simplicoides: casent0907176; syntype of Ectatomma striatulum angustiloba: casent0907174; syntype of Ectatomma curtulum: casent0903839; syntype of Ectatomma obscurum: casent0903834; syntype of Gnamptogenys striatula: casent0900551, casent0915917; syntype of Holcoponera brasiliensis calcarata: casent0915123; syntype of Holcoponera brasiliensis mayri: casent0915130, casent0915921; syntype of Holcoponera brasiliensis pernambucana: casent0915125; syntype of Holcoponera brasiliensis simplicoides hybrida: casent0915124; syntype of Holcoponera emeryi recta: casent0915120; syntype of Holcoponera regularis: casent0915111; syntype of Holcoponera regularis arcuata: casent0915110; syntype of Holcoponera rustica: casent0915121; syntype of Holcoponera rustica wheeleri: casent0915129; syntype of Holcoponera striatula antillana: casent0915122; syntype of Holcoponera wasmanni isthmica: casent0915128; syntype of Holcoponera brasiliensis: casent0903837; syntype of Holcoponera curtula vollenweideri: casent0907170; type of Ectatomma striatulum: focol0866; type of Gnamptogenys striatula: focol2916, focol2917

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