andamanensis. Sima andamanensis Forel, 1903d: 403 (m.) INDIA (Andaman Is). Combination in Paratopula: Bolton, 1988b: 134.
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Philidris myrmecodiae andamanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEandamanensis. Iridomyrmex myrmecodiae var. andamanensis Forel, 1903d: 407 (w.m.) INDIA (Andaman Is). Combination in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma andamanense TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
andamanense. Tapinoma andamanensis Forel, 1903d: 407 (q.) INDIA (Andaman Is). Current subspecies: nominal plus capsincola.
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Bothriomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE34 species, 11 subspecies
Bothriomyrmex Emery, 1869c: 117. Type-species: Bothriomyrmex costae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bothriomyrmex in Formicinae: André, 1881b: 64 [Formicidae].
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 380 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 170; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1895e: 469; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 27; Forel, 1917: 248; Bondroit, 1918: 88; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 689; all subsequent authors to the following.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 54; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 84.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Iridomyrmecini, Bothriomyrmecina: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Bothriomyrmecini: Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Genus Bothriomyrmex references
Forel, 1878: 380 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 218 (Europe & Algeria species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 170 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 469 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 305 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 27 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690 (subgenera key); Emery, 1925e: 5 (European and Oriental species); Kratochvíl, 1941: 96 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 96 (Central Europe species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 187 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 260 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kutter, 1977c: 175 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 548 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 87 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Gösswald, 1985: 316 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 92 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 8 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans species key); Shattuck, 1992c: 54 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1994: 31 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 80 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 119 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 163 (Central Europe species key); Shattuck, 1999: 66 (Australia synopsis); Seifert, 2007: 148 (North and Central Europe species key).
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 122 species, 21 subspecies
Fossil: 53 species
Dolichoderus Lund, 1831a: 130. Type-species: Formica attelaboides, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dolichoderus in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 75.
Dolichoderus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae].
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 386 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Forel, 1895b: 107 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1895e: 462; Forel, 1899c: 98; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 77; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of DOLICHODERUS
Hypoclinea Mayr, 1855: 377 (attributed to Foerster). Type-species: Formica quadripunctata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 165.
Taxonomic history
Hypoclinea in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 57.
Hypoclinea in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 377 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 40 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 53 [Formicidae]; André, 1874: 168 [Formicidae].
Hypoclinea in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Hypoclinea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 18; Forel, 1917: 247; all subsequent authors.
Hypoclinea as genus: Mayr, 1855: 377; Mayr, 1865: 9; Mayr, 1868c: 53; Mayr, 1870b: 953; Smith, 1871a: 310; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Kempf, 1972a: 118; Lattke, 1987b: 259; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Mackay & Vinson, 1989b: 17; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 120.
Hypoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 234; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 77; Forel, 1917: 247; Borgmeier, 1923: 84; Clark, 1930b: 252; McAreavey, 1949: 17; Creighton, 1950a: 331; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 182; Kusnezov, 1956: 28; Kusnezov, 1959: 50; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1415; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 154.
Hypoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Bingham, 1903: 291; Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Mackay, 1993b: 6; Shattuck, 1994: 39; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 31; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Monacis Roger, 1862a: 233. Type-species: Formica bispinosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167.
Taxonomic history
Monacis in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Monacis in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 9; Forel, 1917: 247; all subsequent authors.
Monacis as genus: Roger, 1862a: 233; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Brown, 1950e: 249; Kempf, 1959b: 227; Kempf, 1972a: 141; Kempf, 1972c: 253; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Mackay & Vinson, 1989b: 20; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17.
Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 228; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 9; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; Borgmeier, 1923: 81; Kusnezov, 1956: 27; Kusnezov, 1959: 50.
Monacis as junior synonym of Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1862: 704.
Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Mackay, 1993b: 6; Shattuck, 1994: 39; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 35; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Monoceratoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) monoceros, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Monoceratoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68.
Monoceratoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17.
Monoceratoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 35; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Diceratoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus scabridus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Diceratoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 181.
Diceratoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249.
Diceratoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 26; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Acanthoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus doriae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Acanthoclinea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618.
Acanthoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69.
Acanthoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249.
Acanthoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 18; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Karawajewella Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926d: 424; junior homonym of Diabolus Gray, J.E. 1841: 400 (Mammalia).]
Karawajewella as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 39, 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 32; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Homonym replaced by Karawajewella
Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926d: 424 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Diabolus) bifurcatus (junior synonym of Dolichoderus cuspidatus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Diabolus Karavaiev junior homonym of Diabolus Gray, J.E. 1841: 400 (Mammalia).]
Diabolus as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68.
Genus Dolichoderus references
Roger, 1863b: 10, 14, 15 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea, Monacis catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 407, 423 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 9 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 75 (Hypoclinea diagnosis); Mayr, 1868c: 54 (†Baltic Amber species key); Mayr, 1870b: 955 (Hypoclinea species key); Mayr, 1876: 79 (Australia species key); André, 1882b: 225 (Europe & Algeria species); Mayr, 1886d: 435 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 156 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 462 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 292 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1905d: 306 (North America species key); Emery, 1913a: 7 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 9, 10 (D. (Monacis), D. (Hypoclinea), catalogues); Mann, 1916: 460 (Brazil D. (Dolichoderus) species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688 (subgenera key); Clark, 1930b: 253 (Australia D. (Hypoclinea) species key); Creighton, 1950a: 333 (North America D. (Hypoclinea) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 181 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1959b: 230 (Monacis, all species revision, key); Wheeler, J. 1963: 149 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 249 (diagnosis); Kempf, 1969: 292 (Neotropical D. (Dolichoderus) species key); Kempf, 1972a: 98, 118, 141 (Neotropical Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea, Monacis, catalogues); Kempf, 1972c: 253 (Monacis species, additions to 1959a key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1415 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 24 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Harada, 1987: 602 (Monacis species key); Lattke, 1987b: 263 (Neotropical D. bispinosus group, key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Johnson, 1989a: 5 (U.S.A. species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 340, 347, 356 (Neotropical catalogue); Shattuck, 1992c: 66 (diagnosis, review of genus); Mackay, 1993b: 17 (New World, all species revision, key); Radchenko, 1994b: 112 (South Siberia species key); Shattuck, 1994: 39 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 172 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 120 (China species key); Xu, 1995a: 34 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 68 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001b: 356 (China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 153 (China, Guangxi species key); Dill, 2002: 21, 30 (southeast Asia species groups key, D. cuspidatus group revision, key); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 416 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Dlussky, 2002b: 54 (Baltic & Rovno amber species); Dlussky, 2008b: 509 (Europe Eocene amber species key); Heterick, 2009: 45 (south-western Australia species key).
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Iridomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 79 species
Fossil:
Iridomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 653 (diagnosis in key), 702. Type-species: Formica detecta (junior synonym of Formica purpurea), by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 297.
Taxonomic history
Iridomyrmex in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 10 [Formicidae].
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 381 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 168; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1899c: 102; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 86; Arnold, 1915: 145; Forel, 1917: 248; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 689; Carpenter, 1930: 50; all subsequent authors; Jaffe, 1993: 9 (anachronism).
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 101; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 88.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Iridomyrmecini, Iridomyrmecina: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Leptomyrmecini: Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 362.
Genus Iridomyrmex references
Roger, 1863b: 13 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 10 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 76 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 381 (diagnosis); Cresson, 1887: 257 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 168 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 467 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 298 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 21 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 145 (diagnosis); Creighton, 1950a: 341 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 188 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 250 (diagnosis); Kempf, 1972a: 124 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1417 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 96 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 30 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Shattuck, 1992a: 14 (diagnosis); Shattuck, 1992c: 101 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1993a: 118 (I. purpureus group, key); Shattuck, 1993b: 1306 (I. calvus group, key); Shattuck, 1994: 99 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 217 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1996a: 37 (I. discors group); Shattuck, 1998: 303 (I. conifer group, key); Shattuck, 1999: 72 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2009: 48 (south-western Australia species key); Heterick & Shattuck, 2011: 22 (diagnosis, all species revision, key).
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Leptomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 27 species
Fossil: 1 species
Leptomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 652 (diagnosis in key), 695. Type-species: Formica erythrocephala, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Leptomyrmex in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae].
Leptomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 386 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 162; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Leptomyrmex in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Leptomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 106; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 89.
Leptomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Leptomyrmecini: Emery, 1913a: 15 [Leptomyrmicini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915d: 262 [Leptomyrmicii]; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; all subsequent authors except the above; then Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 362.
Genus Leptomyrmex references
Roger, 1863b: 10 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 426 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 7 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 162 (catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 15 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1915d: 264 (Australia species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1934c: 80 (all species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186 (Asia checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 103 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 35 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Brandão, 1991: 349 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1992c: 106 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1994: 115 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 234 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 74 (Australia synopsis); Smith, D.J. & Shattuck, 2009: 58 (micro-Leptomyrmex species key); Lucky & Ward, 2010: 1 (diagnosis, macro-Leptomyrmex species revision, keys).
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Turneria TRUE TRUE FALSE8 species
Turneria Forel, 1895f: 419. Type-species: Turneria bidentata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Turneria in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Turneria in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Turneria in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 21; Forel, 1917: 248; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 689; all subsequent authors.
Turneria in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 161; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 92.
Turneria in Dolichoderinae, Iridomyrmecini, Iridomyrmecina: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
Turneria in Dolichoderinae, Leptomyrmecini: Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 362.
Genus Turneria references
Emery, 1913a: 21 (diagnosis, catalogue); Mann, 1919: 362 (all species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 196 (Asia checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 107 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 80 (Australia checklist); Shattuck, 1990: 101 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Shattuck, 1992c: 161 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1994: 169 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 422 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 84 (Australia synopsis).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Liometopum TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 7 species
Fossil: 9 species
Liometopum Mayr, 1861: 38. Type-species: Formica microcephala, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Liometopum in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 38 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae]; André, 1874: 168 [Formicidae].
Liometopum in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 383 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 163; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1899c: 104; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Liometopum in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Liometopum in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 95; Forel, 1917: 248; Bondroit, 1918: 87; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; Carpenter, 1930: 46; subsequent authors except those below; then Jaffe, 1993: 9; Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Liometopum in Dolichoderinae, Liometopini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.
Liometopum in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 121; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 89.
Genus Liometopum references
Roger, 1863b: 14 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 427 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 9 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 383 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 220 (Europe & Algeria species); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 162 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 289 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1905e: 322 (North America species); Emery, 1913a: 19 (diagnosis, catalogue); Creighton, 1950a: 338 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 192 (Asia checklist); Gregg, 1963: 438 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Bernard, 1967: 253 (diagnosis); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1417 (North America catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 55 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Shattuck, 1992c: 121 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1994: 128 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 247 (catalogue); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 232 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Del Toro, Pacheco & Mackay, 2009: 306 (all species revision, key).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 64 species, 26 subspecies
Fossil: 4 species
Tapinoma Foerster, 1850a: 43. Type-species: Tapinoma collina (junior synonym of Formica erratica), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tapinoma in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 55.
Tapinoma in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 372 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 41 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 10 [Formicidae]; André, 1874: 168 [Formicidae]; André, 1881b: 63 [Formicidae].
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 385 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1895b: 109 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 164; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1899c: 101; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 38; Arnold, 1915: 152; Forel, 1917: 248; Bondroit, 1918: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; subsequent authors except those below; then Jaffe, 1993: 9; Dubovikov, 2005a: 91 (implied); Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91.
Junior synonyms of TAPINOMA
Micromyrma Dufour, 1857: 60. Type-species: Micromyrma pygmaea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica erratica, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167.]
Micromyrma as subgenus of Tapinoma: Menozzi, 1925a: 19; Santschi, 1928e: 472; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 192.
Micromyrma as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Mayr, 1863: 455; Forel, 1878: 385; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454; Dalla Torre, 1893: 164; Emery, 1913a: 38; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 923; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 837; Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 65.
Semonius Forel, 1910f: 21. Type-species: Semonius schultzei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Semonius in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Semonius in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 44; Arnold, 1915: 157; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; all subsequent authors.
Semonius as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Pseudaphomomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Aphomomyrmex emeryi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Dimorphomyrmecini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 721.
Pseudaphomomyrmex incertae sedis in Formicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Myrmelachistini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Bolton, 1994: 50.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258; Bolton, 2003: 106.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: LaPolla & Longino, 2006: 305.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as junior synonym of Aphomomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 44; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 721.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 1995b: 369; Bolton, 2003: 106.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Zatapinoma Wheeler, W.M. 1928a: 20. Type-species: Zatapinoma annandalei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Zatapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737; all subsequent authors.
Zatapinoma as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Neoclystopsenella Kurian, 1955: 133. Type-species: Neoclystopsenella luffae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Neoclystopsenella in Bethylidae: Kurian, 1955: 133.
Neoclystopsenella in Dolichoderinae: Brown, 1988a: 337.
Neoclystopsenella as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Brown, 1988a: 337; Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Genus Tapinoma references
Mayr, 1855: 372 (diagnosis); Smith, F. 1858b: 55 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 13, 14 (Tapinoma, Micromyrma catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 10 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 78 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 222 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 164 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 304 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 38 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 44 (Semonius diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 152, 157 (diagnosis, South Africa species key, Semonius diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695 (Pseudaphomomyrmex diagnosis, in key). Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 923, 927 (Afrotropical Tapinoma, Semonius catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1034 (Malagasy catalogue); Emery, 1925d: 63 (Palaearctic species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 33 (Turkestan species key); Smith, M.R. 1928a: 311 (North America species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 79 (Czechoslovakia species key); Creighton, 1950a: 352 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 192, 196 (Asia Semonius, Tapinoma, Zatapinoma checklists); Bernard, 1967: 254 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Boven, 1970b: 24 (Netherlands species key); Kempf, 1972a: 246 (Neotropical catalogue); Tarbinsky, 1976: 118 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Kutter, 1977c: 178 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 547 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 87 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1421 (North America catalogue); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 421 (Malta species key); Gösswald, 1985: 317 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 106 (Australia catalogue); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans species key); Taylor, 1987a: 77 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 168 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 380 (Neotropical catalogue); Shattuck, 1992c: 146 (diagnosis, review of genus); Arakelian, 1994: 72 (Armenia species key); Shattuck, 1994: 140 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 399 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 116 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 360 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 165 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 40 (Britain species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 20 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 81 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 151 (China, Guangxi species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 135 (Poland species key); Seifert, 2007: 149 (North and Central Europe species key); Heterick, 2009: 58 (south-western Australia species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011: 13 (Malagasy males).
Formicinae Lasiini Acropyga TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 40 species
Fossil: 1 species
Acropyga Roger, 1862a: 242. Type-species: Acropyga acutiventris,
by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Acropyga in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 379 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 174.
Acropyga in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1886f: 212; Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 107; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 88; Forel, 1917: 249.
Acropyga in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695; Emery, 1925b: 27; all subsequent authors except the two following.
Acropyga incertae sedis in Formicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.
Acropyga in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Acropyga in Formicinae, Lasiini: Bolton, 2003: 22, 94.
Acropyga as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Mayr, 1863: 394.
Acropyga as genus: Roger, 1862a: 242; Smith, F. 1871a: 319; Forel, 1878: 379; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of ACROPYGA.
Rhizomyrma Forel, 1893g: 347 [as subgenus of Acropyga]. Type-species: Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) goeldii, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 172.
Taxonomic history
Rhizomyrma in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1893g: 347; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 249.
Rhizomyrma in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695.
Rhizomyrma as genus: Emery, 1906c: 182; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Bruch, 1914: 227; Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 46; Forel, 1917: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695; Kusnezov, 1956: 33; Kusnezov, 1964: 68.
Rhizomyrma as subgenus of Acropyga: Forel, 1893g: 347; Forel, 1912m: 771; Emery, 1925b: 29; subsequent authors except below; Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 95.
Rhizomyrma as junior synonym of Acropyga: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18; LaPolla, 2004a: 16.
Atopodon Forel, 1912m: 771 [as subgenus of Acropyga]. Type-species: Acropyga (Atopodon) inezae, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.
Taxonomic history
[Atopodon also described as new by Forel, 1913k: 100.]
Atopodon in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1917: 249.
Atopodon in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695.
Atopodon as subgenus of Rhizomyrma: Forel, 1917: 249.
Atopodon as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695.
Atopodon as subgenus of Acropyga: Forel, 1912m: 771; Forel, 1913k: 100; Emery, 1925b: 30; subsequent authors except below; Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 95.
Atopodon as junior synonym of Acropyga: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18; LaPolla, 2004a: 16.
Malacomyrma Emery, 1922d: 109 [as subgenus of Acropyga]. Type-species: Acropyga silvestrii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Malacomyrma in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Malacomyrma as subgenus of Acropyga: Emery, 1922d: 109; Emery, 1925b: 30; subsequent authors except below; Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 95.
Malacomyrma as junior synonym of Acropyga: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18; LaPolla, 2004a: 16.
Genus Acropyga references
Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Forel, 1878: 379 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 174 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 332 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 928 (Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 27 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 29, 30 (A. (Rhizomyrma, Atopodon & Malacomyrma) diagnoses, catalogues); Weber, 1944: 91 (Neotropical A. (Rhizomyrma) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 210 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 16 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1423 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 107 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 5 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al., 1991: 14 (Japan species key); Wang, C. & Wu, 1992a: 227 (China species key); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1047 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 57 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 86 (Australia synopsis); Terayama, Fellowes & Zhou, 2002: 22 (diagnosis, East Asian species key); LaPolla, 2004a: 16 (diagnosis, all species revision, New World species key: 23, Old World species key: 27); LaPolla & Fisher, 2005: 601 (Afrotropical species, key); LaPolla, Schultz, et al. 2006: 197 (phylogeny); Terayama, 2009: 204 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 60 (south-western Australia species key).
Formicinae Lasiini Anoplolepis TRUE TRUE FALSE9 species, 5 subspecies
Anoplolepis Santschi, 1914b: 123 [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Formica longipes (junior primary homonym in Formica; Formica gracilipes first available replacement name: Bolton, 1995b: 67), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anoplolepis in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1922: 593.
Anoplolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 16; Santschi, 1926a: 13; all subsequent authors except the following.
Anoplolepis in Formicinae [part in Oecophylla genus group, part in Pseudolasius genus group]: Agosti, 1991: 295, 296.
Anoplolepis in Formicinae, Lasiini: Bolton, 2003: 22, 95.
Anoplolepis as subgenus of Plagiolepis: Santschi, 1914b: 123; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1922: 593; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696.
Anoplolepis as genus: Emery, 1925b: 16; Santschi, 1926a: 13; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of ANOPLOLEPIS
Zealleyella Arnold, 1922: 579 (diagnosis in key) [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Formica custodiens, by subsequent designation of Santschi, 1926a: 14.
Taxonomic history
Zealleyella as subgenus of Plagiolepis: Arnold, 1922: 579.
Zealleyella as subgenus of Anoplolepis: Santschi, 1926a: 14.
Zealleyella as junior synonym of Anoplolepis: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Bolton, 2003: 96, 267.
Genus Anoplolepis references
Arnold, 1922: 593 (South Africa, species); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 931, 1036 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 16 (diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1926a: 13 (subgenera diagnoses); Santschi, 1937g: 83 (subgenera key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 213 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 22 (Neotropical catalogue); Prins, 1982: 235 (South Africa A. (Zealleyella) partial revision, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 108 (Australia catalogue); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 66 (catalogue); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 362 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 88 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 2003: 267 (genus diagnosis).
Formicinae Lasiini Cladomyrma TRUE TRUE FALSE12 species
Cladomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Aphomomyrmex hewitti, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cladomyrma in Formicinae, Dimorphomyrmecini: Emery, 1925b: 45 [subtribe Brachymyrmecini]; Donisthorpe, 1937a: 620; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633.
Cladomyrma in Formicinae, Myrmelachistini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 697; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 208; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Cladomyrma incertae sedis in Formicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.
Cladomyrma in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Cladomyrma in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 12; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Cladomyrma in Formicinae, Lasiini: Bolton, 2003: 22, 96.
Genus Cladomyrma references
Emery, 1925b: 45 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 208 (Asia checklist); Agosti, 1991: 293 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 145 (catalogue); Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 6 (revision, queens all species key).
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 100 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil: 22 species, 1 subspecies
Lasius Fabricius, 1804: 415. Type-species: Formica nigra, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 338.
Taxonomic history
[Lasius Jurine, 1801: 164 (Apidae), resurrected by Morice & Durrant, 1915: 421, later suppressed by Act of Commission.]
Lasius in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 49 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 42 [Formicidae].
Lasius in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 374 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 452 [Camponotidae]; Forel, 1886f: 206; Dalla Torre, 1893: 181.
Lasius in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 206.
Lasius in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 103; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 127; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 120.
Lasius in Formicinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Carpenter, 1930: 58; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 201; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 651; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Lasius in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655.
Lasius in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Lasius in Formicinae, Lasiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Emery, 1925b: 226; all subsequent authors except the entries above; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 2003: 22, 96.
Lasius as junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Forel, 1916: 460; Donisthorpe, 1916c: 276; Morice & Durrant, 1917: 442. Donisthorpe, 1927b: 206; Donisthorpe, 1937d: 132; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
Lasius as junior synonym of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 61; Emery, 1916b: 239; Emery, 1917a: 96; Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170; Bondroit, 1918: 19.
Lasius as genus: Fabricius, 1804: 415; Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1925b: 226; Wilson, 1955a: 11; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of LASIUS
Donisthorpea Morice & Durrant, 1915: 423. Type-species: Formica nigra, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Unnecessary replacement name for Lasius Fabricius.]
Donisthorpea in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
Donisthorpea as genus: Morice & Durrant, 1915: 423; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 184.
Donisthorpea as subgenus of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 11; Emery, 1916b: 240.
Donisthorpea as subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 229; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
Donisthorpea as junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Forel, 1916: 460; Morice & Durrant, 1917: 442; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209.
Donisthorpea as junior synonym of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1925b: 226; Wilson, 1955a: 11. [Lasius and Donisthorpea share the same type-species; synonymy is therefore absolute.]
†Tylolasius Zhang, 1989: 295. Type-species: †Tylolasius inflatus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Tylolasius incertae sedis in Formicinae: Bolton, 2003: 28, 131.
†Tylolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Hong, Wu & Ren, 2001: 348.
Subgenera of LASIUS include the nominal plus the following.
Subgenus LASIUS (ACANTHOMYOPS)
Acanthomyops Mayr, 1862: 652 (diagnosis in key), 699. Type-species: Formica clavigera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Acanthomyops in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae].
Acanthomyops in Camponotinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1917: 249.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 651; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258; Jaffe, 1993: 14.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Lasiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384 (misspelled as Acanthomyrmex); Emery, 1925b: 236; all subsequent authors except for those above.
Acanthomyops as junior synonym of Lasius: Mayr, 1866b: 888; Dalla Torre, 1893: 181.
Acanthomyops as subgenus of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 11; Forel, 1917: 249.
Acanthomyops as genus: Mayr, 1862: 699; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618; Creighton, 1950a: 426; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 150; Wing, 1968: 47; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 2003: 94.
Acanthomyops as subgenus of Lasius: Emery, 1893i: 642; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 236; Buren, 1950: 188; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 852; Gregg, 1963: 453; Ward, 2005: 13.
Subgenus LASIUS (DENDROLASIUS)
Dendrolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica fuliginosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Dendrolasius also described as new by Ruzsky, 1914a: 59.]
Dendrolasius as subgenus of Formicina: Forel, 1917: 249.
Dendrolasius as subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 211; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 637.
Dendrolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Ruzsky, 1912: 630; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 235; Wilson, 1955a: 14; all subsequent authors except the following.
Dendrolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional].
Subgenus LASIUS (CHTHONOLASIUS)
Chtonolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica umbrata, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1925b: 232.
Taxonomic history
[Chtonolasius also described as new by Ruzsky, 1914a: 59. The claim by some authors (e.g. Emery, 1916a: 11; Donisthorpe, 1941f: 37; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633) that Ruzsky nominated Lasius flavus as type-species is incorrect. Ruzsky (1912: 630) included those species "with the appearance of the yellow Lasius (Las. flavus D.G.) and its closely related species, and races (Las. carniolicus, Las. umbratus, Las. myops, Las. mixtus)". This is not a direct nomination of a type-species, nor is De Geer (= D.G.) the author of flavus: Bolton, 1995b: 24.]
Chthonolasius justified emendation of spelling: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170.
Chthonolasius as junior synonym of Formicina: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1916a: 11.
Chthonolasius as subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 254.
Chthonolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Ruzsky, 1912: 630; Ruzsky, 1914a: 59; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 231; Wilson, 1955a: 13; all subsequent authors except the following.
Chthonolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Subgenus LASIUS (CAUTOLASIUS)
Cautolasius Wilson, 1955a: 13 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica flava, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cautolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Cautolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Bolton, 2003: 97.
Subgenus LASIUS (AUSTROLASIUS)
Austrolasius Faber, 1967: 74 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Lasius carniolicus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Austrolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Autrolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Bolton, 2003: 97.
Genus Lasius references
Mayr, 1861: 49 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 425 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 8 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 74 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 179 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 46 (Switzerland species key); Forel, 1878: 374 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 191 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 257 (U.S.A. catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 236 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 64 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 181 (catalogue); Emery, 1893i: 637 (North America species key); Bingham, 1903: 339 (India species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 264 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 10 (Luxemburg species key); Bondroit, 1910: 484 (Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910e: 237 (North America L. umbratus forms, key); Stitz, 1914: 82 (Central Europe species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 188 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 243 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 591 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Bondroit, 1918: 19 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698 (subgenera key); Emery, 1925b: 226 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 231 (L. (Chthonolasius) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 235 (L. (Dendrolasius) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 236 (L. (Acanthomyops) diagnosis, catalogue); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e: 186 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 277 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 206 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 602 (Russia species key); Karavaiev, 1936: 193 (Ukraine species key); Stärcke, 1937: 57 (Europe L. umbratus group, key); Menozzi, 1939a: 313 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 267 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 100 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 100 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 373 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 174 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 296 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Stärcke, 1944a: 157 (Europe L. niger group, key); Boven, 1947: 184 (Belgium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 418 (North America Lasius species key); Creighton, 1950a: 428 (North America Acanthomyops species key); Buren, 1950: 188 (Acanthomyops queens, key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 201 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1955a: 13 (subgenera review); Wilson, 1955a: 26 (Nearctic Lasius species revision, key); Wilson, 1955a: 28 (Palaearctic species revision, key); Boven, 1959: 11 (Netherlands species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 177 (U.S.A., North Dakota Lasius species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 195 (U.S.A., North Dakota Acanthomyops species key); Gregg, 1963: 453 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Collingwood, 1963: 155 (Europe L. umbratus group species key); Collingwood, 1964: 107 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 349 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Wing, 1968: 53 (Acanthomyops diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bourne, 1973: 19 (Britain species key); Boven, 1970b: 28 (Netherlands species key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 7 (Britain species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 133 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 135 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 208 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 555 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 89 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 92 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1435 (North America Lasius catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1440 (North America Acanthomyops catalogue); Yamauchi, 1979: 147 (Japan species keys); Allred, 1982: 444 (U.S.A., Utah Acanthomyops species key); Allred, 1982: 450 (U.S.A., Utah Lasius species key); Collingwood, 1982: 283 (Himalayan species key); Gösswald, 1985: 268 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 64 (U.S.A., Nevada Lasius species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 68 (U.S.A., Nevada Acanthomyops species key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 70 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 281 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Seifert, 1988a: 143 (Europe L. (Chthonolasius) species key); Kupyanskaya, 1989: 781 (East Palaearctic L. (Dendrolasius) species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 158 (Turkmenistan species key); Seifert, 1990: 1 (supplement to European L. (Chthonolasius)); Agosti & Bolton, 1990b: 149 (characters); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 211 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al., 1991: 24 (Japan species key); Agosti, 1991: 295 (Lasius genus group diagnosis); Seifert, 1992b: 48 (Palaearctic L. (Lasius) species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 232 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 111 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Radchenko, 1994b: 114 (South Siberia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 53 (Acanthomyops catalogue); Bolton, 1995b: 221 (Lasius catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 92 (Sweden species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 361 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 153 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 179 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 42 (Britain species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 22 (Portugal species key); Zhou, 2001b: 187 (China, Guangxi species key); Blacker & Collingwood, 2002: 44 (British species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 154 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 237 (U.S.A., New Mexico Acanthomyops species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 331 (U.S.A., New Mexico Lasius species key); Radchenko, 2005a: 93 (East Palaearctic L. (Dendrolasius) species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 190 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 159 (North and Central Europe species key); Terayama, 2009: 207 (Taiwan species key).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Euprenolepis TRUE TRUE FALSE8 species
Euprenolepis Emery, 1906b: 134 [as subgenus of Prenolepis]. Type-species: Prenolepis procera, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Euprenolepis in Camponotinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143.
Euprenolepis in Camponotinae, Prenolepidini: Forel, 1917: 249.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 645.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 223; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 102.
Euprenolepis as subgenus of Prenolepis: Emery, 1906b: 134; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1917: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 697.
Euprenolepis as subgenus of Paratrechina: Emery, 1925b: 223; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 645; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 218.
Euprenolepis as genus: Brown, 1953h: 6; Bolton, 1994: 50; LaPolla, 2009: 6.
Junior synonym of EUPRENOLEPIS
Chapmanella Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 41. Type-species: Chapmanella negrosensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Chapmanella in Formicinae, Lasiini: Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 44.
Chapmanella in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214.
Chapmanella as junior synonym of Euprenolepis: Brown, 1953h: 6; all subsequent authors.
Genus Euprenolepis references
Emery, 1925b: 223 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214 (Asia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 189 (catalogue); LaPolla, 2009: 6 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 124 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota TRUE TRUE FALSE81 species, 51 subspecies
Lepisiota Santschi, 1926a: 15 [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis rothneyi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Lepisiota first available replacement name for Acantholepis Mayr, 1861 (junior homonym of Acantholepis Kroyer, 1846: 98 (Pisces)), hence valid name of genus: Bolton, 1995b: 33.]
Lepisiota in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 23.
[Lepisiota incorrectly as junior synonym of Acanthomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 181; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 397. In both publications Acanthomyrmex is an error for Acantholepis.]
Junior synonym of LEPISIOTA
Baroniurbania Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990: 4. Unnecessary replacement name for Acantholepis Mayr (junior homonym).
Taxonomic history
Baroniurbania as junior synonym of Lepisiota: Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 102.
Baroniurbania as subgenus of Lepisiota: Dietrich, 2004: 324.
Genus Lepisiota references
[Note. Entries prior to Bolton, 1995b: 44, refer to genus as Acantholepis.]
Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 9 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 378 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 210 (Europe & Algeria species key); Forel, 1892a: 41 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 171 (catalogue); Forel, 1894c: 411 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 315 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1920a: 554 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 214, 934, 1036 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 23 (diagnosis, catalogue); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929c: 480 (Turkestan species key); Finzi, 1936: 188 (Egypt species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 209 (Asia checklist); Collingwood, 1985: 292 (Saudi Arabia species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 281 (Balkans species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 205 (Bulgaria species key); Xu, 1994c: 232 (China species key); Arakelian, 1994: 80 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 226 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 128 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 363 (Saudi Arabia species key); Zhou, 2001b: 167 (China, Guangxi species key).
Homonym replaced by LEPISIOTA
Acantholepis Mayr, 1861: 42. Type-species: Hypoclinea frauenfeldi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Acantholepis Kroyer, 1846: 98 (Pisces)].
Acantholepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 42 [Formicinae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae].
Acantholepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 378 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 171.
Acantholepis in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1886f: 212; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 88; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1920a: 554.
Acantholepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 23; Santschi, 1926a: 15; all subsequent authors except the following.
Acantholepis in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
[Achantilepis Santschi, 1935b: 274, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
[Pseudacantholepis Bernard, 1953b: 256 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Bernard (1953) are all referable to Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 44.]
1 species
Paratrechina Motschoulsky, 1863: 13. Type-species: Paratrechina currens (junior synonym of Formica longicornis), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170.
Taxonomic history
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 682.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 218; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Myrmelachistinini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 652; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 216; Stitz, 1939: 379; Bernard, 1953b: 257; Kempf, 1972a: 182; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1442; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Jaffe, 1993: 14; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 104.
Paratrechina as junior synonym of Prenolepis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 177; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 940.
Paratrechina as genus: Emery, 1925b: 216; all subsequent authors.
Genus Paratrechina references
References prior to 2010 also include Nylanderia and Paraparatrechina.
André, 1882b: 203 (Europe & Algeria species key); Forel, 1894c: 406 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 941, 1037 (Afrotropical, Malagasy P. (Nylanderia) catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 216 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 217 (P. (Nylanderia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 224 (Andragnathus diagnosis, catalogue); Finzi, 1936: 191 (Egypt species key); Buren, 1944a: 295 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 404 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 197, 214, 218 (Asia Andragnathus, Nylanderia, Paratrechina checklists); Kusnezov, 1956: 32 (Argentina species key); Bernard, 1967: 347 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 166, 182 (Neotropical Nylanderia, Paratrechina catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 26 (Cuba species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 556 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1442 (North America, catalogue); Trager, 1984b: 65 (Nearctic species revision, key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 64 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Collingwood, 1985: 298 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 129 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 52 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Brandão, 1991: 365 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1991: 20 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 312 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 150 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 369 (Saudi Arabia species key); Terayama, 1999c: 50 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 104 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 177 (China, Guangxi species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 354 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Terayama, 2009: 210 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 104 (south-western Australia species key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Plagiolepis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 57 species, 19 subspecies
Fossil: 10 species
Plagiolepis Mayr, 1861: 42. Type-species: Formica pygmaea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Plagiolepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 42 [Formicinae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 36 [Formicidae].
Plagiolepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 378 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 172.
Plagiolepis in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1886f: 212; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 88; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 100; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1920a: 578.
Plagiolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 19; Santschi, 1926a: 14; all subsequent authors except the one below; Bolton, 2003: 23, 105.
Plagiolepis in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Junior synonyms of PLAGIOLEPIS
†Rhopalomyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 41. Type-species: †Rhopalomyrmex pygmaeus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Rhopalomyrmex in Formicinae: Mayr, 1868c: 41 [Formicidae].
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 376 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 175.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae, Myrmelachistini: Forel, 1912i: 89.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 103.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 724; Bolton, 1994: 51.
†Rhopalomyrmex as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Dlussky, 1997: 624; Bolton, 2003: 105.
Anacantholepis Santschi, 1914e: 36 [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) decora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Anacantholepis as genus: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 212.
Anacantholepis as subgenus of Plagiolepis: Santschi, 1914e: 36 Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1922: 581; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 22; Bolton, 1994: 51.
Anacantholepis as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Bolton, 2003: 105, 268.
Aporomyrmex Faber, 1969: 52. Type-species: Aporomyrmex ampeloni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Aporomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Faber, 1969: 52 (by implication).
Aporomyrmex as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 51; all subsequent authors.
Paraplagiolepis Faber, 1969: 65 [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis xene, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paraplagiolepis as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 51; all subsequent authors.
Genus Plagiolepis references
Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 442 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 7 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 73 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 376, 378 (†Rhopalomyrmex, Plagiolepis diagnoses); André, 1882b: 208 (Europe & Algeria species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 172, 175 (Plagiolepis, †Rhopalomyrmex, catalogue); Forel, 1894c: 414 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 320 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1920a: 578 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Arnold, 1922: 579 (South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 211, 696, 928, 1035 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 19 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 22 (P. (Anacantholepis) diagnosis, catalogue); Stitz, 1939: 231 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 98 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 98 (Central Europe species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 212, 213 (Asia Anacantholepis, Plagiolepis checklists); Bernard, 1967: 272 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 205 (Neotropical catalogue); Kutter, 1977c: 185 (Switzerland species key); Collingwood, 1978: 89 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1422 (North America, catalogue); Gösswald, 1985: 264 (Germany species key); Collingwood, 1985: 297 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 130 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 55 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 280 (Balkans species key); Radchenko, 1989b: 153 (European former U.S.S.R. species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 161 (Turkmenistan species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1991: 16 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 201 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 78 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 334 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 130 (China species key); Radchenko, 1996a: 178 (Central & Southern Palaearctic species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 362 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 178 (Central Europe species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 22 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 106 (Australia synopsis); Seifert, 2007: 158 (North and Central Europe species key); Terayama, 2009: 213 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 106 (south-western Australia species key); Dlussky, 2010: 72 (Eocene European amber species key).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 19 species, 6 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Prenolepis Mayr, 1861: 52. Type-species: Tapinoma nitens, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 325.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica imparis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1906b: 134, repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 171 and Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 940.]
Prenolepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 52 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 32 [Formicidae].
Prenolepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 377 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 177.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 209.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 103; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 125; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Prenolepidini: Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 117; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1922: 605.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 697; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 219; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 685.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 651; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 224; Stitz, 1939: 379, Kempf, 1972a: 209; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1444; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Jaffe, 1993: 14; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 105.
Genus Prenolepis references
Roger, 1863b: 10 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 451 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 7 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 71 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 947 (all species key); Forel, 1878: 377 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 203 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 257 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 177 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 326 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1910a: 127 (Palaearctic species key); Arnold, 1922: 605 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 216, 697, 940 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 224 (diagnosis, catalogue); Creighton, 1950a: 410 (North America species review); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 219 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 209 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1442 (North America catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 363 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 137 (China species key); Xu, 1995c: 338 (Southern & Eastern Asia species key); Fontenla Rizo, 2000: 81 (Antilles Is species key); Zhou, 2001b: 170 (China, Guangxi species key); Wang, W. & Wu, 2007: 721 (China species key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 129 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 45 species, 15 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Pseudolasius Emery, 1887a: 244. Type-species: Formica familiaris, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 337.
Taxonomic history
Pseudolasius in Camponotinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 180.
Pseudolasius in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 133; Forel, 1917: 249.
Pseudolasius in Formicinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 203; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Pseudolasius in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722.
Pseudolasius in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 214; all subsequent authors except the post-1925 entries above and below; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Pseudolasius in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Pseudolasius in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 106.
Junior synonym of PSEUDOLASIUS
Nesolasius Wheeler, W.M. 1935b: 50 [as subgenus of Pseudolasius]. Type-species: Pseudolasius (Nesolasius) typhlops, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nesolasius as junior synonym of Pseudolasius: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 50; all subsequent authors.
Genus Pseudolasius references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 180 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 337 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911a: 214 (all species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 218, 943 (diagnosis, Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 214 (diagnosis, catalogue); Menozzi, 1924b: 226 (Afrotropical species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 203 (Asia checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 144 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 66 (Australia checklist); Agosti, 1991: 296 (Pseudolasius genus group diagnosis); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 369 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 134 (China species key); Xu, 1997: 2 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 112 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 184 (China, Guangxi species key); LaPolla, 2004b: 97 (Afrotropical species key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 129 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Camponotini Calomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE9 species, 5 subspecies
Calomyrmex Emery, 1895j: 772. Type-species: Formica laevissima, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Calomyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 250.
Calomyrmex in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 700; Emery, 1925b: 174; all subsequent authors except the following.
Calomyrmex in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Genus Calomyrmex references
Emery, 1896d: 378 (catalogue); Emery, 1898a: 227 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 174 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 220 (Asia checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 108 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 10 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 82 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 89 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 2003: 112 (synopsis); Heterick, 2009: 60 (south-western Australia species key).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 1,058 species, 495 subspecies
Fossil: 31 species
Camponotus Mayr, 1861: 35. Type-species: Formica ligniperda, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 347.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica herculeana, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 259, repeated in Arnold, 1922: 612.]
Camponotus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 35 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 26 [Formicidae].
Camponotus in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 447 [Camponotidae]; Forel, 1892j: 223 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 171.
Camponotus in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 141; Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 101; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 130; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 138; Forel, 1917: 250; Arnold, 1922: 610.
Camponotus in Formicinae, Camponotini: Bondroit, 1918: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 703; Emery, 1925b: 59; all subsequent authors except the following.
Camponotus in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Camponotus as subgenus of Formica: Smith, F. 1871a: 306.
Camponotus as genus: all authors except the entry above.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS
†Paleosminthurus Pierce & Gibron, 1962: 146. Type-species: †Paleosminthurus juliae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Paleosminthurus in Collembola, family †Paleosminthuridae: Pierce & Gibron, 1962: 146.
†Paleosminthurus incertae sedis in Formicidae: Najt, 1987: 152.
†Paleosminthurus incertae sedis in Formicinae: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
†Paleosminthurus in †Paleosmithurinae: Bolton, 1994: 187 [provisional subfamily status]; Bolton, 1995b: 14, 311; Bolton, 2003: 76, 263.
†Paleosminthurus as junior synonym of Camponotus: Snelling (pers. comm., 2004). [Synonymy remained unpublished at his death in 2008.]
†Shanwangella Zhang, 1989: 307. Type-species: †Shanwangella palaeoptera, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Shanwangella as junior synonym of Camponotus: Hong & Wu, 2000: 20.
Subgenera of CAMPONOTUS include the nominal plus the following.
All the subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Camponotus by Brown, 1973b: 179 - 185. Brown's list was repeated in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18 but with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms; subgeneric status was reinstated in Bolton, 1994: 50. These consecutive entries are not repeated individually below.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (COLOBOPSIS)
Colobopsis Mayr, 1861: 38. Type-species: Formica truncata, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 342.
Taxonomic history
Colobopsis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 38 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae].
Colobopsis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 368 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1897: 449 [Camponotidae].
Colobopsis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 193; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Colobopsis in Formicinae, Camponotini: Bondroit, 1918: 65; Emery, 1925b: 144; all subsequent authors.
Colobopsis as genus: Mayr, 1861: 38; Mayr, 1862: 652; Mayr, 1865: 7; Mayr, 1870b: 940; Forel, 1878: 368; Forel, 1879a: 125; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 449; André, 1882b: 159; Bingham, 1903: 342; Forel, 1886f: 193; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 66; Jaffe, 1993: 14.
Colobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1889b: 517; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219; Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1893b: 435; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1904b: 139; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 90; Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 247; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 144; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 634; Creighton, 1950a: 390; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 222; Kempf, 1972a: 42; Smith, D.R., 1979: 1433; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Junior synonyms of CAMPONOTUS (COLOBOPSIS)
Condylomyrma Santschi, 1928c: 72 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Condylomyrma) bryani, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Condylomyrma as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1928c: 72.
Condylomyrma as junior synonym of Colobopsis: Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 422 (in text).
[Campylomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 421 (in text), incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Dolophra Wu, J. & Wang, 1994: 35. Type-species: Dolophra politae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dolophra as genus: Wu, J. & Wang, 1994: 35; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 158.
Dolophra as junior synonym of Camponotus: Bolton, 1995b: 27.
Dolophra as junior synonym of Camponotus (Colobopsis): Bolton, 2003: 113, 268.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MAYRIA)
Mayria Forel, 1878: 369. Type-species: Mayria madagascarensis (junior secondary homonym in Camponotus, replaced by Camponotus repens), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Mayria in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 369 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219.
Mayria in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Mayria as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1894e: 227; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 121; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MAYRIA)
Myrmosaga Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus kelleri, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus quadrimaculatus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Myrmosaga as subgenus of Camponotus Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 241; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; all subsequent authors.
Myrmosaga as junior synonym of Mayria: Emery, 1925b: 121.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (RHINOMYRMEX)
Rhinomyrmex Forel, 1886f: 192. Type-species: Rhinomyrmex klaesii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Rhinomyrmex in Camponotinae: Forel, 1886f: 192 [Camponotii]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219.
Rhinomyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Rhinomyrmex as genus: Forel, 1886f: 192; Forel, 1893a: 165; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Rhinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1896d: 374; Forel, 1914a: 264; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 142; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (DENDROMYRMEX)
Dendromyrmex Emery, 1895j: 772. Type-species: Formica chartifex, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161.
Taxonomic history
Dendromyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1917: 250.
Dendromyrmex in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 700; Emery, 1925b: 172; all subsequent authors except the following.
Dendromyrmex in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Dendromyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Fernández, 2002: 51.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (DINOMYRMEX)
Dinomyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica gigas, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dinomyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dinomyrmex as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1913b: 350; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 69; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (DINOMYRMEX)
Myrmogigas Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica gigas, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmogigas as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91.
Myrmogigas as junior synonym of Dinomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 259; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704. [Dinomyrmex and Myrmogigas share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (TANAEMYRMEX)
Tanaemyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica longipes (junior primary homonym in Formica, replaced by Camponotus etiolipes), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Tanaemyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tanaemyrmex as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tanaemyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 75; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (TANAEMYRMEX)
Myrmoturba Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica maculata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoturba as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 235; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704.
Myrmoturba as junior synonym of Tanaemyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 75; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (ORTHONOTOMYRMEX)
Orthonotomyrmex Ashmead, 1906: 31.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384; junior homonym of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829: 344 (Hemiptera). Type-species not Formica lateralis, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 264; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Orthonotomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1913i: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 264; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 244; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 124; all subsequent authors.
Homonym replaced by ORTHONOTOMYRMEX
Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica sericea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829: 344 (Hemiptera).]
Orthonotus in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAMBLYS)
Myrmamblys Forel, 1912i: 90 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus reticulatus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus fastigatus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 263; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Myrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 90; Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 248; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 136; Santschi, 1926c: 601; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTHRIX)
Myrmothrix Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica abdominalis (junior primary homonym; Formica atriceps is first available replacement name), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica rufipes, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260.]
Myrmothrix as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Emery, 1925b: 107; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSERICUS)
Myrmosericus Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica rufoglauca, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmosericus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 104; all subsequent authors.
[See note under Myrmosaulus.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPHYMA)
Myrmophyma Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus capito, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus quadrisectus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 261; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 612.]
Myrmophyma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 239; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 109; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPHYMA)
Myrmocamelus Forel, 1914a: 261 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica ephippium, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus gambeyi, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1922: 101. Myrmocamelus also described as new by Forel, 1915b: 102.]
Myrmocamelus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1915b: 102; Forel, 1917: 250; Forel, 1922: 101.
Myrmocamelus as junior synonym of Myrmophyma: Emery, 1920b: 257; Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18; Emery, 1925b: 109.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTREMA)
Myrmotrema Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus foraminosus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmotrema as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 245; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 130; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOBRACHYS)
Myrmobrachys Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica senex, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmobrachys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 161; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMENTOMA)
Myrmentoma Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica lateralis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
Myrmentoma as junior synonym of Orthonotomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 264; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 970.
Myrmentoma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Emery, 1920b: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925a: 62; Emery, 1925b: 116; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSPHINCTA)
Myrmosphincta Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sexguttata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica cinerascens, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 265; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 614.]
Myrmosphincta as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 265; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 238; Arnold, 1922: 614; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 151; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTARSUS)
Myrmotarsus Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica mistura, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica irritabilis, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260.]
Myrmotarsus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 134; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPOMIS)
Myrmepomis Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sericeiventris, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica fulvopilosa, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 265; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 614.]
Myrmepomis as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 265; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 245; Arnold, 1922: 614; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 170; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPOMIS)
Myrmolophus Emery, 1920b: 237 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sericeiventris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmolophus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 237.
Myrmolophus as junior synonym of Myrmepomis: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 170. [Myrmepomis and Myrmolophus share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOGONIA)
Myrmogonia Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus laminatus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmogonia as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 143; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEURYNOTA)
Myrmeurynota Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus eurynotus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus gilviventris, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 266.]
Myrmeurynota as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 266; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 167; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPSAMMA)
Myrmopsamma Forel, 1914a: 261 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus mystaceus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopsamma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 246; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 70; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOMALIS)
Myrmomalis Forel, 1914a: 263 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus depressus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmomalis as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPLATYS)
Myrmoplatys Forel, 1916: 460 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus korthalsiae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoplatys as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936e: 219 (in text); Donisthorpe, 1943f: 670.
Myrmoplatys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1916: 460; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 135; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAPHAENUS)
Myrmaphaenus Emery, 1920b: 237 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus leydigi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmaphaenus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 152; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAPHAENUS)
Paracolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 249 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus salvini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paracolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709.
Paracolobopsis as junior synonym of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152; Kempf, 1972a: 44.
Neomyrmamblys Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus fastigatus, by subsequent designation of Santschi, 1921f: 311.
Taxonomic history
Neomyrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708.
Neomyrmamblys as junior synonym of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152; Kempf, 1972a: 44.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMONESITES)
Myrmonesites Emery, 1920b: 242 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus putatus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmonesites as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 242; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 123.
[Myrmensites Donisthorpe, 1943f: 666, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPYTIA)
Myrmopytia Emery, 1920b: 243 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus imitator, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopytia as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 114; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTEMNUS)
Myrmotemnus Emery, 1920b: 246 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus moeschi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmotemnus as junior synonym of Myrmamblys: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 137; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 671 (anachronism).
Myrmotemnus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 246; Santschi, 1926c: 601.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (PSEUDOCOLOBOPSIS)
Pseudocolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 249 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus macrocephalus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 157; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSTENUS)
Myrmostenus Emery, 1920b: 250 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus mirabilis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmostenus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 161; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (HYPERCOLOBOPSIS)
Hypercolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 250 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Colobopsis paradoxa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hypercolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 160; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (HYPERCOLOBOPSIS)
Neocolobopsis Borgmeier, 1928b: 65 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Neocolobopsis) scrobifer (junior synonym of Camponotus coriolanus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neocolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus Borgmeier, 1928b: 65.
Neocolobopsis as junior synonym of Hypercolobopsis: Kempf, 1968b: 411; Kempf, 1972a: 43.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPIROMIS)
Myrmopiromis Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica fulvopilosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopiromis as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 1127.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSAULUS)
Myrmosaulus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica cinerascens, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica singularis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1925b: 113, repeated in Donisthorpe, 1943f: 670. Note that Donisthorpe, 1932c: 445, states that C. cinerascens belongs in subgenus Myrmosericus. If so then Myrmosaulus would fall as a junior synonym of Myrmosericus.]
Myrmosaulus as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 112; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOCLADOECUS)
Myrmocladoecus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus latangulus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709.
Taxonomic history
Myrmocladoecus as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MANNIELLA)
Manniella Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus sphaericus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Manniella subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 159; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMISOLEPIS)
Myrmisolepis Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus epinotalis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmisolepis as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 310; Emery, 1925b: 133; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPELTA)
Myrmopelta Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus arminius, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopelta as junior synonym of Myrmamblys: Emery, 1925b: 137.
Myrmopelta as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 310; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704 (footnote); Santschi, 1926a: 16; Santschi, 1926c: 603; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPLATYPUS)
Myrmoplatypus Santschi, 1921f: 311 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus platytarsus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoplatypus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 311; Emery, 1925b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPINOTUS)
Myrmepinotus Santschi, 1921f: 312 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus echinoploides, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmepinotus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 312; Emery, 1925b: 126; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOXYGENYS)
Myrmoxygenys Emery, 1925b: 70 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus caesar, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoxygenys as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 70; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (KARAVAIEVIA)
Karavaievia Emery, 1925b: 115 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus exsectus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Karavaievia as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 115; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMODIRACHIS)
Myrmodirachis Emery, 1925b: 168 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus heathi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmodirachis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 168; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMESPERA)
Myrmespera Santschi, 1926b: 247 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmespera) debellator, by subsequent designation of Santschi, 1926c: 604.
Taxonomic history
Myrmespera as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926b: 247; Santschi, 1926c: 603; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (PARAMYRMAMBLYS)
Paramyrmamblys Santschi, 1926c: 604 [as subgenus of Camponotus].Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmamblys) ostiarius, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paramyrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926c: 604; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMACRHAPHE)
Myrmacrhaphe Santschi, 1926c: 607 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus conradti, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmacrhaphe as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926c: 607; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (THLIPSEPINOTUS)
Thlipsepinotus Santschi, 1928e: 483 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus claripes, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Thlipsepinotus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1928e: 483; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPALPELLA)
Myrmopalpella Stärcke, 1934: 30 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus megalonyx, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopalpella as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936e: 219 (in text); Donisthorpe, 1943f: 669.
Myrmopalpella as subgenus of Camponotus: Bolton, 1995b: 37.
Genus Camponotus references
Mayr, 1861: 35 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 1, 9 (Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 397, 403 (Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 6, 7 (Camponotus, Colobopsis diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 67 (Colobopsis diagnois); Mayr, 1868c: 27 (†Baltic Amber species key); Mayr, 1870a: 373 (Colombia + Panama (= New Grenada) species key); Mayr, 1870b: 941 (Colobopsis species key); André, 1874: 175 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 38 (Switzerland species key); Mayr, 1876: 58 (Australia species key); Mayr, 1878: 869 (all Dendromyrmex species key (as part of Camponotus)); Forel, 1878: 367, 368 (Camponotus, Colobopsis diagnoses); André, 1882a: 138 (Europe & Algeria species key); André, 1882b: 159 (Europe & Algeria Colobopsis species key); Cresson, 1887: 255 (U.S.A. Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 228 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 57 (Russia species key); Forel, 1891b: 71, 216 (Madagascar species key); Forel, 1892j: 223 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 219 (Rhinomyrmex, Mayria, Camponotus catalogues); Emery, 1893i: 667 (North America species key); Forel, 1893b: 435 (India & Sri Lanka C. (Colobopsis) species key); Emery, 1895j: 772 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896d: 370, 378 (species groups, catalogue); Emery, 1898a: 225 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Emery, 1903 (South America species key); Bingham, 1903: 343, 348 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Colobopsis, Camponotus species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 185 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908a: 183 (Palaearctic C. herculeanus & C. maculatus groups species key); Bondroit, 1910: 486 (Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 297 (North America species key); Forel, 1914a: 259, 266 (subgenera diagnoses, species listed by subgenus); Stitz, 1914: 94 (Central Europe species key); Santschi, 1915c: 266 (C. (Myrmotrema) species key); Emery, 1916b: 227 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 600 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Mann, 1916: 489 (Dendromyrmex, all species key); Bondroit, 1918 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1920b: 235 (subgenera, diagoses); Emery, 1920c: 8 (Old World C. maculatus group, checklist & key); Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 16 (subgenera, notes); Santschi, 1921f: 310 (subgenera, notes); Mann, 1921: 489, 499 (Fiji Is C. (Myrmogonia) & C. (Colobopsis) species keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704 (subgenera synopsis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 232, 948, 1039 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Arnold, 1922: 610, 612, 619, 662, 673 (diagnosis, South Africa subgenera synopsis, South Africa C. (Tanaemyrmex), C. (Myrmophyma), C. (Myrmopsamma) species keys); Arnold, 1924: 683, 700, 709, 724, 735 (South Africa C. (Myrmosericus), C. (Myrmamblys), C. (Orthonotomyrmex), C. (Myrmotrema), C. (Myrmepomis) species keys); Emery, 1925a: 62 (Palaearctic C. lateralis group, key); Emery, 1925b: 59 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 69 (C. (Dinomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 70 (C. (Myrmoxygenys) & C. (Myrmopsamma) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 71 (C. (Camponotus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 75 (C. (Tanaemyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 104 (C. (Myrmosericus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 107 (C. (Myrmothrix) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 109 (C. (Myrmophyma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 112 (C. (Myrmosaulus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 114 (C. (Myrmopytia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 115 (C. (Karavaievia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 116 (C. (Myrmentoma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 121 (C. (Mayria) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 123 (C. (Myrmonesites) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 124 (C. (Orthonotomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 126 (C. (Myrmepinotus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 127 (C. (Myrmopiromis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 130 (C. (Myrmotrema) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 133 (C. (Myrmisolepis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 134 (C. (Myrmotarsus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 135 (C. (Myrmoplatys) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 136 (C. (Myrmamblys) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 142 (C. (Rhinomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 143 (C. (Myrmogonia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 144 (C. (Colobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 151 (C. (Myrmosphincta) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 152 (C. (Myrmaphaenus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 157 (C. (Pseudocolobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 159 (C. (Manniella) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 160 (C. (Hypercolobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 161 (C. (Myrmostenus) & C. (Myrmobrachys) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 166 (C. (Myrmocladoecus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 167 (C. (Myrmeurynota) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 168 (C. (Myrmodirachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 169 (C. (Myrmomalis) & C. (Myrmoplatypus) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 170 (C. (Myrmepomis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 172 (Dendromyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1926a: 16, 21 (C. (Myrmopelta) diagnosis, species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 275 (Ukraine species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 601 (Russia species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 81 (Israel species key); Menozzi, 1935c: 330 (Chile species key); Karavaiev, 1936: 175 (Ukraine species key); Finzi, 1936: 190 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 316 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 236 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 109 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 109 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 387 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Donisthorpe, 1932g: 248 (C. (Orthonotomyrmex) notes); Holgersen, 1943b: 174 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 293 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 362 (North America species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 220 (Asia checklist); Yasumatsu & Brown, 1951: 29 (C. herculeanus complex); Kusnezov, 1952d: 192 (Argentina species key); Yasumatsu & Brown, 1957: 45 (C. herculeanus complex); Pisarski, 1961a: 175 (Poland species key); Gregg, 1963: 655 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 163 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Arnol'di, 1967: 1817 (former U.S.S.R. C. (Camponotus) species key); Bernard, 1967: 330 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 42, 95 (Neotropical catalogue); Hashmi, 1973: 1 (C. (Myrmothrix) all species revision, key); Alayo, 1974: 27 (Cuba species key); Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 117 (Chile species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 144 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 130 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 191 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 551 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 90 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 87 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1424 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 445 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 264 (Germany species key); Collingwood, 1985: 275 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 109 (Australia catalogue); Dumpert, 1986: 571 (C. (Karavaievia) species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 60 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 282 (Balkans species key); Taylor, 1987a: 10, 16 (Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand checklists); Snelling, R.R. 1988: 57 (Nearctic C. (Myrmentoma) species key); Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989a: 222 (China species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 125 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 164 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 332 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 38 (Japan species key); Terayama, 1991: 165 (Japan C. (Paramyrmamblys) species); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 207 (Bulgaria species key); Wang, C. & Wu, 1994: 28 (China species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 116 (South Siberia species key); Arakelian, 1994: 82 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 83, 169 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 92 (Sweden species key); Dumpert, Maschwitz, Weissflog et al. 1995: 104 (C. (Karavaievia) species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 352 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 168 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 370 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 170 (Central Europe species key); Radchenko, 1996b: 1195 (Asiatic Palaearctic species key); Cagniant, 1996b: 87 (Morocco species key); McArthur & Adams, 1996: 18 (Australia C. nigriceps group, key); Mackay, 1997: 194 (C. (Myrmostenus) species key); Mackay & Mackay, 1997b: 319 and Snelling, R.R. 2000: 607 (C. montivagus complex, keys); Robertson & Zachariades, 1997: 2 (C. fulvopilosus group, key); Snelling & Torres, 1998: 9 (Puerto Rico & Virgin Is species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 24 (Portugal species key); Terayama, 1999b: 27 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 91 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 200 (China, Guangxi species key); McArthur & Shattuck, 2001: 27 (Australia C. macrocephalus group, key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 153 (Poland species key); Fernández, 2002: 58 (C. (Dendromyrmex) diagnosis, all species revision, key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 248 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Shattuck & McArthur, 2002: 65 (Australia C. wiederkehri group key); Bolton, 2003: 112 (synopsis); Shattuck, 2005: 3 (C. aureopilus group key); Radchenko, 2005b: 188 (North Korea species key); Hansen & Klotz, 2005: 75 (North American “Carpenter Ants” key); Snelling, R.R. 2006: 96 (U.S.A. C. festinatus complex, key); Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 29 (India species, key); Dumpert, Maschwitz & Weissflog, 2006: 77 (C. (Karavaievia) species, keys); Seifert, 2007: 152 (North and Central Europe species key); McArthur, 2007a: 290 (Australia species key); Shattuck & Janda, 2009: 252 (C. aureopilus group key); Mackay & Delsinne, 2009: 496 (New World C. maculatus complex, key); Terayama, 2009: 216 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 60 (south-western Australia species key); Ionescu-Hirsch, 2009: 59 (Israel species key); McArthur, 2010: 18 (south Australia species key).
Formicinae Camponotini Echinopla TRUE TRUE FALSE22 species, 4 subspecies
Echinopla Smith, F. 1857a: 79. Type-species: Echinopla melanarctos, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 162.
Taxonomic history
Echinopla in Formicidae, Cryptoceridae: Smith, F. 1857a: 79.
Echinopla in Poneridae, Cryptoceridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 197.
Echinopla in Cryptoceridae: Smith, F. 1862a: 50.
Echinopla in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1862d: 415.
Echinopla in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae].
Echinopla in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 272.
Echinopla in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Echinopla in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 199; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 251.
Echinopla in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 210; all subsequent authors except the following.
Echinopla in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Junior synonym of ECHINOPLA
Mesoxena Smith, F. 1860b: 106. Type-species: Mesoxena mistura, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Mesoxena in Ponerinae: Smith, F. 1860b: 106 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 324 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 27.
Mesoxena in Formicinae: Mayr, 1865: 10 [Formicidae].
Mesoxena in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Mesoxena in Formicinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1878: 369 [Camponotidae]; Emery, 1911a: 249; Emery, 1925b: 212; subsequent authors.
Mesoxena as junior synonym of Echinopla: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 2003: 121.
Genus Echinopla references
Smith, F. 1858b: 197 (diagnosis); Smith, F. 1862d: 415 (catalogue); Roger, 1863b: 9, 21 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 408, 428 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 7, 10 (Echinopla, Mesoxena diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 65 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 368 (diagnosis); Emery, 1896d: 382 (catalogue); Emery, 1898a: 231 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 210 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 212 (Mesoxena diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 253, 256 (Asia Echinopla, Mesoxena checklists); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 122 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 24 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 183 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 95 (Australia synopsis).
Formicinae Camponotini Opisthopsis TRUE TRUE FALSE13 species, 7 subspecies
Opisthopsis Dalla Torre, 1893: 219.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Myrmecopsis Smith, F. 1865: 68; junior homonym of Myrmecopsis Newman, 1850: cxxii (Lepidoptera).]
Opisthopsis in Camponotinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 219.
Opisthopsis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 250.
Opisthopsis in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 700; Emery, 1925b: 54; all subsequent authors except the following.
Opisthopsis in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Genus Opisthopsis references
Forel, 1878: 369 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 219 (catalogue); Emery, 1896d: 378 (catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 54 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 345 (diagnosis, all species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 256 (Asia checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 127 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 50 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 300 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 103 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 2003: 121 (synopsis).
Homonym replaced by OPISTHOPSIS
Myrmecopsis Smith, F. 1865: 68 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica (Myrmecopsis) respiciens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Myrmecopsis Newman, 1850: cxxii (Lepidoptera).]
Myrmecopsis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 369 [Camponotidae].
Myrmecopsis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1893a: 165.
Myrmecopsis as genus: Mayr, 1876: 76; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Extant: 614 species, 86 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Polyrhachis Smith, F. 1857a: 58. Type-species: Formica bihamata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Polyrhachis Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172, nomen nudum.]
Polyrhachis in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 58.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae].
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 257.
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 194; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 251; Arnold, 1924: 741.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 175; all subsequent authors except the following.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Polyrhachis as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170. [Myrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 106; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702, 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; all subsequent authors (see note under Myrma).]
[Polyrachis Arnold, 1924: 741, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Subgenera of POLYRHACHIS include the nominal plus the following.
All the earlier subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Polyrhachis by Brown, 1973b: 178 - 184. Brown's list was repeated in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 19 but with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms; subgeneric status was reinstated in Bolton, 1994: 50. These consecutive entries are not repeated individually below.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMA)
Myrma Billberg, 1820: 104. Type-species: Formica militaris, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 859.
Taxonomic history
[Although Myrma antedates Polyrhachis, the former has been treated as a subgenus of the latter since Forel, 1917: 251 (see Hung, 1967b: 396 for history). Dorow, Kohout & Taylor, 1997: 236 proposed the precedence of Polyrhachis over Myrma and that precedence was established by the ICZN (Opinion 1919) 1999: 92.]
Polyrhachis as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170.
Myrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 106; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702, 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; all subsequent authors, see note above.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMA)
Hoplomyrmus Gerstäcker, 1859: 262. Type-species: Hoplomyrmus schistaceus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Hoplomyrmus also described as new by Gerstäcker, 1862: 508.]
Hoplomyrmus as junior synonym of Polyrhachis: Roger, 1861b: 174; Roger, 1863b: 6; Mayr, 1863: 446; Dalla Torre, 1893: 257.
Hoplomyrmus as junior synonym of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; Bolton, 1973b: 288.
Pseudocyrtomyrma Emery, 1921e: 18 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis revoili, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocyrtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Emery, 1921e: 18; Emery, 1925b: 206.
Pseudocyrtomyrma as junior synonym of Myrma: Bolton, 1973b: 288.
Anoplomyrma Chapman, 1963: 258 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Anoplomyrma) parabiotica, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anoplomyrma as junior synonym of Myrma: Dorow, 1995: 30.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HEMIOPTICA)
Hemioptica Roger, 1862a: 238. Type-species: Hemioptica scissa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hemioptica in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 769 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae].
Hemioptica in Camponotinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 271.
Hemioptica in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; all subsequent authors except the following.
Hemioptica in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Hemioptica as junior synonym of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1878: 368.
Hemioptica as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
Hemioptica as genus: Roger, 1862a: 238; Mayr, 1862: 769; Mayr, 1865: 6; Dalla Torre, 1893: 271; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Emery, 1925b: 209; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 649; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 255.
Hemioptica as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Mayr, 1872: 138; Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 95; Bolton, 1995b: 31; Dorow, 1995: 29.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HAGIOMYRMA)
Hagiomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica ammon, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hagiomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 184; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HIRTOMYRMA)
Hirtomyrma Kohout, 2010: 199 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis hirta, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hirtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Kohout, 2010: 199.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CAMPOMYRMA)
Campomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911g: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis clypeata (junior synonym of Formica exercita), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Campomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 178; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMOTHRINAX)
Myrmothrinax Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis thrinax, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmothrinax as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 178; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMOTHRINAX)
Evelyna Donisthorpe, 1937c: 273 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Evelyna) cheesmanae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Evelyna as junior synonym of Myrmothrinax: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CYRTOMYRMA)
Cyrtomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica rastellata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cyrtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 207; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMHOPLA)
Myrmhopla Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica armata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmhopla as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 190; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMHOPLA)
Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935a: 115 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Cephalomyrma) stylifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cephalomyrma as junior synonym of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Florencea Donisthorpe, 1937a: 624 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Florencea) kirkae (junior synonym of Polyrhachis nigriceps), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Florencea as junior synonym of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CHARIOMYRMA)
Chariomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis guerini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Chariomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 185; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HEDOMYRMA)
Hedomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis ornata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hedomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 189; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (HEDOMYRMA)
Dolichorhachis Mann, 1919: 386 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Dolichorhachis) malaensis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dolichorhachis as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Mann, 1919: 386; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 188.
Dolichorhachis as junior synonym of Hedomyrma: Dorow, 1995: 26.
Morleyidris Donisthorpe, 1944c: 64 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Morleyidris) trina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Morleyidris as junior synonym of Hedomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMATOPA)
Myrmatopa Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis schang, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmatopa as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 180; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMATOPA)
Irenea Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Irenea) omyrmex, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Irenea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Irenea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502.
Irenea as genus: Donisthorpe, 1941h: 59; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Irenea as junior synonym of Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa): Bolton, 1994: 50; Dorow, 1995: 42.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (AULACOMYRMA)
Aulacomyrma Emery, 1921e: 17 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis porcata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Aulacomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Emery, 1921e: 17; Emery, 1925b: 197; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (AULACOMYRMA)
Johnia Karavaiev, 1927e: 43 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Johnia) schizospina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Johnia as junior synonym of Aulacomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Genus Polyrhachis references
Smith, F. 1858b: 58 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 6 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 422, 443 (Hemioptica, Polyrhachis catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 6 (Polyrhachis, Hemioptica diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 40, 41 (diagnosis, species groups (as "turmae")); Mayr, 1876: 68 (Australia species key); Forel, 1878: 368 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1879: 648 (species groups); André, 1887: 286 (Afrotropical species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 257, 271 (Polyrhachis, Hemioptica catalogues); Forel, 1893c: 17 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Emery, 1896d: 378 (catalogue); Emery, 1897d: 579, 582 (P. relucens & P. guerini groups, keys); Emery, 1898a: 227 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 383 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Santschi, 1910h: 284 (P. rastellata group, key); Viehmeyer, 1914b: 50, 54 (P. rastellata & P. hostilis groups, keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 256, 701, 992 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical catalogue); Arnold, 1924: 741 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1925b: 175 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 178 (P. (Campomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 180 (P. (Myrmatopa) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 181 (P. (Polyrhachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 182 (P. (Myrmothrinax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 184 (P. (Hagiomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 185 (P. (Chariomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 188 (P. (Dolichorhachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 189 (P. (Hedomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 190 (P. (Myrmhopla) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 197 (P. (Aulacomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 198 (P. (Myrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 206 (P. (Pseudocyrtomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 207 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 209 (Hemioptica diagnosis, catalogue); Donisthorpe, 1938c: 246 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) review); Santschi, 1939c: 13 (P. (Pseudocyrtomyrma) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186, 255, 256 (Asia Irenea, Hemioptica, Polyrhachis checklists); Hung, 1962: 24 (Taiwan species key); Hung, 1967b: 395 (review of subgenera); Hung, 1970: 5 (P. (Polyrhachis) species revision, key); Bolton, 1973b: 289 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Bolton, 1975c: 1 (P. sexspinosa group, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 131 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 59 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Kohout, 1987: 169 (Philippines P. sexspinosa group, key); Kohout, 1989: 515 (Australia P. relucens group, key); Kohout, 1990: 500 (P. viehmeyeri group, key); Kohout & Taylor, 1990: 509 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 45 (Japan species key); Wang C. & Wu, 1991: 596 (China species key); Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 96 (P. (Hemioptica) species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 342 (catalogue); Dorow, 1995: 9 (subgenera revision, subgenera key, catalogue); Dorow, 1995: 10-11 (P. (Myrmhopla) species groups, key; P. arachne-, P. cryptoceroides- P. flavoflagellata-, P. furcata- and P. hector species groups, keys); Dorow, 1995: 12 (P. (Aulacomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 13 (P. (Campomoyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 16 (P. (Chariomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 21 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 24 (P. (Hagiomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 26 (P. (Hedomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 28 (P. (Hemioptica) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 30 (P. (Myrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 42 (P. (Myrmatopa) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 45 (P. (Myrmhopla) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 61 (P. (Myrmothrinax) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 63 (P. (Polyrhachis) synopsis); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 159 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 107 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 190 (China, Guangxi species key); Xu, 2002b: 523 (China P. (Cyrtomyrma) species key; Bolton, 2003: 122 (synopsis); Karmaly, 2004: 542 (India species key); Kohout, 2006a: 146 (P. cryptoceroides group, key); Kohout, 2006b: 87 (P. Cyrtomyrma) of Australia, Borneo, New Guinea, Solomon Is, keys); Kohout, 2007a: 189 (P. Aulacomyrma) diagnosis, all species revision, key); Kohout, 2007c: 8 (P. (Campomyrma) Borneo, key); Kohout, 2008a: 255 (Sulawesi species, keys); Kohout, 2008b: 298 (P. vestita group key); Kohout, 2008d: 12 (flavoflagellata group key); Kohout, 2009: 40, 44 (modifications to Kohout 2006b key); Terayama, 2009: 218 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 106 (south-western Australia species key); Kohout, 2010: 169, 171, 200 (Australia subgenera key, Australia P. (Myrmhopla) species key, Australia P. (Hirtomyrma) species key).
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis TRUE TRUE FALSE86 species, 20 subspecies
Cataglyphis Foerster, 1850b: 493. Type-species: Cataglyphis fairmairei (junior synonym of Formica bicolor), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cataglyphis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 44 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae].
Cataglyphis in Camponotinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 250.
Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formicini: Bondroit, 1918: 38; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 261; Agosti, 1994a: 93; Bolton, 1994: 50; all subsequent authors.
Cataglyphis as junior synonym of Myrmecocystus: Forel, 1878: 372; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 449; André, 1882b: 165; Forel, 1886f: 201; Mayr, 1886d: 424; Dalla Torre, 1893: 216; Bingham, 1903: 312; Ruzsky, 1905b: 426; Emery, 1906d: 47; Emery, 1908g: 213; Karavaiev, 1924: 301.
Cataglyphis as subgenus of Myrmecocystus: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Cataglyphis as genus: Foerster, 1850b: 493; Roger, 1863b: 12; Mayr, 1863: 402; Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 78; Emery, 1925b: 261; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of CATAGLYPHIS
Monocombus Mayr, 1855: 381. Type-species: Formica viatica, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Monocombus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 381 [Formicidae].
Monocombus as junior synonym of Myrmecocystus: Forel, 1878: 372; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 449; André, 1882b: 165; Mayr, 1886d: 424; Dalla Torre, 1893: 216.
Monocombus as subgenus of Cataglyphis: Santschi, 1929b: 29.
Monocombus as junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Mayr, 1861: 44; Roger, 1863b: 12; Mayr, 1863: 402; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 944; Emery, 1925b: 261; Agosti, 1990b: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
Paraformica Forel, 1915b: 95 (footnote) [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica (Paraformica) emmae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paraformica in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1917: 250.
Paraformica in Formicinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 260.
Paraformica as subgenus of Formica: Forel, 1915b: 95; Forel, 1917: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699.
Paraformica as genus: Emery, 1925b: 260; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 680.
Paraformica as subgenus of Proformica: Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928a: 7.
Paraformica as subgenus of Cataglyphis: Santschi, 1925g: 353; Santschi, 1929b: 30.
Paraformica as junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Agosti, 1990b: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
Machaeromyrma Forel, 1916: 441 [as subgenus of Cataglyphis]. Type-species: Formica bombycina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Machaeromyrma as subgenus of Cataglyphis: Forel, 1916: 441; Forel, 1917: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 266; Santschi, 1929b: 30; subsequent authors to the following.
Machaeromyrma as junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Baroni Urbani, 1969d: 218; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
Eomonocombus Arnol'di, 1968: 1815 [as subgenus of Cataglyphis]. Type-species: Myrmecocystus cinnamomeus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Eomonocombus as junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Agosti, 1990b: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
Genus Cataglyphis references
Mayr, 1861: 44 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 12 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 402 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 8 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 181 (Europe species key); Forel, 1878: 372 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 166 (Europe & Algeria species key); Nasonov, 1889: 60 (Russia species key); Bingham, 1903: 312 (diagnosis); Ruzsky, 1905b: 426 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1906d: 60 (Palaearctic species (as Myrmecocystus), key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 945 (Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 260 (Paraformica diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 261 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 266 (C. (Machaeromyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1929b: 56 (all species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 86 (Israel species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 108 (Central Europe species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 197, 203 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 280 (diagnosis); Tarbinsky, 1976: 197 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 554 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 92 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 284 (Balkans species key); Collingwood, 1985: 284 (Saudi Arabia species key); Agosti, 1990b: 1457 (review of genus, diagnosis, species groups key, catalogue); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 146 (Turkmenistan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 292 (Bulgaria species key); Agosti, 1994a: 103 (diagnosis, review of genus); Arakelian, 1994: 103 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 135 (catalogue); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 375 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 179 (Central Europe species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 28 (Portugal species key); Radchenko, 1998: 502 (Asia species key); Radchenko, 2001: 885 (phylogeny); Chang & He, 2002b: 62 (northwest China species key); Bolton, 2003: 126 (synopsis); Seifert, 2007: 159 (North and Central Europe species key).
Formicinae Formicini Formica TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 176 species, 24 subspecies
Fossil: 64 species
Formica Linnaeus, 1758: 579. Type-species: Formica rufa, by subsequent designation of Curtis, 1839: 752.
Taxonomic history
Formica in Formicites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 199.
Formica in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 1.
Formica in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 45 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 47 [Formicidae].
Formica in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 373 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 450 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 192.
Formica in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 205.
Formica in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 127; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 120; Forel, 1917: 250.
Formica in Formicinae, Formicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 41; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 241; all subsequent authors except the following.
Formica in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Junior synonyms of FORMICA
Formicina Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172. Type-species: Formica rufa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica flava, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1916a: 61 (footnote); repeated by Emery, 1916b: 239 and Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170.]
Formicina in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1917: 249.
Formicina as genus: Emery, 1916a: 61; Emery, 1916b: 239; Forel, 1917: 249; Bondroit, 1918: 19.
Formicina as subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172.
Formicina as junior synonym of Lasius: Emery, 1925b: 226; Brown, 1973b: 180.
Formicina as junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209.
Formicina as junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646; Agosti, 1994a: 106; Bolton, 1994: 50. [Formica and Formicina share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Neoformica Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica pallidefulva, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Neoformica also described as new by Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 548.]
Neoformica as subgenus of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82; Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 388 (in key); Forel, 1917: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 700; Emery, 1925b: 244; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 673; Creighton, 1950a: 543.
Neoformica as junior synonym of Formica: Buren, 1968a: 39; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Raptiformica Forel, 1913i: 361 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica sanguinea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Raptiformica as subgenus of Formica: Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1925b: 258; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723; Creighton, 1950a: 460.
Raptiformica as junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote); Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Serviformica Forel, 1913i: 361 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica fusca, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Serviformica as subgenus of Formica: Forel, 1913i: 361; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1925b: 245; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 725.
Serviformica as junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote); Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Francoeur, 1973: 34; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 106.
Coptoformica Müller, 1923: 146 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica exsecta, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1941f: 37.
Taxonomic history
Coptoformica as junior synonym of Formica: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Adformica Lomnicki, 1925a: 164 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica exsecta, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1927b: 316.
Taxonomic history
Adformica as junior synonym of Coptoformica: Stitz, 1939: 306; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620 [Adformica and Coptoformica share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Iberoformica Tinaut, 1990a: 282 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica subrufa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Iberoformica as junior synonym of Formica: Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Genus Formica references
Mayr, 1855: 300 (diagnosis, Austria species key); Smith, F. 1858b: 1 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 46 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 12 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 410 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 8 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 182 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 51 (Switzerland species key); Forel, 1878: 373 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 176 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 255 (U.S.A. catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 232 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 61 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 192 (catalogue); Emery, 1893i: 643 (North America species key); Forel, 1894c: 402 (India species key); Bingham, 1903: 334 (India species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 318 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 8 (Luxemburg species key); Emery, 1909b: 180 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 482 (Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 387 (subgenera, species groups, all species keys); Stitz, 1914: 88 (Central Europe species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 244 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 257 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 594 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Bondroit, 1917a: 174 (France F. rufa group, key); Bondroit, 1918: 41 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (subgenera key); Emery, 1925b: 241 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 244 (F. (Neoformica) diagnosis, catalogue; Emery, 1925b: 245 (F. (Serviformica) diagnosis, catalogue; Emery, 1925b: 251 (F. (Formica) diagnosis, catalogue; Emery, 1925b: 258 (F. (Raptiformica) diagnosis, catalogue; Lomnicki, 1925a: 171 (Poland species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926b: 93 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 282 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 284 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 603 (Russia species key); Karavaiev, 1936: 220 (Ukraine species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 321 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 306 (Germany species key); Creighton, 1940a: 1 (North America F. rufa subspecies key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 103 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 103 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 375 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 175 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 200 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 299 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 187 (Belgium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 456 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 197 (Asia checklist); Yarrow, 1954a: 229 (Britain F. fusca group); Yarrow, 1955a: 29 (Britain F. rufa group, key); Wilson & Brown, 1955: 108 (F. sanguinea & F. neogagates groups, synopsis); Boven, 1959: 12 (Netherlands species key); Betrem, 1960b: 75 (F. rufa group, key); Gregg, 1963: 498 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 205 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Cotti, 1963: 1 (F. rufa group, bibliography 1930-61); Dlussky, 1964: 1026 (former U.S.S.R. F. (Coptoformica) species key); Collingwood, 1964: 109 (Britain species key); Brown, 1965d: 181 (F. integra subgroup); Dlussky, 1965a: 15 (Mongolia and Tibet species key); Dlussky, 1967a: 39 (Palaearctic species key); Dlussky, 1967b: 80 (†Baltic Amber species key); Bernard, 1967: 285 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Buren, 1968a: 36 (Nearctic F. sanguinea group species key); Boven, 1970b: 34 (Netherlands species key); Dlussky & Pisarski, 1971: 145 (Poland species key); Francoeur, 1973: 272 (Nearctic F. fusca group, revision, key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 6 (Britain species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 177 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 236 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 552 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 93 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 112 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448 (North America catalogue); Douwes, 1979: 187 (F. rufa group systematics); Kupyanskaya, 1980: 95 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Allred, 1982: 446 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Kupyanskaya, 1984: 103 (Far Eastern Russia F. truncorum complex, key); Snelling & Buren, 1985: 71 (Nearctic F. sanguinea group, key); Gösswald, 1985: 274 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 76 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 74 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 285 (Balkans species key); Gösswald, 1989: 49 (F. rufa group taxonomy); Agosti & Bolton, 1990b: 149 (characters); Wu, J. 1990: 4 (China species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 138 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 174 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 31 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 255 (Bulgaria species key); Agosti, 1994a: 106 (diagnosis, review of genus); Radchenko, 1994b: 112 (South Siberia species key); Arakelian, 1994: 89 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 190 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 94 (Sweden species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 353 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 138 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 201 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 41 (Britain species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 25 (Portugal species key); Tinaut, A. & Martínez-Ibánez, 1998: 36 (Iberian Peninsula F. rufa, F. sanguinea & F. exsecta groups, key); Seifert, 2000a: 563 (Palaearctic F. (Coptoformica) species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 148 (Poland species key); Chang & He, 2002a: 51 (northwest China species key); Seifert, 2002b: 267 (F. cinerea group revision key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 277 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Bolton, 2003: 127 (synopsis); Radchenko, 2005b: 188 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 176 (North and Central Europe species key); Trager, MacGown & Trager, 2007: 627 (F. pallidefulva group key); Dlussky, 2008a: 57 (Europe Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 224 (Taiwan species key); Seifert & Schultz, 2009: 258 (F. rufibarbis group key).
Formicinae Formicini Polyergus TRUE TRUE FALSE5 species, 5 subspecies
Polyergus Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica rufescens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Polyergus in Formicites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 198.
Polyergus in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 1.
Polyergus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 383 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 43 [Formicinae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae].
Polyergus in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 214.
Polyergus in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 200.
Polyergus in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 128; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 250.
Polyergus in Formicinae, Formicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 41; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 267; all subsequent authors except the following.
Polyergus in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Genus Polyergus references
Mayr, 1855: 383 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 12 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 443 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 8 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 373 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 162 (Europe & Algeria species); Cresson, 1887: 255 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 214 (catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 267 (diagnosis, catalogue); Buren, 1944a: 310 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Smith, M.R. 1947g: 152 (U.S.A. species key); Creighton, 1950a: 556 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 203 (Asia checklist); Gregg, 1963: 632 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 274 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 329 (diagnosis); Wheeler, J. 1968: 156 (Nearctic species, male genitalia); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1466 (North America catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 95 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 207 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Agosti, 1994a: 109 (diagnosis, review of genus); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 342 (catalogue); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 361 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 359 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Bolton, 2003: 129 (synopsis).
Formicinae Formicini Proformica TRUE TRUE FALSE25 species, 2 subspecies
Proformica Ruzsky, 1902d: 13 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica nasuta, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Proformica also described as new by Ruzsky, 1903bb: 303.]
Proformica in Formicinae, Lasiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Proformica in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1917: 250.
Proformica in Formicinae, Formicini: Bondroit, 1918: 40; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 242; all subsequent authors except the following.
Proformica in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Proformica as subgenus of Formica: Ruzsky, 1902d: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1917: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 242; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 687; Creighton, 1950a: 457.
Proformica as genus: Bondroit, 1918: 40; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927b: 26; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928a: 7; subsequent authors except the above.
Genus Proformica references
Emery, 1925b: 242 (Formica (Proformica) diagnosis, catalogue); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927b: 28 (Turkestan species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928a: 7 (central Asia species key); Bernard, 1967: 282 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Dlussky, 1969a: 231 (Russia and contiguous countries, key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 165 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Collingwood, 1978: 92 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 287 (Balkans species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 287 (Bulgaria species key); Agosti, 1994a: 112 (diagnosis, review of genus); Radchenko, 1994b: 115 (South Siberia species key); Arakelian, 1994: 109 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 368 (catalogue); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 27 (Portugal species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 148 (China species key); Bolton, 2003: 130 (synopsis); Dubovikov, 2005b: 190 (Caucasian Isthmus species key).
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 89 species, 19 subspecies
Fossil: 7 species
Tetraponera Smith, F. 1852: 44. Type-species: Tetraponera atrata (junior synonym of Eciton nigrum), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 173.
Taxonomic history
Tetraponera in Formicidae, Poneridae: Smith, F. 1857a: 70.
Tetraponera in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1877b: 68.
Tetraponera in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 24.
Tetraponera in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 654; subsequent authors to the following.
Tetraponera in Pseudomyrmecinae: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17; all subsequent authors.
Tetraponera as junior synonym of Pseudomyrma: Roger, 1863b: 24; Mayr, 1863: 451.
Tetraponera as junior synonym of Sima: Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Bingham, 1903: 107; Emery, 1917a: 95.
Tetraponera as subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1900d: 673; Emery, 1915b: 266; Arnold, 1916: 180; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 24.
Tetraponera as genus: Smith, F. 1852: 44; Smith, F. 1857a: 70; Smith, F. 1877b: 68; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 654; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17; Ward, 1990: 470; Bolton, 1994: 184.
Junior synonyms of TETRAPONERA
Sima Roger, 1863a: 178. Type-species: Sima compressa (junior synonym of Pseudomyrma allaborans), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Eciton rufonigrum, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1915b: 266, repeated in Emery, 1917a: 95 and Emery, 1921f: 22.]
Sima in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 328.
Sima in Myrmicidae, Myrmeciidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Sima in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 25 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1866b: 906 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53.
Sima in Myrmicidae, Pseudomyrminae: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Sima in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 768; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 40; Arnold, 1916: 173; Emery, 1921f: 21.
Sima as genus: Roger, 1863a: 178; Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1868c: 100; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Emery, 1900d: 672; Bingham, 1903: 107; Emery, 1914a: 40; Emery, 1915b: 266; Arnold, 1916: 173; Emery, 1917a: 95; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 21.
Sima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Smith, F. 1877b: 68; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 47; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 105; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726; Ward, 1990: 470.
Pachysima Emery, 1912b: 97 [as subgenus of Sima]. Type-species: Tetraponera aethiops, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pachysima in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 22.
Pachysima in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112, 654.
Pachysima as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 308 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112, 654.
Pachysima as subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1912b: 97; Arnold, 1916: 174; Emery, 1921f: 22.
Pachysima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Ward, 1990: 470.
Viticicola Wheeler, W.M. 1919i: 130 (in text). Type-species: Sima tessmanni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Viticicola also as new in Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53.]
Viticicola in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 107, 654.
Viticicola as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Ward, 1990: 470.
[Viticola Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Parasima Donisthorpe, 1948d: 592 [as subgenus of Tetraponera]. [Unnecessary replacement name for Sima in the sense of Emery, 1921f: 23.]
Taxonomic history
Parasima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Ward, 1990: 470.
Genus Tetraponera references
Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 25 (Sima diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (Sima diagnosis); Mayr, 1868c: 101 (†Baltic Amber species key); Smith, F. 1877b: 68 (checklist); Dalla Torre, 1893: 53 (catalogue); Emery, 1900d: 17 (Asia & Australia species key); Forel, 1903a: 708 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 107 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1916: 173 (Sima diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1921f: 21 (Sima diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 22 (S. (Pachysima) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 24 (S. (Tetraponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112 (Pachysima species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 104, 107, 112 (Tetraponera, Viticicola, Pachysima diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 795, 801 (Afrotropical Tetraponera, Viticicola, Pachysima catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1014 (Malagasy catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 79 (Australia checklist); Wu, J. & Wang, 1990: 516 (China species key); Dlussky & Radchenko, 1990: 120 (Vietnam species key); Ward, 1990: 470 (diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 184 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 416 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 55 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 312 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 208 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 64 (China, Guangxi species key); Ward, 2001: 596 (Oriental & Australian, all species, revision, key); Xu & Chai, 2004: 64 (China species key); Ward, 2006: 120 (Afrotropical species groups key); Ward, 2006: 123 (T. ambigua group, key); Ward, 2009: 288 (T. grandidieri group, key); Dlussky, 2009: 1084 (Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 128 (Taiwan species key).
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys TRUE TRUE FALSE146 species
Cerapachys Smith, F. 1857a: 74. Type-species: Cerapachys antennatus, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 28.
Taxonomic history
Cerapachys in Myrmicinae: Smith, F. 1857a: 74 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 47 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 329 [Myrmicidae].
Cerapachys in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Cerapachys in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Cerapachys in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162 (also misspelled Orapachys, same page); Forel, 1900d: 331; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 8; Arnold, 1915: 11; Forel, 1917: 239; Brown, 1975: 18; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Cerapachys in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17; Kempf, 1972a: 76; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Jaffe, 1993: 9; Bolton, 1994: 19; Bolton, 2003: 34.
Junior synonyms of CERAPACHYS
Syscia Roger, 1861a: 19. Type-species: Syscia typhla, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Syscia in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Syscia in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Syscia in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1900d: 329; Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Syscia as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 31.
Syscia as subgenus of Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 730.
Syscia as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76; Brown, 1975: 18; all subsequent authors.
Ooceraea Roger, 1862a: 248. Type-species: Ooceraea fragosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ooceraea in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 24 [Myrmicidae].
Ooceraea in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Ooceraea in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1871a: 324.
Ooceraea in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Ooceraea in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162.
Ooceraea in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Ooceraea in Ecitoninae, Ecitonini: Ashmead, 1905b: 381; Ashmead, 1906: 25.
Ooceraea as genus: Roger, 1862a: 248; Smith, F. 1871a: 324; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 31.
Ooceraea as subgenus of Cerapachys: Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 678.
Ooceraea as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Lioponera Mayr, 1879: 666. Type-species: Lioponera longitarsus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lioponera in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Lioponera in Pachycondylinae, Lioponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Lioponera in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1900d: 329; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 11; Forel, 1917: 239.
Lioponera in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Lioponera in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 657.
Lioponera as subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 1892l: 244.
Lioponera as genus: Mayr, 1879: 666; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 26; Emery, 1911d: 11; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 657.
Lioponera as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Parasyscia Emery, in André, 1882c: 235. Type-species: Parasyscia piochardi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Parasyscia in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Parasyscia in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Parasyscia in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162 [Cerapachysii]; Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Parasyscia as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Parasyscia as subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 1892l: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 9; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 681; Creighton, 1950a: 57.
Parasyscia as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76; Brown, 1975: 18; all subsequent authors.
Phyracaces Emery, 1902c: 23. Type-species: Cerapachys mayri, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Phyracaces in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Arnold, 1915: 17; Forel, 1917: 239.
Phyracaces in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 683.
Phyracaces as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Cysias Emery, 1902c: 24 [as subgenus of Cerapachys]. Type-species: Ooceraea papuana, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cysias in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Cysias as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Cysias as subgenus of Cerapachys: Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 637.
Cysias as junior synonym of Syscia: Emery, 1911d: 10; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Ceratopachys Schulz, W.A. 1906: 155, unjustified emendation of Cerapachys.
Taxonomic history
Ceratopachys as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 755.
Chrysapace Crawley, 1924: 380. Type-species: Chrysapace jacobsoni (junior secondary homonym in Cerapachys, replaced by Cerapachys crawleyi), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Chrysapace in Ponerinae: Crawley, 1924: 380.
Chrysapace in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633.
Chrysapace as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Neophyracaces Clark, 1941: 76. Type-species: Phyracaces clarus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neophyracaces in Cerapachyinae: Clark, 1941: 76.
Neophyracaces as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Yunodorylus Xu, 2000b: 297. Type-species: Yunodorylus sexspinus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Yunodorylus in Dorylinae: Xu, 2000b: 297.
Yunodorylus in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Bolton, 2003: 141, 268.
Yunodorylus as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Bolton, 2003: 141, 268; Borowiec, 2009: 57.
Genus Cerapachys references
Roger, 1863b: 21, 25 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 403, 439, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 15, 24 (Syscia, Ooceraea diagnoses); André, 1882c: 236 (Europe & Algeria species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 17 (Lioponera, Cerapachys, Parasyscia, Ooceraea, Syscia catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 331 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 27, 28 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Lioponera, Cerapachys species keys); Emery, 1911d: 8 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 9 (C. (Parasyscia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 10 (C. (Ooceraea) & C. (Syscia) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 10 (Phyracaces diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 11 (Lioponera diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 11 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 239 (Australia Phyracaces species key); Mann, 1921: 408 (Fiji species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 52, 53, 639 (Cerapachys & Phyracaces diagnoses, subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1924d: 224 (Chrysapace, comments); Arnold, 1926: 193 (South Africa species, revised key); Donisthorpe, 1939a: 253 (Lioponera diagnosis); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17, 21, 22 (Asia Cerapachys, Lioponera, Phyracaces checklists); Wilson, 1959b: 44, 52, 55, 56 (Melanesia, Fiji Is, New Guinea & New Caledonia species keys); Kempf, 1972a: 76 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1975: 18, 26 (diagnosis, keys); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1333 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 16 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Terayama, Kubota, Sakai & Kawazoe, 1988: 35 (Taiwan species key); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1989: 30 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 142 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 47 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 312 (Saudi Arabia species key); Terayama, 1996: 18 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 60 (Australia synopsis); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 36 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Borowiec, 2009: 46 (C. sexspinus group key); Terayama, 2009: 122 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 126 (south-western Australia species key).
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Simopone TRUE TRUE FALSE17 species
Simopone Forel, 1891b: 139. Type-species: Simopone grandidieri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Simopone in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Simopone in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Simopone in Dorylinae, Cylindromyrmecini: Emery, 1901a: 34.
Simopone in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Simopone in Ponerinae, Cylindromyrmecini: Emery, 1911d: 15; Arnold, 1915: 20; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 640; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 25.
Simopone in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137 [subtribe Cylindromyrmecini]; Brown, 1975: 18; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Simopone in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Bolton, 1994: 19; Bolton, 2003: 34.
Simopone as subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 1892l: 243.
Simopone as genus: Forel, 1891b: 139; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 15; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726; Brown, 1975: 35; all subsequent authors.
Genus Simopone references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 17 (catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 15 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 20 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 757, 1005 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 25 (Asia checklist); Brown, 1975: 35 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species key); Radchenko, 1993b: 47 (Indo-Australian species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 383 (catalogue).
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Sphinctomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE22 species
Sphinctomyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 895. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex stali, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sphinctomyrmex in Dorylidae: Mayr, 1866b: 895; Forel, 1878: 365 (footnote).
Sphinctomyrmex Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 16.
Sphinctomyrmex in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Sphinctomyrmex in Dorylinae, Dorylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 381; Ashmead, 1906: 27.
Sphinctomyrmex in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 116; Forel, 1900d: 328; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 6; Forel, 1917: 239; Brown, 1975: 18; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Sphinctomyrmex in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 638; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727; Kempf, 1972a: 241; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Jaffe, 1993: 9; Bolton, 1994: 19; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of SPHINCTOMYRMEX
Eusphinctus Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-species: Eusphinctus furcatus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eusphinctus in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 645.
Eusphinctus as subgenus of Sphinctomyrmex: Emery, 1895k: 456; Forel, 1900d: 328; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 7; Forel, 1917: 239.
Eusphinctus as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639.
Eusphinctus as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Nothosphinctus Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219 [as subgenus of Eusphinctus]. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex froggatti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675.
Taxonomic history
Nothosphinctus as subgenus of Eusphinctus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639.
Nothosphinctus as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Zasphinctus Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219 [as subgenus of Eusphinctus]. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex turneri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Zasphinctus as subgenus of Eusphinctus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639.
Zasphinctus as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Aethiopopone Santschi, 1930a: 49. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex rufiventris, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Aethiopopone in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620.
Aethiopopone as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Bolton, 1973a: 341; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Genus Sphinctomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 16 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 25 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 6 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 7 (S. (Eusphinctus) diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 224 (Australia Eusphinctus species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639 (Eusphinctus subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 755 (Afrotropical catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 21 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 241 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1975: 31 (diagnosis, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 49 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 73 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 392 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 62 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2009: 131 (south-western Australia species key).
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 137 species
Fossil: 6 species
Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863a: 174. Type-species: Ponera tornata, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1911d: 44.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Ectatomma concinna, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164; see Emery, 1912d: 271 and Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.]
Gnamptogenys in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae].
Gnamptogenys in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Gnamptogenys in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 44; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; all subsequent authors to the following.
Gnamptogenys in Ectatomminae, Ectatommini: Bolton, 2003: 46.
Gnamptogenys as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 540; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1895b: 113; Forel, 1899c: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 44; Gallardo, 1918b: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 644; Borgmeier, 1923: 60; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Gnamptogenys as genus: Roger, 1863a: 174; Forel, 1917: 236; Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of GNAMPTOGENYS
Stictoponera Mayr, 1887: 539 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ponera coxalis, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 82.
Taxonomic history
Stictoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Stictoponera in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 47; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728.
Stictoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 539; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 316; Bingham, 1903: 82; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Stictoponera as genus: Emery, 1911d: 47; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728.
Stictoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Holcoponera Mayr, 1887: 540 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Gnamptogenys striatula, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1911d: 40.
Taxonomic history
Holcoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Holcoponera in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 40; Forel, 1917: 236; Gallardo, 1918b: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; all subsequent authors.
Holcoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 540; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Holcoponera as genus: Emery, 1902a: 181; Emery, 1911d: 40; Forel, 1917: 236; Gallardo, 1918b: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Borgmeier, 1923: 55; Santschi, 1929h: 437; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Holcoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Alfaria Emery, 1896e: 177 (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Alfaria simulans, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Alfaria also described as new by Emery, 1896g: 41.]
Alfaria in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1899c: 3.
Alfaria in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Alfaria in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 46; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; all subsequent authors.
Alfaria as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Poneracantha Emery, 1897d: 547 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Holcoponera) bispinosum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Poneracantha as subgenus of Ectatomma: Emery, 1911d: 43; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643.
Poneracantha as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Rhopalopone Emery, 1897d: 549. Type-species: Rhopalopone epinotalis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Rhopalopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Rhopalopone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1911d: 34 [subtribe Typhlomyrmecini]; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; all subsequent authors.
Rhopalopone as genus: Emery, 1911d: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Borgmeier, 1923: 54.
Rhopalopone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Emeryella Forel, 1901e: 334. Type-species: Emeryella schmitti, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Emeryella in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Emeryella in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 46; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 13; all subsequent authors.
Emeryella as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Mictoponera Forel, 1901e: 372 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Mictoponera) diehlii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Mictoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Forel, 1901e: 372; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Mictoponera as junior synonym of Rhopalopone: Emery, 1911d: 34.
Mictoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Parectatomma Emery, 1911d: 44 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma triangulare, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parectatomma as subgenus of Ectatomma: Emery, 1911d: 44; Creighton, 1950a: 35; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Parectatomma as subgenus of Gnamptogenys: Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643.
Parectatomma as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Spaniopone Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 11. Type-species: Spaniopone haytiana, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Spaniopone in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1916i: 36; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727.
Spaniopone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1919c: 107.
Spaniopone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Wheeleripone Mann, 1919: 282. Type-species: Wheeleripone albiclava, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Wheeleripone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736.
Wheeleripone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Opisthoscyphus Mann, 1922: 4. Type-species: Opisthoscyphus scabrosus (junior synonym of Alfaria minuta), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Opisthoscyphus in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 13; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 678.
Opisthoscyphus as junior synonym of Alfaria: Brown, in Borgmeier, 1957: 115.
Opisthoscyphus as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Commateta Santschi, 1929h: 476 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Parectatomma) bruchi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Commateta as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Tammoteca Santschi, 1929h: 476 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma concinnum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Tammoteca as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Barbourella Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 10 [as subgenus of Emeryella]. Type-species: Emeryella (Barbourella) banksi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Barbourella as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Genus Gnamptogenys references
Roger, 1863b: 19 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 422 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 15 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 963 (all species key); Mayr, 1887: 540 (diagnosis); Emery, 1889b: 494 (Ectatomma (Stictoponera) species key); Emery, 1896g: 43, 44 (G. (Holcoponera), G. (Gnamptogenys) species keys; Forel, 1900d: 316 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 82 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 34 (Rhopalopone diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 40 (Holcoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 43 (Ectatomma (Poneracantha) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 44 (Ectatomma (Parectatomma) & E. (Gnamptogenys) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 46 (Emeryella diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 46 (Alfaria diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 47 (Stictoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Gallardo, 1918b: 22, 42 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1919: 286 (Wheeleripone species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 240 (Rhopalopone species key); Santschi, 1929h: 471 (Holcoponera species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 26, 29 (Asia Rhopalopone, Stictoponera checklists); Brown, 1954h: 1 (G. coxalis group species); Brown, 1956: 489 (Holcoponera species notes); Brown, 1958g: 211 (revision of genus, all species keys); Brown, 1958g: 230 (New World species revision, key); Brown, 1958g: 237 (Old World species revision, key); Kempf, 1972a: 111 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1337 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 30 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 28 (Australia checklist); Brandão & Lattke, 1990: 489 (Alfaria group, status); Lattke, 1990b: 22 (Venezuela species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 344 (Neotropical catalogue); Lattke, 1992a: 123 (G. minuta group, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 208 (catalogue); Lattke, 1995: 149 (New World species revision, key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 36 (China species key); Xu & Zhang, 1996: 56 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 185 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 31 (China, Guangxi species key); Lattke, 2004: 51 (Old World species revision, key); Lattke, Fernández & Palacio, 2007: 257 (New World species key); Lattke, Fernández, et al. 2008: 68 (Colombia species key).
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Rhytidoponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 104 species
Fossil: 1 species
Rhytidoponera Mayr, 1862: 731 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ponera araneoides, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1911d: 37.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Ponera metallica, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 172; see Emery, 1912d: 271 and Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.]
Rhytidoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Rhytidoponera in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 26; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; all subsequent authors to the following.
Rhytidoponera in Ectatomminae, Ectatommini: Bolton, 2003: 46.
Rhytidoponera as junior synonym of Ectatomma: Roger, 1863b: 17.
Rhytidoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1862: 731; Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1887: 539; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Rhytidoponera as genus: Emery, 1897d: 547; Emery, 1911d: 36; Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of RHYTIDOPONERA
Chalcoponera Emery, 1897d: 548. Type-species: Ponera metallica, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1911d: 39.
Taxonomic history
Chalcoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Chalcoponera in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1911d: 38; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632.
Chalcoponera as subgenus of Rhytidoponera: Emery, 1911d: 38; Forel, 1917: 236.
Chalcoponera as genus: Emery, 1897d: 548; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Clark, 1934c: 58; Clark, 1941: 83; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 25.
Chalcoponera as junior synonym of Rhytidoponera: Brown, 1953c: 2; Brown, 1958g: 198; all subsequent authors.
Genus Rhytidoponera references
Mayr, 1867a: 88 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1876: 90 (Australia species key); Mayr, 1887: 539 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911d: 36 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1912a: 77 (R. metallica group revision, key); Clark, 1936: 16 (Australia species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 25, 27 (Asia Chalcoponera, Rhytidoponera checklists); Brown, 1954g: 2 (R. impressa & R. metallica groups, species); Brown, 1958g: 197, 288 (review of genus, New Caledonia species key); Wilson, 1958d: 304 (Melanesia & Moluccas species key); Ward, 1980: 478 (Australia & New Guinea R. impressa group, key); Ward, 1984: 135 (New Caledonia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 40 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 67 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 378 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 204 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2009: 137 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Clavipetiola TRUE TRUE TRUEFossil: 1 species
†Clavipetiola Hong, 2002: 564. Type-species: †Clavipetiola asiatica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Clavipetiola in Myrmicinae: Hong, 2002: 564.
Myrmicinae Basicerotini Rhopalothrix TRUE TRUE FALSE9 species
Rhopalothrix Mayr, 1870a: 415. Type-species: Rhopalothrix ciliata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 172.
Taxonomic history
Rhopalothrix in Myrmicidae, Cryptoceridae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Rhopalothrix in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 145.
Rhopalothrix in Cryptoceridae, Dacetini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Rhopalothrix in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1892d: 344; Forel, 1893a: 164; Forel, 1895b: 133; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1899c: 41; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 666; Emery, 1924d: 328; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 724; Brown, 1948e: 102; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 105; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 32; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 88 (as junior synonym of Basiceros).
Rhopalothrix in Myrmicinae, Basicerotini: Brown, 1949f: 92; Brown & Kempf, 1960: 230; Taylor, 1990b: 397; Bolton, 1994: 105; Bolton, 1998: 67; Fernández, 2003d: 314; Bolton, 2003: 185.
Junior synonyms of RHOPALOTHRIX
Heptastruma Weber, 1934a: 54. Type-species: Heptastruma wheeleri (junior secondary homonym in Rhopalothrix, replaced by Rhopalothrix weberi), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Heptastruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Weber, 1934a: 54; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 650; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Heptastruma in Myrmicinae, Basicerotini: Brown, 1949f: 94.
Heptastruma as junior synonym of Rhopalothrix: Brown & Kempf, 1960: 230.
Acanthidris Weber, 1941a: 188. Type-species: Acanthidris isthmicus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Acanthidris in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Weber, 1941a: 183 [Dacetonini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Acanthidris in Myrmicinae, Basicerotini: Brown, 1949f: 94.
Acanthidris as junior synonym of Rhopalothrix: Brown & Kempf, 1960: 230.
Genus Rhopalothrix references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 145 (catalogue); Emery, 1894c: 216 (Neotropical species key); Mann, 1919: 360 (Papuasian species key); Emery, 1924d: 328 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 105 (Asia checklist); Brown, 1949f: 93 (checklist); Brown & Kempf, 1960: 230, 247 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Taylor, 1968b: 334 (Indo-Australian species key); Kempf, 1972a: 226 (Neotropical catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 86 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 66 (Australia checklist); Taylor, 1990b: 401 (Old World species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 377 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 162 (Australia synopsis).
Myrmicinae Dacetini Orectognathus TRUE TRUE FALSE29 species
Orectognathus Smith, F. 1853: 227. Type-species: Orectognathus antennatus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Orectognathus in Myrmicidae, Cryptoceridae: Smith, F. 1853: 227; Emery, 1877a: 81.
Orectognathus in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 161.
Orectognathus in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 26 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 148.
Orectognathus in Cryptoceridae, Dacetonini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Orectognathus in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1892d: 344; Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 666; Emery, 1924d: 318; Brown, 1948e: 102; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of ORECTOGNATHUS
Arnoldidris Brown, 1950c 143. Type-species: Orectognathus chyzeri, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Arnoldidris in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1950c 143; Brown, 1953k: 87.
Arnoldidris as junior synonym of Orectognathus: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Taylor, 1977: 581; Bolton, 1999: 1655; Bolton, 2000: 19.
Genus Orectognathus references
Roger, 1863b: 40 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 439 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 26 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 148 (catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 318 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 105 (Asia checklist); Brown, 1953k: 87 (diagnosis, all species key); Brown, 1958b: 17, 22, 27 (supplement to preceding, Arnoldidris species key, Orectognathus species key); Brown, 1958h: 36 (New Zealand species); Taylor, 1977: 585 (all species key); Taylor, 1978b: 9 (all species key); Taylor, 1980a: 779 (species notes, supplement to 1977 key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 72 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 51 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 301 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 150 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 1999: 1655 (diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Bolton, 2000: 19 (diagnosis, species synopsis).
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 344 species
Fossil: 4 species
Pyramica Roger, 1862a: 251. Type-species: Pyramica gundlachi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pyramica in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Emery, 1924d: 320; all subsequent authors.
Pyramica as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Bingham, 1903: 147; Emery, 1924d: 320; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723; Brown & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, 1960b: 37; Kempf, 1972a: 242; Bolton, 1983: 358; Bolton, 1994: 105; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Pyramica as subgenus of Strumigenys: Brown, 1948e: 110.
Pyramica as genus: Mayr, 1863: 453; Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90; Eguchi, Bui & Yamane, 2011: 26.
Junior synonyms of PYRAMICA
Epitritus Emery, 1869a: 136. Type-species: Epitritus argiolus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Epitritus in Myrmicidae, Cryptoceridae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Epitritus in Myrmicinae: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 465 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 148.
Epitritus in Cryptoceridae, Dacetonini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Epitritus in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1892d: 344; Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Arnold, 1917: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 666; Emery, 1924d: 326; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643; Brown, 1948e: 122; Brown, 1949b: 44; all subsequent authors.
Epitritus as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Epitritus as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90.
Trichoscapa Emery, 1869b: 24 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Trichoscapa) membranifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Trichoscapa in Myrmicinae: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145.
Trichoscapa in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 323; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734; Brown, 1948e: 112; all subsequent authors.
Trichoscapa as subgenus of Strumigenys: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Forel, 1917: 246; Creighton, 1950a: 304.
Trichoscapa as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 13; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Trichoscapa as junior synonym of Cephaloxys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 323; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734.
Trichoscapa as genus: Brown, 1948e: 112; Kempf, 1972a: 255; Bolton, 1983: 319.
Trichoscapa as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90.
Pentastruma Forel, 1912a: 50. Type-species: Pentastruma sauteri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pentastruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 666; Emery, 1924d: 326; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 682; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Pentastruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Pentastruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Glamyromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 487. Type-species: Glamyromyrmex beebei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Glamyromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 491; Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 667; Emery, 1924d: 326; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 647; Brown, 1948e: 116; all subsequent authors.
Glamyromyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Glamyromyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Codiomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 326. Type-species: Codiomyrmex thaxteri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Codiomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 667; Emery, 1924d: 325; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633; Brown, 1948e: 114; all subsequent authors.
Codiomyrmex as subgenus of Strumigenys: Emery, 1924d: 325; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633.
Codiomyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 326; Brown, 1948e: 114.
Codiomyrmex as junior synonym of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Codiomyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Codiomyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Tingimyrmex Mann, 1926: 104 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Tingimyrmex) mirabilis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tingimyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 732; Brown, 1948e: 111; all subsequent authors.
Tingimyrmex as subgenus of Strumigenys: Mann, 1926: 104; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 732.
Tingimyrmex as genus: Brown, 1948e: 111; Kempf, 1972a: 250.
Tingimyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Tingimyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Codioxenus Santschi, 1931c: 278 [as subgenus of Epitritus]. Type-species: Epitritus (Codioxenus) simulans, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Codioxenus in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633; Brown, 1948e: 123; all subsequent authors.
Codioxenus as genus: Brown, 1948e: 123.
Codioxenus as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Codioxenus as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Smithistruma Brown, 1948e: 104.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1865: 76; junior homonym of Cephaloxys Signoret, 1847: 294 (Hemiptera). Type-species not Strumigenys pulchella, unjustified subsequent designation by Brown, 1948e: 104, repeated in Kempf, 1972a: 230, Bolton, 1983: 274 and Bolton, 1995b: 46.]
Smithistruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 104.
Smithistruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Smithistruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Homonym replaced by Smithistruma
Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1865: 76. Type-species: Cephaloxys capitata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Cephaloxys Smith, F. junior homonym of Cephaloxys Signoret, 1847: 294 (Hemiptera).]
Cephaloxys in Cryptoceridae: Smith, F. 1871a: 335.
Cephaloxys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668.
Cephaloxys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Dalla Torre, 1893: 15.
Cephaloxys as subgenus of Strumigenys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 323; Bernard, 1953b: 254 (anachronism).
Weberistruma Brown, 1948e: 106 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) leptothrix, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Weberistruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 106.
Weberistruma as genus: Brown, 1949d: 7; Brown, 1953g: 24.
Weberistruma as junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
Weberistruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Weberistruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Wessonistruma Brown, 1948e: 106 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys pergandei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Wessonistruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 106.
Wessonistruma junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
Wessonistruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Wessonistruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Serrastruma Brown, 1948e: 107 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys simoni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Serrastruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 107, and all subsequent authors.
Serrastruma as genus: Brown, 1949d: 6; Brown, 1952e: 70; Bolton, 1983: 335; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Serrastruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Serrastruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Neostruma Brown, 1948e: 111. Type-species: Strumigenys crassicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neostruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 111; all subsequent authors.
Neostruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Neostruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Dorisidris Brown, 1948e: 116. Type-species: Strumigenys (Codiomyrmex) nitens, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dorisidris in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 116; all subsequent authors.
Dorisidris as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Dorisidris as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Miccostruma Brown, 1948e: 123. Type-species: Epitritus mandibularis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Miccostruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 123.
Miccostruma as junior synonym of Smithistruma: Bolton, 1983: 274.
Miccostruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Miccostruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Kyidris Brown, 1949d: 3. Type-species: Kyidris mutica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Kyidris in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1949d: 3.
Kyidris as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Kyidris as junior synonymof Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Chelystruma Brown, 1950a: 33 [as subgenus of Glamyromyrmex]. Type-species: Glamyromyrmex (Chelystruma) lilloana, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Chelystruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1950a: 33; all subsequent authors.
Chelystruma as subgenus of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1953g: 16.
Chelystruma as genus: Kempf, 1959d: 338; Kempf, 1972a: 77.
Chelystruma as junior synonym of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Chelystruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Chelystruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Polyhomoa Azuma, 1950: 36. Type-species: Polyhomoa itoi (junior synonym of Kyidris mutica), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Polyhomoa as junior synonym of Kyidris: Creighton, 1950b: 93; Brown & Yasumatsu, 1951: 93.
Polyhomoa as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Polyhomoa as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Borgmeierita Brown, 1953g: 23. Type-species: Codiomyrmex excisus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Borgmeierita in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1953g: 23.
Borgmeierita as junior synonym of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1973a: 35.
Borgmeierita as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Borgmeierita as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Platystruma Brown, 1953g: 112 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) depressiceps, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Platystruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1953g: 112; all subsequent authors.
Platystruma as junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
Platystruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Platystruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Gymnomyrmex Borgmeier, 1954b: 279. Type-species: Gymnomyrmex splendens, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Gymnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Borgmeier, 1954b: 279; all subsequent authors.
Gymnomyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Gymnomyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Dysedrognathus Taylor, 1968d: 132. Type-species: Dysedrognathus extemenus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dysedrognathus in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Taylor, 1968d: 132.
Dysedrognathus as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 13; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Dysedrognathus as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Asketogenys Brown, 1972: 23. Type-species: Asketogenys acubecca, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Asketogenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1972: 23.
Asketogenys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Asketogenys as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Cladarogenys Brown, 1976b: 33. Type-species: Cladarogenys lasia, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cladarogenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1976b: 33.
Cladarogenys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Cladarogenys as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Genus Pyramica references
Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); André, 1883b: 398, 402 (Europe & Algeria Strumigenys (Trichoscapa), Epitritus species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 145, 148 (Strumigenys, Epitritus catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 325 (North America species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 146 (New World species key); Santschi, 1913b: 257 (Afrotropical species key); Emery, 1916b: 205 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1917: 373 (South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 918, 920 (Afrotropical Strumigenys (Cephaloxys), Epitritus catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 323, 325, 326 (Strumigenys (Cephaloxys), Strumigenys (Codiomyrmex), Glamyromyrmex, Pentastruma, Epitritus diagnoses, catalogues); Smith, M.R. 1931c: 691 (North America Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) species key); Buren, 1944a: 290 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Brown, 1948e: 112 - 124 (minor genera reviews); Brown, 1949b: 43 (Epitritus diagnosis, review); Brown, 1949d: 8 (Weberistruma species, review); Brown, 1949d: 21 (Japan, China & Taiwan species key); Creighton, 1950a: 301 (North America Strumigenys (Trichoscapa) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104, 105, 106 (Asia Epitritus, Kyidris, Pentastruma, Smithistruma, Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) checklists); Brown, 1950a: 27 (Glamyromyrmex review); Brown, 1952e: 86 (Serrastruma diagnosis, species revision, key); Brown, 1953g: 20, 24 (Codiomyrmex, Weberistruma reviews); Brown, 1953g: 31, 46, 92, 114, 125, 130 (Smithistruma diagnosis, Nearctic, Neotropical, Malesian, Afrotropical, Palaearctic species revisions, keys); Wilson & Brown, 1956b: 439 (Kyidris species review); Brown, 1959b: 1 (Neostruma species review); Kempf, 1959d: 339 (Gymnomyrmex species key); Brown, 1960b: 37 (Strumigenys gundlachi group revision, key); Kempf, 1960f: 447 (Neotropical Glamyromyrmex species key); Kempf, 1960f: 451 (Gymnomyrmex species key); Brown, 1962b: 79 (Epitritus species key); Brown, 1964a: 183 (supplement to 1953e Smithistruma revision); Bernard, 1967: 243, 245 (Smithistruma, Epitritus diagnoses); Kempf, 1972a: 37, 77, 98, 110, 116, 163, 230, 250, 255 (Neotropical Borgmeierita, Chelystruma, Codiomyrmex, Codioxenus, Dorisidris, Glamyromyrmex, Gymnomyrmex, Neostruma, Smithistruma, Tingimyrmex, Trichoscapa catalogues); Bolton, 1972: 208 (Epitritus species key); Alayo, 1974: 19 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1405, 1408 (North America Smithistruma, Trichoscapa catalogues); Taylor, 1987a: 28 (Australia checklist); Brown & Boisvert, 1979: 201 (Pentastruma species review); Bolton, 1983: 274, 319, 320, 335, 353, 354 (Afrotropical Smithistruma, Trichoscapa, Glamyromyrmex, Serrastruma, Cladarogenys, Epitritus species revisions, keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 64 (Australia Glamyromyrmex catalogue); Perrault, 1986a: 3 (Gymnomyrmex species key); Ward, 1988: 122 (Western Nearctic Smithistruma species key); Terayama & Kubota, 1989: 787 (Taiwan Smithistruma species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 344, 346, 360, 378 (Neotropical catalogue); Arakelian & Dlussky, 1991: 150 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 68 (Japan Smithistruma species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 76 (Japan Epitritus species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 - 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 75, 145, 146, 177, 183, 188, 207, 211, 219, 292, 316, 382, 383, 420, 421 (catalogue); Terayama, Lin & Wu, 1996: 328 (Taiwan Smithistruma species key); Ogata & Onoyama, 1998: 277 (Japan Smithistruma species key); Shattuck, 1999: 136, 170 (Australia Glamyromyrmex, Trichoscapa synopses); Bolton, 1999: 1657, 1667 (morphology, diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Xu, 2000e: 297 (China Epitritus species key); Bolton, 2000: 95, 137, 272, 285, 342, 372, 472 (Nearctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical, West Palaearctic, Malagasy, Malesian-Oriental-East Palaearctic, Austral species revisions, keys); Xu & Zhou, 2004: 441 (China species, key); Longino, 2006b: 139 (Costa Rica species, additions to key); Terayama, 2009: 138 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 487 species
Fossil:
Strumigenys Smith, F. 1860c: 72. Type-species: Strumigenys mandibularis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Strumigenys in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 334; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Strumigenys in Myrmicidae, Cryptoceridae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Strumigenys in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 26 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145.
Strumigenys in Cryptoceridae, Dacetini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Strumigenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1892d: 344; Forel, 1893a: 164; Forel, 1895b: 133; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1899c: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Arnold, 1917: 372; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 319; Brown, 1948e: 108; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of STRUMIGENYS
Labidogenys Roger, 1862a: 249. Type-species: Labidogenys lyroessa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Labidogenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 654; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Labidogenys as genus: Roger, 1862a: 249; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Labidogenys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Bingham, 1903: 147; Emery, 1924d: 320; Brown & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, 1960b: 38; Bolton, 1983: 358; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Proscopomyrmex Patrizi, 1946: 294. Type-species: Proscopomyrmex londianensis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Proscopomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Patrizi, 1946: 294 [Dacetonini].
Proscopomyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, 1949d: 15; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Eneria Donisthorpe, 1948d: 598. Type-species: Eneria excisa (junior synonym of Strumigenys loriae), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Eneria as genus: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104 (anachronism).
Eneria as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, 1949d: 15; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Quadristruma Brown, 1949b: 47. Type-species: Epitritus emmae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Quadristruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1949b: 47; all subsequent authors.
Quadristruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Genus Strumigenys references
Roger, 1863b: 40 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 26 (diagnosis); Forel, 1886a: 216 (all species key); Mayr, 1887: 568 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 145 (catalogue); Emery, 1895c: 325 (North America species key); Emery, 1897c: 574 (New Guinea species key); Forel, 1903a: 707 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 147 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 146 (New World species key); Santschi, 1913b: 257 (Afrotropical species key); Arnold, 1917: 373 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Mann, 1921: 467 (Fiji Is species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 917, 1034 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 319 (diagnosis, catalogue); Brown, 1948e: 108 (diagnosis, review of genus); Brown, 1949d: 21 (Japan, China & Taiwan species key); Creighton, 1950a: 301 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104, 107 (Asia Eneria, Strumigenys (Strumigenys) checklists); Brown, 1954k: 10 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Brown, 1958h: 38 (New Zealand species); Brown, 1962c: 238 (Neotropical species synopsis, key); Kempf, 1972a: 226, 243 (Neotropical Quadristruma, Strumigenys catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 19 (Cuba species key); Kempf, 1976b: 43 (additions to Brown, 1962c key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1403, 1409 (North America Strumigenys, Quadristruma catalogues); Bolton, 1983: 358, 400 (Afrotropical Strumigenys, Quadristruma species revisions, keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 85, 87 (Australia Quadristruma, Strumigenys catalogues); Taylor, 1987a: 66, 76 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Terayama & Kubota, 1989: 780 (Taiwan species key); Brandão, 1991: 380 (Neotropical catalogue); Arakelian & Dlussky, 1991: 150 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 63 (Japan species key); Dlussky, 1993: 53 (Fiji Is, Tonga and Samoa species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 377, 395 (catalogue); Gronenberg, 1996: 2021 (mandible morphology); Lin & Wu, 1996: 139 (Taiwan species key); Lattke & Goitía, 1997: 370 (Venezuela species key); Shattuck, 1999: 160, 167 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 1999: 1657, 1673 (morphology, diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Bolton, 2000: 496, 583, 716, 942 (Neotropical-Nearctic, Afrotropical, Malesian-Oriental-East Palaearctic, Austral species revisions, keys); Fisher, 2000: 614 (Malagasy species revision, key); Zhou, 2001b: 78 (China, Guangxi species key); Lin & Wu, 2001: 166 (Taiwan species key); Zhou & Xu, 2003: 737 (China species key); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2007: 676 (Japan species key); Terayama, 2009: 142 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 176 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Attini Atta TRUE TRUE FALSE15 species
Atta Fabricius, 1804: 421. Type-species: Formica cephalotes, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 159.
Taxonomic history
Atta in Myrmicites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 172.
Atta in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 161.
Atta in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 459 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 77 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 65 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 18 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 333 [Myrmicidae]; Cresson, 1887: 259 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 150.
Atta in Cryptoceridae, Attinae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Atta in Myrmicinae, Attini: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae, Attidae]; Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1899c: 30; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 669; Emery, 1924d: 352; all subsequent authors.
[Myrmegis (nomen nudum) referable to Atta: Brown, 1973b: 182 (see under Myrmegis).]
Junior synonyms of ATTA
Oecodoma Latreille, 1818: 222. Type-species: Formica cephalotes, by subsequent designation of Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 174.
Taxonomic history
Oecodoma in Myrmicites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 176.
Oecodoma in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 180.
Oecodoma as junior synonym of Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35. [Atta and Oecodoma share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Archeatta Gonçalves, 1942: 342 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-species: Oecodoma mexicana, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Archeatta as subgenus of Atta: Gonçalves, 1942: 342; Borgmeier, 1959b: 350; Kempf, 1972a: 27.
Archeatta as junior synonym of Atta: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 832; Weber, 1958a: 8; Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Neoatta Gonçalves, 1942: 346 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-species: Formica sexdens, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neoatta as subgenus of Atta: Gonçalves, 1942: 346; Borgmeier, 1959b: 358; Kempf, 1972a: 27.
Neoatta as junior synonym of Atta: Weber, 1958a: 8; Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Palaeatta Borgmeier, 1950d: 244 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-species: Atta bisphaerica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Palaeatta as subgenus of Atta: Borgmeier, 1950d: 244; Borgmeier, 1959b: 377; Kempf, 1972a: 28.
Palaeatta as junior synonym of Atta: Weber, 1958a: 8; Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Epiatta Borgmeier, 1950d: 246 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-species: Oecodoma laevigata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Epiatta as junior synonym of Atta: Weber, 1958a: 8.
Epiatta as junior synonym of Neoatta: Borgmeier, 1959b: 358.
Genus Atta references
Mayr, 1855: 459 (diagnosis); Smith, F. 1858b: 161, 180 (Atta, Oecodoma diagnoses); Mayr, 1861: 66 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 35 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 395, 437 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 18 (diagnosis); Cresson, 1887: 259 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 150 (catalogue); Gallardo, 1916d: 340 (Argentina species key); Emery, 1924d: 352 (diagnosis, catalogue); Gonçalves, 1942: 334 (all species key); Gonçalves, 1947a: 186 (south & central Brazil species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 82 (Asia checklist, anachronisms); Borgmeier, 1959b: 335 (subgenera key); Borgmeier, 1959b: 337 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Kempf, 1972a: 26 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1413 (North America catalogue); Mackay & Mackay, 1988: 25 (Colombia species key); Cherrett & Cherrett, 1989: 1 (bibliography); Brandão, 1991: 328 (catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 75 (catalogue).
Myrmicinae Stenammini Calyptomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE37 species
Calyptomyrmex Emery, 1887b: 471. Type-species: Calyptomyrmex beccarii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Calyptomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 136.
Calyptomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141.
Calyptomyrmex in Cryptoceridae, Cataulacinae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Calyptomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Meranoplini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Arnold, 1917: 360; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 224; Wheeler, W.M. 1934a: 176; Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 7 (in key); all subsequent authors to the following.
Calyptomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Calyptomyrmecini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Calyptomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonym of CALYPTOMYRMEX
Weberidris Donisthorpe, 1949a: 281. Type-species: Weberidris rufobrunnea (junior synonym of Calyptomyrmex beccarii), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Weberidris in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1949a: 281.
Weberidris as junior synonym of Calyptomyrmex: Donisthorpe, 1949f: 186; Brown, 1949f: 84.
Genus Calyptomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 136 (catalogue); Arnold, 1917: 360 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 886 (Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 224 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 111 (Asia checklist); Baroni Urbani, 1975a: 410 (Oriental species revision, key); Bolton, 1981a: 61 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species revision, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 55 (Australia catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 83 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 128 (Australia synopsis); Shattuck, 2011: 3 (S.E. Asia and Oceania species revision, key).
Myrmicinae Stenammini Lordomyrma TRUE TRUE FALSE27 species
Lordomyrma Emery, 1897c: 591. Type-species: Lordomyrma furcifera, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 166.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Podomyrma caledonica, incorrect subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1919f: 98.]
Lordomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Lordomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 238 [subtribe Podomyrmini]; all subsequent authors to those below; Kugler, C. 1994: 25.
Lordomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16.
Lordomyrma in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of LORDOMYRMA
Promeranoplus Emery, 1914f: 412. Type-species: Promeranoplus rouxi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Promeranoplus in Myrmicinae, Meranoplini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 225; Wheeler, W.M. 1934a: 176; Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 6 (in key); all subsequent authors to the following.
Promeranoplus in Myrmicinae, Calyptomyrmecini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Promeranoplus as junior synonym of Lordomyrma: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14; Bolton, 1994: 106; Taylor, 2009: 17.
Prodicroaspis Emery, 1914f: 414. Type-species: Prodicroaspis sarasini, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Prodicroaspis in Myrmicinae, Meranoplini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 223; Wheeler, W.M. 1934a: 176; Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 6 (in key); all subsequent authors to the following.
Prodicroaspis in Myrmicinae, Calyptomyrmecini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Prodicroaspis as junior synonym of Lordomyrma: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14; Bolton, 1994: 106; Taylor, 2009: 16.
Genus Lordomyrma references
Wheeler, W.M. 1919f: 98 (diagnosis, all species key); Emery, 1924d: 223 (Prodicroaspis diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 223 (Promeranoplus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 238 (diagnosis, catalogue); Donisthorpe, 1941a: 37 (all species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 116 (Asia checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 65 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 37, 65, 66 (Australia, New Caledonia checklists); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 248 (catalogue); Kugler, C. 1997: 193 (sting structure); Shattuck, 1999: 137 (Australia synopsis); Sarnat, 2006: 13 (Fiji Is species, key); Taylor, 2009: 16 (notes on synonyms).
Myrmicinae Stenammini Rogeria TRUE TRUE FALSE40 species
Rogeria Emery, 1894c: 188. Type-species: Rogeria curvipubens, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 172.
Taxonomic history
Rogeria in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Kusnezov, 1958a: 44; Kusnezov, 1964: 57.
Rogeria in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Rogeria in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 266; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 724; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 111; Kempf, 1972a: 227; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1391; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Jaffe, 1993: 11; Kugler, C. 1994: 24.
Rogeria in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16.
Rogeria in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonym of ROGERIA
Irogera Emery, 1915i: 191 [as subgenus of Rogeria]. Type-species: Rogeria procera, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Irogera in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Forel, 1917: 245; Emery, 1924d: 267; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653.
Irogera as subgenus of Rogeria: Emery, 1915i: 191; Forel, 1917: 245; Emery, 1924d: 267; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653.
Irogera as genus: Brown, 1953h: 4 (in text); Kempf, 1961d: 436; Kempf, 1964e: 66.
Irogera as junior synonym of Rogeria: Kempf, 1965: 185; Kugler, C. 1994: 23.
Genus Rogeria references
Mann, 1921: 456 (Melanesia species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677 (subgenera key); Emery, 1924d: 266 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 111 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1963a: 195 (Neotropical species key); Kempf, 1964e: 66 (Irogera species key); Kempf, 1972a: 227 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1391 (North America catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 72 (New Caledonia checklist); Brandão, 1991: 377 (catalogue); Kugler, C. 1994: 17 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 381 (catalogue); LaPolla & Sosa-Calvo, 2006: 67 (Guyana species key); Heterick, 2009: 175 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Stenammini Stenamma TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 44 species
Fossil: 1 species
Stenamma Westwood, 1839: 219. Type-species: Stenamma westwoodii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Stenamma in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Stenamma in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1861: 55 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 23 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 121.
Stenamma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 53; Kempf, 1972a: 242 (anachronism).
Stenamma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 52 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Karavaiev, 1934: 96; Kugler, C. 1994: 25.
Stenamma in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of STENAMMA
Asemorhoptrum Mayr, 1861: 76. Type-species: Myrmica lippula, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Asemorhoptrum in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 20 [Myrmicidae]; Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 460; [Myrmicidae].
Asemorhoptrum as junior synonym of Stenamma: André, 1883a: 310; all subsequent authors except the following.
[Asemorhoptrum as junior synonym of Proatta: Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395 (error).]
Theryella Santschi, 1921d: 68. Type-species: Theryella myops (provisional junior synonym of Stenamma punctiventre), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Theryella as junior synonym of Stenamma: Santschi, 1923a: 136; all subsequent authors except the following.
[Theryella as junior synonym of Proatta: Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395 (error).]
Genus Stenamma references
Roger, 1863b: 25, 27 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 395, 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 20, 23 (Asemorhoptrum, Stenamma diagnoses); André, 1883a: 311 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 121 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 693 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Emery, 1908c: 306 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 127 (Italy species key); Emery, 1921f: 52 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnol'di, 1928b: 215 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 599 (Russia species key); Buren, 1944a: 284 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 135 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 153 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1957b: 141 (U.S.A. species key); Yasumatsu & Murakami, 1960: 28 (Japan species key); Smith, M.R. 1962a: 38 (Mexico and Central America species key); Gregg, 1963: 347 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 120 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 126 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 242 (Neotropical catalogue); Snelling, R.R. 1973c: 5 (Western U.S.A. species key); Arnol'di, 1975: 1826 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Kutter, 1977c: 74 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 535 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 80 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1357 (North America, catalogue); Allred, 1982: 443 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 297 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 33 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 268 (Balkans species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 116 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 14 (Japan species key); Arakelian, 1994: 29 (Armenia species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 344 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 393 (catalogue); Seifert, 1996b: 155 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 44 (Britain species key); Fernández, Baena & Palacio, 1996: 9 (Colombia species key); DuBois, 1998b: 215 (Palaearctic & Oriental species revision, keys); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 209 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Lyu & Cho, 2004: 263 (Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 143 (North and Central Europe species key); Branstetter, 2009: 43 (diagnosis).
Myrmicinae Stenammini Vollenhovia TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 58 species, 18 subspecies
Fossil: 2 species
Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865: 21. Type-species: Vollenhovia punctatostriata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Vollenhovia in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 21 [Myrmicidae] Dalla Torre, 1893: 61.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 51.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini] Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 163; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; all subsequent authors to the following.
Vollenhovia incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 81.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Metaponini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Bolton, 2003: 59.
Junior synonyms of VOLLENHOVIA
Vollenhovenia Dalla Torre, 1893: 61, unjustified subsequent emendation of Vollenhovia.
Taxonomic history
Vollenhovenia as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Forel, 1893a: 166; Emery, 1922e: 163.
†Propodomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 163 (by indication). Type-species: †Propodomyrma samlandica (junior synonym of †Macromischa beyrichi), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[†Propodomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 413, nomen nudum.]
†Propodomyrma as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 51; Emery, 1922e: 163.
Heteromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Vollenhovia rufiventris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Heteromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 650.
Heteromyrmex as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Ettershank, 1966: 146.
Aratromyrmex Stitz, 1938: 105. Type-species: Aratromyrmex luctuosus, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 625.
Taxonomic history
Aratromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 625.
Aratromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135.
Aratromyrmex as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Baroni Urbani, 1980a: 96.
Dyomorium Donisthorpe, 1947d: 191. Type-species: Dyomorium ireneum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dyomorium in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Donisthorpe, 1947d: 191.
Dyomorium as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Ettershank, 1966: 146.
Dorothea Donisthorpe, 1948c: 65. Type-species: Dorothea novobritainae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dorothea as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Ettershank, 1966: 146.
Genus Vollenhovia references
Mayr, 1867a: 94 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 61 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 213 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 163 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1026 (Malagasy catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135, 169, 174 (Asia Aratromyrmex, Vollenhovia, Dyomorium checklists); Ettershank, 1966: 146 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 92 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 80 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Taylor, 1991db: 612 (Australia species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 48 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 422 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 106 (China species key); Terayama & Kinomura, 1997: 1 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 171 (Australia synopsis); Terayama, 2009: 147 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 160 species, 13 subspecies
Fossil: 6 species
Carebara Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Carebara lignata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Carebara in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 178.
Carebara in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 23 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 334 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae].
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Myrmicariini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kusnezov, 1964: 61; Kempf, 1972a: 74; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 2003: 61.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 248; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 219; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Junior synonyms of CAREBARA
Oligomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 110. Type-species: Oligomyrmex concinnus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kempf, 1972a: 172; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389; Jaffe, 1993: 10.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 215; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Oligomyrmex as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Aeromyrma Forel, 1891b: 198. Type-species: Aeromyrma nosindambo, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Aeromyrma also described as new by Forel, 1891a: cccvii; no species-rank taxa named.]
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 78.
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 256; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 215; all subsequent authors.
Aeromyrma as genus: Forel, 1891b: 198; Arnold, 1916: 256; Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663, 882.
Aeromyrma as subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Emery, 1915c: 59 (footnote); Emery, 1924d: 215; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620.
Aeromyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Aeromyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Aneleus Emery, 1900c: 327 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-species: Solenopsis similis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 158.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Pheidologeton pygmaeus, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 77; repeated in Emery, 1924d: 214.]
Aneleus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Aneleus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 254; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 213; all subsequent authors.
Aneleus as genus: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 254; Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 213.
Aneleus as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Aneleus as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Erebomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 138. Type-species: Erebomyrma longii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 145; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 46; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 218; all subsequent authors.
Erebomyrma as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 218; Creighton, 1950a: 245; Kusnezov, 1964: 62; Wilson, 1986b: 61; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13.
Erebomyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; Kempf, 1972a: 172; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 298.
Erebomyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Paedalgus Forel, 1911i: 217. Type-species: Paedalgus escherichi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1911i: 218; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 221; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Paedalgus as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Lecanomyrma Forel, 1913k: 56 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-species: Pheidologeton (Lecanomyrma) butteli, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lecanomyrma as subgenus of Pheidologeton: Forel, 1913k: 56; Forel, 1917: 243.
Lecanomyrma as subgenus of Aneleus: Emery, 1924d: 215.
Lecanomyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Lecanomyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Spelaeomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 9. Type-species: Spelaeomyrmex urichi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Spelaeomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologitonini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 11; Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59.
Spelaeomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Spelaeomyrmex as junior synonym of Erebomyrma: Wilson, 1962a: 63.
Spelaeomyrmex as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Hendecatella Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 93 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Hendecatella) capreolus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hendecatella as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors.
Hendecatella as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Solenops Karavaiev, 1930a: 207 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Solenops) weyeri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Solenops as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors.
Solenops as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Crateropsis Patrizi, 1948: 174 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Crateropsis) elmenteitae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Crateropsis as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120; all subsequent authors.
Crateropsis as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Sporocleptes Arnold, 1948: 219. Type-species: Sporocleptes nicotianae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Sporocleptes as junior synonym of Aneleus: Consani, 1951: 169; Arnold, 1952a: 460.
Sporocleptes as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Nimbamyrma Bernard, 1953b: 240. Type-species: Nimbamyrma villiersi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Nimbamyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Bernard, 1953b: 240.
Nimbamyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120; all subsequent authors.
Nimbamyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194; Fernández, 2010: 201.
Afroxyidris Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 631. Type-species: Afroxyidris crigensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Afroxyidris in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetonini: Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 632; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Afroxyidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Afroxyidris as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Neoblepharidatta Sheela & Narendran, 1997: 88. Type-species: Neoblepharidatta nayana, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neoblepharidatta incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Sheela & Narendran, 1997: 89.
Neoblepharidatta as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 216, 273.
Neoblepharidatta as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Parvimyrma Eguchi & Bui, 2007: 40. Type-species: Parvimyrma sangi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parvimyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Eguchi & Bui, 2007: 40.
Parvimyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2010: 195.
Genus Carebara references
Smith, F. 1858b: 178 (Carebara diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 32 (Carebara catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 402 (Carebara catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 23 (Carebara diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 106 (Carebara diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 74, 78 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Bingham, 1903: 150 (Carebara diagnosis); Bingham, 1903: 154 (Oligomyrmex India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Santschi, 1913e: 459 (African Oligomyrmex, key); Santschi, 1914d: 363 (Afrotropical Carebara species key); Arnold, 1916: 248, 254, 256 (Carebara, Aneleus, Aeromyrma diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 165, 687 (Aeromyrma diagnosis, Oligomyrmex subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 168, 172, 883 (Carebara diagnosis, Afrotropical species key, Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 177, 884 (Paedalgus diagnosis, Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880, 881, 882 (Afrotropical Aneleus, Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1028 (Malagasy Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 213 (Aneleus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 215 (Aneleus (Lecanomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 215 (Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 217 (O. (Oligomyrex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 218 (Erebomyrma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 219 (Carebara diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 221 (Paedalgus diagnosis, catalogue); Weber, 1950a: 1 (Africa Oligomyrmex species, synopsis); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 151, 154, 156, 158 (Asia Carebara, Aeromyrma, Aneleus, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus checklists); Weber, 1952: 11 (Africa O. (Aeromyrma) species key); Ettershank, 1966: 119 (Oligomyrmex diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 125 (Carebara diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 128 (Paedalgus diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 74 (Carebara Neotropical catalogue); Kempf, 1972a: 172 (Oligomyrmex Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389 (Oligomyrmex North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 71 (Oligomyrmex Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 50 (Oligomyrmex Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Taylor, 1991db: 605 (Oligomyrmex Australia species, partial key); Brandão, 1991: 342 (Oligomyrmex Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 45 (Oligomyrmex Japan species key); Bolton & Belshaw, 1993: 181 (Paedalgus diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048, 1051 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus census); Bolton, 1995b: 133, 298, 311 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 74 (Oligomyrmex China species key); Terayama, 1996: 24 (Oligomyrmex Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 148 (Oligomyrmex Australia synopsis); Xu, 2003: 311 (Oligomyrmex China species key); Terayama, 2009: 151 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 386 species, 30 subspecies
Fossil: 3 species
Monomorium Mayr, 1855: 452. Type-species: Monomorium monomorium (replacement name for Monomorium minutum, junior secondary homonym in Monomorium), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Monomorium in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 452 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 71 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 65.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 124; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 78; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; in Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Arnold, 1916: 203; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 166; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of MONOMORIUM
Phacota Roger, 1862b: 260. Type-species: Phacota sichelii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Phacota in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Phacota in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 71.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 187; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; all subsequent authors except the entry below; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Phacota as genus: Bolton, 1987: 281.
Phacota as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865: 19. Type-species: Trichomyrmex rogeri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 733.
Trichomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
†Lampromyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 93. Type-species: †Monomorium mayrianum (replacement name for †Lampromyrmex gracillimus, junior secondary homonym in Monomorium), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1868c: 93 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 78.
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 183 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655.
†Lampromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45.
†Lampromyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1922e: 183; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
†Lampromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 299.
Holcomyrmex Mayr, 1879: 671. Type-species: Holcomyrmex scabriceps, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 280.
Taxonomic history
[Holcomyrmex Smith, F. 1873: ix, nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.]
Holcomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Holcomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 181 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 650.
Holcomyrmex as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 65; Forel, 1903a: 692; Bingham, 1903: 280.
Holcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 181; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Holcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Emery, 1908h: 667; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 295.
Epoecus Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi. Type-species: Epoecus pergandei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Anergatini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 204; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643.
Epoecus as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287.
Wheeleriella Forel, 1907f: 145.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 171; junior homonym of Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37 (Lepidoptera).]
Wheeleriella in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Wheeleriella in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 186; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Wheeleriella as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 291.
Homonym replaced by Wheeleriella
Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 171. Type-species: Wheeleria santschii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37 (Lepidoptera).]
Epixenus Emery, 1908f: 556. Type-species: Epixenus andrei (junior secondary homonym in Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium advena), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 163.
Taxonomic history
Epixenus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 184; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643.
Epixenus as junior synonym of Monomorium: Brown & Wilson, 1957bb: 244; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287; Tinaut & Ortiz, 1988: 167.
Mitara Emery, 1913b: 261 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium laeve, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Mitara in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Arnold, 1916: 238; Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; all subsequent authors.
Mitara as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1913b: 261; Emery, 1915i: 190; Arnold, 1916: 238; Forel, 1917: 242.
Mitara as junior synonym of †Lampromyrmex: Emery, 1922e: 183; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162, 676.
Mitara as genus: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 662.
Mitara as junior synoynm of Monomorium: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 299.
Chelaner Emery, 1914f: 410 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Chelaner) forcipatum, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1922e: 168.
Taxonomic history
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Emery, 1922e: 168; all subsequent authors except the following.
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81.
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Chelaner as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1914f: 410; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 168; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Chelaner as genus: Ettershank, 1966: 93; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 55; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Chelaner (and its junior synonyms Notomyrmex, Protholcomyrmex, Schizopelta) as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 300; Heterick, 2001: 354.
Notomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Atta antarctica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Notomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 168; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; Kusnezov, 1956: 20.
Notomyrmex as genus: Kusnezov, 1957a: 269 (in key); Kusnezov, 1960b: 343; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 60.
Notomyrmex as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Parholcomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Myrmica gracillima (junior synonym of Atta destructor), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parholcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 179; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; subsequent authors to the following.
Parholcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
[Paraholcomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 191, Forel, 1917: 242, incorrect subsequent spellings.]
Xeromyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Formica salomonis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Xeromyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 175; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677.
Xeromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 294.
Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915c: 259 [as subgenus of Monomorium.] Type-species: Monomorium modestum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Emery, 1922e: 175; all subsequent authors to the following.
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81.
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Syllophopsis as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1915c: 259; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 175; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 729; Arnold, 1952a: 465.
Syllophopsis as genus: Santschi, 1921c: 119; Santschi, 1936a: 32; Ettershank, 1966: 100.
Syllophopsis as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 287.
[Syllopsis Santschi, 1921c: 120, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Corynomyrmex Viehmeyer, 1916a: 133 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Corynomyrmex) hospitum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Corynomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Viehmeyer, 1916a: 133; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 174.
Corynomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287.
Isolcomyrmex Santschi, 1917b: 296 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex santschii (junior secondary homonym in Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium santschianum), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Isolcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1917b: 296; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Isolcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
[Isholcomyrmex Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Paraphacota Santschi, 1919d: 90. Type-species: Paraphacota surcoufi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Phacota noualhieri, unjustified subsequent designation by Santschi, 1927d: 245; repeated in Ettershank, 1966: 82 and Bolton, 1973a: 352.]
Paraphacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 681.
Paraphacota as junior synonym of Monomorium: Santschi, 1927d: 243; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 293.
Equestrimessor Santschi, 1919d: 92 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex chobauti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 644.
Taxonomic history
Equestrimessor as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1919d: 92;Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677; Santschi, 1936a: 32.
Equestrimessor as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287, 297.
[Equessimessor Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Xenhyboma Santschi, 1919g: 405. Type-species: Xenhyboma mystes (junior synonym of Monomorium medinae), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xenhyboma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736.
Xenhyboma as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Espadaler, 1982b: 112; Bolton, 1987: 293.
Protholcomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium rothsteini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Protholcomyrmex as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Ireneidris Donisthorpe, 1943c: 81. Type-species: Ireneidris myops (junior synonym of Monomorium talpa), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Ireneidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini [subtribe Monomoriini]: Donisthorpe, 1943c: 82.
Ireneidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 298.
Schizopelta McAreavey, 1949: 14. Type-species: Schizopelta falcata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Schizopelta as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Nothidris Ettershank, 1966: 105. Type-species: Monomorium latastei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Megalomyrmex genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; in Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Megalomyrmecini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kempf, 1972a: 165; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Nothidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Pharaophanes Bernard, 1967: 168 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Formica pharaonis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Pharaophanes Bernard, 1953b: 238 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Unavailable name; proposed without designation of type-species. Species included by Bernard (1953) are all referable to Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 288; Bolton, 1995b: 42 (see also note in Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 90).]
Pharaophanes as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 2003: 213.
Antichthonidris Snelling, R.R. 1975: 5. Type-species: Monomorium denticulatum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Antichthonidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Antichthonidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Antichthonidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Heterick, 2001: 361.
Epelysidris Bolton, 1987: 279. Type-species: Epelysidris brocha, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Epelysidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Epelysidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995a: 1049; Bolton, 1995b: 188.
Epelysidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Genus Monomorium references
Roger, 1863b: 30, 31 (Phacota, Monomorium catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 429, 440 (Monomorium, Phacota catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 19, 22 (Trichomyrmex, Monomorium, Phacota diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 95 (Monomorium diagnosis); Mayr, 1876: 100 (Australia Monomorium species key); Emery, 1881b: 530 (Mediterranean & Red Sea Monomorium species key); André, 1883a: 331, 343 (Europe & Algeria Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); André, 1883b: 397 (Phacota); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A. Monomorium catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 69 (Russia Monomorium species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 65, 71, 72, 78 (Holcomyrmex, Monomorium, Phacota, Trichomyrmex, †Lampromyrmex catalogues); Forel, 1903a: 685, 692 (India & Sri Lanka Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); Bingham, 1903: 200, 282 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 633 (Russian Empire Monomorium species key); Emery, 1908h: 664 (Palaearctic Monomorium species key); Emery, 1915i: 190 (Monomorium subgenera key); Arnold, 1916: 203, 204 (Monomorium diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1916b: 161 (Italy Monomorium species key); Santschi, 1921c: 121 (Syllophopsis species key); Emery, 1922e: 166 (Monomorium diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 168 (M. (Chelaner) & M. (Notomyrmex) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 170 (M. (Monomorium) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 174 (M. (Corynomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 175 (M. (Syllophopsis) & M. (Xeromyrmex) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 179 (M. (Parholcomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 181 (M. (Holcomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 183 (M. (Lampromyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 184 (Epixenus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 185 (Trichomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 186 (Wheeleriella diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 187 (Phacota diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 204 (Epoecus diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 161, 675, 862, 1026 (Monomorium diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Menozzi, 1933b: 64 (Israel Monomorium species key); Santschi, 1936a: 33 (Mediterranean & Africa M. (Xeromyrmex) key); Buren, 1944a: 289 (U.S.A., Iowa Monomorium species key); Kusnezov, 1949a: 431 (Argentina Monomorium species); Creighton, 1950a: 217 (North America Monomorium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 239 (Epoecus, review of genus); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 162, 169 (Asia Ireneidris, Monomorium, Trichomyrmex, Wheeleriella checklists); Bernard, 1955b: 282 (Epixenus species key); Brown, 1958h: 28 (New Zealand Monomorium species key); Gregg, 1963: 367 (U.S.A., Colorado Monomorium species key); Ettershank, 1966: 82, 93, 100 (Monomorium, Chelaner, Syllophopsis diagnoses, reviews of genera, checklists); Bernard, 1967: 165 (Monomorium diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 143 (Neotropical Monomorium catalogue); Kempf, 1972a: 165 (Nothidris catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 14 (Cuba Monomorium species key); Snelling, R.R. 1975: 5 (Nothidris all species key); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 79 (Nothidris all species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (former European U.S.S.R. Monomorium species key); Collingwood, 1978: 82 (Iberian Peninsula Monomorium species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381 (North America Monomorium catalogue); Tohmé & Tohmé, 1980a: 1087 (Lebanon & Syria Epixenus species key); Collingwood, 1985: 267 (Saudi Arabia Monomorium species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 55, 70 (Australia Chelaner, Monomorium catalogues); DuBois, 1986: 74 (Nearctic Monomorium species revision, key); Bolton, 1987: 281 (Phacota diagnosis, review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 283 (Antichthonidris, review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 284 (Nothidris review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 287 (Monomorium diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Taylor, 1987a: 19, 40 and Taylor, 1987b: 2 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand Monomorium checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 272 (Balkans Monomorium species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 231 (Turkmenistan Monomorium species key); Brandão, 1991: 326, 357 (Neotropical Monomorium catalogue); Brandão, 1991: 361 (Nothidris catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 38 (Japan Monomorium species key); Arakelian, 1994: 46 (Armenia Monomorium species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048, 1050, 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 67, 258, 292, 316 (Antichthonidris, Monomorium, Nothidris, Phacota catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 88 (China Monomorium species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 337 (Saudi Arabia Monomorium species key); Radchenko, 1997f: 211 (M. scabriceps group revision, key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 19 (Portugal Monomorium species key); Shattuck, 1999: 145 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2001: 367 (Australia Monomorium species revision, key); Zhou, 2001b: 112 (China, Guangxi Monomorium species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 127 (U.S.A., New Mexico Monomorium species key); Heterick, 2006: 84 (Malagasy Monomorium species revision, key); Fernández, 2007b: 139 (Neotropical Monomorium species key); Terayama, 2009: 154 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 158 (south-western Australia species key); Aldawood & Sharaf, 2011: 52 (Saudi Arabia M. monomorium group key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Pheidologeton TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 32 species, 16 subspecies
Fossil: 2 species
Pheidologeton Mayr, 1862: 750. Type-species: Oecodoma diversa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 160.
Taxonomic history
Pheidologeton in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 211; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Junior synonyms of PHEIDOLOGETON
Phidologeton Bingham, 1903: 160, unjustified emendation of Pheidologeton.
Taxonomic history
Phidologeton as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880.
Amauromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 1. Type-species: Amauromyrmex speculifrons (junior synonym of Pheidole silenus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Amauromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 3; all subsequent authors.
Amauromyrmex as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
Idrisella Santschi, 1937h: 372. Type-species: Pheidologeton dentiviris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Idrisella in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653.
Idrisella as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
Genus Pheidologeton references
Roger, 1863b: 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 442 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 22 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 100 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 72 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 690 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 162 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 682 (subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880 (Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 211 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 155, 158 (Asia Amauromyrmex, Pheidologeton checklists); Ettershank, 1966: 115 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 79 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 55 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 333 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 72 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 156 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 89 (China, Guangxi species key); Zhou, Zhao & Jia, 2006: 870 (China species key); Terayama, 2009: 156 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Solenopsis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 183 species, 75 subspecies
Fossil: 8 species
Solenopsis Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Solenopsis mandibularis (junior synonym of Atta geminata), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Solenopsis in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 177.
Solenopsis in Attidae: Smith, F. 1860a: 74; Smith, F. 1861b: 48.
Solenopsis in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 333; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Solenopsis in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 24 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 271.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Forel, 1895b: 130; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1899c: 79; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 242; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 195; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kempf, 1972a: 232; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1384; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of SOLENOPSIS
Diplorhoptrum Mayr, 1855: 449. Type-species: Formica fugax, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Diplorhoptrum in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 449 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 72 [Myrmicidae].
Diplorhoptrum in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 195; all subsequent authors.
Diplorhoptrum as genus: Mayr, 1855: 449; Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 68; Kutter, 1977c: 98; Bernard, 1978a: 543; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539; Collingwood, 1979: 64; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 132; Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 167; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 102; Baroni Urbani, 1995: 20 (footnote).
Diplorhoptrum as subgenus of Solenopsis: Creighton, 1930b: 43; Santschi, 1934e: 566 (in text), 568; Creighton, 1950a: 233; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 813; Kusnezov, 1956: 27; Kusnezov, 1957a: 273; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Smith, M.R. 1967: 358.
Diplorhoptrum as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Mayr, 1862: 751; Roger, 1863b: 32; Mayr, 1863: 453; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75; Forel, 1915d: 9; Emery, 1922e: 195; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 877; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 639; Ettershank, 1966: 134; Kempf, 1972a: 232; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1384; Bolton, 1987: 285; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 27.
Octella Forel, 1915b: 70 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Octella) pachycerus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Octella as subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 687; Emery, 1924d: 218.
Octella as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
Octella as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Taylor, 1991db: 611.
Synsolenopsis Forel, 1918b: 155 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Synsolenopsis) bruchi (junior primary homonym in Solenopsis, replaced by Solenopsis bruchiella), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Synsolenopsis as subgenus of Solenopsis: Forel, 1918b: 155; Emery, 1922e: 196.
Synsolenopsis as genus: Creighton, 1930b: 41 (in text); Kusnezov, 1953c: 341; Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Synsolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Diagyne Santschi, 1923c: 268 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis succinea by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Diagyne in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 638.
Diagyne as subgenus of Solenopsis: Santschi, 1923c: 268; Creighton, 1930b: 42; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160.
Diagyne junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Labauchena Santschi, 1930d: 81. Type-species: Labauchena daguerrei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Labauchena in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Santschi, 1930d: 81; all subsequent authors.
Labauchena as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Euophthalma Creighton, 1930b: 43 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Myrmica globularia, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Euophthalma as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Oedaleocerus Creighton, 1930b: 43 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis angulata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Oedaleocerus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 677.
Oedaleocerus as subgenus of Solenopsis: Creighton, 1930b: 43.
Oedaleocerus as genus: Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Oedaleocerus as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Bisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1953d: 9. Type-species: Bisolenopsis sea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bisolenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1953d: 9; Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 159; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Bisolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
[Disolenopsis Snelling, R.R. 1981: 397, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Paranamyrma Kusnezov, 1953d: 17. Type-species: Paranamyrma solenopsidis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Paranamyrma also described as new by Kusnezov, 1954a: 9.]
Paranamyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1957a: 267 (in key); Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Paranamyrma as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Granisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1956: 26 [as subgenus of Solenopsis] (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Solenopsis (Granisolenopsis) granivora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Granisolenopsis also described as new by Kusnezov, 1957a: 277.]
Granisolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Lilidris Kusnezov, 1956: 26 (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Lilidris metatarsalis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Lilidris also described as new by Kusnezov, 1957a: 274 and Kusnezov, 1958b: 189.]
Lilidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1957a: 274; Kusnezov, 1958b: 189; Kusnezov, 1962b: 159; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Lilidris as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Genus Solenopsis references
Smith, F. 1858b: 177 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 32 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 24 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 109 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 996 (all species key); André, 1883b: 387 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 75 (catalogue); Emery, 1896g: 82 (New World species key); Forel, 1903a: 689 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 158 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1909a: 29 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 165 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1916: 242 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 195 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 163, 877, 1028 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 218 (Oligomyrmex (Octella) diagnosis, catalogue); Creighton, 1930b: 42 (subgenera key); Creighton, 1930b: 45 (S. (Solenopsis) species key); Creighton, 1930b: 106 (S. (Euophthalma) species key); Cole, 1942: 361 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Bernard, 1950a: 5 (France species key); Creighton, 1950a: 228 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 167 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1952b: 50 (South America S. saevissima complex, key); Kusnezov, 1953c: 347 (Synsolenopsis species key); Gregg, 1963: 370 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Snelling, R.R. 1963: 1 (U.S.A S. geminata group species); Ettershank, 1966: 134 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Bernard, 1967: 170 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kusnezov, 1969: 37 (Bisolenopsis species key); Buren, 1972: 1 (S. geminata group, partial revision); Kempf, 1972a: 232 (Neotropical catalogue); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 81 (Chile species key); Kutter, 1977c: 99 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 82 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Bernard, 1978a: 573 (France species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1385 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 443 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 302 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 87 (Australia catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 50 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 72 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (Balkans species key); Bolton, 1987: 285 (synonymy notes); Thompson & Johnson, 1989: 697 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 240 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 378 (Neotropical catalogue); Trager, 1991: 141 (S. geminata group revision, key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 41 (Japan species key); Arakelian, 1994: 48 (Armenia species key); Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 102 (Central Palaearctic species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 386 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 70 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 358 (Saudi Arabia species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 18 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 165 (Australia synopsis); Taber, 2000: 234 (U.S.A. S. geminata group, key); Snelling, R.R. 2001: 522 (Puerto Rico S. fugax group, key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 196 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Terayama, 2009: 157 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 176 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 171 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil: 5 species
Myrmica Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica rubra, by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810: 437; see also Yarrow, 1955b: 113.
Taxonomic history
Myrmica in Myrmicites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 180.
Myrmica in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 114.
Myrmica in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 324; Cresson, 1887: 260.
Myrmica in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 396 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 62 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 460 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 108.
Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 63; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 40; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 59; Forel, 1917: 241; Bondroit, 1918: 96; Emery, 1921f: 36; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of MYRMICA
Sifolinia Emery, 1907: 49. Type-species: Sifolinia laurae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sifolinia in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 117; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661.
Sifolinia in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Collingwood, 1979: 58; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Sifolinia as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 219.
†Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60. Type-species: †Macromischa rudis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[†Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 413, and Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 167, nomina nuda.]
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60; all subsequent authors except the following.
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675 (error).
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 292.
†Nothomyrmica incertae sedis in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Bolton, 2003: 62.
†Nothomyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1495.
Sommimyrma Menozzi, 1925d: 25. Type-species: Sommimyrma symbiotica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Sommimyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726.
Sommimyrma as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 224.
Symbiomyrma Arnol'di, 1930c: 267. Type-species: Symbiomyrma karavajevi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Symbiomyrma also described as new by Arnol'di, 1933a: 41.]
Symbiomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Karavaiev, 1934: 102.
Symbiomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 729.
Symbiomyrma as genus: Karavaiev, 1934: 102; Seifert, 1994: 15; Seifert, 1996b: 236.
Symbiomyrma as junior synonym of Sifolinia: Samsinak, 1964: 156.
Symbiomyrma as junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3; Bolton, 1994: 106; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 219.
Paramyrmica Cole, 1957a: 37. Type-species: Paramyrmica colax, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paramyrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257.
Paramyrmica as genus: Gregg, 1961: 215; Smith, M.R. 1967: 350; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1351.
Paramyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3.
Dodecamyrmica Arnol'di, 1968: 1803 [as subgenus of Myrmica]. Type-species: Myrmica arnoldii, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dodecamyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Francoeur, 1981: 759; Bolton, 1988a: 4.
Genus Myrmica references
Mayr, 1855: 396, 397 (diagnosis, Austria species key); Smith, F. 1858b: 114 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 62 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 28 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 429 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 19 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 192 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 75 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883a: 315 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 260 (U.S.A. catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 246 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 71 (Russia species key); Lameere, 1892: 68 (Belgium species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 108 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 696 (India species key); Bingham, 1903: 267 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 652 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 15 (Luxemburg species key); Emery, 1908a: 165 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 493 (Belgium species key); Stitz, 1914: 70 (Central Europe species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 110 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 121 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Bondroit, 1918: 98 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1921f: 36 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 117 (Sifolinia diagnosis, catalogue); Finzi, 1926: 77 (diagnosis, European species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e: 190 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 258 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 118 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 599 (Russia species key); Arnol'di, 1934: 151 (former European U.S.S.R. species, biometrics); Karavaiev, 1934: 63 (Ukraine species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 293 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 74 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 75 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 75 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 367 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 168 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 281 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 175 (Belgium species key); Weber, 1947: 444 (North America species key); Creighton, 1950a: 92 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 124 (Asia checklist); Sadil, 1952: 264 (Czechia & Slovakia species key); Collingwood, 1958b: 65 (Britain species key); Boven, 1959: 7 (Netherlands species key); Gregg, 1963: 290 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 96 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Collingwood, 1964: 101 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 107 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 156 (Sifolinia diagnosis); Boven, 1970b: 16 (Netherlands species key); Arnol'di, 1970b: 1832 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Kutter, 1973c: 253 (morphology, satellite genera, Sifolinia, Sommimyrma, Symbiomyrma, key to first); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 5 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1976a: 554 (central Asia & Kazakhstan species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 20 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 43 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 530 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 78 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 41 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1347, 1351 (North America Myrmica, Paramyrmica catalogues); Francoeur, 1981: 755 (M. lampra group); Allred, 1982: 440 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 294 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 22 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Kupyanskaya, 1986a: 83 (Far Eastern Russia M. lobicornis group, key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 62 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 267 (Balkans species key); Seifert, 1988b: 43 (Europe, Asia Minor & Caucasus species key); Bolton, 1988a: 3 (diagnosis, review of genus, venation); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 181 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 92 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 8 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 80 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 20 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 105 (South Siberia species key); Radchenko, 1994c: 130 (Central & Eastern Palaearctic species key); Douwes, 1995: 86 (Sweden species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 337 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 277 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 91 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 140 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 45 (Britain species key); Radchenko, Czechowski & Czechowsa, 1997: 481 (Poland species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 12 (Portugal species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 1998: 3 (M. ritae group, key); Elmes & Radchenko, 1998: 218 (Taiwan species key); Wei, Zhou, He & Liu, 2001: 561 (China species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2001: 262 (Himalaya species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 141 (Poland species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 239 (Palaearctic socially parasitic species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 133 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Radchenko, Elmes & Bui, 2006: 43 (Vietnam species key); Radchenko, Elmes & Alicata, 2006: 531 (Palaearctic schencki group key); Seifert, 2007: 131 (North and Central Europe species key); Francoeur, 2007: 156 (punctiventris group key); Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1497 (late Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 160 (Taiwan species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 85 (pachei group key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 713 (Palaearctic, Oriental, all species revision, keys).
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Rhoptromyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE10 species
Rhoptromyrmex Mayr, 1901b: 18. Type-species: Rhoptromyrmex globinodis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 172.
Taxonomic history
Rhoptromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Rhoptromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Arnold, 1917: 351; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 289; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of RHOPTROMYRMEX
Hagioxenus Forel, 1910a: 8. Type-species: Hagioxenus schmitzi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hagioxenus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 186; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; subsequent authors to the following.
Hagioxenus in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81.
Hagioxenus as junior synonym of Rhoptromyrmex: Bolton, 1986a: 2.
Acidomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 191 [as subgenus of Rhoptromyrmex]. Type-species: Rhoptromyrmex wroughtonii, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Acidomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 290; all subsequent authors.
Acidomyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664, 672; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 173.
Acidomyrmex as subgenus of Rhoptromyrmex: Emery, 1915i: 191; Forel, 1917: 245; Emery, 1924d: 290; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 619.
Acidomyrmex as junior synonym of Rhoptromyrmex: Brown, 1964c: 11; Bolton, 1976: 298; Bolton, 1986a: 2.
Ireneella Donisthorpe, 1941i: 175. Type-species: Ireneella papuensis (junior synonym of Tetramorium melleum), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Ireneella in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Donisthorpe, 1941i: 175. Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653.
Ireneella incertae sedis in Formicidae: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 259 (incomprehensible entry).
Ireneella as junior synonym of Rhoptromyrmex: Bolton, 1976: 298; Bolton, 1986a: 2.
Genus Rhoptromyrmex references
Arnold, 1917: 351 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 194, 908 (diagnosis, Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 186 (Hagioxenus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 289 (Rhoptromyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 290 (R. (Acidomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 173, 174 (Asia Acidomyrmex, Ireneela, Rhoptromyrmex checklists); Brown, 1964c: 11 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1976: 298 (diagnosis, all species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 86 (Australia catalogue); Bolton, 1986a: 5 (diagnosis, review of genus, all species key); Taylor, 1987a: 67 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 377 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 163 (Australia synopsis).
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 461 species, 16 subspecies
Fossil:
Tetramorium Mayr, 1855: 423. Type-species: Formica caespitum, by subsequent designation of Girard, 1879: 1016.
Taxonomic history
Tetramorium in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 423 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 61 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 20 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 457 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 130.
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Forel, 1899c: 52; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Arnold, 1917: 271; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 275; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of TETRAMORIUM
Tetrogmus Roger, 1857: 10. Type-species: Tetrogmus caldarius, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tetrogmus as subgenus of Tetramorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141.
Tetrogmus as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Roger, 1862c: 297; all subsequent authors except the above; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195.
Xiphomyrmex Forel, 1887: 385 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Xiphomyrmex) kelleri, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 175.
Taxonomic history
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 130.
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 286; all subsequent authors.
Xiphomyrmex as subgenus of Tetramorium: Dalla Torre, 1893: 130; Forel, 1899c: 53; Forel, 1903a: 700; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Arnold, 1917: 274; Arnold, 1926: 277.
Xiphomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1895j: 770; Emery, 1896e: 183; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 193; Emery, 1924d: 286; Smith, M.R. 1938a: 126; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736; Creighton, 1950a: 293; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 824; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 179; Bernard, 1953b: 250; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Xiphomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bingham, 1903: 175; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Triglyphothrix Forel, 1890b: cvi. Type-species: Triglyphothrix walshi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Triglyphothrix in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 135.
Triglyphothrix in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 272; all subsequent authors.
Triglyphothrix as subgenus of Tetramorium: Arnold, 1917: 274; Arnold, 1926: 272.
Triglyphothrix as genus: Forel, 1890b: cvi. Dalla Torre, 1893: 135; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1903a: 703; Bingham, 1903: 171; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 196; Emery, 1924d: 272; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734; Creighton, 1950a: 285; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 823; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 178; Bernard, 1953b: 248; Kempf, 1972a: 255; Bolton, 1976: 310; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1399; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 91.
Triglyphothrix as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1985: 247; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Atopula Emery, 1912b: 104. Type-species: Atopomyrmex nodifer, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Atopula in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242 [subtribe Podomyrmini]; all subsequent authors to Bolton, 1976: 359.
Atopula in Myrmicinae, Podomyrmini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Atopula as subgenus of Vollenhovia: Emery, 1912d: 273.
Atopula as subgenus of Terataner: Arnold, 1952b: 129.
Atopula as genus: Emery, 1912b: 104; Emery, 1914a: 41; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242; Bernard, 1948: 177; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (anachronism).
Atopula as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Macromischoides Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Macromischa aculeata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Macromischoides in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism).
Macromischoides in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Santschi, 1924b: 207; all subsequent authors.
Macromischoides as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 187; Santschi, 1924b: 206; Bernard, 1953b: 248; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Macromischoides as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 196.
[Macromichoides Santschi, 1924b: 206, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Lobomyrmex Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Lobomyrmex) ferox silhavyi (junior synonym of Tetramorium ferox), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lobomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 196.
Sulcomyrmex Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Kratochvíl (1941) are all referable to Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359.]
Apomyrmex Calilung, 2000: 66. Type-species: Apomyrmex manobo, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Apomyrmex incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Calilung, 2000: 66.
Apomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 2003: 227, 269.
Genus Tetramorium references
Roger, 1863b: 26, 27 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 456 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 20 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 972 (all species key); André, 1883a: 285 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1893e: 214 (Triglyphothrix species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 130, 135 (Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Forel, 1903a: 700, 703 (India & Sri Lanka Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix species keys); Bingham, 1903: 172, 175 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Triglyphothrix, Tetramorium species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 517 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1909d: 695 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 195 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1917: 271, 275, 334, 345 (diagnosis, South Africa Tetramorium (Tetramorium), T. (Triglyphothrix), T. (Xiphomyrmex) species keys); Bondroit, 1918: 106 (France & Belgium species key); Mann, 1919: 353 (Papuasia Triglyphothrix species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 187, 190, 193, 196 (Macromischoides, Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 886, 889, 893, 906, 909 (Afrotropical Atopula, Macromischoides, Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1030, 1031, 1032 (Malagasy Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 242 (Atopula diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 272 (Triglyphothrix diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 275 (Tetramorium diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 286 (Xiphomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1924b: 210 (Macromischoides species key); Arnold, 1926: 241 (South Africa Tetramorium (Tetramorium) species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 74 (Israel species key); Finzi, 1936: 183 (Egypt species key); Smith, M.R. 1938a: 127 (North America Xiphomyrmex species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 84 (Central Europe species key); Smith, M.R. 1943b: 2 (North America species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 76, 95 (Central Europe species key); Creighton, 1950a: 290, 293 (North America Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 174, 178, 179 (Asia Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix, Xiphomyrmex checklists); Brown, 1958h: 27 (New Zealand species); Bernard, 1967: 227 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 249, 255 (Neotropical Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 18 (Cuba species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 105 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Bolton, 1976: 310, 314, 341 (Triglyphothrix diagnosis, Afrotropical, Oriental & Malesian species revisions, keys); Bolton, 1976: 359 (Tetramorium diagnosis, review of genus, synonymy); Bolton, 1977: 72, 133 (Oriental & Malesian, Australia species revisions, keys); Kutter, 1977c: 150 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 544 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 86 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 82 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1399, 1400 (North America Triglyphothrix, Tetramorium catalogues); Bolton, 1979: 132, 159 (Malagasy, New World species revisions, keys); Bolton, 1980: 196, 205 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Collingwood, 1985: 262 (Saudi Arabia species key); Gösswald, 1985: 311 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 88 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 78 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 277 (Balkans species key); Wang, M., Xiao & Wu, 1988: 264 (China species key); Radchenko & Arakelian, 1990: 371 (Crimea & Caucasus T. ferox complex, key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 197 (Turkmenistan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 149 (Bulgaria species key); Radchenko, 1992a: 44 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 33 (Japan species key); Arakelian, 1994: 60 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 109 (South Siberia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 403 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 79 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 332 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 158 (Central Europe species key); Cagniant, 1997: 89 (Morocco species key); Radchenko, Czechowski & Czechowsa, 1998: 107 (Poland species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 17 (Portugal species key); Sanetra, Güsten & Schulz, 1999: 317 (Italy, species); Shattuck, 1999: 168 (Australia synopsis); Chang & He, 2001a: 1 (northwest China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 100 (China, Guangxi species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 145 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 214 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Seifert, 2007: 145 (North and Central Europe species key); Csösz, Radchenko & Schulz, 2007: 8 (T. chefketi complex key); Terayama, 2009: 162 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 177 (south-western Australia species key); Csösz & Schulz, 2010: 12 (T. ferox complex key); Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010b: 12 (Afrotropical T. weitzeckeri species group key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 176 species, 39 subspecies
Fossil: 19 species
Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853b: 107. Type-species: Aphaenogaster sardoa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 270.
Taxonomic history
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 466 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 461 [Myrmicidae]; Cresson, 1887: 260 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1891b: 166; Forel, 1895b: 129; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 58; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 53; Santschi, 1932b: 13; Kempf, 1972a: 22 (anachronism).
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Aphaenogastrini: Enzmann, J. 1947b: 147.
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Pheidolidae]; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 55 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Brown, 1949a: 48; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 131; all subsequent authors.
Aphaenogaster as junior synonym of Atta: Mayr, 1863: 395.
Aphaenogaster as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Aphaenogaster as genus: Emery, 1908c: 309; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of APHAENOGASTER
Deromyrma Forel, 1913b: 350 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) swammerdami, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Deromyrma also described as new by Forel, 1913k: 49.]
Deromyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1913b: 350; Forel, 1913k: 49; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 64; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; all subsequent authors to the following.
Deromyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Planimyrma Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) loriai, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Planimyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; all subsequent authors to the following.
Planimyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Attomyrma Emery, 1915d: 70 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Formica subterranea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Attomyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1915d: 70; Emery, 1916b: 129; Emery, 1921f: 56; all subsequent authors to the following.
Attomyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Novomessor Emery, 1915d: 73. Type-species: Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) cockerelli, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Novomessor in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 66 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors except the following.
Novomessor in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675; Kempf, 1972a: 166.
Novomessor as genus: Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 343; Creighton, 1950a: 155; Hölldobler, Stanton & Engel, 1976: 32.
Novomessor as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1974b: 47; Bolton, 1982: 364 (discussion pp. 339-341).
Nystalomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 215 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Myrmica longiceps, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nystalomyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 215; Emery, 1921f: 61; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676.
Nystalomyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Brunella Forel, 1917: 234. Type-species: Aphaenogaster belti, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Brunella in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Forel, 1917: 245.
Brunella in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Brunella incertae sedis in Formicidae: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 259 (anachronism, incomprehensible entry).
Brunella incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Brunella as junior synonym of Atopula: Emery, 1924d: 242; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Brunella as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364; Bolton, 1994: 106.
†Sinaphaenogaster Zhang, 1989: 266 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: †Paraphaenogaster shanwangensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Sinaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 2003: 230, 273.
Genus Aphaenogaster references
Mayr, 1855: 466 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 29 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 19 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 92 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 195 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 74 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883b: 348 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1886d: 443 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 260 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1888a: 531 (A. (Ischnomyrmex) species key); Nasonov, 1889: 74 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 98 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 693 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 270 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 714 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908c: 310 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 495 (Belgium species key); Emery, 1916b: 132 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 585 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 213 (Australia species); Bondroit, 1918: 156 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1921f: 55 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 56, 61, 64, 65 (A. (Attomyrma, Nystalomyrma, Deromyrma, Planimyrma) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1921f: 66 (Novomessor diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680 (subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1016, 1029 (Aphaenogaster, Brunella catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 348 (Novomessor species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 296 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 112 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 81 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 81 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 363 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 284 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 140, 155 (North America Aphaenogaster, Novomessor species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 131 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1961b: 218 (New Guinea species key); Gregg, 1963: 336 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Bernard, 1967: 128 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 22, 166 (Neotropical Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma), Novomessor catalogues); Arnol'di, 1976b: 1023 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Kutter, 1977c: 77 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 536 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 79 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 439 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 54 (Australia catalogue); Gösswald, 1985: 298 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 35 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 8 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 269 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 211 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 326 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 15 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 107 (Bulgaria species key); Schulz, A. 1994a: 425 (A. (Attomyrma), partial key); Arakelian, 1994: 29 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 68 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 110 (China species key); Umphrey, 1996: 557 (North America A. fulva complex key); Cagniant, 1996a: 67 (Morocco species key); Seifert, 1996b: 156 (Central Europe species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 13 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 126 (Australia synopsis); Park & Kim, 2000: 108 (Korea species key); Zhou, 2001b: 142 (China, Guangxi species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 60 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Longino & Cover, 2004: 1 (A. phalangium complex revision); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 144 (North and Central Europe species key); Shattuck, 2008a: 27 (Australia species revision, key); Terayama, 2009: 164 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 144 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Lophomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE11 species
Lophomyrmex Emery, 1892a: 114. Type-species: Oecodoma quadrispinosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Lophomyrmicini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 208; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Rigato, 1994a: 50.
Lophomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Dlussky, 1997: 625 (error).
Genus Lophomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 74 (catalogue); Emery, 1893e: 192 (all species key); Forel, 1903a: 695 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 195 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1924d: 208 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 155 (Asia checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 132 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Rigato, 1994a: 47 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 248 (catalogue); Sheela & Ghosh, 2008: 17 (India species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 112 species, 49 subspecies
Fossil:
Messor Forel, 1890a: lxviii [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Formica barbara, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 277.
Taxonomic history
Messor in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Messor in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 59; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Messor in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Arnold, 1920a: 404; Emery, 1921f: 68 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Messor as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1890a: lxviii; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Forel, 1899c: 59.
Messor as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Messor as genus: Bingham, 1903: 277; Ruzsky, 1905b: 726; Emery, 1908e: 437; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Forel, 1917: 241; Bondroit, 1918: 149; Arnold, 1920a: 404; Emery, 1921f: 68; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of MESSOR
Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892d: 572. Type-species: Cratomyrmex regalis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cratomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 43; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 635.
Cratomyrmex as subgenus of Messor: Santschi, 1920d: 378.
Cratomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1892d: 572; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 43; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660, 802; Bernard, 1971: 6.
Cratomyrmex as junior synonym of Messor: Emery, 1924d: 357; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 635; Bolton, 1982: 338; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Veromessor Forel, 1917: 235 [as subgenus of Novomessor]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster andrei, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1921f: 67.
Taxonomic history
Veromessor in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Veromessor as subgenus of Novomessor: Forel, 1917: 235; Emery, 1921f: 67; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Veromessor as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 354; Creighton, 1950a: 157; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 799; Kusnezov, 1952b: 10 (in key); Kempf, 1972a: 257; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1364.
Veromessor as junior synonym of Messor: Bolton, 1982: 338.
Lobognathus Enzmann, J. 1947b: 152 [as subgenus of Veromessor]. Erroneous entry for Veromessor lobognathus and hence junior synonym of Veromessor: Brown, 1949a: 49.
[Sphaeromessor Bernard, 1985: 48. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Bernard (1985) are all referable to Messor: Bolton, 1995b: 46.]
Genus Messor references
Forel, 1903a: 693 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 278 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 726 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908e: 437 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 143 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 149 (France & Belgium species key); Arnold, 1920a: 404 (diagnosis); Emery, 1921f: 43 (Cratomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 67 (Veromessor diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 68 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 802 (Afrotropical Cratomyrmex, Messor catalogues); Santschi, 1927c: 247 (M. instabilis group key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927a: 89 (Central Asia species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929d: 4 (Central Asia species key); Finzi, 1929: 77 (Italy species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 56 (Israel species key); Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 360 (Veromessor species key); Finzi, 1936: 160 (Egypt species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 82 (Central Europe species key); Creighton, 1950a: 158 (North America Veromesor species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 136 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1955a: 360 (Mediterranean M. structor group key); Smith, M.R. 1956a: 36 (U.S.A. Veromessor species key); Bernard, 1967: 137 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 257 (Neotropical Veromessor catalogue); Tarbinsky, 1976: 50 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Arnol'di, 1977b: 1640 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 537 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 80 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1364 (North America Veromessor catalogue); Bolton, 1982: 338 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Collingwood, 1985: 248 (Saudi Arabia species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 38 (U.S.A., Nevada Veromessor species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 270 (Balkans species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 215 (Turkmenistan species key); Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990b: 156 (Corsica species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 113 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 33 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 252 (catalogue); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 314 (Saudi Arabia species key); Cagniant & Espadaler, 1998: 419 (Morocco species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 14 (Portugal species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 970 species, 142 subspecies
Fossil: 4 species
Pheidole Westwood, 1839: 219. Type-species: Atta providens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pheidole in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 172.
Pheidole in Attidae: Smith, F. 1860a: 74; Smith, F. 1862a: 49.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 331; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1861: 69 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 463 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 88.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 127; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 64; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Kempf, 1972a: 183 (anachronism).
Pheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Arnold, 1920a: 414; Emery, 1921f: 77; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors except Kempf, 1972a: 183, above.
Junior synonyms of PHEIDOLE
Oecophthora Heer, 1852: 15. Type-species: Oecophthora pusilla (junior synonym of Formica megacephala), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Oecophthora in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 453 [Myrmicidae].
Oecophthora as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 172; Roger, 1863b: 30.
Ischnomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 738. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 18 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Ischnomyrmex as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 461; Bingham, 1903: 270.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1891b: 166; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Forel, 1899c: 59; Emery, 1908c: 313; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1902h: 439; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 49.
Ischnomyrmex as genus: Mayr, 1862: 738; Emery, 1914a: 40; Viehmeyer, 1914d: 601; Forel, 1917: 241; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Emery, 1922e: 113. Stitz, 1911a: 367; Kusnezov, 1952b: 10 (in key).
Ischnomyrmex as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Leptomyrma Motschoulsky, 1863: 17. Type-species: Leptomyrma gracilipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Leptomyrma in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 329.
Leptomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1892b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Pheidolacanthinus Smith, F. 1865: 75. Type-species: Pheidolacanthinus armatus (junior synonym of Myrmica quadrispinosa), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pheidolacanthinus in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 333.
Pheidolacanthinus in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Pheidolacanthinus as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 81; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Pheidolacanthinus as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Ceratopheidole Pergande, 1896: 889 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) granulata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ceratopheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Ceratopheidole as genus: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 104 (anachronism).
Ceratopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Pergande, 1896: 889; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
Ceratopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Epipheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1903f: 664. Type-species: Epipheidole inquilina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Epipheidole also described as new by Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 14.]
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 114; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Creighton, 1950a: 192.
Epipheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Cole, 1965: 174; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Phidole Bingham, 1903: 220, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
Taxonomic history
Phidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Wheeler, 1922a: 806.
Sympheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 7. Type-species: Sympheidole elecebra, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 115; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors to the following.
Sympheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Phidola Schulz, W.A. 1906: 155, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
Taxonomic history
Phidola as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.
Allopheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole kingi (junior synonym of Pheidole tepicana), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.
Taxonomic history
Allopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1912f: 237; Forel, 1917: 241.
Allopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Emery, 1921f: 84; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Decapheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole perpusilla, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
Decapheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661.
Decapheidole as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Borgmeier, 1927c: 78.
Decapheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1912f: 237, Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
Decapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Isopheidole Forel, 1912m: 765 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Isopheidole as junior synonym of Ischnomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1913k: 49; Emery, 1922e: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680 (in key). [Ischnomyrmex and Isopheidole share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Elasmopheidole Forel, 1913k: 43 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole aberrans, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1915i: 190.
Taxonomic history
Elasmopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 43; Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 110; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Elasmopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Cardiopheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole vaslitii, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cardiopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48; Forel, 1917: 241.
Cardiopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Emery, 1921f: 84; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Anergatides Wasmann, 1915b: 281. Type-species: Anergatides kohli (junior secondary homonym in Pheidole, replaced by Pheidole neokohli), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anergatides in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 243 [subtribe Anergatini]; Emery, 1922e: 116 [subtribe Anergatidini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 623.
Anergatides in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism).
Anergatides as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 328; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Parapheidole Emery, 1915d: 68. Type-species: Aphaenogaster oculata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Parapheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 115; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Parapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Macropheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole fimbriata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Macropheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 81; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Macropheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 800; Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Scrobopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole scrobifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Scrobopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Scrobopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Stegopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Elasmopheidole) upeneci, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Stegopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1921f: 83; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Stegopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Trachypheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole bicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Trachypheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Trachypheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Electropheidole Mann, 1921: 438 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Electropheidole) roosevelti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 642.
Taxonomic history
Electropheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Mann, 1921: 438; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 672; all subsequent authors to the following.
Electropheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Bruchomyrma Santschi, 1922d: 248. Type-species: Bruchomyrma acutidens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bruchomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Bruchomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 42.
Bruchomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 327; Bolton, 1994: 106; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Bruchomyrma as genus: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Cephalomorium Forel, 1922: 91 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Cephalomorium) bahai, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cephalomorium as junior synonym of Hendecapheidole: Santschi, 1925d: 228.
Hendecapheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1922d: 3 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole tachigaliae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hendecapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Gallardomyrma Bruch, 1932: 271. Type-species: Gallardomyrma argentina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Gallardomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646.
Gallardomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 110.
Gallardomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 327; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Gallardomyrma as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 110; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Conothoracoides Strand, 1935: 176.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Conothorax Karavaiev; junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
Conothoracoides as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Homonym replaced by Conothoracoides
Conothorax Karavaiev, 1935a: 75. Type-species: Conothorax bilobum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Conothorax Karavaiev junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
Conothorax in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Karavaiev, 1935a: 75.
Eriopheidole Kusnezov, 1952a: 10. Type-species: Eriopheidole symbiotica (unresolved junior secondary homonym in Pheidole), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eriopheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Kusnezov, 1952a: 10.
Eriopheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 107.
Eriopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Eriopheidole as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 107; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Xenoaphaenogaster Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 50. Type-species: Xenoaphaenogaster inquilina (junior synonym of Myrmica pallidula), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Xenoaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Monomorium: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional].
Xenoaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Pheidole: Bolton, 1987: 291.
Genus Pheidole references
Smith, F. 1858b: 172 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 70 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 27, 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424, 440 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 18, 22 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 92, 96 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1870b: 977, 979 (Australia & New World species keys); Mayr, 1876: 102 (Australia species key); André, 1883b: 382 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1879: 674 (Asia species key); Mayr, 1887: 582 (New World species key); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A., catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 75 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 88, 98 (Pheidole, Pheidolacanthinus catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 288 (North America species key); Mayr, 1896: 241 (Africa species, partial key); Emery, 1896g: 80 (P. flavens group, key); Forel, 1902c: 165 (India species key); Forel, 1902f: 523 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 223 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 133 (Puerto Rico species key); Arnold, 1920a: 414 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1921f: 78 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 81 (P. (Macropheidole) & P. (Pheidolacanthinus) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1921f: 83 (P. (Stegopheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Mann, 1921: 442 (Fiji Is species key); Emery, 1922e: 110 (P. (Elasmopheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 111 (P. (Trachypheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 112 (P. (Scrobopheidole), P. (Decapheidole) & P. (Ceratopheidole) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 113 (Ischnomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 114 (Epipheidole diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 115 (Sympheidole, Parapheidole diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 116 (Anergatides diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 126, 672 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 806, 879 (Afrotropical Pheidole, Anergatides catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1017, 1021 (Malagasy Pheidole, Parapheidole catalogues); Gallardo, 1932c: 179 (Argentina Elasmopheidole species key); Finzi, 1936: 165 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 298 (Himalaya species key); Cole, 1942: 362 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 285 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 163 (North America species key); Creighton, 1950a: 192, 194 (North America Epipheidole, Sympheidole species); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135, 137 (Asia Ceratopheidole, Conothorax, Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole checklists); Kusnezov, 1952b: 61 (Argentina species key); Smith, M.R. 1955c: 302 (P. (Hendecapheidole) species key); Gregg, 1959: 9 (U.S.A. species key); Gregg, 1963: 407 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 126 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 149 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Gregg, 1969: 95 (addition to Gregg, 1959 U.S.A. key); Kempf, 1972a: 183 (Neotropical catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 11 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 441 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Ogata, 1982: 191 (Japan species key); Collingwood, 1985: 253 (Saudi Arabia species key); Naves, 1985: 54 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 74 (Australia catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 41 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 53 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 271 (Balkans species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 123 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 368 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 22 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 345 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 316 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 99 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 322 (Saudi Arabia species key); Park & Kim, 2000: 109 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 152 (Australia synopsis); Eguchi, 1999: 103 (Borneo P. longipes group, key); Ward, 2000: 96 (U.S.A. P. hyatti complex, key); Zhou, 2001b: 121 (China, Guangxi species key); Eguchi, 2001b: 10 (Borneo species key); ; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 149 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key)Wilson, 2003: 27 (New World, all species revision, keys); Sarnat, 2008: 8 (Fiji Is P. roosevelti group, key); Eguchi, 2008: 8 (North Vietnam species key); Terayama, 2009: 171 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 169 (south-western Australia species key); Sarnat & Moreau, 2011: 114 (P. roosevelti group phylogeny and radiation).
Genera incertae sedis in Pheidolini
Myrmicinae Paratopulini Paratopula TRUE TRUE FALSE10 species
Paratopula Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 144. Type-species: Atopomyrmex ceylonicus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paratopula in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Paratopula in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Paratopula in Myrmicinae, Paratopulini: Bolton, 2003: 65.
Paratopula as junior synonym of Atopula: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional].
Paratopula as genus: Bolton, 1988b: 125.
Genus Paratopula references
Chapman & Capco, 1951: 115, 118 (Asia checklist); Bolton, 1988b: 125 (diagnosis, review of genus, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 312 (catalogue).
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Recurvidris TRUE TRUE FALSE10 species
Recurvidris Bolton, 1992: 36.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Trigonogaster Forel, 1890b: cix; junior homonym of Trigonogaster Guérin-Méneville, 1844b: 1149 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae).]
Recurvidris incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1992: 38.
Recurvidris in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetonini: Bolton, 1994: 106.
Reccurvidris in Myrmicinae, Crematogastrini: Bolton, 2003: 66.
Genus Recurvidris references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 72 (catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 210 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 161 (Asia checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 158 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Bolton, 1992: 35 (diagnosis, review of genus, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 377 (catalogue); Zhou, 2000: 301 (China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 110 (China, Guangxi species key).
Homonym replaced by RECURVIDRIS
Trigonogaster Forel, 1890b: cviii. Type-species: Trigonogaster recurvispinosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Trigonogaster Guérin-Méneville, 1844b: 1149 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae).]
Trigonogaster in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Trigonogaster in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Trigonogaster in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Emery, 1914a: 42.
Trigonogaster in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Trigonogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1915i: 192 [subtribe Lophomyrmicini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 210; all subsequent authors except the following.
Trigonogaster incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 81.
1 species
Liomyrmex Mayr, 1865: 23. Type-species: Myrmica caeca (junior primary homonym; Laparomyrmex gestroi is first available replacement name: Bolton, 1995b: 248).
Taxonomic history
Liomyrmex in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Liomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 23 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 63.
Liomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Liomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Liomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 191; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; all subsequent authors to the following.
Liomyrmex incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 81.
Liomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Metaponini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Liomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Liomyrmecini: Bolton, 2003: 67.
Junior synonyms of LIOMYRMEX
Laparomyrmex Emery, 1887b: 461. Type-species: Laparomyrmex gestroi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Laparomyrmex as junior synonym of Liomyrmex: Dalla Torre, 1893: 63.
Promyrma Forel, 1912m: 764. Type-species: Promyrma butteli, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Promyrma as junior synonym of Liomyrmex: Forel, 1913k: 26; Emery, 1921f: 191; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 683 (in key).
Genus Liomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 63 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 198 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 191 (diagnosis, catalogue); Donisthorpe, 1948a: 293 (checklist); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 162 (Asia checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 152 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 248 (catalogue); Rigato & Bolton, 2001: 247 (review of genus).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla TRUE TRUE FALSE67 species, 2 subspecies
Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869b: 20. Type-species: Cardiocondyla elegans, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 70.
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Arnold, 1916: 200; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 124; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism); Jaffe, 1993: 10 (anachronism).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Bolton, 1982: 311 (in text).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Junior synonyms of CARDIOCONDYLA
Emeryia Forel, 1890b: cx. Type-species: Emeryia wroughtonii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Emeryia as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Forel, 1892h: 461; Forel, 1892i: 313; Dalla Torre, 1893: 70.
Xenometra Emery, 1917a: 96. Type-species: Xenometra monilicornis (junior synonym of Cardiocondyla emeryi), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xenometra in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Emery, 1922e: 126; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; subsequent authors.
Xenometra as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Baroni Urbani, 1973: 199; Marikovsky & Yakushin, 1974: 60.
Dyclona Santschi, 1930b: 70 (footnote) [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Monomorium cristatum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dyclona as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Loncyda Santschi, 1930b: 70 [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Loncyda) monardi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Loncyda as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Prosopidris Wheeler, W.M. 1935b: 40 [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Prosopidris) sima, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Prosopidris in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 688.
Prosopidris as genus: Reiskind, 1965: 80.
Prosopidris as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Genus Cardiocondyla references
André, 1883a: 327 (Europe & Algeria species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 70 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 688 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 287 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 623 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1909a: 20 (Palaearctic species key); Arnold, 1916: 200 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 124 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 126 (Xenometra diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 149, 827, 1021 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 37 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1934: 114 (Ukraine species key); Finzi, 1936: 172 (Egypt species key); Smith, M.R. 1944a: 32 (U.S.A. species key); Creighton, 1950a: 197 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 83 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1956c: 301 (Palaearctic species key); Bernard, 1967: 156 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 158 (Xenometra diagnosis); Kempf, 1972a: 73, 259 (Neotropical Cardiocondyla, Xenometra catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 12 (Cuba species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 71 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 86 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375 (North America catalogue); Bolton, 1982: 309 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species key); Kugler, J. 1984: 17 (males, key); Collingwood, 1985: 256 (Saudi Arabia species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 276 (Balkans species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 193 (Turkmenistan species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 31 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 172 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 42 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 132 (catalogue); Radchenko, 1995b: 452 (Palaearctic species key); Mackay, 1995: 170 (New World species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 68 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 326 (Saudi Arabia species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 16 (Portugal species key); Terayama, 1999d: 99 (Japan species, review); Shattuck, 1999: 129 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 85 (China, Guangxi species key); Rigato, 2002: 172 (Afrotropical species key); Seifert, 2003a: 292 (C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, C. minutior groups revision, key); Terayama, 2009: 179 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Dilobocondyla TRUE TRUE FALSE10 species, 2 subspecies
Dilobocondyla: Santschi, 1910h: 283. Type-species: Atopomyrmex selebensis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 162.
Taxonomic history
Dilobocondyla in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 240 [subtribe Podomyrmini]; all subsequent authors to the following.
Dilobocondyla in Myrmicinae, Podomyrmini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Dilobocondyla in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Junior synonym of DILOBOCONDYLA
Mesomyrma Stitz, 1911a: 363 [as subgenus of Podomyrma]. Type-species: Podomyrma (Mesomyrma) cataulacoidea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Mesomyrma as subgenus of Podomyrma: Stitz, 1911a: 363; Forel, 1917: 244.
Mesomyrma as junior synonym of Dilobocondyla: Emery, 1912b: 102; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677; Emery, 1924d: 240.
Genus Dilobocondyla references
Emery, 1924d: 240 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 248 (all species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 115 (Asia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 171 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 133 (Australia synopsis).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Gauromyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE2 species
Gauromyrmex Menozzi, 1933c: 146. Type-species: Gauromyrmex bengakalisi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Gauromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 161.
Gauromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 2003: 70.
Gauromyrmex as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 105; Bolton, 1995b: 422.
Gauromyrmex as genus: Brown, 1953c: 10; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 86; Bolton, 2003: 269.
Junior synonyms of GAUROMYRMEX
Solenomyrma Karavaiev, 1935a: 103. Type-species: Solenomyrma acanthina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Solenomyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenomyrmini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 161.
Solenomyrma as junior synonym of Gauromyrmex: Brown, 1953c: 10.
Acalama Smith, M.R. 1949a: 206. Type-species: Acalama donisthorpei (junior synonym of Solenomyrma acanthina), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Acalama incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Smith, M.R. 1949a: 206.
Acalama as junior synonym of Gauromyrmex: Brown, 1953c: 10.
Genus Gauromyrmex references
Chapman & Capco, 1951: 161 (Asia Solenomyrma, Gauromyrmex checklists); Bolton, 2003: 269 (genus diagnosis).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Leptothorax TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 18 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil:
Leptothorax Mayr, 1855: 431. Type-species: Formica acervorum, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 214.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Myrmica clypeata, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1912d: 271; repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79 and Emery, 1924d: 248.]
Leptothorax in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 431 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 57 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 20 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 458 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 122.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 54; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 63; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Emery, 1914a: 42; Arnold, 1916: 257; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 247; subsequent authors to the following.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105; Mackay, 2000: 267.
Junior synonyms of LEPTOTHORAX
Mychothorax Ruzsky, 1904a: 288. Type-species: Formica acervorum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Mychothorax as subgenus of Leptothorax: Ruzsky, 1905b: 609; Emery, 1915g: 24; Emery, 1916b: 176; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679; Emery, 1924d: 260; Creighton, 1950a: 274.
Mychothorax as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Smith, M.R. 1950: 29; Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Bolton, 1982: 319. [Leptothorax and Mychothorax share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Doronomyrmex Kutter, 1945: 485. Type-species: Doronomyrmex pacis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Doronomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini:Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Doronomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Doronomyrmex as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Heinze, 1998: 195; Bolton, 2003: 270.
Genus Leptothorax references
Mayr, 1855: 433 (Austria species key); Mayr, 1861: 58 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 26, 28, 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 426, 428, 456 (Leptothorax, Macromischa, Temnothorax catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 19, 20, 21 (Macromischa, Leptothorax, Temnothorax diagnoses); Mayr, 1868c: 83 (†Baltic Amber species key); André, 1874: 188 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 84 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883a: 293 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1886d: 451 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 70 (Russia species key); Emery, 1891b: 5 (North Africa species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 120, 122 (Macromischa, Leptothorax catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 317 (North America species key); Emery, 1896g: 58 (Neotropical species key); Bingham, 1903: 215 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1903c: 223 (North America species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 570 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 16 (Luxemburg species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 141 (Macromischa species key); Santschi, 1909b: 460 (L. rottenbergi group key); Bondroit, 1910: 496 (Belgium species key); Stitz, 1914: 60 (Central Europe species key); Crawley, 1914: 91 (Britain species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 147 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 176 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Arnold, 1916: 257 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Bondroit, 1918: 117 (France & Belgium species key); Mann, 1920: 408 (Macromischa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677 (Macromischa subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679 (Leptothorax subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 890 (Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1029 (Malagasy catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 245 (Macromischa catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 247 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 249 (L. (Goniothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 251 (L. (Leptothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 259 (L. (Temnothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 260 (L. (Dichothorax) & L. (Mychothorax) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 264 (Symmyrmica review, catalogue); Karavaiev, 1927c: 266 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 163 (Britain species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 38 (Turkestan species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1931b: 31 (Macromischa, Croesomyrmex, Antillaemyrmex checklists); Arnol'di, 1933b: 598 (Russia species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 68 (Israel species key); Karavaiev, 1934: 134 (Ukraine species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1937b: 463 (Macromischa checklist); Menozzi, 1939a: 307 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 158 (Germany species key); Smith, M.R. 1939e: 503 (U.S.A. Macromischa species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 89 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 89 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 369 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 172 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 198 (Norway species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 123 (Czechoslovakia males, key); Buren, 1944a: 286 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 178 (Belgium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 251, 256 (North America Macromischa, Leptothorax species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 110 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1952b: 97 (U.S.A. L. tricarinatus complex, key); Bernard, 1956a: 151 (Western Europe species groups); Kusnezov, 1958c: 266 (subgenera key); Boven, 1959: 8 (Netherlands species key); Gregg, 1963: 380 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 139 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Collingwood, 1964: 99 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 185 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 187 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 224 (Doronomyrmex diagnosis); Boven, 1970b: 20 (Netherlands species key); Arnol'di, 1971: 1824 (Kazakhstan species key); Kempf, 1972a: 132, 135 (Neotropical Leptothorax, Macromischa catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 15 (Macromischa Cuba species key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 5 (Britain species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 83 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 103 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 540 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 83 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 68 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 533 (L. (Macromischa) all species revision, key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1391 (North America catalogue); Buschinger, 1981: 211 (Doronomyrmex review); Allred, 1982: 440 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Bolton, 1982: 319 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species key); Gösswald, 1985: 303 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 51 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 60 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Soyunov, 1988: 29 (former U.S.S.R. Temnothorax species); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 184, 188 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 136 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 349 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 26 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 129 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 52 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 111 (South Siberia species key); Radchenko, 1994d: 146 (Central & Eastern Palaearctic species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 235 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 89 (Sweden species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 347 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 108 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 325 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 13 (Central Europe Doronomyrmex species key); Seifert, 1996b: 119 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 45 (Britain species key); Cagniant & Espadaler, 1997: 260 (Morocco species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 16 (Portugal species key); Terayama & Onoyama, 1999: 73 (Japan species key); Mackay, 2000: 265, 288, 297 (New World L. (Myrafant) species revision key, Mexico & Guatemala species key, species complexes key); Fontenla Rizo, 2001: 15 (Cuba Macromischa species key); Chang & He, 2001b: 1 (northwest China species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 143 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 93 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Bolton, 2003: 270 (genus diagnosis); Lyu & Cho, 2003b: 269 (Korea species key); Radchenko, 2004: 131 (Eastern Palaearctic species, key); Deyrup & Cover, 2004a: 56 (southeast U.S.A. species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 118 (North and Central Europe species key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Podomyrma TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 50 species, 10 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Podomyrma Smith, F. 1859a: 145. Type-species: Podomyrma femorata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170.
Taxonomic history
Podomyrma in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 327.
Podomyrma in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Podomyrma in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 24 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 59.
Podomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Podomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 236 [subtribe Podomyrmini]; all subsequent authors to the following.
Podomyrma in Myrmicinae, Podomyrmini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Podomyrma in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Junior synonyms of PODOMYRMA
†Acrostigma Emery, 1891a: 149 [as subgenus of Podomyrma]. Type-species: †Podomyrma (Acrostigma) mayri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Acrostigma as junior synonym of Podomyrma: Dalla Torre, 1893: 159.
Dacryon Forel, 1895f: 421. Type-species: Dacryon omniparens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dacryon in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Dacryon in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Dacryon in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 235; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 637.
Dacryon as junior synonym of Podomyrma: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 80; Taylor, 1987a: 57; Bolton, 1994: 105; Bolton, 1995b: 26; Shattuck, 1999: 157.
Pseudopodomyrma Crawley, 1925a: 40. Type-species: Pseudopodomyrma clarki, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pseudopodomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722.
Pseudopodomyrma as junior synonym of Podomyrma: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 80.
Genus Podomyrma references
Roger, 1863b: 27 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 443 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 24 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 107 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1876: 109 (Australia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 59 (catalogue); Viehmeyer, 1914c: 521 (Papua species key); Emery, 1924d: 235, 236 (Dacryon, Podomyrma diagnoses, catalogues); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 119 (Asia checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 80 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 57 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 338 (catalogue); Taylor, 1999: 173 (Australia species nomenclature); Shattuck, 1999: 157 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2009: 173 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Romblonella TRUE TRUE FALSE8 species, 1 subspecies
Romblonella Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 5. Type-species: Romblonella grandinodis (junior synonym of Myrmica opaca), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Romblonella in Myrmicinae, Meranoplini: Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 6 (in key); all subsequent authors to the following.
Romblonella in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Smith, M.R. 1953f: 163.
Romblonella in Myrmicinae, Meranoplini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16.
Romblonella in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Taylor, 1991da: 294.
Romblonella in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Genus Romblonella references
Chapman & Capco, 1951: 114 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1953a: 76 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Taylor, 1991da: 283 (review of genus, partial key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 381 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 164 (Australia synopsis).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Stereomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE3 species
Stereomyrmex Emery, 1901f: 115. Type-species: Stereomyrmex horni, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Stereomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Stereomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Stereomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Stereomyrmecini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 119; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors to the following.
Stereomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Junior synonym of STEREOMYRMEX
Willowsiella Wheeler, W.M. 1934a: 174. Type-species: Willowsiella dispar, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Willowsiella in Myrmicinae, Meranoplini: Wheeler, W.M. 1934a: 176; Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 6 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16.
Willowsiella in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Taylor, 1991da: 294.
Willowsiella in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Willowsiella as junior synonym of Stereomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 252, 273.
Genus Stereomyrmex references
Bingham, 1903: 218 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 119 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 173 (Asia checklist); Taylor, 1991da: 294 (Willowsiella discussion); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 394, 424 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 173 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 2003: 273 (genus diagnosis).
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Acanthomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE17 species
Acanthomyrmex Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi. Type-species: Acanthomyrmex luciolae, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 191.
Taxonomic history
[Acanthomyrmex also described as new by Emery, 1893f: 244. Acanthomyrmex misplaced in Formicinae, Lasiini (probably in error for Acanthomyops): Ashmead: 1905b: 384.]
Acanthomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Acanthomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 234; all subsequent authors except the following.
Acanthomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16 (error).
Genus Acanthomyrmex references
Emery, 1924d: 234 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 114 (Asia checklist); Moffett, 1986c: 66 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1047 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 53 (catalogue).
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Myrmecina TRUE TRUE FALSE51 species, 1 subspecies
Myrmecina Curtis, 1829: 265. Type-species: Myrmecina latreillii (junior synonym of Formica graminicola), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmecina in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 132.
Myrmecina in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 327; Cresson, 1887: 261.
Myrmecina in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Myrmecina in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 420 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 73 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 21 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 457 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 61.
Myrmecina in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Myrmecina in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 230; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of MYRMECINA
Archaeomyrmex Mann, 1921: 448. Type-species: Archaeomyrmex cacabau, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Archaeomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Archaeomyrmecini: Mann, 1921: 449; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Archaeomyrmex as junior synonym of Myrmecina: Brown, 1971a: 1.
Genus Myrmecina references
Smith, F. 1858b: 132 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 33 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 429 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 21 (diagnosis); André, 1882c: 275 (Europe & Algeria species); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 61 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 197 (diagnosis); Emery, 1916b: 171 (Italy species key); Mann, 1919: 337 (Papuasian species key); Emery, 1924d: 230 (diagnosis, catalogue); Smith, M.R. 1948: 239 (U.S.A. species key); Creighton, 1950a: 246 (North America review); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 117 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 226 (diagnosis); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1399 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 71 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 47 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 54 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 274 (catalogue); Terayama, 1996: 31 (Japan species key); Lin & Wu, 1998: 89 (Taiwan species key); Rigato, 1999: 83 (West Palaearctic species key); Shattuck, 1999: 147 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 138 (China, Guangxi species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Zhou, Huang & Ma, 2008: 285 (China species key); Shattuck, 2009: 3 (Australia species key); Terayama, 2009: 187 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Pristomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE57 species
Pristomyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 903. Type-species: Pristomyrmex pungens (junior synonym of Myrmica punctata) by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicidae: Mayr, 1866b: 903.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 62.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 233; all subsequent authors except the entries below; Bolton, 1994: 105; Bolton, 2003: 71.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Bernard, 1953b: 251.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16.
Junior synonyms of PRISTOMYRMEX
Odontomyrmex André, 1905: 207. Type-species: Odontomyrmex quadridentatus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Odontomyrmex as subgenus of Pristomyrmex: Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 682; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 121 (anachronism).
Odontomyrmex as junior synonym of Pristomyrmex: Mann, 1919: 341; Emery, 1924d: 233; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676; Brown, 1953c: 9; Taylor, 1965b: 35; Bolton, 1981b: 282.
Hylidris Weber, 1941a: 190. Type-species: Hylidris myersi (junior synonym of Pristomyrmex africanus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hylidris in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Weber, 1941a: 183; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 651.
Hylidris as junior synonym of Pristomyrmex: Brown, 1953c: 9.
Dodous Donisthorpe, 1946f: 145. Type-species: Dodous trispinosus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dodous in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1946f: 145.
Dodous as junior synonym of Pristomyrmex: Brown, 1971a: 3.
Genus Pristomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 62 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 696 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 193 (diagnosis); Emery, 1924d: 233 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 121, 161 (Asia Pristomyrmex, Dodous checklists); Taylor, 1965b: 37 (Australia species revision, key); Taylor, 1968c: 63 (supplement to previous); Bolton, 1981b: 282 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species revision, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 85 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 64 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 57 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 365 (catalogue); Lin & Wu, 1998: 94 (Taiwan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 159 (Australia synopsis); Xu & Zhang, 2002: 69 (China species key); Wang, M. 2003: 393 (all species revision, key); Zettell, 2006: 65 (Philippines species, key); Terayama, 2009: 190 (Taiwan species key).
Genera incertae sedis in Myrmecinini
Myrmicinae Melissotarsini Rhopalomastix TRUE TRUE FALSE6 species, 2 subspecies
Rhopalomastix Forel, 1900a: 24. Type-species: Rhopalomastix rothneyi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Rhopalomastix in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Rhopalomastix in Myrmicinae, Melissotarsini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 118; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Genus Rhopalomastix references
Emery, 1922e: 118 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1929d: 95 (review of genus); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 111 (Asia checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 86 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 66 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 377 (catalogue); Xu, 1999: 130 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 161 (Australia synopsis).
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 72 species
Fossil: 2 species
Amblyopone Erichson, 1842: 260. Type-species: Amblyopone australis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopone in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 108; Smith, F. 1871a: 324.
Amblyopone in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
Amblyopone in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162; Clark, 1951: 15 (in key).
Amblyopone in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Amblyopone in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895c: 261; Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 25; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 621; Brown, 1953c: 11; all subsequent authors to the following.
Amblyopone in Amblyoponinae, Amblyoponini: Bolton, 2003: 42, 154.
Junior synonyms of AMBLYOPONE
Stigmatomma Roger, 1859: 250. Type-species: Stigmatomma denticulatum, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 36.
Taxonomic history
Stigmatomma in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1861: 53 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 14.
Stigmatomma in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 110 [Amblyoponeridae]
Stigmatomma in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Stigmatomma in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 23; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641.
Stigmatomma as subgenus of Amblyopone: Forel, 1900c: 55; Clark, 1934b: 27; Brown, 1949c: 87.
Stigmatomma as genus: Roger, 1859: 250; Dalla Torre, 1893: 14; Emery, 1895j: 766; Bingham, 1903: 36; Emery, 1911d: 23; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; Borgmeier, 1923: 52; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728; Creighton, 1950a: 31; Kusnezov, 1956: 12.
Stigmatomma as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Mayr, 1887: 546; Brown, 1960a: 155; all subsequent authors.
Arotropus Provancher, 1881a: 205. Type-species: Arotropus binodosus (junior synonym of Typhlopone pallipes), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Arotropus as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Provancher, 1887: 240; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Amblyopopone Dalla Torre, 1893: 13, unjustified emendation of Amblyopone.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Forel, 1893a: 166; Emery, 1911d: 25.
Amblyopopona Schulz, W.A. 1906: 154, unjustified emendation of Amblyopone.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopopona as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Bolton, 1994: 164.
Xymmer Santschi, 1914d: 311 [as subgenus of Stigmatomma]. Type-species: Stigmatomma (Xymmer) muticum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xymmer as subgenus of Stigmatomma: Santschi, 1914d: 311; Forel, 1917: 235; Emery, 1919c: 106; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737.
Xymmer as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641 (in key).
Xymmer as subgenus of Amblyopone: Clark, 1934b: 27.
Xymmer as junior synonym of Stigmatomma: Brown, 1949c: 87.
Xymmer as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 155.
Fulakora Mann, 1919: 279 [as subgenus of Stigmatomma]. Type-species: Stigmatomma (Fulakora) celata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Fulakora as junior synonym of Stigmatomma: Brown, 1949c: 88.
Fulakora as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 155.
Neoamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1 [as subgenus of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Neoamblyopone) clarki, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Neoamblyopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1949c: 87; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Protamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1 [as subgenus of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Protamblyopone) aberrans, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Protamblyopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1949c: 87; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Lithomyrmex Clark, 1928a: 30. Type-species: Lithomyrmex glauerti, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Lithomyrmex in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Clark, 1928a: 30.
Lithomyrmex as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 156.
Ericapelta Kusnezov, 1955: 273. Type-species: Ericapelta egregia, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ericapelta as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 156.
Genus Amblyopone references
Roger, 1863b: 20 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 16 (Amblyopone, Stigmatomma diagnoses); André, 1882c: 233 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 259 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 13, 14 (Amblyopone, Stigmatomma catalogues); Forel, 1900c: 55 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 37 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Stigmatomma species key); Emery, 1911d: 23 (Stigmatomma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 25 (diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1915a: 55 (Mediterranean species key); Emery, 1916b: 100 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 80 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 758 (Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 3 (Austral & New Guinea species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 22, 24 (Asia Amblyopone, Stigmatomma checklists); Brown, 1958h: 11 (New Zealand species); Brown, 1960a: 155, 191 (diagnosis & review of genus, New World species key); Kempf, 1972a: 19 (Neotropical catalogue); Baroni Urbani, 1978a: 41 (Mediterranean species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1334 (North America catalogue); Taylor, 1979: 824 (Melanesia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 18 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 6 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 8 (Japan species key); Terayama, 1989b: 345 (Taiwan species key); Tinaut, 1990d: 189 (Iberian Peninsula species); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 173 (Turkmenistan species key); Lattke, 1991c: 6 (New World species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 61 (Bulgaria species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1047 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 61 (catalogue); Onoyama, 1999: 190 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 179 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001d: 552 (East & South Asia species key); Lacau & Delabie, 2002: 40 (Neotropical species key); Xu, 2006: 152 (China species key); Arias-Penna, 2008a: 43 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 93 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 131 (south-western Australia species key).
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Myopopone TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 1 species
Fossil: 1 species
Myopopone Roger, 1861a: 49. Type-species: Myopopone maculata (junior synonym of Amblyopone castanea), by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 33.
Taxonomic history
Myopopone in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 15.
Myopopone in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162.
Myopopone in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Myopopone in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 26; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; all subsequent authors to the following.
Myopopone in Amblyoponinae, Amblyoponini: Bolton, 2003: 42, 155.
Genus Myopopone references
Roger, 1863b: 20 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 16 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 90 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 15 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 33 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 26 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 22 (Asia checklist); Brown, 1960a: 170 (review of genus); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 35 (Australia catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 270 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 191 (Australia synopsis).
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Prionopelta TRUE TRUE FALSE15 species
Prionopelta Mayr, 1866a: 503. Type-species: Prionopelta punctulata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Prionopelta in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 15.
Prionopelta in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 110 [Amblyoponeridae].
Prionopelta in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Prionopelta in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1911d: 32 [subtribe Typhlomyrmecini]; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642.
Prionopelta in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895j: 766; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Brown, 1953c: 11; Brown, 1960a: 173; all subsequent authors to the following.
Prionopelta in Amblyoponinae, Amblyoponini: Bolton, 2003: 42, 156.
Junior synonyms of PRIONOPELTA
Renea Donisthorpe, 1947d: 183. Type-species: Renea testacea (junior synonym of Prionopelta majuscula), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Renea as genus: Donisthorpe, 1947d: 183; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 77.
Renea as junior synonym of Prionopelta: Brown, 1953c: 11.
Examblyopone Donisthorpe, 1949g: 401. Type-species: Examblyopone churchilli (junior synonym of Prionopelta majuscula), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Examblyopone as junior synonym of Prionopelta: Brown, 1951: 102.
Genus Prionopelta references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 15 (catalogue); Forel, 1909a: 242 (New World species key); Emery, 1911d: 32 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 26 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1958a: 146 (Melanesia species key); Brown, 1960a: 173, 218, 221 (review of genus, Neotropical species key, Indo-Australian species key); Kempf, 1972a: 210 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1335 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 39 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 64 (Australia & New Caledonia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 364 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 201 (Australia synopsis); Shattuck, 2008b: 22 (Indo-Pacific species revision, key) ); Arias-Penna, 2008a: 48 (Neotropical species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 94 species
Fossil: 8 species
Anochetus Mayr, 1861: 53. Type-species: Odontomachus ghilianii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anochetus in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 712; Mayr, 1865: 11.
Anochetus in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Anochetus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1861: 53 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 47.
Anochetus in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 768; Forel, 1899c: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 106; Arnold, 1915: 103; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 623; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31; Wilson, 1959a: 483; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Jaffe, 1993: 8.
Anochetus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Brown, 1976a: 71; Brown, 1978c: 550 [subtribe Odontomachiti]; Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 159.
Junior synonyms of ANOCHETUS
Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 711. Type-species: Myrmecia emarginata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 173.
Taxonomic history
Stenomyrmex in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 711; Mayr, 1865: 11.
Stenomyrmex in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Stenomyrmex as subgenus of Anochetus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 47; Forel, 1893a: 163; Dalla Torre, 1893: 47; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 110; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Borgmeier, 1923: 76; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728; Kempf, 1972a: 21.
Stenomyrmex as junior synonym of Anochetus: Forel, 1887: 382; Brown, 1978c: 552; all subsequent authors.
Myrmapatetes Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 6. Type-species: Myrmapatetes filicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmapatetes in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 7; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Myrmapatetes as junior synonym of Anochetus: Brown, 1953h: 2.
Genus Anochetus references
Roger, 1863b: 21, 22 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 11 (Anochetus, Stenomyrmex diagnoses); André, 1882b: 230 (Europe & Algeria species); Emery, 1884a: 378 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 47 (catalogue); Emery, 1894c: 185 (Neotropical species key); Forel, 1900c: 58 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 39 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 107 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 103 (South Africa species key); Gallardo, 1918b: 90 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1919: 303 (New Guinea & Solomon Is species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 96, 790, 1012 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 9 (Stenomyrmex species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 39 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1959a: 503 (Melanesia & Moluccas species, revision, key); Kempf, 1964f: 244 (A. (Stenomyrmex) species key); Kempf, 1972a: 20 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1978c: 552, 565, 569, 571 (diagnosis & review of genus, Malesian species, Austral, Palaearctic, Afrotropical & Malagasy species, Neotropical species keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 20 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 7 (Australia checklist); Terayama, 1989a: 26 (Taiwan species key); Brandão, 1991: 324 (Neotropical catalogue); Wang, M. 1993a: 226 (China species key); De Andrade, 1994: 24 (†Dominican Amber species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 63 (catalogue); Gronenberg & Ehmer, 1996: 183 (mandible morphology); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 309 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 181 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 29 (China, Guangxi species key); Kugler, J. & Ionescu, 2007: 298 (Mediterraean & Middle East species key); Fisher & Smith, 2008: 4 (Malagasy species revision, key); González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008: 98 (Argentina & Paraguay species key); Zabala, in Fernández, 2008: 125 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 117 (Taiwan species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Centromyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE15 species, 2 subspecies
Centromyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 894. Type-species: Centromyrmex bohemanni (junior synonym of Ponera brachycola), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Centromyrmex in Poneridae: Mayr, 1866b: 894.
Centromyrmex in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 15.
Centromyrmex in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1895b: 111; Forel, 1899c: 2; Emery, 1901a: 35; Forel, 1900d: 303; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 57 [subtribe Centromyrmicini]; Arnold, 1915: 38; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 646; all subsequent authors except the following.
Centromyrmex incertae sedis in Ponerinae: Jaffe, 1993: 8 (in error).
Junior synonyms of CENTROMYRMEX
Spalacomyrmex Emery, 1889b: 489. Type-species: Spalacomyrmex feae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Spalacomyrmex as junior synonym of Centromyrmex: Emery, 1890b: 40; Forel, 1900d: 303; Bingham, 1903: 93.
Glyphopone Forel, 1913b: 308. Type-species: Glyphopone bequaerti, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Glyphopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Arnold, 1916: 163; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647.
Glyphopone as junior synonym of Centromyrmex: Brown, 1963: 9.
Leptopone Arnold, 1916: 163 [as subgenus of Glyphopone]. Type-species: Glyphopone (Leptopone) rufigaster (junior synonym of Glyphopone bequaerti), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Leptopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Arnold, 1916: 163; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647.
Leptopone as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647.
Leptopone as junior synonym of Centromyrmex: Brown, 1963: 9.
Typhloteras Karavaiev, 1925b: 128. Type-species: Typhloteras hamulatum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Typhloteras in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 76.
Typhloteras as junior synonym of Centromyrmex: Brown, 1953c: 8.
Genus Centromyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 15 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 94 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911d: 57 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 38 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 762, 766, 779 (Afrotropical Centromyrmex, Glyphopone, Leptopone, Promyopias catalogues); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 52, 76 (Asia Centromyrmex, Typhloteras checklists); Brown, 1963: 9 (review of genus); Kempf, 1967b: 404 (Neotropical species revision, key); Kempf, 1972a: 75 (Neotropical catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 139 (catalogue); Bolton, 2003: 160 (synopsis); Fernández, 2008: 138 (Neotropical species key); Bolton & Fisher, 2008c: 4 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species revision, key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma TRUE TRUE FALSE24 species, 23 subspecies
Diacamma Mayr, 1862: 713 (diagnosis in key), 718. Type-species: Ponera rugosa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 75.
Taxonomic history
Diacamma in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 28.
Diacamma in Ponerinae, Leptogenysii: Forel, 1893a: 162.
Diacamma in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Diacamma in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 317; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 64 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Genus Diacamma references
Roger, 1863b: 16 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 407 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 86 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 28 (catalogue); Emery, 1887b: 435, footnote (all species key); Emery, 1897b: 162 (all species key); Forel, 1900d: 317 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 76 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 64 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 53 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1958d: 366 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 28 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 24 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 169 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 183 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 2003: 161 (synopsis); Shattuck & Barnett, 2006: 14 (Australia species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Harpegnathos TRUE TRUE FALSE7 species, 4 subspecies
Harpegnathos Jerdon, 1851: 116. Type-species: Harpegnathos saltator, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Harpegnathos in Odontomachidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Harpegnathos in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 58 [subtribe Harpegnathini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 646; all subsequent authors.
Harpegnathos as subgenus of Drepanognathus: Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Harpegnathos as junior synonym of Drepanognathus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 22 (priority error); Bingham, 1903: 49 (priority error).
Junior synonym of HARPEGNATHOS
Drepanognathus Smith, F. 1858b: 81. Type-species: Harpegnathos saltator, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 49.
Taxonomic history
[Unnecessary replacement name for Harpegnathos.]
Drepanognathus in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 81.
Drepanognathus in Odontomachidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Drepanognathus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 14 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 22.
Drepanognathus in Pachycondylinae, Drepanognathini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Drepanognathus as junior synonym of Harpegnathos: Roger, 1861a: 32; Roger, 1863b: 22; Forel, 1893a: 166; Forel, 1900c: 63; Emery, 1911d: 58; all subsequent authors.
Genus Harpegnathos references
Roger, 1863b: 22 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 408, 422 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 14 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 22 (catalogue); Forel, 1900c: 63 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 50 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 58 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 66 (Asia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 212 (catalogue); Bolton, 2003: 162 (synopsis).
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 216 species, 31 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Leptogenys Roger, 1861a: 41. Type-species: Leptogenys falcigera, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 52.
Taxonomic history
Leptogenys in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 46; Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 14 [Poneridae].
Leptogenys in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1899c: 17; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 97; Arnold, 1915: 89; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 84; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 652; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 656; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Leptogenys in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 304; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Brown, 1963: 3; Kempf, 1972a: 129; Jaffe, 1993: 8; Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 163.
Junior synonyms of LEPTOGENYS
Lobopelta Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 733. Type-species: Ponera diminuta, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 54.
Taxonomic history
Lobopelta in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 43.
Lobopelta in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 101; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 658.
Lobopelta as genus: Mayr, 1862: 733; Cresson, 1887: 258; Dalla Torre, 1893: 43; Bingham, 1903: 54.
Lobopelta as subgenus of Leptogenys: Forel, 1892k: 520; Forel, 1899c: 18; Forel, 1900d: 304; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 101; Arnold, 1915: 95; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 85; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Wheeler, W.M. 1923d: 1; Borgmeier, 1923: 75; Creighton, 1950a: 50; Kempf, 1972a: 131; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1343 (anachronism).
Lobopelta as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Emery, 1896e: 177 (footnote); Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1975a: 240; Bolton, 2003: 163.
Prionogenys Emery, 1895g: 348. Type-species: Prionogenys podenzanai, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Prionogenys in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135;
Prionogenys in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 106; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 652; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 685; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Prionogenys as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1988: 33.
Machaerogenys Emery, 1911d: 100 [as subgenus of Leptogenys]. Type-species: Leptogenys truncatirostris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Machaerogenys as subgenus of Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 100; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; subsequent authors to the following.
Machaerogenys as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Odontopelta Emery, 1911d: 101 [as subgenus of Leptogenys]. Type-species: Leptogenys turneri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontopelta as subgenus of Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 101; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 677.
Odontopelta as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 390; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 32.
Dorylozelus Forel, 1915b: 24. Type-species: Dorylozelus mjobergi (junior secondary homonym in Leptogenys, replaced by Leptogenys tricosa), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dorylozelus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1917: 238.
Dorylozelus in Ponerinae, Dorylozelini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 646; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640.
Dorylozelus incertae sedis in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Brown, 1960a: 181.
Dorylozelus as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1969: 132; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Microbolbos Donisthorpe, 1948f: 170. Type-species: Microbolbos testaceus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Microbolbos as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Wilson, 1955c: 136; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Genus Leptogenys references
Roger, 1863b: 19 (Lobopelta, Leptogenys catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 426, 427 (Leptogenys, Lobopelta catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 14, 15 (Leptogenys, Lobopelta diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 89 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1879: 664 (Lobopelta species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 43, 46 (Lobopelta, Leptogenys catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 304 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 52, 55 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Leptogenys, Lobopelta species keys); Emery, 1911d: 97 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 89, 95 (diagnosis, South Africa L. (Leptogenys) & L. (Lobopelta) species keys); Mann, 1919: 298 (Papuasia L. (Leptogenys) species key); Mann, 1921: 426 (Fiji L. (Lobopelta) species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 93, 786, 1010 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1923d: 14 (New World L. (Lobopelta) species key); Creighton, 1950a: 51 (North America L. (Lobopelta) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1958a: 113 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Wilson, 1958a: 136 (New Caledonia species key); Kempf, 1972a: 129 (Neotropical catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 8 (Cuba species key); Bolton, 1975a: 239 (diagnosis, review of genus); Bolton, 1975a: 244 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Bolton, 1975a: 293 (Malagasy species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1343 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 32, 39 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 34, 64 (Australia, New Caledonia checklists); Trager & Johnson, 1988: 30 (U.S.A. species key); Brandão, 1991: 349 (Neotropical catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 229 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 41 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 189 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2000a: 118 (China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 39 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 163 (synopsis); Lattke, in Fernández, 2008: 145 (Colombia species, review); Terayama, 2009: 115 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 133 (south-western Australia species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Myopias TRUE TRUE FALSE34 species, 2 subspecies
Myopias Roger, 1861a: 39. Type-species: Myopias amblyops, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myopias in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 12 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 16.
Myopias in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 94 [subtribe Plectroctenini]; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 650; all subsequent authors.
Myopias as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389.
Myopias as genus: Willey & Brown, 1983: 249; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of MYOPIAS
Trapeziopelta Mayr, 1862: 713 (diagnosis in key), 715. Type-species: Ponera maligna, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Trapeziopelta in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 11 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 43.
Trapeziopelta in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 93 [subtribe Plectroctenini]; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 650; all subsequent authors.
Trapeziopelta as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 390.
Trapeziopelta as genus: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256 (anachronism).
Trapeziopelta as junior synonym of Myopias: Willey & Brown, 1983: 249; Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 1995b: 48.
Bradyponera Mayr, 1886c: 362. Type-species: Ponera nitida (junior primary homonym in Ponera, replaced by Trapeziopelta mayri), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Bradyponera Smith, F. 1873: viii, nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.]
Bradyponera as junior synonym of Trapeziopelta: Emery, 1911d: 93 [provisional]; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 468.
Bradyponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389.
Bradyponera as junior synonym of Myopias: Bolton, 2003: 164.
Genus Myopias references
Roger, 1863b: 19 (Myopias, Trapeziopelta catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 429, 457 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 11, 12 (Trapeziopelta, Myopias diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 81 (Trapeziopelta diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 16, 43 (Myopias, Trapeziopelta catalogues); Emery, 1900c: 313 (New Guinea Trapeziopelta species key); Bingham, 1903: 103 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911d: 93 (Trapeziopelta diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 94 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 67, 75 (Asia Myopias, Trapeziopelta checklists); Willey & Brown, 1983: 274 (Australia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 35 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 41 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 269 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 190 (Australia synopsis).
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontomachus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 66 species
Fossil: 2 species
Odontomachus Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica haematoda, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontomachus in Ponérites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185.
Odontomachus in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1857a: 64; Smith, F. 1858b: 76.
Odontomachus in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 711; Mayr, 1865: 11; Smith, F. 1871a: 319.
Odontomachus in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 49.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 768; Forel, 1895b: 118; Forel, 1899c: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 111; Arnold, 1915: 108; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 93; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 42; Kempf, 1972a: 170; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Jaffe, 1993: 8.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Brown, 1976a: 70 [subtribe Odontomachiti]; Bolton, 1994: 164.
Junior synonyms of ODONTOMACHUS
Pedetes Bernstein, 1861: 7. Type-species: Pedetes macrorhynchus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pedetes as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 51; all subsequent authors.
Champsomyrmex Emery, 1892d: 558 (footnote). Type-species: Odontomachus coquereli, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Champsomyrmex in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 49.
Champsomyrmex in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Champsomyrmex in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Emery, 1895j: 768; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632.
Champsomyrmex as subgenus of Odontomachus: Forel, 1893a: 163 (misspelled as Thempsomyrmex); Forel, 1917: 238.
Champsomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1892d: 558 (footnote); Dalla Torre, 1893: 49; Emery, 1911d: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653.
Champsomyrmex as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Brown, 1976a: 96.
Myrtoteras Matsumura, 1912: 191. Type-species: Myrtoteras kuroiwae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrtoteras in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 672.
Myrtoteras as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Brown, 1976a: 96.
Genus Odontomachus references
Roger, 1863b: 21 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 436 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 11 (diagnosis); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1892d: 559 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 49 (catalogue); Forel, 1900c: 57 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 47 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 111 (diagnosis, catalogue); Gallardo, 1918b: 95 (Argentina species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 99, 792, 1013 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Creighton, 1950a: 55 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 42 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1959a: 485 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Kempf, 1962b: 17 (Neotropical species key); Kempf, 1972a: 170 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1976a: 111, 114, 117 (New World species, Malesian & Austral species, Afrotropical & Malagasy species keys); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1344 (North America catalogue); Deyrup, Trager & Carlin, 1985: 188 (Southeastern U.S.A. species, review); Brown, 1978b: 281 (supplement to Brown, 1976a); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 36 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 48 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Wang, M. 1993: 220 (China species key); De Andrade, 1994: 24 (†Dominican Amber species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 294 (catalogue); Gronenberg, 1995: 391 (mandible morphology); Shattuck, 1999: 194 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 25 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 164 (synopsis); Deyrup & Cover, 2004b: 141 (U.S.A. species key); Yoshimura, Onoyama & Ogata, 2007: 89 (Japan species key); Fisher & Smith, 2008: 13 (Malagasy species revision, key); Rodríguez, in Fernández, 2008: 151 (Neotropical species key); Sorger & Zettel, 2011: 143 (Philippines species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontoponera TRUE TRUE FALSE2 species, 3 subspecies
Odontoponera Mayr, 1862: 713 (diagnosis in key), 717. Type-species: Ponera denticulata (junior synonym of Ponera transversa), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontoponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 12 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 30.
Odontoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Odontoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 314; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 60 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 646; all subsequent authors.
Genus Odontoponera references
Roger, 1863b: 18 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 437 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 12 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 30 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 72 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911d: 60 (diagnosis, catalogue); Creighton, 1929: 151 (infraspecific taxa, key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 67 (Asia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 298 (catalogue); Bolton, 2003: 165 (synopsis).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 252 species, 62 subspecies
Fossil: 12 species
Pachycondyla Smith, F. 1858b: 105. Type-species: Formica crassinoda, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1901a: 42.
Taxonomic history
Pachycondyla in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 105; Smith, 1871a: 324.
Pachycondyla in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 32.
Pachycondyla in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Pachycondyla in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1895b: 114; Forel, 1899c: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 73 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 53; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of PACHYCONDYLA
Bothroponera Mayr, 1862: 713 (diagnosis in key), 717. Type-species: Ponera pumicosa, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1901a: 42.
Taxonomic history
Bothroponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35.
Bothroponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Bothroponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 75 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Bothroponera as subgenus of Ponera: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 325.
Bothroponera as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 75; Arnold, 1915: 55; Forel, 1917: 237; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 628.
Bothroponera as genus: Mayr, 1862: 717; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35; Bingham, 1903: 95; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 299 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 67; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49; Bernard, 1953b: 187; Taylor, 1987a: 9; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 21; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Bothroponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Megaponera Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 734. Type-species: Formica foetens (junior primary homonym in Formica, replaced by Formica analis), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Megaponera in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 30; Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae].
Megaponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Megaponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 67 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 46; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors to the following.
Megaponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
[Megaloponera Roger, 1863b: 17, incorrect subsequent spelling; misspelling repeated by several authors, for example Emery, 1877b: 368; Forel, 1917: 237.]
Paltothyreus Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 735. Type-species: Formica tarsata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paltothyreus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 32.
Paltothyreus in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Paltothyreus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 62 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 43; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Paltothyreus as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Ectomomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 83. Type-species: Ectomomyrmex javanus, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 85.
Taxonomic history
Ectomomyrmex in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 30.
Ectomomyrmex in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ectomomyrmex in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 321; Emery, 1911d: 78 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Ectomomyrmex as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 78; Arnold, 1915: 53; Forel, 1917: 237.
Ectomomyrmex as genus: Mayr, 1867a: 83; Dalla Torre, 1893: 30; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Forel, 1900d: 321; Bingham, 1903: 85; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 60; Brown, 1963: 9; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 29; Taylor, 1987a: 26; Ogata, 1987: 112.
Ectomomyrmex as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
[Ectomyrmex Donisthorpe, 1943f: 641, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Ophthalmopone Forel, 1890b: cxii. Type-species: Ophthalmopone berthoudi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ophthalmopone in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 31.
Ophthalmopone in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ophthalmopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 69 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 49; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Ophthalmopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Euponera Forel, 1891b: 126 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-species: Ponera (Euponera) sikorae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Euponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 79 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 37; Arnold, 1915: 63; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Euponera as subgenus of Ponera: Forel, 1891b: 126; Emery, 1895j: 767.
Euponera as genus: Emery, 1901a: 46; Emery, 1909c: 364; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 79; Arnold, 1915: 63; Forel, 1917: 237; Gallardo, 1918b: 64; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Borgmeier, 1923: 70; Clark, 1934b: 30; Creighton, 1950a: 44; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 63; Bernard, 1953b: 189; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11.
Euponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Cryptopone Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-species: Cryptopone testacea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Cryptopone also described as new by Emery, 1893f: 240. Type-species not Amblyopone testacea, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161, repeated in Emery, 1911d: 88, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 780, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 636, Kempf, 1972a: 90 and Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 28; see discussion in Wilson, 1958d: 360.]
Cryptopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 88 [subtribe Ponerini]; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 650; all subsequent authors.
Cryptopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 3.
Pseudoponera Emery, 1900c: 314 [as subgenus of Pachycondyla]. Type-species: Ponera quadridentata (junior synonym of Formica stigma), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Pseudoponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 42. Type-species not Ponera amblyops, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 42; repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 171, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 779; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723.]
Pseudoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Pseudoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 86 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 238; all subsequent authors.
Pseudoponera as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1900c: 314; Emery, 1901a: 42.
Pseudoponera as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1900c: 141; Forel, 1900e: 398; Emery, 1909c: 364; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Pseudoponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 91; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 86; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 74.
Pseudoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Brachyponera Emery, 1900c: 315 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Euponera (Brachyponera) croceicornis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Brachyponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species not Ponera sennaarensis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 43, repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160, Emery, 1911d: 84, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 777, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 628, Wilson, 1958d: 346; Bolton, 1973a: 335; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23.]
Brachyponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Brachyponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 83; all subsequent authors.
Brachyponera as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1900c: 315; Emery, 1909c: 366; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 83; Arnold, 1915: 72; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; subsequent authors to the following.
Brachyponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 101; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wilson, 1958d: 346; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Taylor, 1987a: 9; Ogata, 1987: 116; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Brachyponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389 [provisional]; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Mesoponera Emery, 1900d: 668 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Ponera melanaria, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Mesoponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species not Ponera caffraria, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 43, repeated by Emery, 1911d: 81, Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 775, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 661, Wilson, 1958d: 349; Kempf, 1972a: 141, Bolton, 1973a: 338; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 35.]
Mesoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Mesoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 80; all subsequent authors.
Mesoponera as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1900d: 668; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 80; Arnold, 1915: 64; Forel, 1917: 237; Gallardo, 1918b: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Borgmeier, 1923: 71; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 661; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 64; Bernard, 1953b: 190.
Mesoponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 99; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wilson, 1958d: 349; Kempf, 1972a: 141; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 34; Taylor, 1987a: 39; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Mesoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Eumecopone Forel, 1901e: 335 [as subgenus of Neoponera]. Type-species: Neoponera (Eumecopone) agilis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eumecopone as subgenus of Neoponera: Forel, 1901e: 335; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 71; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; subsequent authors to the following.
Eumecopone junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Hagensia Forel, 1901f: 333 [as subgenus of Megaloponera (sic)]. Type-species: Megaloponera (Hagensia) havilandi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hagensia in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 69 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; all subsequent authors.
Hagensia as subgenus of Megaponera: Forel, 1901f: 333; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 61.
Hagensia as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1917: 237.
Hagensia as genus: Arnold, 1926: 202; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 648; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11.
Hagensia as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Neoponera Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species: Formica villosa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Neoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 70 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Neoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Trachymesopus Emery, 1911d: 84 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Formica stigma, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Trachymesopus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 84; all subsequent authors.
Trachymesopus as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1911d: 84; Arnold, 1915: 74; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Borgmeier, 1923: 72; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 733; Creighton, 1950a: 46; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 65; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 786; Bernard, 1953b: 195.
Trachymesopus as genus: Wilson, 1958d: 352; Kempf, 1960f: 423; Brown, 1963: 6; Kempf, 1972a: 251; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 52; Ogata, 1987: 114; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Trachymesopus as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164.
Trachymesopus as junior synonym of Pseudoponera: Bolton, 1995b: 48 (because of synonymous type-species); Bolton, 2003: 168.
[Trachyponera Santschi, 1928a: 43, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Xiphopelta Forel, 1913a: 108 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-species: Ponera (Xiphopelta) arnoldi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xiphopelta as subgenus of Ponera: Forel, 1913a: 108; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737.
Xiphopelta as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1917: 237; Emery, 1919c: 106; Bernard, 1953b: 191.
Xiphopelta as junior synonym of Mesoponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 775; all subsequent authors to the following.
Xiphopelta as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
[Hiphopelta Forel, 1913a: 108, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Termitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 159. Type-species: Ponera laevigata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Termitopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 731.
Termitopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Syntermitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 169 [as subgenus of Termitopone.] Type-species: Ponera commutata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Syntermitopone as subgenus of Termitopone: Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 169.
Syntermitopone as genus: Kusnezov, 1956: 15.
Syntermitopone as junior synonym of Termitopone: Borgmeier, 1959a: 312.
Syntermitopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Wadeura Weber, 1939a: 102. Type-species: Wadeura guianensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Wadeura in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Wadeura as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Pseudoneoponera Donisthorpe, 1943d: 439. Type-species: Pseudoneoponera verecundae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudoneoponera in Ponerinae, Pseudoneoponerini: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 77.
Pseudoneoponera as junior synonym of Bothroponera: Wilson, 1958d: 361.
Pseudoneoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Genus Pachycondyla references
Mayr, 1862: 719 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 16, 17, 18 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 397, 428, 439, 440 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13, 15 (Bothroponera, Pachycondyla, Megaponera, Paltothyreus diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (Bothroponera diagnosis); Mayr, 1870a: 396 (Colombia + Panama (= New Grenada) species key); Emery, 1887b: 18 (footnote) (Asia & Australia Bothroponera species key); Emery, 1890a: 71 (Neotropical species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 30, 31, 32, 35 (Ectomomyrmex, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Paltothyreus, Pachycondyla, Bothroponera catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 321 (India & Sri Lanka Ectomomyrmex species key); Bingham, 1903: 86, 91, 96, 101 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Ectomomyrmex, Pseudoponera, Bothroponera, Brachyponera species keys); Emery, 1911d: 62 (Paltothyreus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 67 (Megaponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 69 (Megaponera (Hagensia) and Ophthalmopone diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 70 (Neoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 73 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 75 (P. (Bothroponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 78 (P. (Ectomomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 80 (Euponera diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 80 (Euponera (Mesoponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 83 (Euponera (Brachyponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 84 (Euponera (Trachymesopus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 86 (Pseudoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 88 (Cryptopone diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 43, 46, 49, 53, 63 (Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Pachycondyla, Euponera diagnoses); Arnold, 1915: 50, 55, 64 (South Africa Ophthalmopone, Bothroponera, Euponera (Mesoponera) species keys); Gallardo, 1918b: 56, 66 (Argentina Neoponera, Mesoponera, keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 72 (Afrotropical Bothroponera species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 60, 63, 69, 81 (Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Bothroponera, Euponera diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 763, 766, 768, 769, 774, 780 (Afrotropical Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Bothroponera, Ectomomyrmex, Euponera, Pseudoponera, Cryptopone catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1007, 1008 (Malagasy Bothroponera, Euponera catalogues); Arnold, 1926: 203 (South Africa Hagensia species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 5 (Cryptopone all species key); Santschi, 1935b: 259 (Africa Mesoponera, key); Creighton, 1950a: 45 (North America Euponera species key); Arnold, 1951: 53 (Hagensia species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49, 52, 60, 63, 74 (Asia Bothroponera, Cryptopone, Ectmomomyrmex, Euponera, Pseudoponera checklists); Arnold, 1952a: 461 (South Africa Bothroponera, key); Bernard, 1953b: 191 (Guinea Euponera (Xiphopelta) species key); Brown, 1958h: 20 (New Zealand species); Wilson, 1958d: 346, 357, 362 (Melanesia Brachyponera, Cryptopone, Ectomomyrmex species keys); Kempf, 1961b: 192 (Brazil species key); Brown, 1963: 6, 9 (reviews of Cryptopone, Trachymesopus & Ectomomyrmex); Kempf, 1964e: 51 (Neotropical Pachycondyla species key); Kusnezov, 1969: 36 (Argentina Neoponera species key); Kempf, 1972a: 90, 141, 160, 174, 248, 251, 257 (Neotropical Cryptopone, Mesoponera, Neoponera, Pachycondyla, Termitopone, Trachymesopus, Wadeura catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 7 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1339, 1341 (North America, Pachycondyla, Brachyponera, Cryptopone catalogues); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 21, 23, 28, 29, 34, 34, 52 (Australia, catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 9, 23, 26, 39, 80 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 18 (Japan Ectomomyrmex, Cryptopone, Brachyponera, Trachymesopus species key); Brandão, 1991: 354, 360, 365, 381, 382 (Neotropical catalogue); Xu, 1994b: 182 (China Brachyponera species key); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 166, 302 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 45 (China species key); Xu, 1995b: 104 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 310 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla Saudi Arabia species key); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 147 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 182, 196 (Australia Cryptopone, Pachycondyla fauna synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 35, 49 (China, Guangxi Cryptopone, Pachycondyla species keys); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 424 (wingless female fossils, diagnosis); Wild, 2002: 4 (Paraguay species key); Bolton, 2003: 161, 165 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla synopses); Wild, 2005: 5 (P. apicalis complex key); Yamane, 2007: 652 (P. nigrita species group key); Mackay, Mackay, Fernández & Arias-Penna, in Fernández, 2008: 172 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 105, 108 (Taiwan Pachycondyla, Cryptopone species keys); Heterick, 2009: 134 (south-western Australia species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 26, 107 (New World Pachycondyla species revision, species complexes key and species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 52 species
Fossil: 5 species
Ponera Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica coarctata, by subsequent designation of Westwood, 1840a: 83 (see discussion in Taylor, 1967a: 6).
Taxonomic history
Ponera in Ponérites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 188.
Ponera in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 83; Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Ponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1855: 386 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 65 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1861: 54 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 37.
Ponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1899c: 15; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 88 [subtribe Ponerini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 38; Arnold, 1915: 77; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 650; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of PONERA
Pseudocryptopone Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 12. Type-species: Cryptopone tenuis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocryptopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722.
Pseudocryptopone as junior synonym of Ponera: Wilson, 1957b: 356.
Selenopone Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 19. Type-species: Ponera selenophora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Selenopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 725.
Selenopone as junior synonym of Ponera: Wilson, 1957b: 356.
Pteroponera Bernard, 1950a: 3. Type-species: Pteroponera sysphinctoides, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pteroponera as junior synonym of Ponera: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164.
Genus Ponera references
[References before Taylor, 1967a refer to both Ponera and Hypoponera.]
Mayr, 1855: 386 (diagnosis); Smith, F. 1858b: 83 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1862: 721 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 16 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 447 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 85 (diagnosis); Forel, 1874: 64 (Switzerland species key); Mayr, 1879: 661 (all species key); André, 1882c: 239 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 37 (catalogue); Emery, 1895b: 60 (Mediterranean species key); Emery, 1896g: 53 (New World species key); Emery, 1900c: 316 (Australia, Papuasia & Oceania species key); Forel, 1900d: 322 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 89 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1909c: 367 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1911d: 88 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 76 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1916b: 107 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 81 (France & Belgium species key); Gallardo, 1918b: 73 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1921: 419 (Fiji species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 780, 1009 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Menozzi, 1931b: 266 (Costa Rica species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 13 (Pseudocryptopone species key); Smith, M.R. 1936: 420 (North America species key); Stitz, 1939: 58 (Germany species key); Creighton, 1950a: 47 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 68, 73, 74 (Asia Ponera, Pseudocryptopone, Selenopone checklists); Bernard, 1953b: 197 (West Africa species key); Wilson, 1957b: 359, 376 (P. tenuis, P. selenophora groups revisions, keys); Wilson, 1958d: 323, 343 (Melanesia & Moluccas species, Fiji species revisions, keys); Brown, 1958h: 22 (New Zealand species); Taylor, 1960: 180 (P. leae complex, key); Taylor, 1964: 139 (†fossil species, review); Taylor, 1967a: 18 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bernard, 1967: 83 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1341 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 38 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 63 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand, checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 22 (Japan species key); Perrault, 1993: 337 (addition to Taylor, 1967a key); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 360 (catalogue); Terayama, 1996: 14 (Japan species key); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 149 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 199 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001a: 52 and Xu, 2001c: 218 (China species keys); Zhou, 2001b: 37 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 170 (synopsis); Yoshimura, Hosoishi, et al. 2009: 200 (Japan species key); Terayama, 2009: 109 (Taiwan species key).
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Discothyrea TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 32 species
Fossil: 2 species
Discothyrea Roger, 1863a: 176. Type-species: Discothyrea testacea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Discothyrea in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 18.
Discothyrea in Dorylinae, Proceratiini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Discothyrea in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 51; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 76; Kusnezov, 1964: 51; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Jaffe, 1993: 8; Lattke, 1994: 112.
Discothyrea in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Brown, 1958g: 248; Kempf, 1972a: 97; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1339; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10; Bolton, 1994: 164.
Discothyrea in Proceratiinae, Proceratiini: Bolton, 2003: 49, 179.
Junior synonyms of DISCOTHYREA
Prodiscothyrea Wheeler, W.M. 1916i: 33. Type-species: Prodiscothyrea velutina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Prodiscothyrea in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Wheeler, W.M. 1916i: 36; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 687; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 77.
Prodiscothyrea as junior synonym of Discothyrea: Brown, 1958g: 248.
Pseudosysphincta Arnold, 1916: 161. Type-species: Pseudosysphincta poweri, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudosysphincta in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723.
Pseudosysphincta as junior synonym of Discothyrea: Brown, 1958g: 248.
[Pseudosphincta Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Genus Discothyrea references
Roger, 1863b: 21 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13 (diagnosis); Cresson, 1887: 259 (U.S.A., catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 18 (catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 51 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1916: 159 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 761, 762 (Afrotropical Discothyrea, Pseudosysphincta catalogues); Weber, 1939a: 99 (Neotropical species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 76, 77 (Asia Discothyrea, Prodiscothyrea checklists); Brown, 1958g: 248 (review of genus); Brown, 1958h: 19 (New Zealand species); Kempf, 1972a: 97 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1339 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 29 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 24 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 16 (Japan species key); Lattke, 1994: 113 (Neotropical species); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 171 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 184 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 2003: 179 (synopsis); Sosa-Calvo & Longino, 2008: 223 (Colombia species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2009: 9 (Malagasy males diagnosis); Terayama, 2009: 98 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 143 (south-western Australia species key).
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 78 species
Fossil: 5 species
Proceratium Roger, 1863a: 171. Type-species: Proceratium silaceum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Proceratium in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1865: 12 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 18.
Proceratium in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1895b: 111.
Proceratium in Dorylinae, Proceratiini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Proceratium in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Brown, 1958g: 241; Kempf, 1972a: 211; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1338; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10; Bolton, 1994: 164.
Proceratium in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 50; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Jaffe, 1993: 8; Lattke, 1994: 112.
Proceratium in Proceratiinae, Proceratiini: Bolton, 2003: 49, 179.
Junior synonym of PROCERATIUM
Sysphingta Roger, 1863a: 175. Type-species: Sysphingta micrommata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sysphingta in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1865: 12 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 18.
Sysphingta in Dorylinae, Proceratiini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Sysphingta in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 50; Arnold, 1915: 34; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 730.
Sysphingta as genus: Emery, 1895c: 262; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Creighton, 1950a: 40.
Sysphingta as junior synonym of Proceratium: Mayr, 1886d: 437; Dalla Torre, 1893: 18; Brown, in Borgmeier, 1957: 118; Brown, 1958g: 241; all subsequent authors.
[Sysphincta Mayr, 1865: 12 (and most subsequent authors), incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Genus Proceratium references
Roger, 1863b: 16, 21 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 451, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 12 (Sysphingta, Proceratium diagnoses); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 18 (catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 50 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 50 (Sysphingta diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 34 (Sysphingta diagnosis); Emery, 1916b: 103 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 761 (Afrotropical catalogue); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 58, 88 (West Palaearctic species key); Creighton, 1950a: 39, 41 (North America Proceratium, Sysphingta species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 77 (Asia Proceratium, Sysphingta checklists); Brown, 1958g: 241 (review of genus); Bernard, 1967: 81 (diagnosis); Snelling, R.R. 1967: 8 (New World species key); Kempf, 1972a: 211 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1974a: 81 (species notes); Baroni Urbani, 1977d: 91 (European species, synopsis); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1338 (North America catalogue); Brown, 1980b: 342 (New World species key); Terron, 1981: 102 (Afrotropical species notes); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 39 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 65 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264 (Balkans species key); Ward, 1988: 116 (New World species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 14 (Japan species key); Brandão, 1991: 373 (Neotropical catalogue); Lattke, 1994: 113 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 366 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 203 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2000c: 434 (China species key); Onoyama & Yoshimura, 2002: 31 (Japan species key); Bolton, 2003: 179 (synopsis); Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 40 (diagnosis, all species revision, keys; Palaearctic species key: 445; Indomalayan species key: 447; Oceanean species key: 449; Afrotropical species key: 451; Nearctic and Neotropical species key: 452; world species key: 456); Xu, 2006: 153 (China species key); Sosa-Calvo & Longino, 2008: 228 (Neotropical species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2009: 13 (Malagasy males diagnosis); Terayama, 2009: 97 (Taiwan species key).
Leptanillinae Leptanillini Leptanilla TRUE TRUE FALSE43 species
Leptanilla Emery, 1870: 196. Type-species: Leptanilla revelierii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Leptanilla in Dorylinae: Emery, 1870: 196 [Dorylidae]; Emery, 1904a: 116.
Leptanilla in Myrmicinae: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; André, 1882c: 268 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Leptanilla in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769.
Leptanilla in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Leptanilla in Dorylinae, Leptanillini: Emery, 1910b: 32; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 138; Forel, 1917: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 636.
Leptanilla in Leptanillinae, Leptanillini: Wheeler, W.M. 1923f: 335; Wheeler, G.C. 1928: 89; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 656; Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 433; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Bolton, 1990b: 276; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 12; Bolton, 1994: 70; Bolton, 2003: 152.
Junior synonym of LEPTANILLA
Leptomesites Kutter, 1948: 286. Type-species: Leptomesites escheri, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Leptomesites in Leptanillinae: Kutter, 1948: 286; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257.
Leptomesites as junior synonym of Leptanilla: Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 433; all subsequent authors.
Genus Leptanilla references
André, 1882c: 268 (Europe & Algeria species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 72 (catalogue); Emery, 1904a: 107 (anatomy, affinities); Emery, 1910b: 32 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1916b: 94 (Italy species); Bondroit, 1918 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, E.W. 1930: 200 (catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17 (Asia checklist); Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 434 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 53 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 34 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1989: 35 (Japan species key); Ogata, Terayama & Masuko, 1995: 32 (diagnosis, males); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 229 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 117 (Australia synopsis); Xu & Zhang, 2002: 142 and Xu, 2002a: 116 (China species key).
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus aitkenii TRUE TRUE FALSEaitkenii. Aenictus aitkenii Forel, 1901a: 475 (w.) INDIA. Junior synonym of aratus: Wilson, 1964a: 446. Revived from synonymy and senior synonym of asiatica: Shattuck, 2008c: 16.
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Bothriomyrmex anastasiae TRUE TRUE FALSEanastasiae. Bothriomyrmex anastasiae Dubovikov, 2002: 918, figs. 1-3 (w.q.) RUSSIA.
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis cuneinodis TRUE TRUE FALSEcuneinodis. Cataglyphis viaticoides subsp. cuneinodis Arnol'di, 1964: 1810 (w.) TRANSCAUCASIA. [First available use of Myrmecocystus (Cataglyphis) albicans subsp. ruber var. cuneinodis Karavaiev, 1924: 305; unavailable name.] Raised to species: Radchenko, 1997c: 426; Radchenko, 1998: 507 (in key).
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis noda TRUE TRUE FALSEnoda. Formica nodus Brullé, 1833: 326, pl. 48, fig. 1 (w.) GREECE. Combination in Cataglyphis: Mayr, 1861: 44. Junior synonym of viatica: Roger, 1861b: 163; Dalla Torre, 1893: 218. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of bicolor: Emery, 1925b: 265. Subspecies of bicolor: Menozzi, 1927e: 119; Santschi, 1929b: 47; Menozzi, 1936d: 305; Bernard, 1948: 162. Raised to species: Arnol'di, 1964: 1802; Pisarski, 1965: 421. Junior synonym of bicolor: Wehner, Harkness & Schmid-Hempel, 1983: 7. Revived from synonymy: Collingwood, 1985: 290; Agosti, 1990b: 1489; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 291. Senior synonym of orientalis: Emery, 1925b: 265; Finzi, 1928c: 791; of caucasicola, mesasiatica: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153. [Misspelled as nuda: Santschi, 1933b: 108.]
Formicinae Formicini Formica mesasiatica TRUE TRUE FALSEmesasiatica. Formica (Coptoformica) mesasiatica Dlussky, 1964: 1030, figs. (w.q.m.) RUSSIA. Junior synonym of fukaii: Sonobe & Dlussky, 1977: 23. Revived status as species: Seifert, 2000a: 532. See also: Tarbinsky, 1976: 179.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor aegyptiacus TRUE TRUE FALSE4 subspecies
aegyptiacus. Aphaenogaster barbara var. aegyptiaca Emery, 1878b: 57 (w.q.) EGYPT. Emery, 1908e: 452 (m.). Combination in A. (Messor): Forel, 1890a: lxix; in Stenamma (Messor): Forel, 1902a: 148; in Messor: Ruzsky, 1905b: 751. Subspecies of barbarus: Forel, 1890a: lxix. Raised to species: Santschi, 1923f: 320. Current subspecies: nominal plus canaliculatus, felah, phasianicus, tunetinus. See also: Santschi, 1929e: 142; Finzi, 1936: 157.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor aegyptiacus phasianicus TRUE TRUE FALSEphasianicus. Messor aegyptiacus var. phasianica Bernard, 1953a: 143 (in key) (w.) ALGERIA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole fantasia TRUE TRUE FALSEfantasia. Pheidole fantasia Chapman, 1963: 255, fig. 6 (s.w.q.) PHILIPPINES. See also: Eguchi, 2001b: 51.
Ponerinae Platythyreini Platythyrea clypeata TRUE TRUE FALSEclypeata. Platythyrea clypeata Forel, 1911d: 378 (q.) "Pays de Mois" (S.E. Asia). Xu & Zeng, 2000: 214 (w.). Senior synonym of thwaitesi: Brown, 1975: 8.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis aspasia TRUE TRUE FALSEaspasia. Polyrhachis aspasia Forel, 1911a: 59 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 132.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica lasia TRUE TRUE FALSElasia. Cladarogenys lasia Brown, 1976b: 34, figs. 1-5, A-D (w.) GABON. Combination in Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1672. See also: Bolton, 2000: 308.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Stenamma asiaticum FALSE FALSE FALSEasiaticum. Stenamma westwoodi subsp. asiaticum Ruzsky, 1905b: 711 (w.) RUSSIA. Unidentifiable taxon, incertae sedis in Stenamma: DuBois, 1998b: 310.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax korbi TRUE TRUE FALSEkorbi. Leptothorax corticalis var. korbi Emery, 1924d: 254 (w.q.) TRANSCAUCASIA. [First available use of Leptothorax tuberum subsp. corticalis var. korbi Emery, 1898c: 133; unavailable name.] Combination in Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271. Raised to species: Arnol'di, 1948: 7.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium phasias TRUE TRUE FALSEphasias. Tetramorium guineense var. phasias Forel, 1914d: 226 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Raised to species and senior synonym of hertigi: Bolton, 1980: 273.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Calyptomyrmex friederikae TRUE TRUE FALSEfriederikae. Calyptomyrmex friederikae Kutter, 1976a: 269, figs. 1-7 (w.) BHUTAN.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Calyptomyrmex wittmeri TRUE TRUE FALSEwittmeri. Calyptomyrmex wittmeri Baroni Urbani, 1975a: 396, figs. 1, 5 (w.) BHUTAN.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Discothyrea stumperi TRUE TRUE FALSEstumperi. Discothyrea stumperi Baroni Urbani, 1977f: 97, figs. 1, 2 (w.) BHUTAN.
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius draco TRUE TRUE FALSEdraco. Lasius draco Collingwood, 1982: 294, figs. 9, 22 (w.) BHUTAN.
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius magnus TRUE TRUE FALSEmagnus. Lasius (Lasius) magnus Seifert, 1992b: 43, figs. 33-35, 40 (w.q.) BHUTAN.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Lordomyrma bhutanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbhutanensis. Stenamma bhutanense Baroni Urbani, 1977b: 420, figs. 2, 4 (w.) BHUTAN. Combination in Lordomyrma: Branstetter, 2009: 48. See also: DuBois, 1998b: 304.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica collingwoodi TRUE TRUE FALSEcollingwoodi. Myrmica collingwoodi Radchenko & Elmes, 1998: 23, fig. 6 (w.q.) BHUTAN. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 111.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica villosa TRUE TRUE FALSEvillosa. Myrmica villosa Radchenko & Elmes, 1999a: 31, fig. 1 (6-12) (w.q.) BHUTAN. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 318.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Perissomyrmex monticola TRUE TRUE FALSEmonticola. Perissomyrmex monticola De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1993: 90, figs. 1-3 (w.q.) BHUTAN. See also: Ogata & Okido, 2007: 360.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium bhutanense TRUE TRUE FALSEbhutanense. Proceratium bhutanense De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 278, figs. 116-117 (w.) BHUTAN.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica nannosobek TRUE TRUE FALSEnannosobek. Pyramica nannosobek Bolton, 2000: 453 (w.) BHUTAN.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys caniophanoides TRUE TRUE FALSEcaniophanoides. Strumigenys caniophanoides De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 153, fig. 53 (w.) BHUTAN.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys uberyx TRUE TRUE FALSEuberyx. Strumigenys uberyx Bolton, 2000: 799 (w.) BHUTAN.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium urbanii TRUE TRUE FALSEurbanii. Tetramorium urbanii Bolton, 1977: 84, fig. 12 (w.) BHUTAN.
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Anonychomyrma anguliceps TRUE TRUE FALSEanguliceps. Iridomyrmex anguliceps Forel, 1901b: 18 (q.m.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster dahlii TRUE TRUE FALSEdahlii. Crematogaster dahlii Forel, 1901b: 15 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in C. (Xiphocrema): Forel, 1913k: 80.
Myrmicinae Basicerotini Eurhopalothrix cinnamea TRUE TRUE FALSEcinnamea. Eurhopalothrix cinnamea Taylor, 1970a: 50, figs. 1-4 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago).
Ponerinae Ponerini Hypoponera siremps TRUE TRUE FALSEsiremps. Ponera siremps Forel, 1901b: 8 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in Hypoponera: Bolton, 1995b: 216.
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Iridomyrmex angusticeps TRUE TRUE FALSEangusticeps. Iridomyrmex angusticeps Forel, 1901b: 19 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). See also: Heterick & Shattuck, 2011: 44.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia vaga TRUE TRUE FALSEvaga. Prenolepis obscura r. vaga Forel, 1901b: 26 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Donisthorpe, 1948g: 142 (m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: Wheeler, W.M. 1936f: 17; in Paratrechina: Bolton, 1995b: 315; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Raised to species: Emery, 1914f: 424. Senior synonym of crassipilis, irritans: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 90.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia obscura bismarckensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbismarckensis. Prenolepis obscura r. bismarckensis Forel, 1901b: 26 (w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Camponotini Opisthopsis linnaei TRUE TRUE FALSElinnaei. Opisthopsis linnaei Forel, 1901b: 26 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago).
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Papyrius nitidus oceanicus TRUE TRUE FALSEoceanicus. Iridomyrmex nitidus r. oceanicus Forel, 1901b: 20 (w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in Papyrius: Shattuck, 1992a: 17.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole impressiceps commista TRUE TRUE FALSEcommista. Pheidole impressiceps r. commista Forel, 1901b: 13 (s.w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Plagiolepis bicolor TRUE TRUE FALSEbicolor. Plagiolepis bicolor Forel, 1901b: 24 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Forel, 1912d: 109 (q.). Combination in Acropyga: Dahl, 1901: 12; in Plagiolepis: Forel, 1912d: 109.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Podomyrma silvicola dimidiata TRUE TRUE FALSEdimidiata. Podomyrma silvicola var. dimidiata Forel, 1904d: 170 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago).
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis bismarckensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbismarckensis. Polyrhachis mucronata var. bismarckensis Forel, 1901b: 33 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Emery, 1925b: 196. Raised to species: Kohout, 1998: 515.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis conops TRUE TRUE FALSEconops. Polyrhachis conops Forel, 1901b: 28 (w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in P. (Myrma): Emery, 1925b: 200. Senior synonym of stitzi: Kohout, 1998: 519. Current subspecies: nominal plus cuspidata (unresolved junior homonym).
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis cyrus TRUE TRUE FALSEcyrus. Polyrhachis cyrus Forel, 1901b: 32 (w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in P. (Chariomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 186. Senior synonym of urania: Kohout, 1998: 511.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis dahlii TRUE TRUE FALSEdahlii. Polyrhachis dahlii Forel, 1901b: 30 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in P. (Myrmothrinax): Mann, 1919: 378.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis dohrni TRUE TRUE FALSEdohrni. Polyrhachis dohrni Forel, 1901b: 34 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Kohout, 2007a: 198 (q.). Combination in P. (Aulacomyrma): Emery, 1921e: 17.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis leonidas TRUE TRUE FALSEleonidas. Polyrhachis leonidas Forel, 1901b: 34 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in P. (Cyrtomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 208. See also: Kohout, 2006b: 130.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis mentor TRUE TRUE FALSEmentor. Polyrhachis mentor Forel, 1901b: 31 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Junior synonym of limbata: Viehmeyer, 1914b: 54. Revived from synonymy: Kohout, 1998: 512.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis radicicola TRUE TRUE FALSEradicicola. Polyrhachis costulata var. radicicola Dahl, 1901: 15 (w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). [First available use of Polyrhachis aurea r. costulata var. radicicola Forel, 1901b: 32; unavailable name.] Combination in P. (Chariomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 186. Subspecies of costulata: Dorow, 1995: 18. Raised to species and senior synonym of karawaiewi: Kohout, 1998: 513.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis ralumensis TRUE TRUE FALSEralumensis. Polyrhachis ralumensis Forel, 1901b: 34 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in P. (Cyrtomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 208. Senior synonym of major: Viehmeyer, 1914b: 50. See also: Kohout, 2006b: 132.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis semiobscura TRUE TRUE FALSEsemiobscura. Polyrhachis (Hagiomyrma) semiobscura Donisthorpe, 1944c: 65 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago).
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis arcuata acutinota TRUE TRUE FALSEacutinota. Polyrhachis arcuata var. acutinota Forel, 1901b: 32 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in P. (Chariomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 186.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius amblyops TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
amblyops. Pseudolasius amblyops Forel, 1901b: 25 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Current subspecies: nominal plus sundaicus.
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Turneria dahlii TRUE TRUE FALSEdahlii. Turneria dahlii Forel, 1901b: 17 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Wilson, 1962c: 17 (q.). See also: Shattuck, 1990: 109.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 614 species, 86 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Polyrhachis Smith, F. 1857a: 58. Type-species: Formica bihamata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Polyrhachis Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172, nomen nudum.]
Polyrhachis in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 58.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae].
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 257.
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 194; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 251; Arnold, 1924: 741.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 175; all subsequent authors except the following.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Polyrhachis as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170. [Myrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 106; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702, 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; all subsequent authors (see note under Myrma).]
[Polyrachis Arnold, 1924: 741, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Subgenera of POLYRHACHIS include the nominal plus the following.
All the earlier subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Polyrhachis by Brown, 1973b: 178 - 184. Brown's list was repeated in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 19 but with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms; subgeneric status was reinstated in Bolton, 1994: 50. These consecutive entries are not repeated individually below.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMA)
Myrma Billberg, 1820: 104. Type-species: Formica militaris, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 859.
Taxonomic history
[Although Myrma antedates Polyrhachis, the former has been treated as a subgenus of the latter since Forel, 1917: 251 (see Hung, 1967b: 396 for history). Dorow, Kohout & Taylor, 1997: 236 proposed the precedence of Polyrhachis over Myrma and that precedence was established by the ICZN (Opinion 1919) 1999: 92.]
Polyrhachis as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170.
Myrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 106; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702, 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; all subsequent authors, see note above.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMA)
Hoplomyrmus Gerstäcker, 1859: 262. Type-species: Hoplomyrmus schistaceus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Hoplomyrmus also described as new by Gerstäcker, 1862: 508.]
Hoplomyrmus as junior synonym of Polyrhachis: Roger, 1861b: 174; Roger, 1863b: 6; Mayr, 1863: 446; Dalla Torre, 1893: 257.
Hoplomyrmus as junior synonym of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; Bolton, 1973b: 288.
Pseudocyrtomyrma Emery, 1921e: 18 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis revoili, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocyrtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Emery, 1921e: 18; Emery, 1925b: 206.
Pseudocyrtomyrma as junior synonym of Myrma: Bolton, 1973b: 288.
Anoplomyrma Chapman, 1963: 258 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Anoplomyrma) parabiotica, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anoplomyrma as junior synonym of Myrma: Dorow, 1995: 30.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HEMIOPTICA)
Hemioptica Roger, 1862a: 238. Type-species: Hemioptica scissa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hemioptica in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 769 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae].
Hemioptica in Camponotinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 271.
Hemioptica in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; all subsequent authors except the following.
Hemioptica in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Hemioptica as junior synonym of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1878: 368.
Hemioptica as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
Hemioptica as genus: Roger, 1862a: 238; Mayr, 1862: 769; Mayr, 1865: 6; Dalla Torre, 1893: 271; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Emery, 1925b: 209; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 649; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 255.
Hemioptica as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Mayr, 1872: 138; Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 95; Bolton, 1995b: 31; Dorow, 1995: 29.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HAGIOMYRMA)
Hagiomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica ammon, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hagiomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 184; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HIRTOMYRMA)
Hirtomyrma Kohout, 2010: 199 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis hirta, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hirtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Kohout, 2010: 199.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CAMPOMYRMA)
Campomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911g: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis clypeata (junior synonym of Formica exercita), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Campomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 178; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMOTHRINAX)
Myrmothrinax Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis thrinax, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmothrinax as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 178; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMOTHRINAX)
Evelyna Donisthorpe, 1937c: 273 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Evelyna) cheesmanae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Evelyna as junior synonym of Myrmothrinax: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CYRTOMYRMA)
Cyrtomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica rastellata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cyrtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 207; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMHOPLA)
Myrmhopla Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica armata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmhopla as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 190; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMHOPLA)
Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935a: 115 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Cephalomyrma) stylifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cephalomyrma as junior synonym of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Florencea Donisthorpe, 1937a: 624 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Florencea) kirkae (junior synonym of Polyrhachis nigriceps), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Florencea as junior synonym of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CHARIOMYRMA)
Chariomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis guerini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Chariomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 185; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HEDOMYRMA)
Hedomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis ornata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hedomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 189; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (HEDOMYRMA)
Dolichorhachis Mann, 1919: 386 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Dolichorhachis) malaensis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dolichorhachis as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Mann, 1919: 386; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 188.
Dolichorhachis as junior synonym of Hedomyrma: Dorow, 1995: 26.
Morleyidris Donisthorpe, 1944c: 64 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Morleyidris) trina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Morleyidris as junior synonym of Hedomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMATOPA)
Myrmatopa Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis schang, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmatopa as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 180; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMATOPA)
Irenea Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Irenea) omyrmex, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Irenea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Irenea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502.
Irenea as genus: Donisthorpe, 1941h: 59; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Irenea as junior synonym of Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa): Bolton, 1994: 50; Dorow, 1995: 42.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (AULACOMYRMA)
Aulacomyrma Emery, 1921e: 17 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis porcata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Aulacomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Emery, 1921e: 17; Emery, 1925b: 197; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (AULACOMYRMA)
Johnia Karavaiev, 1927e: 43 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Johnia) schizospina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Johnia as junior synonym of Aulacomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Genus Polyrhachis references
Smith, F. 1858b: 58 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 6 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 422, 443 (Hemioptica, Polyrhachis catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 6 (Polyrhachis, Hemioptica diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 40, 41 (diagnosis, species groups (as "turmae")); Mayr, 1876: 68 (Australia species key); Forel, 1878: 368 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1879: 648 (species groups); André, 1887: 286 (Afrotropical species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 257, 271 (Polyrhachis, Hemioptica catalogues); Forel, 1893c: 17 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Emery, 1896d: 378 (catalogue); Emery, 1897d: 579, 582 (P. relucens & P. guerini groups, keys); Emery, 1898a: 227 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 383 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Santschi, 1910h: 284 (P. rastellata group, key); Viehmeyer, 1914b: 50, 54 (P. rastellata & P. hostilis groups, keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 256, 701, 992 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical catalogue); Arnold, 1924: 741 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1925b: 175 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 178 (P. (Campomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 180 (P. (Myrmatopa) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 181 (P. (Polyrhachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 182 (P. (Myrmothrinax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 184 (P. (Hagiomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 185 (P. (Chariomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 188 (P. (Dolichorhachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 189 (P. (Hedomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 190 (P. (Myrmhopla) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 197 (P. (Aulacomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 198 (P. (Myrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 206 (P. (Pseudocyrtomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 207 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 209 (Hemioptica diagnosis, catalogue); Donisthorpe, 1938c: 246 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) review); Santschi, 1939c: 13 (P. (Pseudocyrtomyrma) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186, 255, 256 (Asia Irenea, Hemioptica, Polyrhachis checklists); Hung, 1962: 24 (Taiwan species key); Hung, 1967b: 395 (review of subgenera); Hung, 1970: 5 (P. (Polyrhachis) species revision, key); Bolton, 1973b: 289 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Bolton, 1975c: 1 (P. sexspinosa group, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 131 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 59 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Kohout, 1987: 169 (Philippines P. sexspinosa group, key); Kohout, 1989: 515 (Australia P. relucens group, key); Kohout, 1990: 500 (P. viehmeyeri group, key); Kohout & Taylor, 1990: 509 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 45 (Japan species key); Wang C. & Wu, 1991: 596 (China species key); Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 96 (P. (Hemioptica) species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 342 (catalogue); Dorow, 1995: 9 (subgenera revision, subgenera key, catalogue); Dorow, 1995: 10-11 (P. (Myrmhopla) species groups, key; P. arachne-, P. cryptoceroides- P. flavoflagellata-, P. furcata- and P. hector species groups, keys); Dorow, 1995: 12 (P. (Aulacomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 13 (P. (Campomoyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 16 (P. (Chariomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 21 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 24 (P. (Hagiomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 26 (P. (Hedomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 28 (P. (Hemioptica) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 30 (P. (Myrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 42 (P. (Myrmatopa) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 45 (P. (Myrmhopla) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 61 (P. (Myrmothrinax) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 63 (P. (Polyrhachis) synopsis); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 159 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 107 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 190 (China, Guangxi species key); Xu, 2002b: 523 (China P. (Cyrtomyrma) species key; Bolton, 2003: 122 (synopsis); Karmaly, 2004: 542 (India species key); Kohout, 2006a: 146 (P. cryptoceroides group, key); Kohout, 2006b: 87 (P. Cyrtomyrma) of Australia, Borneo, New Guinea, Solomon Is, keys); Kohout, 2007a: 189 (P. Aulacomyrma) diagnosis, all species revision, key); Kohout, 2007c: 8 (P. (Campomyrma) Borneo, key); Kohout, 2008a: 255 (Sulawesi species, keys); Kohout, 2008b: 298 (P. vestita group key); Kohout, 2008d: 12 (flavoflagellata group key); Kohout, 2009: 40, 44 (modifications to Kohout 2006b key); Terayama, 2009: 218 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 106 (south-western Australia species key); Kohout, 2010: 169, 171, 200 (Australia subgenera key, Australia P. (Myrmhopla) species key, Australia P. (Hirtomyrma) species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 970 species, 142 subspecies
Fossil: 4 species
Pheidole Westwood, 1839: 219. Type-species: Atta providens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pheidole in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 172.
Pheidole in Attidae: Smith, F. 1860a: 74; Smith, F. 1862a: 49.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 331; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1861: 69 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 463 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 88.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 127; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 64; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Kempf, 1972a: 183 (anachronism).
Pheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Arnold, 1920a: 414; Emery, 1921f: 77; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors except Kempf, 1972a: 183, above.
Junior synonyms of PHEIDOLE
Oecophthora Heer, 1852: 15. Type-species: Oecophthora pusilla (junior synonym of Formica megacephala), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Oecophthora in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 453 [Myrmicidae].
Oecophthora as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 172; Roger, 1863b: 30.
Ischnomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 738. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 18 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Ischnomyrmex as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 461; Bingham, 1903: 270.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1891b: 166; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Forel, 1899c: 59; Emery, 1908c: 313; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1902h: 439; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 49.
Ischnomyrmex as genus: Mayr, 1862: 738; Emery, 1914a: 40; Viehmeyer, 1914d: 601; Forel, 1917: 241; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Emery, 1922e: 113. Stitz, 1911a: 367; Kusnezov, 1952b: 10 (in key).
Ischnomyrmex as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Leptomyrma Motschoulsky, 1863: 17. Type-species: Leptomyrma gracilipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Leptomyrma in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 329.
Leptomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1892b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Pheidolacanthinus Smith, F. 1865: 75. Type-species: Pheidolacanthinus armatus (junior synonym of Myrmica quadrispinosa), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pheidolacanthinus in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 333.
Pheidolacanthinus in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Pheidolacanthinus as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 81; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Pheidolacanthinus as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Ceratopheidole Pergande, 1896: 889 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) granulata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ceratopheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Ceratopheidole as genus: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 104 (anachronism).
Ceratopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Pergande, 1896: 889; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
Ceratopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Epipheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1903f: 664. Type-species: Epipheidole inquilina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Epipheidole also described as new by Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 14.]
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 114; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Creighton, 1950a: 192.
Epipheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Cole, 1965: 174; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Phidole Bingham, 1903: 220, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
Taxonomic history
Phidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Wheeler, 1922a: 806.
Sympheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 7. Type-species: Sympheidole elecebra, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 115; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors to the following.
Sympheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Phidola Schulz, W.A. 1906: 155, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
Taxonomic history
Phidola as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.
Allopheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole kingi (junior synonym of Pheidole tepicana), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.
Taxonomic history
Allopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1912f: 237; Forel, 1917: 241.
Allopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Emery, 1921f: 84; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Decapheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole perpusilla, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
Decapheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661.
Decapheidole as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Borgmeier, 1927c: 78.
Decapheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1912f: 237, Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
Decapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Isopheidole Forel, 1912m: 765 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Isopheidole as junior synonym of Ischnomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1913k: 49; Emery, 1922e: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680 (in key). [Ischnomyrmex and Isopheidole share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Elasmopheidole Forel, 1913k: 43 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole aberrans, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1915i: 190.
Taxonomic history
Elasmopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 43; Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 110; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Elasmopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Cardiopheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole vaslitii, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cardiopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48; Forel, 1917: 241.
Cardiopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Emery, 1921f: 84; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Anergatides Wasmann, 1915b: 281. Type-species: Anergatides kohli (junior secondary homonym in Pheidole, replaced by Pheidole neokohli), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anergatides in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 243 [subtribe Anergatini]; Emery, 1922e: 116 [subtribe Anergatidini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 623.
Anergatides in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism).
Anergatides as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 328; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Parapheidole Emery, 1915d: 68. Type-species: Aphaenogaster oculata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Parapheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 115; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Parapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Macropheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole fimbriata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Macropheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 81; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Macropheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 800; Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Scrobopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole scrobifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Scrobopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Scrobopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Stegopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Elasmopheidole) upeneci, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Stegopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1921f: 83; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Stegopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Trachypheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole bicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Trachypheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Trachypheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Electropheidole Mann, 1921: 438 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Electropheidole) roosevelti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 642.
Taxonomic history
Electropheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Mann, 1921: 438; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 672; all subsequent authors to the following.
Electropheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Bruchomyrma Santschi, 1922d: 248. Type-species: Bruchomyrma acutidens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bruchomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Bruchomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 42.
Bruchomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 327; Bolton, 1994: 106; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Bruchomyrma as genus: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Cephalomorium Forel, 1922: 91 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Cephalomorium) bahai, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cephalomorium as junior synonym of Hendecapheidole: Santschi, 1925d: 228.
Hendecapheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1922d: 3 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole tachigaliae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hendecapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Gallardomyrma Bruch, 1932: 271. Type-species: Gallardomyrma argentina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Gallardomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646.
Gallardomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 110.
Gallardomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 327; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Gallardomyrma as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 110; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Conothoracoides Strand, 1935: 176.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Conothorax Karavaiev; junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
Conothoracoides as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Homonym replaced by Conothoracoides
Conothorax Karavaiev, 1935a: 75. Type-species: Conothorax bilobum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Conothorax Karavaiev junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
Conothorax in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Karavaiev, 1935a: 75.
Eriopheidole Kusnezov, 1952a: 10. Type-species: Eriopheidole symbiotica (unresolved junior secondary homonym in Pheidole), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eriopheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Kusnezov, 1952a: 10.
Eriopheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 107.
Eriopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Eriopheidole as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 107; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Xenoaphaenogaster Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 50. Type-species: Xenoaphaenogaster inquilina (junior synonym of Myrmica pallidula), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Xenoaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Monomorium: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional].
Xenoaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Pheidole: Bolton, 1987: 291.
Genus Pheidole references
Smith, F. 1858b: 172 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 70 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 27, 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424, 440 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 18, 22 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 92, 96 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1870b: 977, 979 (Australia & New World species keys); Mayr, 1876: 102 (Australia species key); André, 1883b: 382 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1879: 674 (Asia species key); Mayr, 1887: 582 (New World species key); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A., catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 75 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 88, 98 (Pheidole, Pheidolacanthinus catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 288 (North America species key); Mayr, 1896: 241 (Africa species, partial key); Emery, 1896g: 80 (P. flavens group, key); Forel, 1902c: 165 (India species key); Forel, 1902f: 523 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 223 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 133 (Puerto Rico species key); Arnold, 1920a: 414 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1921f: 78 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 81 (P. (Macropheidole) & P. (Pheidolacanthinus) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1921f: 83 (P. (Stegopheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Mann, 1921: 442 (Fiji Is species key); Emery, 1922e: 110 (P. (Elasmopheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 111 (P. (Trachypheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 112 (P. (Scrobopheidole), P. (Decapheidole) & P. (Ceratopheidole) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 113 (Ischnomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 114 (Epipheidole diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 115 (Sympheidole, Parapheidole diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 116 (Anergatides diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 126, 672 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 806, 879 (Afrotropical Pheidole, Anergatides catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1017, 1021 (Malagasy Pheidole, Parapheidole catalogues); Gallardo, 1932c: 179 (Argentina Elasmopheidole species key); Finzi, 1936: 165 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 298 (Himalaya species key); Cole, 1942: 362 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 285 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 163 (North America species key); Creighton, 1950a: 192, 194 (North America Epipheidole, Sympheidole species); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135, 137 (Asia Ceratopheidole, Conothorax, Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole checklists); Kusnezov, 1952b: 61 (Argentina species key); Smith, M.R. 1955c: 302 (P. (Hendecapheidole) species key); Gregg, 1959: 9 (U.S.A. species key); Gregg, 1963: 407 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 126 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 149 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Gregg, 1969: 95 (addition to Gregg, 1959 U.S.A. key); Kempf, 1972a: 183 (Neotropical catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 11 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 441 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Ogata, 1982: 191 (Japan species key); Collingwood, 1985: 253 (Saudi Arabia species key); Naves, 1985: 54 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 74 (Australia catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 41 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 53 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 271 (Balkans species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 123 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 368 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 22 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 345 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 316 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 99 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 322 (Saudi Arabia species key); Park & Kim, 2000: 109 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 152 (Australia synopsis); Eguchi, 1999: 103 (Borneo P. longipes group, key); Ward, 2000: 96 (U.S.A. P. hyatti complex, key); Zhou, 2001b: 121 (China, Guangxi species key); Eguchi, 2001b: 10 (Borneo species key); ; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 149 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key)Wilson, 2003: 27 (New World, all species revision, keys); Sarnat, 2008: 8 (Fiji Is P. roosevelti group, key); Eguchi, 2008: 8 (North Vietnam species key); Terayama, 2009: 171 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 169 (south-western Australia species key); Sarnat & Moreau, 2011: 114 (P. roosevelti group phylogeny and radiation).
Genera incertae sedis in Pheidolini
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Acanthomyrmex careoscrobis TRUE TRUE FALSEcareoscrobis. Acanthomyrmex careoscrobis Moffett, 1986c: 78, figs. 39A, 40-43 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Acanthomyrmex concavus TRUE TRUE FALSEconcavus. Acanthomyrmex concavus Moffett, 1986c: 80, figs, 39B-C, 44-47 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Acanthomyrmex dusun TRUE TRUE FALSEdusun. Acanthomyrmex dusun Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 89 (s.) BORNEO. See also: Moffett, 1986c: 70.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Acanthomyrmex foveolatus TRUE TRUE FALSEfoveolatus. Acanthomyrmex foveolatus Moffett, 1986c: 82, figs. 39D, 48-50 (s.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Lasiini Acropyga hystrix TRUE TRUE FALSEhystrix. Acropyga hystrix LaPolla, 2004a: 63, figs. 25, 41, 46 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus cornutus TRUE TRUE FALSEcornutus. Aenictus cornutus Forel, 1900b: 75 (w.) BORNEO. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 457.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus gracilis TRUE TRUE FALSEgracilis. Aenictus gracilis Emery, 1893e: 187, pl. 8, fig. 1 (w.) BORNEO. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1990a: 460 (l.). Senior synonym of boelianensis, elongatus, martini: Wilson, 1964a: 463.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus inflatus TRUE TRUE FALSEinflatus. Aenictus inflatus Yamane & Hashimoto, 1999: 428, fig. 1 (w.) BORNEO.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus laeviceps TRUE TRUE FALSElaeviceps. Typhlatta laeviceps Smith, F. 1857a: 79 (w.) BORNEO. Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 200 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 265 (l.). Combination in Aenictus: Forel, 1890b: ciii. Senior synonym of breviceps, smythiesii, sundaica: Wilson, 1964a: 467.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus pfeifferi TRUE TRUE FALSEpfeifferi. Aenictus pfeifferi Zettel & Sorger, 2010b: 116, figs. 1-4, 13 (w.) BORNEO.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus punctiventris TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
punctiventris. Aenictus punctiventris Emery, 1901d: 47 (m.) BORNEO. Current subspecies: nominal plus scutellaris.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Anillomyrma tridens TRUE TRUE FALSEtridens. Anillomyrma tridens Bolton, 1987: 274, figs. 1, 4 (w.) BORNEO. See also: Eguchi, Bui, et al. 2009: 36.
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus agilis TRUE TRUE FALSEagilis. Anochetus agilis Emery, 1901a: 52 (w.) BORNEO. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 116 (q.). See also: Brown, 1978c: 578.
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus modicus TRUE TRUE FALSEmodicus. Anochetus modicus Brown, 1978c: 582 (w.q.m.) BORNEO. Imai, Kubota, et al. 1985: 47 (k.).
Leptanillinae Anomalomyrmini Anomalomyrma taylori TRUE TRUE FALSEtaylori. Anomalomyrma taylori Bolton, 1990b: 279, fig. 7 (q.) BORNEO. See also: Borowiec, et al. 2011: 8.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Bregmatomyrma carnosa TRUE TRUE FALSEcarnosa. Bregmatomyrma carnosa Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 4, fig. 2 (q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Calyptomyrmex asper TRUE TRUE FALSEasper. Calyptomyrmex asper Shattuck, 2011a: 4, figs. 2, 18 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Calyptomyrmex danum TRUE TRUE FALSEdanum. Calyptomyrmex danum Shattuck, 2011a: 9, figs. 5, 18 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Calyptomyrmex retrostriatus TRUE TRUE FALSEretrostriatus. Calyptomyrmex retrostriatus Shattuck, 2011a: 19, fig. 13 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Calyptomyrmex ryderae TRUE TRUE FALSEryderae. Calyptomyrmex ryderae Shattuck, 2011a: 20, figs. 14, 18 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Calyptomyrmex sabahensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsabahensis. Calyptomyrmex sabahensis Shattuck, 2011a: 21, fig. 15 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus anguliceps TRUE TRUE FALSEanguliceps. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) anguliceps Stitz, 1938: 113 (q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus clerodendri TRUE TRUE FALSEclerodendri. Colobopsis clerodendri Emery, 1887a: 241, fig. (s.w.) BORNEO. Combination in Camponotus (Colobopsis): Emery, 1889b: 517; Forel, 1912i: 90.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus contractus TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
contractus. Camponotus contractus Mayr, 1872: 137 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Myrmomalis): Forel, 1914a: 271; in C. (Myrmoplatys): Emery, 1920b: 256. Current subspecies: nominal plus buttesi, scortechinii.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus cylindricus TRUE TRUE FALSEcylindricus. Formica cylindrica Fabricius, 1798: 280 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in Colobopsis: Mayr, 1862: 691; in Camponotus (Colobopsis): Emery, 1889b: 517. Senior synonym of doriae: Emery, 1917a: 97.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus dolichoderoides TRUE TRUE FALSEdolichoderoides. Camponotus dolichoderoides Forel, 1911a: 51 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1914a: 273; in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Karavaievia): Emery, 1925b: 116. See also: Dumpert, 1985: 568.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus dracocephalus TRUE TRUE FALSEdracocephalus. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) dracocephalus Stitz, 1938: 112, fig. 10 (q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus festinus TRUE TRUE FALSE5 subspecies
festinus. Formica festina Smith, F. 1857a: 53 (q.) BORNEO. Emery, 1887a: 216 (w.); Emery, 1900d: 701 (s.); Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 68 (k.). Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1913k: 128; in C. (Dinomyrmex): Santschi, 1921f: 312; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 90. Current subspecies: nominal plus cetegus, diligens, eximius, inezae, simaluranus.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus hosei TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
hosei. Camponotus hosei Forel, 1911a: 55 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Colobopsis): Forel, 1914a: 272. Current subspecies: nominal plus mimus.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus hypoclineoides TRUE TRUE FALSEhypoclineoides. Camponotus (Myrmosphincta) hypoclineoides Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 112 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 140; in C. (Myrmotemnus): Santschi, 1926c: 601.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus inconspicuus TRUE TRUE FALSEinconspicuus. Camponotus inconspicuus Mayr, 1872: 136 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 93. Junior synonym of irritans: Mayr, 1879: 646. Revived from synonymy: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 444; Donisthorpe, 1943b: 204.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus irritabilis TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
irritabilis. Formica irritabilis Smith, F. 1857a: 56 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Myrmotarsus): Forel, 1912i: 92. Current subspecies: nominal plus winkleri.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus macarangae TRUE TRUE FALSEmacarangae. Camponotus macarangae Dumpert, 1996: 38, fig. 5 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus maschwitzi TRUE TRUE FALSEmaschwitzi. Camponotus (Karavaievia) maschwitzi Dumpert, in Dumpert, Maschwitz & Weissflog, 2006: 73, figs. 10 – 13 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus megalonyx TRUE TRUE FALSEmegalonyx. Camponotus (Myrmosphincta) megalonyx Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 114 (s.w.) BORNEO. Stärcke, 1934: 24 (q.m.). Combination in C. (Myrmopalpella): Stärcke, 1934: 30. Senior synonym of chalaconotus: Stärcke, 1934: 29 (provisional); Wheeler, W.M. 1936e: 217.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus misturus TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
misturus. Formica mistura Smith, F. 1857a: 53 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Myrmotarsus): Forel, 1912i: 92. Senior synonym of exasperata: Mayr, 1886c: 354. Current subspecies: nominal plus fornaronis.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus pressipes TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
pressipes. Camponotus pressipes Emery, 1893g: 268 (footnote) (q.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Myrmotarsus): Forel, 1912i: 92. Current subspecies: nominal plus errans.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus satan TRUE TRUE FALSEsatan. Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) satan Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 146 (q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus schmitzi TRUE TRUE FALSEschmitzi. Camponotus (Colobopsis) schmitzi Stärcke, 1933a: 29, figs. 1-6 (s.w.q.l.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus sedulus TRUE TRUE FALSEsedulus. Formica sedula Smith, F. 1857a: 56 (w.) BORNEO. Mayr, 1872: 137 (q.). Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Myrmotarsus): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 110. Junior synonym of irritabilis: Mayr, 1879: 648; Dalla Torre, 1893: 236. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of irritabilis: Forel, 1911a: 51; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 110; Emery, 1925b: 135. Revived status as species: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 444.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus setitibia TRUE TRUE FALSEsetitibia. Camponotus maculatus r. setitibia Forel, 1901h: 68 (s.w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 95. Raised to species: Emery, 1920c: 8.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus severini TRUE TRUE FALSEseverini. Camponotus (Colobopsis) severini Forel, 1909b: 55 (s.w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus smithianus TRUE TRUE FALSEsmithianus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) smithianus Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 119 (s.w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus sucki TRUE TRUE FALSEsucki. Camponotus sucki Forel, 1901h: 71 (s.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 102.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus tenuipes TRUE TRUE FALSEtenuipes. Formica tenuipes Smith, F. 1857a: 57 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Donisthorpe, 1932c: 444.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus vigilans TRUE TRUE FALSEvigilans. Formica vigilans Smith, F. 1858b: 26 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Colobopsis): Mayr, 1886c: 354; in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 272; subgenus indeterminate: Emery, 1925b: 172.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus irritabilis winkleri TRUE TRUE FALSEwinkleri. Camponotus irritabilis var. winkleri Forel, 1911a: 51 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Myrmotarsus): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 110.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus variegatus stenonotus TRUE TRUE FALSEstenonotus. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) variegatus r. stenonota Stitz, 1938: 114 (q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus barbatus samarus TRUE TRUE FALSEsamarus. Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) barbatus var. samarus Santschi, 1932b: 19, fig. 4 (q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus singularis rufomaculatus TRUE TRUE FALSErufomaculatus. Camponotus (Myrmosaulus) singularis var. rufomaculatus Donisthorpe, 1941j: 208 (s.w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus gigas borneensis TRUE TRUE FALSEborneensis. Camponotus gigas var. borneensis Emery, 1887a: 214 (w.q.m.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Dinomyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 70. Currently subspecies of gigas: Emery, 1893e: 195.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus irritans inferior TRUE TRUE FALSEinferior. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) irritans var. inferior Emery, 1925b: 93 (w.q.) BORNEO. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus subsp. irritans var. inferior Forel, 1911a: 48; unavailable name.] See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1937a: 24.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus bellus leucodiscus TRUE TRUE FALSEleucodiscus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) leucodiscus Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 117 (q.) BORNEO. Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 118 (footnote) (s.w.). Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 138. Currently subspecies of bellus: Emery, 1925b: 138.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus hosei mimus TRUE TRUE FALSEmimus. Camponotus hosei subsp. mimus Forel, 1911a: 56 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Colobopsis): Emery, 1925b: 148.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla nana TRUE TRUE FALSEnana. Cardiocondyla nana Seifert, 2003a: 276, fig. 54 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Cataulacini Cataulacus horridus TRUE TRUE FALSEhorridus. Cataulacus horridus Smith, F. 1857a: 81, pl. 2, fig. 3 (w.) BORNEO. Crawley, 1924: 401 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1954b: 151 (l.). Senior synonym of insularis: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 93; Bolton, 1974a: 84. [Bolton gave priority to insularis but priority should rightly be given to horridus, on first reviser principle based on Wheeler's attribution: Bolton, 1995b: 138.]
Myrmicinae Cataulacini Cataulacus plebeius TRUE TRUE TRUE†plebeius. †Cataulacus plebeius De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 2004: 248, pl. 1, figs. B, C, E. BORNEO AMBER.
Myrmicinae Cataulacini Cataulacus praetextus TRUE TRUE FALSEpraetextus. Cataulacus praetextus Smith, F. 1867: 528, fig. 5 (w.) BORNEO. Bolton, 1974a: 81 (q.m.). Senior synonym of sumatrensis: Bolton, 1974a: 80.
Myrmicinae Cataulacini Cataulacus reticulatus TRUE TRUE FALSEreticulatus. Cataulacus reticulatus Smith, F. 1857a: 81, pl. 2, fig. 8 (w.) BORNEO. Junior synonym of granulatus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 138; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 92. Revived status as species: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 451. Senior synonym of minor: Bolton, 1974a: 82.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys antennatus TRUE TRUE FALSEantennatus. Cerapachys antennatus Smith, F. 1857a: 74 (w.) BORNEO. Emery, 1887b: 445 (q.); Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 140 (m.). Type-material redescribed: Crawley, 1926: 387. See also: Donisthorpe, 1941j: 199. Senior synonym of wheeleri: Brown, 1975: 22.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys bryanti TRUE TRUE FALSEbryanti. Cerapachys bryanti Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 47 (w.) BORNEO.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys dohertyi TRUE TRUE FALSEdohertyi. Cerapachys dohertyi Emery, 1902c: 25 (w.) BORNEO. Senior synonym of parvula: Wilson, 1959b: 57.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys doryloides TRUE TRUE FALSEdoryloides. Cerapachys doryloides Borowiec, 2009: 46, figs. 1, 2, 13 (w.) BORNEO.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys hewitti TRUE TRUE FALSEhewitti. Phyracaces hewitti Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 48 (w.q.) BORNEO. Combination in Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 22.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys kodecorum TRUE TRUE FALSEkodecorum. Cerapachys kodecorum Brown, 1975: 70, figs. 74-78 (w.) BORNEO.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys paradoxus TRUE TRUE FALSEparadoxus. Cerapachys paradoxus Borowiec, 2009: 51, figs. 6-8, 14 (w.) BORNEO.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys pubescens TRUE TRUE FALSEpubescens. Phyracaces pubescens Emery, 1902c: 26 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 23.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Chimaeridris burckhardti TRUE TRUE FALSEburckhardti. Chimaeridris burckhardti Wilson, 1989: 66, fig. 2 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Lasiini Cladomyrma andrei TRUE TRUE FALSEandrei. Dimorphomyrmex andrei Emery, 1894b: 73, fig. (q.) BORNEO. Combination in Aphomomyrmex: Emery, 1899e: 494; in Cladomyrma: Emery, 1925b: 45. Senior synonym of cryptata: Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 7.
Formicinae Lasiini Cladomyrma aurochaetae TRUE TRUE FALSEaurochaetae. Cladomyrma aurochaetae Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 16, figs. 19, 31 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Lasiini Cladomyrma crypteroniae TRUE TRUE FALSEcrypteroniae. Cladomyrma crypteroniae Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 17, figs. 20, 32 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Lasiini Cladomyrma dianeae TRUE TRUE FALSEdianeae. Cladomyrma dianeae Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 18, figs. 21, 33 (s.w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Lasiini Cladomyrma hewitti TRUE TRUE FALSEhewitti. Aphomomyrmex hewitti Wheeler, W.M. 1910c: 132, fig. 1 (s.q.) BORNEO. Combination in Cladomyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 20 (w.). Junior synonym of andrei: Agosti, 1991: 303. Revived from synonymy: Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 20.
Formicinae Lasiini Cladomyrma hobbyi TRUE TRUE FALSEhobbyi. Cladomyrma hobbyi Donisthorpe, 1937a: 620, figs. 3, 4 (q.) BORNEO. Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 10 (s.w.m.). Junior synonym of andrei: Agosti, 1991: 303. Revived from synonymy: Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 10.
Formicinae Lasiini Cladomyrma maryatiae TRUE TRUE FALSEmaryatiae. Cladomyrma maryatiae Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 21, figs. 9, 11, 23, 35 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Lasiini Cladomyrma yongi TRUE TRUE FALSEyongi. Cladomyrma yongi Agosti, Moog & Maschwitz, 1999: 15, figs. 16, 28 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster angulosa TRUE TRUE FALSEangulosa. Crematogaster angulosa André, 1896b: 264 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Decacrema): Forel, 1911a: 32.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster biformis TRUE TRUE FALSEbiformis. Crematogaster biformis André, 1892b: 53 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Decacrema): Forel, 1911a: 32.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster borneensis TRUE TRUE FALSE8 subspecies
borneensis. Crematogaster borneensis André, 1896b: 263 (w.) BORNEO. Forel, 1911d: 386 (m.). Combination in C. (Decacrema): Forel, 1910a: 18. Current subspecies: nominal plus capax, harpyia, hosei, insulsa, macarangae, novem, sembilana, symbia.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster brunnea TRUE TRUE FALSE7 subspecies
brunnea. Crematogaster brunneus Smith, F. 1857a: 75 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 149; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166. Current subspecies: nominal plus contemta, latipetiolata, nicevillei, nilgirica, rabula, ruginota, sundaica.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster captiosa TRUE TRUE FALSEcaptiosa. Crematogaster (Decacrema) captiosa Forel, 1911a: 37 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster cephalotes TRUE TRUE FALSEcephalotes. Crematogaster cephalotes Smith, F. 1857a: 75 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Decacrema): Donisthorpe, 1932c: 450.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster coriaria TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
coriaria. Crematogaster coriaria Mayr, 1872: 154 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Paracrema): Emery, 1922e: 155. Current subspecies: nominal plus fraudatrix.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster daisyi TRUE TRUE FALSEdaisyi. Crematogaster (Oxygyne) daisyi Forel, 1901e: 376 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster decamera TRUE TRUE FALSEdecamera. Crematogaster (Decacrema) decamera Forel, 1910a: 18 (footnote) (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster fraxatrix TRUE TRUE FALSEfraxatrix. Crematogaster fraxatrix Forel, 1911a: 28 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 151; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster innocens TRUE TRUE FALSEinnocens. Crematogaster innocens Forel, 1911a: 30 (w.q.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 151; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster macracantha TRUE TRUE FALSEmacracantha. Crematogaster (Rhachiocrema) macracantha Creighton, 1945: 114, pl. 12, figs. 4, 5 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster masukoi TRUE TRUE FALSEmasukoi. Crematogaster (Orthocrema) masukoi Hosoishi, Yamane & Ogata, 2010b: 347, figs. 1-3, 5 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster myops TRUE TRUE FALSEmyops. Crematogaster myops Forel, 1911a: 31 (w.q.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Orthocrema): Santschi, 1918d: 182. See also: Hosoishi, Yamane & Ogata, 2010b: 347.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster obscura TRUE TRUE FALSEobscura. Crematogaster obscurus Smith, F. 1857a: 76 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 151; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 450; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster sewardi TRUE TRUE FALSEsewardi. Crematogaster deformis r. sewardi Forel, 1901h: 64 (w.q.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Physocrema): Emery, 1922e: 140. Raised to species: Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009a: 7. See also: Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009b: 28.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster subcircularis TRUE TRUE FALSEsubcircularis. Crematogaster subcircularis Mayr, 1879: 685 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 152; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster tanakai TRUE TRUE FALSEtanakai. Crematogaster (Physocrema) tanakai Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009b: 29, figs. 18, 30 (w.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster borneensis symbia TRUE TRUE FALSEsymbia. Crematogaster (Decacrema) borneensis subsp. symbia Forel, 1911a: 34 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster egidyi spinozai TRUE TRUE FALSEspinozai. Crematogaster egidyi subsp. spinozai Forel, 1911a: 25 (q.w.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 151.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster rogenhoferi fictrix TRUE TRUE FALSEfictrix. Crematogaster rogenhoferi var. fictrix Forel, 1911a: 27 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster borneensis capax TRUE TRUE FALSEcapax. Crematogaster (Decacrema) borneensis subsp. capax Forel, 1911a: 37 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster borneensis harpyia TRUE TRUE FALSEharpyia. Crematogaster (Decacrema) borneensis var. harpyia Forel, 1911a: 33 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster borneensis hosei TRUE TRUE FALSEhosei. Crematogaster (Decacrema) borneensis subsp. hosei Forel, 1911a: 35 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster borneensis insulsa TRUE TRUE FALSEinsulsa. Crematogaster (Decacrema) borneensis var. insulsa Forel, 1911a: 33 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster borneensis novem TRUE TRUE FALSEnovem. Crematogaster (Decacrema) borneensis subsp. novem Forel, 1911a: 35 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Dacetinops cirrosus TRUE TRUE FALSEcirrosus. Dacetinops cirrosus Taylor, 1985: 56, figs. 1, 16-18 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Dacetinops concinnus TRUE TRUE FALSEconcinnus. Dacetinops concinna Taylor, 1965: 1, figs. 1-2 (w.) BORNEO. Taylor, 1985: 60 (q.m.); Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 68 (k.).
Myrmicinae Stenammini Dacetinops solivagus TRUE TRUE FALSEsolivagus. Dacetinops solivagus Taylor, 1985: 63, figs. 28-30 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Dacetinops wilsoni TRUE TRUE FALSEwilsoni. Dacetinops wilsoni Taylor, 1985: 64, figs. 7-9, 31-33 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma intricatum TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
intricatum. Ponera intricata Smith, F. 1857a: 67 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1862: 718. Current subspecies: nominal plus kershawi.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma rugosum TRUE TRUE FALSE19 subspecies
rugosum. Ponera rugosa Le Guillou, 1842: 318 (w.) BORNEO. Ogata, 1987: 111 (m.). Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1862: 718. Senior synonym of versicolor: Roger, 1863b: 16; Emery, 1897b: 153; of frontalis, geminatum, geometrica, japensis, papuanum, saussurei, sculpturata, smithi, striata, vagans (and its junior synonym indica), and material of the unavailable names divergens, macreta, pulchellum referred here: Wilson, 1958d: 368. Current subspecies: nominal plus anceps, arcuatum, balinense, birmanum, celebense, doveri, gibbosum, hortense, javanum, jerdoni, latispinum, lombokense, longiceps, ovale, rothneyi, sculptum, sikkimense, timorense, viridipurpureum.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma intricatum kershawi TRUE TRUE FALSEkershawi. Diacamma intricatum subsp. kershawi Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 53 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Dilobocondyla borneensis TRUE TRUE FALSEborneensis. Dilobocondyla borneensis Wheeler, W.M. 1916b: 12, fig. 2 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus coniger TRUE TRUE FALSEconiger. Hypoclinea conigera Mayr, 1870b: 956 (diagnosis in key) (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Dolichoderus: Emery, 1887a: 256; in D. (Hypoclinea): Emery, 1894c: 229; in D. (Diabolus): Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68. See also: Dill, 2002: 33.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus cuspidatus TRUE TRUE FALSEcuspidatus. Polyrhachis cuspidatus Smith, F. 1857a: 63 (w.) BORNEO. Forel, 1913k: 88 (m.); Dill, 2002: 35 (q.). Combination in Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1870b: 955 (in key); in Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 382; in D. (Hypoclinea): Emery, 1894c: 229; in D. (Diabolus): Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68. Senior synonym of surbecki (and its junior synonym bifurcatus): Chapman & Capco, 1951: 181; of atra, tenuispina: Dill, 2002: 35. See also: Shattuck, 1994: 47.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus kinabaluensis TRUE TRUE FALSEkinabaluensis. Dolichoderus kinabaluensis Dill, 2002: 53, figs. III-16, III-24, III-30, III-65 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus magnipastor TRUE TRUE FALSEmagnipastor. Dolichoderus magnipastor Dill, 2002: 55, figs. III-17, III-66 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus maschwitzi TRUE TRUE FALSEmaschwitzi. Dolichoderus maschwitzi Dill, 2002: 52, figs. III-15, III-23, III-29, III-64 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus pastorulus TRUE TRUE FALSEpastorulus. Dolichoderus pastorulus Dill, 2002: 50, figs. III-14, III-22, III-28, III-61 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus patens TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
patens. Hypoclinea patens Mayr, 1870b: 957 (diagnosis in key) (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea): Emery, 1887a: 254. Current subspecies: nominal plus pubiventris.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus pilinomas TRUE TRUE FALSEpilinomas. Dolichoderus pilinomas Dill, 2002: 56, figs. III-18, III-25, III-31 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus semirugosus TRUE TRUE FALSEsemirugosus. Hypoclinea semirugosa Mayr, 1870b: 956 (diagnosis in key) (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Dolichoderus: Emery, 1887a: 254; Shattuck, 1992c: 77.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus sulcaticeps TRUE TRUE FALSEsulcaticeps. Hypoclinea sulcaticeps Mayr, 1870b: 957 (diagnosis in key) (w.) BORNEO. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 141 (q.m.); Karavaiev, 1926d: 428 (q.m.). Combination in Dolichoderus: Emery, 1887a: 254; in D. (Hypoclinea): Emery, 1894c: 229. See also: Bingham, 1903: 293. Senior synonym of nigriventris: Dill, 2002: 60.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus thoracicus TRUE TRUE FALSE5 subspecies
thoracicus. Tapinoma thoracica Smith, F. 1860a: 69 (w.) INDONESIA (Sulawesi). Combination in Dolichoderus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 162; in D. (Hypoclinea): Emery, 1913a: 14. Senior synonym of bituberculatus (and its junior synonym sellaris): Donisthorpe, 1932c: 457; Shattuck, 1994: 70. Current subspecies: nominal plus bilikanus, borneonensis, lacciperdus, levior, nasutus, rufescens (unresolved junior homonym). See also: Shattuck, 1994: 70.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus indrapurensis nigrogaster TRUE TRUE FALSEnigrogaster. Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) indrapurensis var. nigrogaster Viehmeyer, 1922: 214 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus thoracicus borneonensis TRUE TRUE FALSEborneonensis. Hypoclinea sellaris var. borneonensis Roger, 1863a: 214 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 77. Subspecies of bituberculatus: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 97. Currently subspecies of thoracicus: Shattuck, 1992c: 77.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus taprobanae borneensis TRUE TRUE FALSEborneensis. Dolichoderus taprobanae var. borneensis Forel, 1911a: 46 (w.) BORNEO. Subspecies of bituberculatus: Santschi, 1928h: 131. Currently subspecies of taprobanae: Shattuck, 1994: 68.
Dorylinae Dorylini Dorylus laevigatus TRUE TRUE FALSElaevigatus. Typhlopone laevigata Smith, F. 1857a: 70 (w.) BORNEO. Forel, 1901a: 464 (q.m.). Combination in Dorylus (Dichthadia): Emery, 1895j: 729. Senior synonym of breviceps: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12; Emery, 1895j: 729; of klugi, glaberrima: Forel, 1901a: 464. See also: Emery, 1895k: 453; Bingham, 1903: 3; Wilson, 1964a: 440.
Formicinae Camponotini Echinopla densistriata TRUE TRUE FALSEdensistriata. Echinopla densistriata Stitz, 1938: 110, fig. 7 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Echinopla pallipes TRUE TRUE FALSEpallipes. Echinopla pallipes Smith, F. 1857a: 80 (w.) BORNEO. Forel, 1913k: 133 (q.). [Misspelled as pallidipes by Dalla Torre, 1893: 272; Emery, 1925b: 211.]
Formicinae Camponotini Echinopla rugosa TRUE TRUE FALSErugosa. Echinopla rugosa André, 1892b: 47 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Euprenolepis echinata TRUE TRUE FALSEechinata. Euprenolepis echinata LaPolla, 2009: 6, figs. 3A-D (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Euprenolepis maschwitzi TRUE TRUE FALSEmaschwitzi. Euprenolepis maschwitzi LaPolla, 2009: 8, figs. 4A-D (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Euprenolepis thrix TRUE TRUE FALSEthrix. Euprenolepis thrix LaPolla, 2009: 17, figs. 10A-D (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Euprenolepis variegata TRUE TRUE FALSEvariegata. Euprenolepis variegata LaPolla, 2009: 17, figs. 11A-D (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Euprenolepis zeta TRUE TRUE FALSEzeta. Euprenolepis zeta LaPolla, 2009: 24, figs. 14A-D (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Basicerotini Eurhopalothrix browni TRUE TRUE FALSEbrowni. Eurhopalothrix browni Taylor, 1990b: 404, figs. 2-4, 44 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Basicerotini Eurhopalothrix coronata TRUE TRUE FALSEcoronata. Eurhopalothrix coronata Taylor, 1990b: 407, figs. 8-12, 46 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Basicerotini Eurhopalothrix dubia TRUE TRUE FALSEdubia. Eurhopalothrix dubia Taylor, 1990b: 409, figs. 13-15, 47 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Basicerotini Eurhopalothrix elke TRUE TRUE FALSEelke. Eurhopalothrix elke Mezger & Pfeiffer, 2010: 136, figs. 2, 6, 10, 14 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Basicerotini Eurhopalothrix jennya TRUE TRUE FALSEjennya. Eurhopalothrix jennya Taylor, 1990b: 413, figs. 16-18, 48 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Basicerotini Eurhopalothrix rothschildi TRUE TRUE FALSErothschildi. Eurhopalothrix rothschildi Taylor, 1990b: 418, figs. 38-40, 54 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Basicerotini Eurhopalothrix seguensis TRUE TRUE FALSEseguensis. Eurhopalothrix seguensis Taylor, 1990b: 421, figs. 34, 41-43, 55 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Gesomyrmecini Gesomyrmex chaperi TRUE TRUE FALSEchaperi. Gesomyrmex chaperi André, 1892b: 47, fig. 1-3 (w.) BORNEO. Senior synonym of janeti: Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 10.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys biloba TRUE TRUE FALSEbiloba. Gnamptogenys biloba Lattke, 2004: 185, figs. 49b, 50 (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys fontana TRUE TRUE FALSEfontana. Gnamptogenys fontana Lattke, 2004: 108, fig. 22 (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys gabata TRUE TRUE FALSEgabata. Gnamptogenys gabata Lattke, 2004: 111, fig. 23 (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys helisa TRUE TRUE FALSEhelisa. Gnamptogenys helisa Lattke, 2004: 119, fig. 26 (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys lacunosa TRUE TRUE FALSElacunosa. Gnamptogenys lacunosa Lattke, 2004: 198, figs. 47c, 48a, 55 (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys leiolabia TRUE TRUE FALSEleiolabia. Gnamptogenys leiolabia Lattke, 2004: 206, fig. 56 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys palamala TRUE TRUE FALSEpalamala. Gnamptogenys palamala Lattke, 2004: 141, fig. 32 (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys pertusa TRUE TRUE FALSEpertusa. Gnamptogenys pertusa Lattke, 2004: 209, figs. 48c, 58a,b (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys rugodens TRUE TRUE FALSErugodens. Gnamptogenys rugodens Lattke, 2004: 214, fig. 60 (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys scalpta TRUE TRUE FALSEscalpta. Gnamptogenys scalpta Lattke, 2004: 149, fig. 35 (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys sila TRUE TRUE FALSEsila. Gnamptogenys sila Lattke, 2004: 177, fig. 44 (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys toronates TRUE TRUE FALSEtoronates. Gnamptogenys toronates Lattke, 2004: 151, fig. 36 (w.) BORNEO.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys treta TRUE TRUE FALSEtreta. Gnamptogenys treta Lattke, 2004: 153, fig. 37 (w.) BORNEO.
Ponerinae Ponerini Harpegnathos hobbyi TRUE TRUE FALSEhobbyi. Harpegnathos hobbyi Donisthorpe, 1937b: 196 (q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Phalacromyrmecini Ishakidris ascitaspis TRUE TRUE FALSEascitaspis. Ishakidris ascitaspis Bolton, 1984: 375, figs. 1-4 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Lasiomyrma gracilinoda TRUE TRUE FALSEgracilinoda. Lasiomyrma gracilinoda Terayama & Yamane, 2000: 526, figs. 9-10 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Lasiomyrma maryatiae TRUE TRUE FALSEmaryatiae. Lasiomyrma maryatiae Terayama & Yamane, 2000: 526, figs. 11-12 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota rothneyi sundaica TRUE TRUE FALSEsundaica. Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) rothneyi subsp. sundaica Emery, 1921d: 318 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 228.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys borneensis TRUE TRUE FALSEborneensis. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) borneensis Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 59 (w.) BORNEO. Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 67 (k.).
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys chalybaea TRUE TRUE FALSEchalybaea. Lobopelta chalybaea Emery, 1887b: 432 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Leptogenys (Lobopelta): Emery, 1911d: 102.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys diminuta TRUE TRUE FALSE11 subspecies
diminuta. Ponera diminuta Smith, F. 1857a: 69 (w.) BORNEO. Forel, 1900d: 312 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 49 (l.); Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 67 (k.); Imai, Kubota, et al. 1985: 46 (k.). Combination in Lobopelta: Mayr, 1862: 734; in Leptogenys: Emery, 1895k: 461. Senior synonym of simillima: Mayr, 1863: 428; of bismarckensis, ferox, stitzi, santschii and material of the unavailable names amboinensis, huruensis referred here: Wilson, 1958a: 118; of yarrabahna: Taylor, 1988: 34. Current subspecies: nominal plus deceptrix, diminutolaeviceps, fruhstorferi, laeviceps, nongnongi, opacinodis, palliseri, sarasinorum, striatula, tjibodana, woodmasoni. See also: Bingham, 1903: 61.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys iridescens TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
iridescens. Ponera iridescens Smith, F. 1857a: 66 (w.) BORNEO. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 51 (l.); Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 67 (k.). Combination in Lobopelta: Roger, 1863b: 19; in Leptogenys: Forel, 1901f: 329. Current subspecies: nominal plus currens.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys pompiloides TRUE TRUE FALSEpompiloides. Ponera pompiloides Smith, F. 1857a: 69 (m.) BORNEO. Combination in Leptogenys: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 448.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys kitteli transiens TRUE TRUE FALSEtransiens. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) kitteli var. transiens Forel, 1911e: 253 (w.) BORNEO.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys diminuta laeviceps TRUE TRUE FALSElaeviceps. Ponera laeviceps Smith, F. 1857a: 69 (w.) BORNEO. Forel, 1900d: 312 (m.); Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 5 (k.). Combination in Lobopelta: Mayr, 1862: 734; in Leptogenys: Emery, 1895k: 461. [Name misspelled as leviceps by Dalla Torre, 1893: 44.] Currently subspecies of diminuta: Emery, 1887b: 433; Bingham, 1903: 62; Forel, 1912n: 52.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys processionalis distinguenda TRUE TRUE FALSEdistinguenda. Lobopelta distinguenda Emery, 1887b: 430, pl. 1, fig. 4 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Leptogenys: Emery, 1895k: 461. Subspecies of ocellifera: Emery, 1893f: 243; Forel, 1901h: 46. Currently subspecies of processionalis: Emery, 1911d: 105.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys iridescens currens TRUE TRUE FALSEcurrens. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) iridescens st. currens Forel, 1901f: 329 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Lophomyrmex longicornis TRUE TRUE FALSElongicornis. Lophomyrmex longicornis Rigato, 1994a: 55, figs. 11, 12 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Lordomyrma reticulata TRUE TRUE FALSEreticulata. Lordomyrma reticulata Lucky & Sarnat, 2008: 39, figs. 1-3 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Loweriella boltoni TRUE TRUE FALSEboltoni. Loweriella boltoni Shattuck, 1992c: 129, figs. 118-120 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Meranoplini Meranoplus borneensis TRUE TRUE FALSEborneensis. Meranoplus borneensis Schödl, 1998: 377, figs. 5, 19, 30 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Meranoplini Meranoplus castaneus TRUE TRUE FALSEcastaneus. Meranoplus castaneus Smith, F. 1857a: 81, pl. 2, fig. 7 (q.) BORNEO. Forel, 1910a: 29 (w.). Senior synonym of cordatus: Forel, 1912n: 61; of hammaceros, javanus: Schödl, 1998: 378.
Myrmicinae Meranoplini Meranoplus montanus TRUE TRUE FALSEmontanus. Meranoplus montanus Schödl, 1998: 387, figs. 12, 26, 30 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Metaponini Metapone hewitti TRUE TRUE FALSEhewitti. Metapone hewitti Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 62 (m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Metaponini Metapone quadridentata TRUE TRUE FALSEquadridentata. Metapone quadridentata Eguchi, 1998: 605, figs. 1-3 (w.q.l.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium brocha TRUE TRUE FALSEbrocha. Epelysidris brocha Bolton, 1987: 280, figs. 16, 17 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Monomorium: Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 131.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium latinode TRUE TRUE FALSElatinode. Monomorium latinode Mayr, 1872: 152 (w.) BORNEO. Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 8 (k.). Senior synonym of bruneum, voeltzkowi: Bolton, 1987: 429. See also: Heterick, 2006: 108.
Ponerinae Ponerini Myopias breviloba TRUE TRUE FALSEbreviloba. Trapeziopelta breviloba Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 143 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in Myopias: Bolton, 1995b: 269.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica emeryi TRUE TRUE FALSEemeryi. Myrmica emeryi Radchenko & Elmes, 2009b: 3, figs. 1-5 (w.) BORNEO (Pulo Laut). See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 128.
Myrmicinae Myrmicariini Myrmicaria arachnoides TRUE TRUE FALSE4 subspecies
arachnoides. Heptacondylus arachnoides Smith, F. 1857a: 72 (w.q.) BORNEO. Mayr, 1867a: 114 (m.). Combination in Myrmicaria: Mayr, 1867a: 113. Senior synonym of longipes: Mayr, 1863: 423. Current subspecies: nominal plus adpressipilosa, latinoda, lutea, luteiventris. See also: Karavaiev, 1935a: 77.
Myrmicinae Myrmicariini Myrmicaria carinata TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
carinata. Heptacondylus carinatus Smith, F. 1857a: 73 (w.) BORNEO. Mayr, 1867a: 112 (q.); Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 69 (m.). Combination in Myrmicaria: Mayr, 1867a: 111. Subspecies of fodica: Emery, 1893e: 219. Revived status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 155; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 69. Subspecies of brunnea: Santschi, 1925c: 176 (in key). Revived status as species: Stärcke: 1938: xxxv. Senior synonym of dromedarius: Emery, 1893e: 219; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 69. Current subspecies: nominal plus gagatina, jacobsoni.
Myrmicinae Myrmicariini Myrmicaria melanogaster TRUE TRUE FALSEmelanogaster. Myrmicaria melanogaster Emery, 1900d: 692 (footnote) (w.) BORNEO. Forel, 1911a: 23 (q.m.). Subspecies of arachnoides: Forel, 1911a: 23; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 71. Revived status as species: Emery, 1922e: 122.
Myrmicinae Myrmicariini Myrmicaria brunnea subcarinata TRUE TRUE FALSEsubcarinata. Heptacondylus subcarinatus Smith, F. 1857a: 73 (w.) BORNEO. Mayr, 1867a: 112 (q.); Forel, 1913k: 73 (m.). Combination in Myrmicaria: Mayr, 1867a: 112. Status as species: Forel, 1909d: 226; Forel, 1913k: 73; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 70. Subspecies of fodica: Emery, 1893e: 219; Stitz, 1925: 118. Currently subspecies of brunnea: Bingham, 1903: 119; Emery, 1922e: 122; Santschi, 1925c: 176 (in key); Menozzi, 1932d: 6; Karavaiev, 1935a: 82. Senior synonym of gibbosa: Emery, 1893e: 219.
Myrmicinae Myrmicariini Myrmicaria arachnoides latinoda TRUE TRUE FALSElatinoda. Myrmicaria arachnoidea var. latinoda Stitz, 1938: 101, fig. 2 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Myrmicariini Myrmicaria carinata gagatina TRUE TRUE FALSEgagatina. Myrmicaria carinata subsp. gagatina Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 69 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras arcoelinae TRUE TRUE FALSEarcoelinae. Myrmoteras (Myagroteras) arcoelinae Agosti, 1992: 413, figs. 9, 15, 16 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras bakeri TRUE TRUE FALSEbakeri. Myrmoteras bakeri Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 145 (q.m.) BORNEO. Moffett, 1985b: 32 (w.). Combination in M. (Myagroteras): Moffett, 1985b: 32. See also: Agosti, 1992: 415.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras chondrogastrum TRUE TRUE FALSEchondrogastrum. Myrmoteras (Myagroteras) chondrogastrum Moffett, 1985b: 39, figs. 31, 34 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras diastematum TRUE TRUE FALSEdiastematum. Myrmoteras (Myagroteras) diastematum Moffett, 1985b: 36, figs. 26, 29 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras donisthorpei TRUE TRUE FALSEdonisthorpei. Myrmoteras donisthorpei Wheeler, W.M. 1916b: 14, fig. 3 (q.) BORNEO. Moffett, 1985b: 42 (w.m.). Combination in M. (Myagroteras): Moffett, 1985b: 42.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras iriodum TRUE TRUE FALSEiriodum. Myrmoteras (Myrmoteras) iriodum Moffett, 1985b: 24, figs. 13, 17 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras mjoebergi TRUE TRUE FALSEmjoebergi. Myrmoteras mjoebergi Wheeler, W.M., in Creighton, 1930a: 188, fig. 2; pl. 11, fig. 1 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in M. (Myrmoteras): Moffett, 1985b: 25.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras tonboli TRUE TRUE FALSEtonboli. Myrmoteras (Myagroteras) tonboli Agosti, 1992: 427, figs. 8, 13, 14 (w.) BORNEO.
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontoponera transversa nitens TRUE TRUE FALSEnitens. Odontoponera transversa subsp. nitens Creighton, 1929: 154 (w.) BORNEO.
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla obtusa TRUE TRUE FALSEobtusa. Pachycondyla (Ectomomyrmex) obtusa Emery, 1900d: 667 (footnote) (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Ectomomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 55; in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 308.
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla sandakana TRUE TRUE FALSEsandakana. Bothroponera sandakana Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 141 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 309.
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla tridentata TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
tridentata. Pachycondyla tridentata Smith, F. 1858b: 106 (w.) BORNEO. Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 142 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 45; Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 67 (k.). Combination in Pachycondyla (Bothroponera): Emery, 1900d: 667; in Bothroponera: Mayr, 1872: 149; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 55; in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 311. Current subspecies: nominal plus debilior, exasperans.
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla vidua TRUE TRUE FALSEvidua. Ponera vidua Smith, F. 1857a: 68 (m.) BORNEO. Combination in Pachycondyla: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 448.
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla tridentata debilior TRUE TRUE FALSEdebilior. Ponera (Bothroponera) tridentata r. debilior Forel, 1901h: 46 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Pachycondyla: Forel, 1911e: 253; in Bothroponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 55; in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 304.
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla insularis brevior TRUE TRUE FALSEbrevior. Ponera (Bothroponera) insularis var. brevior Forel, 1901h: 45 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Bothroponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 55; in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 303.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina butteli bryanti TRUE TRUE FALSEbryanti. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) butteli r. bryanti Forel 1916: 439 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 104.
Myrmicinae Paratopulini Paratopula ankistra TRUE TRUE FALSEankistra. Paratopula ankistra Bolton, 1988b: 134, figs. 1, 6 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Paratopulini Paratopula demeta TRUE TRUE FALSEdemeta. Paratopula demeta Bolton, 1988b: 139, fig. 3 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Paratopulini Paratopula longispina TRUE TRUE FALSElongispina. Atopula longispina Stitz, 1938: 103, fig. 4 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in Paratopula: Bolton, 1976: 363.
Myrmicinae Paratopulini Paratopula macta TRUE TRUE FALSEmacta. Paratopula macta Bolton, 1988b: 140, fig. 2 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Paratopulini Paratopula oculata TRUE TRUE FALSEoculata. Cerapachys oculatus Smith, F. 1857a: 74, pl. 1, figs. 20-24 (m.) BORNEO. Bolton, 1988b: 141 (q.). Combination in Sima: Emery, 1887b: 445 (footnote); in Rhopalothrix: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 450; in Acanthomyrmex: Brown, 1975: 60; in Paratopula: Bolton, 1988b: 141.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole acantha TRUE TRUE FALSEacantha. Pheidole acantha Eguchi, 2001b: 25, fig. 3 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole angulicollis TRUE TRUE FALSEangulicollis. Pheidole angulicollis Eguchi, 2001b: 30, fig. 5 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole annexa TRUE TRUE FALSEannexa. Pheidole annexus Eguchi, 2001b: 32, fig. 6 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole aristotelis TRUE TRUE FALSEaristotelis. Pheidole aristotelis Forel, 1911a: 43 (s.w.m.) BORNEO. See also: Eguchi, 2001a: 4; Eguchi, 2001b: 34.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole cariniceps TRUE TRUE FALSEcariniceps. Pheidole cariniceps Eguchi, 2001b: 41, fig. 10 (s.w.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole cingulata FALSE FALSE FALSEcingulata. Atta cingulata Smith, F. 1857a: 77 (s.w.) BORNEO. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Dalla Torre, 1893: 102; in Pheidole: Emery, 1915d: 69. Unidentifiable taxon, incertae sedis in Pheidole: Eguchi, 2001b: 43.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole clypeocornis TRUE TRUE FALSEclypeocornis. Pheidole clypeocornis Eguchi, 2001b: 44, fig. 11 (s.w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole comata TRUE TRUE FALSEcomata. Pheidole comata Smith, F. 1858b: 176 (w.) BORNEO. Mayr, 1886c: 360 (s.). Senior synonym of multicoma: Eguchi, 2001a: 9. See also: Eguchi, 2001b: 45.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole deltea TRUE TRUE FALSEdeltea. Pheidole deltea Eguchi, 2001b: 47, fig. 13 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole havilandi TRUE TRUE FALSEhavilandi. Pheidole havilandi Forel, 1911a: 38 (s.w.q.m.) BORNEO. Senior synonym of sapuana, selangorensis: Eguchi, 2001a: 11. See also: Eguchi, 2001b: 59.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole inornata TRUE TRUE FALSEinornata. Pheidole inornata Eguchi, 2001b: 66, fig. 22 (s.w.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole kikutai TRUE TRUE FALSEkikutai. Pheidole kikutai Eguchi, 2001b: 67, fig. 23 (s.w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole lucioccipitalis TRUE TRUE FALSElucioccipitalis. Pheidole lucioccipitalis Eguchi, 2001b: 73, fig. 26 (s.w.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole manukana TRUE TRUE FALSEmanukana. Pheidole manukana Eguchi, 2001b: 75, fig. 27 (s.w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole montana TRUE TRUE FALSEmontana. Pheidole montana Eguchi, 1999: 100, figs. 8-11 (s.w.q.) BORNEO. See also: Eguchi, 2001b: 83.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole parvicorpus TRUE TRUE FALSEparvicorpus. Pheidole parvicorpus Eguchi, 2001b: 86, fig. 33 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole planidorsum TRUE TRUE FALSEplanidorsum. Pheidole planidorsum Eguchi, 2001b: 91, fig. 35 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole plinii TRUE TRUE FALSEplinii. Pheidole plinii Forel, 1911a: 40 (s.w.q.) BORNEO. See also: Eguchi, 2001a: 19; Eguchi, 2001b: 92.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole poringensis TRUE TRUE FALSEporingensis. Pheidole poringensis Eguchi, 2001b: 94, fig. 37 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole quinata TRUE TRUE FALSEquinata. Pheidole quinata Eguchi, 2000: 691, figs. 11-18 (s.w.) BORNEO. See also: Eguchi, 2001b: 100.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole retivertex TRUE TRUE FALSEretivertex. Pheidole retivertex Eguchi, 2001b: 104, fig. 42 (s.w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole rugifera TRUE TRUE FALSErugifera. Pheidole rugifera Eguchi, 2001b: 106, fig. 43 (s.w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole sabahna TRUE TRUE FALSEsabahna. Pheidole sabahna Eguchi, 2000: 688, figs. 1-10 (s.w.m.) BORNEO. See also: Eguchi, 2001b: 108.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole sarawakana TRUE TRUE FALSEsarawakana. Pheidole sauberi subsp. sarawakana Forel, 1911a: 45 (s.w.) BORNEO. Raised to species: Eguchi, 2001a: 23. See also: Eguchi, 2001b: 110.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole sayapensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsayapensis. Pheidole sayapensis Eguchi, 2001b: 114, fig. 47 (s.w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole schoedli TRUE TRUE FALSEschoedli. Pheidole schoedli Eguchi, Hashimoto & Malsch, 2006: 32, figs. 1 – 7 (s.w.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole spinicornis TRUE TRUE FALSEspinicornis. Pheidole spinicornis Eguchi, 2001b: 116, fig. 48 (s.w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole submonticola TRUE TRUE FALSEsubmonticola. Pheidole submonticola Eguchi, 2001b: 117, fig. 49 (s.w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole tawauensis TRUE TRUE FALSEtawauensis. Pheidole tawauensis Eguchi, 2001b: 119, fig. 50 (s.w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole tenebricosa TRUE TRUE FALSEtenebricosa. Pheidole tenebricosa Eguchi, 2001b: 121, fig. 51 (s.w.q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis achterbergi TRUE TRUE FALSEachterbergi. Polyrhachis achterbergi Kohout, 2006b: 110, figs. 5A, 6A-B (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis acuminata TRUE TRUE FALSEacuminata. Polyrhachis acuminata Kohout, 2007d: 116, figs. 1, 2 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis arcuata TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
arcuata. Formica arcuata Le Guillou, 1842: 315 (w.q.) BORNEO. Combination in Polyrhachis: Mayr, 1863: 443; in P. (Chariomyrma): Viehmeyer, 1916a: 166. Junior synonym of latreillei: Dalla Torre, 1893: 264; Emery, 1896d: 380. Revived from synonymy and senior synonym of latifrons (and its junior synonym modiglianii): Emery, 1897d: 583; of continentis: Kohout, 1998: 510. Current subspecies: nominal plus acutinota, aruana.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis aspasia TRUE TRUE FALSEaspasia. Polyrhachis aspasia Forel, 1911a: 59 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 132.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis banghaasi TRUE TRUE FALSEbanghaasi. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) banghaasi Viehmeyer, 1922: 219 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis beccarii TRUE TRUE FALSEbeccarii. Polyrhachis beccarii Mayr, 1872: 141 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrma): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 123.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis bruehli TRUE TRUE FALSEbruehli. Polyrhachis bruehli Kohout, 2006b: 111, figs. 6C-D (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis castaneiventris TRUE TRUE FALSEcastaneiventris. Polyrhachis castaneiventris Smith, F. 1858b: 67 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Emery, 1925b: 197. Unplaced to subgenus: Dorow, 1995: 65.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis constructor TRUE TRUE FALSEconstructor. Polyrhachis constructor Smith, F. 1857a: 60 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrmatopa): Donisthorpe, 1932c: 445. Unplaced to subgenus: Dorow, 1995: 65, but Donisthorpe probably correct. [P. constructrix: Schulz, 1906: 156; unjustified emendation.]
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis cybele TRUE TRUE FALSEcybele. Polyrhachis (Hemioptica) aculeata subsp. cybele Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 126 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrma): Emery, 1925b: 205. Raised to species: Kohout, 2008a: 271.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis danum TRUE TRUE FALSEdanum. Polyrhachis danum Kohout, 2006b: 112, figs. 6E-F (w.q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis daphne TRUE TRUE FALSEdaphne. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) daphne Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 133 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis diotima TRUE TRUE FALSEdiotima. Polyrhachis diotima Forel, 1911a: 60 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 132. See also: Forel, 1911e: 297.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis equina TRUE TRUE FALSEequina. Polyrhachis equinus Smith, F. 1857a: 63 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Campomyrma): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 122. Senior synonym of biloba: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 122. See also: Kohout, 2007c: 10.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis hashimotoi TRUE TRUE FALSEhashimotoi. Polyrhachis hashimotoi Kohout, 2007c: 12, figs. 7, 8 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis hosei TRUE TRUE FALSEhosei. Polyrhachis (Myrma) hosei Donisthorpe, 1942e: 708 (w.) BORNEO. Junior synonym of inermis: Bolton, 1974b: 176. Revived from synonymy: Kohout, 1998: 526.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis lepida TRUE TRUE FALSElepida. Polyrhachis lepida Kohout, 2006b: 113, figs. 7A-B (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis lugens TRUE TRUE FALSElugens. Polyrhachis lugens Mayr, 1867a: 63, pl. 2, fig. 5 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 130.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis maryatiae TRUE TRUE FALSEmaryatiae. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) maryatiae Kohout, 2007b: 2, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.) BORNEO (Sabah).
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis montana TRUE TRUE FALSEmontana. Polyrhachis montana Hung, 1970: 23, figs. 16-22 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis murina TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
murina. Polyrhachis murina Emery, 1893e: 198 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrma): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 123. Current subspecies: nominal plus selecta.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis nigropilosa TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
nigropilosa. Polyrhachis nigropilosa Mayr, 1872: 141 (w.) BORNEO. Menozzi, 1926e: 99 (q.); Karavaiev, 1927e: 47 (m.). Combination in P. (Myrma): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 124. Senior synonym of conophthalma: Kohout, 1998: 522. Current subspecies: nominal plus polluta.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis nitida TRUE TRUE FALSEnitida. Polyrhachis nitidus Smith, F. 1857a: 61 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Emery, 1925b: 197.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis oedacantha TRUE TRUE FALSEoedacantha. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) oedacantha Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 135 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis personata TRUE TRUE FALSEpersonata. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) personata Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 134 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis platynota TRUE TRUE FALSEplatynota. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) platynota Stitz, 1933: 74, fig. 8 (q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis pruinosa TRUE TRUE FALSEpruinosa. Polyrhachis pruinosa Mayr, 1872: 142 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrma): Viehmeyer, 1916a: 166.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis reidi TRUE TRUE FALSEreidi. Polyrhachis reidi Kohout, 2007c: 13, figs. 9, 10 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis ruficornis TRUE TRUE FALSEruficornis. Polyrhachis ruficornis Smith, F. 1857a: 60 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrmatopa): Donisthorpe, 1932c: 445.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis rufipes TRUE TRUE FALSErufipes. Polyrhachis rufipes Smith, F. 1858b: 66, pl. 4, fig. 28 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Emery, 1925b: 196. Senior synonym of exasperatus, oblisa, phipsoni: Bolton, 1974b: 178.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis sukarmani TRUE TRUE FALSEsukarmani. Polyrhachis sukarmani Kohout, 2007c: 14, figs. 2, 11, 12 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis sulang TRUE TRUE FALSEsulang. Polyrhachis sulang Kohout, 2006b: 115, figs. 7E-F (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis triaena TRUE TRUE FALSEtriaena. Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) triaena Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 127 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis villipes TRUE TRUE FALSEvillipes. Polyrhachis villipes Smith, F. 1857a: 61 (w.) BORNEO. Mayr, 1872: 140 (q.); Forel, 1915a: 43 (m.). Combination in P. (Myrma): Viehmeyer, 1916a: 166. Senior synonym of sumatrensis, tritschleri: Kohout, 1998: 526.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis vindex TRUE TRUE FALSE3 subspecies
vindex. Polyrhachis vindex Smith, F. 1857a: 64 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in P. (Myrma): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 125. Senior synonym of orsyllus: Dorow, 1995: 41. Current subspecies: javanensis, muscula, ritsemai.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis widodoi TRUE TRUE FALSEwidodoi. Polyrhachis widodoi Kohout, 2006b: 116, figs. 5B (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis bicolor aurinasis TRUE TRUE FALSEaurinasis. Polyrhachis bicolor var. aurinasis Forel, 1901h: 77 (w.) BORNEO. Forel, 1911e: 296 (q.). Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 132.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera borneensis TRUE TRUE FALSEborneensis. Ponera borneensis Taylor, 1967a: 69, figs. 61, 62 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Pristomyrmex modestus TRUE TRUE FALSEmodestus. Pristomyrmex modestus Wang, M. 2003: 452, figs. 148-149 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Pristomyrmex occultus TRUE TRUE FALSEoccultus. Pristomyrmex occultus Wang, M. 2003: 455, figs. 152-153 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Pristomyrmex profundus TRUE TRUE FALSEprofundus. Pristomyrmex profundus Wang, M. 2003: 515, figs. 241-244 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Pristomyrmex trachylissus TRUE TRUE FALSEtrachylissus. Myrmica trachylissa Smith, F. 1858b: 126 (q.) BORNEO. Mayr, 1886c: 359 (w.). Combination in Pristomyrmex: Mayr, 1886c: 359. Wang, M. 2003: 474 (w.). See also: Emery, 1887b: 450.
Proceratiinae Probolomyrmecini Probolomyrmex maryatiae TRUE TRUE FALSEmaryatiae. Probolomyrmex maryatiae Eguchi, Yoshimura & Yamane, 2006: 26, figs. 5A-D, 9E, 10E (w) BORNEO.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium angulinode TRUE TRUE FALSEangulinode. Proceratium angulinode De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 375, fig. 146 (w.) BORNEO.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium banjaranense TRUE TRUE FALSEbanjaranense. Proceratium banjaranense De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 382, fig. 148 (w.) BORNEO.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium dayak TRUE TRUE FALSEdayak. Proceratium dayak De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 317, fig. 129 (w.) BORNEO.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium deelemani TRUE TRUE FALSEdeelemani. Proceratium deelemani Perrault, 1981: 189, figs. 1-6 (w.) BORNEO. Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 97 (q.m.)
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium dusun TRUE TRUE FALSEdusun. Proceratium dusun De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 385, fig. 149 (w.) BORNEO.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium foveolatum TRUE TRUE FALSEfoveolatum. Proceratium foveolatum De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 78, figs. 48-50 (w.m.) BORNEO.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium microsculptum TRUE TRUE FALSEmicrosculptum. Proceratium microsculptum De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 199, fig. 84 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium striativenter TRUE TRUE FALSEstriativenter. Proceratium striativenter De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 379, figs. 3, 147 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius leopoldi TRUE TRUE FALSEleopoldi. Pseudolasius leopoldi Santschi, 1932b: 26, fig. 10 (m.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius mayri sarawakanus TRUE TRUE FALSEsarawakanus. Pseudolasius mayri var. sarawakana Forel, 1913k: 107 (footnote) (q.m.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica acheron TRUE TRUE FALSEacheron. Pyramica acheron Bolton, 2000: 416 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica aello TRUE TRUE FALSEaello. Pyramica aello Bolton, 2000: 416 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica bubisnoda TRUE TRUE FALSEbubisnoda. Pyramica bubisnoda Bolton, 2000: 393 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica clotho TRUE TRUE FALSEclotho. Pyramica clotho Bolton, 2000: 413 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica daspleta TRUE TRUE FALSEdaspleta. Pyramica daspleta Bolton, 2000: 445 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica deinognatha TRUE TRUE FALSEdeinognatha. Pyramica deinognatha Bolton, 2000: 419 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica disjuncta TRUE TRUE FALSEdisjuncta. Pyramica disjuncta Bolton, 2000: 414, figs. 253, 283 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica dyschima TRUE TRUE FALSEdyschima. Pyramica dyschima Bolton, 2000: 451, fig. 264 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica euryale TRUE TRUE FALSEeuryale. Pyramica euryale Bolton, 2000: 432, fig. 272 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica kempfi TRUE TRUE FALSEkempfi. Smithistruma kempfi Taylor & Brown, 1978: 35, figs. 1-6 (w.q.) BORNEO. Combination in Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1673. See also: Bolton, 2000: 425.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica medusa TRUE TRUE FALSEmedusa. Pyramica medusa Bolton, 2000: 436, figs. 273, 296 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica megaera TRUE TRUE FALSEmegaera. Pyramica megaera Bolton, 2000: 437, fig. 270 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica mnemosyne TRUE TRUE FALSEmnemosyne. Pyramica mnemosyne Bolton, 2000: 446, figs. 266, 291 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica ocypete TRUE TRUE FALSEocypete. Pyramica ocypete Bolton, 2000: 420, figs. 259, 287 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica runa TRUE TRUE FALSEruna. Pyramica runa Bolton, 2000: 447 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica theia TRUE TRUE FALSEtheia. Pyramica theia Bolton, 2000: 407 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Recurvidris browni TRUE TRUE FALSEbrowni. Recurvidris browni Bolton, 1992: 43, figs. 1, 3 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Rotastruma recava TRUE TRUE FALSErecava. Rotastruma recava Bolton, 1991: 9, figs. 12, 14 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Secostruma lethifera TRUE TRUE FALSElethifera. Secostruma lethifera Bolton, 1988c: 265, figs. 1-4 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys aechme TRUE TRUE FALSEaechme. Strumigenys aechme Bolton, 2000: 867 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys akalles TRUE TRUE FALSEakalles. Strumigenys akalles Bolton, 2000: 748 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys amasara TRUE TRUE FALSEamasara. Strumigenys amasara Bolton, 2000: 837 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys arrogantia TRUE TRUE FALSEarrogantia. Strumigenys arrogantia Bolton, 2000: 868 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys baal TRUE TRUE FALSEbaal. Strumigenys baal Bolton, 2000: 816 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys baladria TRUE TRUE FALSEbaladria. Strumigenys baladria Bolton, 2000: 839, fig. 458 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys blanda TRUE TRUE FALSEblanda. Strumigenys blanda Bolton, 2000: 840 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys bryanti TRUE TRUE FALSEbryanti. Strumigenys bryanti Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 95 (q.) BORNEO. See also: Brown, 1954f: 164; Bolton, 2000: 774.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys chorosa TRUE TRUE FALSEchorosa. Strumigenys chorosa Bolton, 2000: 841 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys cygarix TRUE TRUE FALSEcygarix. Strumigenys cygarix Bolton, 2000: 755 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys diasphax TRUE TRUE FALSEdiasphax. Strumigenys diasphax Bolton, 2000: 910 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys dromica TRUE TRUE FALSEdromica. Strumigenys dromica Bolton, 2000: 758 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys dyak TRUE TRUE FALSEdyak. Strumigenys dyak Brown, 1959g: 81 (w.) BORNEO. See also: Bolton, 2000: 800.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys eumekes TRUE TRUE FALSEeumekes. Strumigenys eumekes Bolton, 2000: 790 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys forficata TRUE TRUE FALSEforficata. Strumigenys forficata Brown, 1959g: 86 (w.) BORNEO. See also: Bolton, 2000: 821.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys fuarda TRUE TRUE FALSEfuarda. Strumigenys fuarda Bolton, 2000: 784, fig. 430 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys gloriosa TRUE TRUE FALSEgloriosa. Strumigenys gloriosa Bolton, 2000: 775 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys gyrogenys TRUE TRUE FALSEgyrogenys. Strumigenys gyrogenys Bolton, 2000: 768 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys halpas TRUE TRUE FALSEhalpas. Strumigenys halpas Bolton, 2000: 822 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys hastur TRUE TRUE FALSEhastur. Strumigenys hastur Bolton, 2000: 808 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys hekate TRUE TRUE FALSEhekate. Strumigenys hekate Bolton, 2000: 776 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys ignota TRUE TRUE FALSEignota. Strumigenys ignota Bolton, 2000: 844, figs. 445, 505 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys indagatrix TRUE TRUE FALSEindagatrix. Strumigenys indagatrix Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 94 (w.) BORNEO. See also: Brown, 1959g: 86; Bolton, 2000: 793 (misspelled as indigatrix).
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys kapryx TRUE TRUE FALSEkapryx. Strumigenys kapryx Bolton, 2000: 846, fig. 453 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys lebratyx TRUE TRUE FALSElebratyx. Strumigenys lebratyx Bolton, 2000: 759 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys leptorhina TRUE TRUE FALSEleptorhina. Strumigenys leptorhina Bolton, 2000: 886, figs. 470, 512 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys liophila TRUE TRUE FALSEliophila. Strumigenys liophila Bolton, 2000: 871 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys macerina TRUE TRUE FALSEmacerina. Strumigenys macerina Bolton, 2000: 761 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys mjoebergi TRUE TRUE FALSEmjoebergi. Strumigenys mjoebergi Brown, 1959g: 83 (w.q.) BORNEO. See also: Bolton, 2000: 802.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys mododonta TRUE TRUE FALSEmododonta. Strumigenys mododonta Bolton, 2000: 761 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys morphica TRUE TRUE FALSEmorphica. Strumigenys morphica Bolton, 2000: 873 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys naberia TRUE TRUE FALSEnaberia. Strumigenys naberia Bolton, 2000: 849 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys natynion TRUE TRUE FALSEnatynion. Strumigenys natynion Bolton, 2000: 762 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys ochosa TRUE TRUE FALSEochosa. Strumigenys ochosa Bolton, 2000: 896, fig. 474 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys offina TRUE TRUE FALSEoffina. Strumigenys offina Bolton, 2000: 850, fig. 444 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys perturba TRUE TRUE FALSEperturba. Strumigenys perturba Bolton, 2000: 850 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys pliocera TRUE TRUE FALSEpliocera. Strumigenys pliocera Bolton, 2000: 764 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys propinqua TRUE TRUE FALSEpropinqua. Strumigenys propinqua Bolton, 2000: 874 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys rhadina TRUE TRUE FALSErhadina. Strumigenys rhadina Bolton, 2000: 764 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys rofocala TRUE TRUE FALSErofocala. Strumigenys rofocala Bolton, 2000: 817 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys rotogenys TRUE TRUE FALSErotogenys. Strumigenys rotogenys Bolton, 2000: 769, figs. 426, 491 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys seynoka TRUE TRUE FALSEseynoka. Strumigenys seynoka Bolton, 2000: 852 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys strenosa TRUE TRUE FALSEstrenosa. Strumigenys strenosa Bolton, 2000: 875 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys sublaminata TRUE TRUE FALSEsublaminata. Strumigenys sublaminata Brown, 1959g: 84 (w.q.) BORNEO. See also: Bolton, 2000: 828.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys superba TRUE TRUE FALSEsuperba. Strumigenys superba Bolton, 2000: 777 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys sytaria TRUE TRUE FALSEsytaria. Strumigenys sytaria Bolton, 2000: 829 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys tadynastes TRUE TRUE FALSEtadynastes. Strumigenys tadynastes Bolton, 2000: 765 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys taraxis TRUE TRUE FALSEtaraxis. Strumigenys taraxis Bolton, 2000: 854 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys tomodonta TRUE TRUE FALSEtomodonta. Strumigenys tomodonta Bolton, 2000: 766 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys treptodens TRUE TRUE FALSEtreptodens. Strumigenys treptodens Bolton, 2000: 770 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys trixodens TRUE TRUE FALSEtrixodens. Strumigenys trixodens Bolton, 2000: 909, figs. 480, 515 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys ulteria TRUE TRUE FALSEulteria. Strumigenys ulteria Bolton, 2000: 855, fig. 456 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys vertigosa TRUE TRUE FALSEvertigosa. Strumigenys vertigosa Bolton, 2000: 855 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys vindala TRUE TRUE FALSEvindala. Strumigenys vindala Bolton, 2000: 856, fig. 452 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys zagan TRUE TRUE FALSEzagan. Strumigenys zagan Bolton, 2000: 804 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma flavidum TRUE TRUE FALSEflavidum. Tapinoma flavidum André, 1892b: 51 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex certus TRUE TRUE FALSEcertus. Technomyrmex certus Bolton, 2007a: 76, fig. 49 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex fornax TRUE TRUE FALSEfornax. Technomyrmex fornax Bolton, 2007a: 80, fig. 45 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex gaudens TRUE TRUE FALSEgaudens. Technomyrmex gaudens Bolton, 2007a: 81 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex horrens TRUE TRUE FALSEhorrens. Technomyrmex horrens Bolton, 2007a: 86, figs. 61, 70 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex impressus TRUE TRUE FALSEimpressus. Technomyrmex impressus Bolton, 2007a: 86, fig. 59 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex reductus TRUE TRUE FALSEreductus. Technomyrmex reductus Bolton, 2007a: 98, fig. 56 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex strenuus TRUE TRUE FALSEstrenuus. Technomyrmex strenua Mayr, 1872: 147 (w. ergatoid q.) BORNEO. Forel, 1911a: 46 (m.). See also: Bolton, 2007a: 100.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex subgracilis TRUE TRUE FALSEsubgracilis. Technomyrmex subgracilis Bolton, 2007a: 101, figs. 46, 73 (w.) BORNEO.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex tatius TRUE TRUE FALSEtatius. Technomyrmex tatius Bolton, 2007a: 102 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Tetheamyrma subspongia TRUE TRUE FALSEsubspongia. Tetheamyrma subspongia Bolton, 1991: 10, figs. 16, 17 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium adelphon TRUE TRUE FALSEadelphon. Tetramorium adelphon Bolton, 1979: 177 (w.) BORNEO. Imai, Kubota, et al. 1985: 47 (k.).
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium chepocha TRUE TRUE FALSEchepocha. Triglyphothrix chepocha Bolton, 1976: 345, fig. 72 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Tetramorium: Bolton, 1985: 247.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium flagellatum TRUE TRUE FALSEflagellatum. Tetramorium flagellatum Bolton, 1977: 122, fig. 48 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium ocothrum TRUE TRUE FALSEocothrum. Tetramorium ocothrum Bolton, 1979: 176, fig. 57 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium palaense TRUE TRUE FALSEpalaense. Tetramorium palaense Bolton, 1979: 175, fig. 56 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium parvispinum TRUE TRUE FALSEparvispinum. Triglyphothrix parvispina Emery, 1893e: 214 (diagnosis in key) (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Tetramorium: Bolton, 1985: 247. Senior synonym of formosae: Bolton, 1976: 355.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium scabrum TRUE TRUE FALSEscabrum. Tetramorium scabrum Mayr, 1879: 672 (w.) BORNEO. Forel, 1913k: 81 (q.m.). Subspecies of pacificum: Emery, 1924d: 284. Junior synonym of pacificum: Bolton, 1977: 102. Revived from synonymy: Schlick-Steiner, Steiner & Zettel, 2006: 183.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium tylinum TRUE TRUE FALSEtylinum. Tetramorium tylinum Bolton, 1977: 123, fig. 53 (w.) BORNEO.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera apiculata TRUE TRUE FALSEapiculata. Tetraponera apiculata Ward, 2001: 608, figs. 9, 20, 46 (w.) BORNEO.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera attenuata TRUE TRUE FALSEattenuata. Tetraponera attenuata Smith, F. 1877b: 71 (w.) BORNEO. Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 144 (q.m.). Combination in Sima: André, 1892b: 53; in Tetraponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 65. Senior synonym of tenuissima: Forel, 1912n: 55; of birmana, thagatensis: Ward, 2001: 622.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera bita TRUE TRUE FALSEbita. Tetraponera bita Ward, 2001: 609, figs. 11, 22, 47 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera buops TRUE TRUE FALSEbuops. Tetraponera buops Ward, 2001: 627, figs. 62, 66 (w.) BORNEO.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera conica TRUE TRUE FALSEconica. Tetraponera conica Ward, 2001: 610, figs. 14, 25, 52 (w.) BORNEO.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera inversinodis TRUE TRUE FALSEinversinodis. Tetraponera inversinodis Ward, 2001: 629, figs. 101, 103, 109, 146, 160, 172 (w.q.m.) BORNEO.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera nodosa TRUE TRUE FALSEnodosa. Tetraponera nodosa Ward, 2001: 639, figs. 75, 83 (w.) BORNEO.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera pilosa TRUE TRUE FALSEpilosa. Pseudomyrma pilosa Smith, F. 1858b: 160 (w.) BORNEO. Forel, 1915a: 23 (q.); Viehmeyer, 1916a: 117 (m.). Combination in Sima: Emery, 1887b: 449; in Tetraponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 65. Senior synonym of nicobarensis: Ward, 2001: 648.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera polita TRUE TRUE FALSEpolita. Tetraponera polita Ward, 2001: 640, figs. 70, 78 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Vollenhovia hewitti TRUE TRUE FALSEhewitti. Vollenhovia hewitti Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 82 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Vollenhovia penetrans TRUE TRUE FALSEpenetrans. Atta penetrans Smith, F. 1857a: 77 (q.) BORNEO. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Dalla Torre, 1893: 104; in Vollenhovia: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 450.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Vollenhovia rufiventris TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
rufiventris. Vollenhovia rufiventris Forel, 1901e: 374 (w.) BORNEO. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 130 (q.m.). Combination in Monomorium: Emery, 1914f: 407 (footnote); in Heteromyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; in Vollenhovia: Viehmeyer, 1916a: 130; Ettershank, 1966: 150. [Vollenhovia rufiventris Emery, 1900d: 680. Nomen nudum, attributed to Forel.] Current subspecies: nominal plus simalurana. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 79.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Vollenhovia oblonga rufescens TRUE TRUE FALSErufescens. Vollenhovia laevithorax var. rufescens Emery, 1894a: 69 (w.) BORNEO. Currently subspecies of oblonga: Forel, 1913k: 64; Forel, 1915a: 25.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Vollenhovia banksi kuchingensis TRUE TRUE FALSEkuchingensis. Vollenhovia banksi subsp. kuchingensis Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 83 (w.q.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Vombisidris dryas TRUE TRUE FALSEdryas. Vombisidris dryas Bolton, 1991: 7, fig. 8 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Vombisidris harpeza TRUE TRUE FALSEharpeza. Vombisidris harpeza Bolton, 1991: 7, fig. 5 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Vombisidris regina TRUE TRUE FALSEregina. Vombisidris regina Bolton, 1991: 6, figs. 1, 2 (w.) BORNEO.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Vombisidris xylochos TRUE TRUE FALSExylochos. Vombisidris xylochos Bolton, 1991: 7, figs. 10, 11 (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus bruneiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbruneiensis. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) bruneiensis Viehmeyer, 1922: 217 (w.) BRUNEI.
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis bombycina TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
bombycina. Formica bombycina Roger, 1859: 232, pl. 7, fig. 1 (s.w.q.m.) LIBYA. Combination in Cataglyphis: Mayr, 1862: 701; in Myrmecocystus: Emery, 1891b: 17; in Cataglyphis: Emery, 1912f: 98; in C. (Machaeromyrma): Santschi, 1929b: 30. Senior synonym of phaeogaster: Dalla Torre, 1893: 217; Agosti, 1990b: 1484; of lucasi: Cagniant, 2006: 194. Current subspecies: nominal plus bruneipes, sinaitica.
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis bombycina bruneipes TRUE TRUE FALSEbruneipes. Myrmecocystus (Cataglyphis) bombycinus var. bruneipes Santschi, 1911i: 287 (w.) TUNISIA. Combination in Cataglyphis: Emery, 1925b: 267.
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontomachus haematodus TRUE TRUE FALSEhaematodus. Formica haematoda Linnaeus, 1758: 582 (q.) "America meridionali". Emery, 1899c: 5 (l.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 646 (l.). Combination in Odontomachus: Latreille, 1804: 179. Senior synonym of maxillosa: Retzius, 1783: 75; Olivier, 1792: 502; Latreille, 1802c: 192; of hirsutiusculus: Roger, 1863b: 22; Brown, 1976a: 104; of pallipes and material of the unavailable name bruneipes referred here: Brown, 1976a: 104.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole merimbun TRUE TRUE FALSEmerimbun. Pheidole merimbun Eguchi, 2001b: 79, fig. 29 (s.w.) BRUNEI.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis muara TRUE TRUE FALSEmuara. Polyrhachis muara Kohout, 2009a: 13, figs. 3, 4 (w.) BRUNEI.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex albipes TRUE TRUE FALSEalbipes. Formica (Tapinoma) albipes Smith, F. 1861b: 38 (w.) INDONESIA (Sulawesi). Forel, 1891b: 98 (q.); Forel, 1908a: 21 (ergatoid m.); Karavaiev, 1926d: 441 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 205 (l.); Crozier, 1969: 245 (k.). Combination in Tapinoma: Mayr, 1863: 455; in Technomyrmex: Emery, 1888d: 392. Senior synonym of nigrum: Mayr, 1872: 147; Mayr, 1876: 83; of albitarse: Emery, 1893f: 249; of bruneipes, detorquens, forticulus, wedda: Bolton, 2007a: 68.
Dolichoderinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 28 genera, 692 species, 130 subspecies
Fossil: 16 genera, 103 species
Dolichoderidae Forel, 1878: 364. Type-genus: Dolichoderus.
Taxonomic history
Dolichoderinae as family: Emery, 1894g: 378 [Dolichoderidae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 384 [Dolichoderidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 94 [Dolichoderidae]; Bernard, 1951: 1071 [Dolichoderidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 255 [Dolichoderidae].
Dolichoderinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1882a: 127 [Dolichoderidae].
Dolichoderinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Forel, 1878: 364 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Nasonov, 1889: 26 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1892j: 220 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1893a: 165; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Forel, 1895b: 107 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery, 1895j: 771 [subfamily spelled Dolichoderini]; Emery, 1896e: 186; Forel, 1899c: 98; Bingham, 1903: 288; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 2; Arnold, 1915: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 71; Wheeler, 1915g: 811 [Dolichoderides]; Arnold, 1915: 143; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 178; Forel, 1917: 247; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Dolichoderini]; Bondroit, 1918: 86 [Dolichoderitae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 199; Borgmeier, 1923: 80; Karavaiev, 1936: 163; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 833; Clark, 1951: 16; Brown, 1954e: 29; Kempf, 1972a: 266; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 41; Brown, 1973b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Dolichoderinae as formicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 18, 80.
Dolichoderinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102.
Dolichoderinae as formicoid dolichoderomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007a: 556.
Tribes (extant) of Dolichoderinae: Bothriomyrmecini, Dolichoderini, Leptomyrmecini, Tapinomini.
Tribes (extinct) incertae sedis in Dolichoderinae: †Miomyrmecini, †Zherichiniini.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Dolichoderinae: †Alloiomma, †Asymphylomyrmex, †Elaeomyrmex, †Elaphrodites, †Eldermyrmex, †Emplastus, †Eotapinoma, †Eurymyrmex, †Kotshkorkia, †Leptomyrmula, †Miomyrmex, †Petraeomyrmex, †Proiridomyrmex, †Protazteca, †Zherichinius.
Subfamily Dolichoderinae and tribes references, world
Forel, 1878: 364, 380 (diagnosis, genera); Dalla Torre, 1893: 156 (catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 771 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896e: 186 (genera key); Handlirsch, 1907: 869 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142 (diagnosis); Emery, 1913a: 2, 6 (diagnosis, tribe key, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 17 (Tapinomini diagnosis, genera key, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 144, (diagnosis); Gallardo, 1916a: 3 (diagnosis); Forel, 1917: 247 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 136 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 199, 687, 688 (diagnosis, tribe key, Tapinomini genera key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 127 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 29 (phylogeny); Pavan, 1955: 135 (gastral organs); Eisner, 1957: 453 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967: 246 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 118 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 41 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 169 (genera & distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 61 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 401 (synoptic classification); Dazzini Valcurone & Fanfani, 1985: 1 (gastral glands); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 173 (Dufour's gland); Billen, 1987: 278 (abdominal glands); Baroni Urbani & Wilson, 1987: 1 (†fossil Leptomyrmecini); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 316 (phylogeny); Shattuck, 1992b: 199 (higher classification, phylogeny); Shattuck, 1992c: 20 (revision of subfamily, genera key); Shattuck, 1994: 3 (catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 22 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Shattuck, 1995: 217 (phylogeny, genera); Bolton, 1995a: 1038 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 10 (catalogue); Wenseleers, Schoeters, et al., 1998: 121 (cloacal gland); Brandão, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1999: 411 (phylogeny, genera); Chiotis, Jermiin & Crozier, 2000: 108 (phylogeny, genera); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 416 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Bolton, 2003: 18, 80 (diagnosis, synopsis); Dubovikov, 2005a: 91 (tribes of Dolichoderinae); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 342 (phylogeny, tribe-rank classification).
Regional and national faunas with keys
André, 1882a: 127 (Europe & Algeria); Nasonov, 1889: 50 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 9 (Madagascar genera); Forel, 1895e: 460 (India & Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903: 288 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 102 (Russian Empire); Bondroit, 1910: 488 (Belgium); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 560 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 77 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 34 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 40 (Switzerland); Arnold, 1915: 145 (South Africa); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 178 (Britain); Gallardo, 1916a: 12 (Argentina); Emery, 1916b: 208 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 589 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 86 (France & Belgium); Gallardo, 1919b: 253 (Argentina genera); Soudek, 1922: 58 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 117 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927c: 271 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 199 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 172 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933b: 600 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 90 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1936: 164 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 861 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 209 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941: 94 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 94 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 370 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 309 (U.S.A. males); Buren, 1944a: 290 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 592 (U.S.A. genera); Creighton, 1950a: 330 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 27 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 29 (New Zealand); Kusnezov, 1959: 40 (Neotropical genera); Gregg, 1963: 341 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 149 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Bernard, 1967: 246 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 17 (Polynesia); Bolton, 1973a: 329 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Boven, 1970b: 24 (Netherlands); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 90 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 118 (Kyrghyzstan); Boven, 1977: 123 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 170 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 546 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 80 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 32 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 28 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 420 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 443 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 80 (Neotropical genera); Gösswald, 1985: 314 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 242 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 55 (U.S.A., Nevada); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 278 (Balkans); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 168 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 152 (Far Eastern Russia); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al., 1991: 2 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 49 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 147 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 70 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 115 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 331 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 359 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 161 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 40 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 20 (Portugal); Kim & Kim, 1999: 18 (Korea); Shattuck, 1999: 26, 64 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 59 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 149 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 134 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 54 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 425 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 221 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 239 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 186 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 102 (U.S.A., Ohio); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 147 (North and Central Europe); Fisher, 2009: 51 (Malagasy genera); Terayama, 2009: 196 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 28 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 14 (Benelux); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011: 7 (Malagasy males key).
Formicinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 49 genera, 2,831 species, 839 subspecies
Fossil: 29 genera, 193 species, 1 subspecies
Formicariae Latreille, 1809: 124. Type-genus: Formica.
Taxonomic history
Formicinae as group name: Latreille, 1809: 124 [Formicariae]; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 197 [Formicites]; Nylander, 1846a: 877 [Formicae].
Formicinae as family: Smith, F. 1858b: 1 [Formicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 36 [Formicidae]; Smith, 1871a: 302 [Formicidae]; André, 1882a: 125 [Formicidae]; Saunders, 1896: 18 [Formicidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 97 [Formicidae]; Bernard, 1951: 1073 [Formicidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 256 [Formicidae].
Formicinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1874: 167 [Formicidae].
Formicinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Mayr, 1855: 286, 299 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 21 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 651 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 24 [Formicidae]; Forel, 1870: 307 [Formicidae]; Forel, 1874: 21 [Formicidae]; Emery, 1877a: 70 [Formicidae]; André, 1881b: 54 [Formicidae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 17 [Formicitae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 210; Emery, 1925b: 2; Karavaiev, 1936: 172; Clark, 1951: 16; Brown, 1954e: 29; Kempf, 1972a: 266; Brown, 1973b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Formicinae as formicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 20, 93.
Formicinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102.
Formicinae as formicoid formicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007a: 556.
Tribes of Formicinae: Camponotini, Formicini, Gesomyrmecini, Gigantiopini, Lasiini, Melophorini, Myrmecorhynchini, Myrmoteratini, Notostigmatini, Oecophyllini, Plagiolepidini.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Formicinae: †Camponotites, †Drymomyrmex, †Imhoffia, †Kyromyrma, †Leucotaphus, †Protrechina, †Zhangidris.
Hong (2002) genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Formicinae: †Curtipalpulus, †Eoleptocerites, †Eurytarsites, †Fushuniformica, †Huaxiaformica, †Leptogasteritus, †Liaoformica, †Longiformica, †Magnogasterites, †Orbicapitia, †Ovalicapito, †Ovaligastrula, †Sinoformica, †Sinotenuicapito, †Wilsonia (unresolved junior homonym).
Subfamily Formicinae references, world
Mayr, 1862: 651 (genera key); Mayr, 1865: 6 (diagnosis); Handlirsch, 1907: 859 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 171 (catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 772 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896e: 187 (genera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143 (diagnosis); Forel, 1912i: 88 (tribes key); Forel, 1917: 248 (synoptic classification); Arnold, 1920a: 551 (diagnosis); Forel, 1921c: 139 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 210, 691 (diagnosis, tribes key); Emery, 1925b: 2 (diagnosis, tribe key, catalogue); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 127 (venation, phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 465 (proventriculus morphology); Hung & Brown, 1966: 198 (gastric apex, structure); Bernard, 1967: 267 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 120 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 41 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 169 (genera, distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 62 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 402 (synoptic classification); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 173 (Dufour's gland); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 (synoptic classification, genera keys); Agosti, 1991: 295 (genus group diagnoses); Shattuck, 1992b: 201 (phylogeny); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 42 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1039 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 11 (catalogue); Wenseleers, Schoeters, et al. 1998: 121 (cloacal gland); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 417 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Bolton, 2003: 20, 93 (diagnosis, synopsis); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny).
Regional and national faunas with keys
Mayr, 1855: 299 (Austria); Mayr, 1861: 25 (Europe); Mayr, 1868c: 25 (†Baltic Amber); André, 1874: 167 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 22 (Switzerland); Saunders, E. 1880: 203 (Britain); André, 1882a: 126 (Europe & Algeria); Provancher, 1887: 225 (Canada); Cresson, 1887: 94 (U.S.A. genera); Nasonov, 1889: 50 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 8 (Madagascar genera); Lameere, 1892: 62 (Belgium); Forel, 1892j: 220 (India & Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903: 308 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 100 (Russian Empire); Wasmann, 1906: 7 (Luxemburg); Bondroit, 1910: 481 (Belgium); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 560 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 80 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 35 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 45 (Switzerland); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 184 (Britain); Emery, 1916b: 216 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 590 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 17 (France & Belgium); Arnold, 1920a: 552 (South Africa); Kutter, 1920b: 134 (Switzerland); Soudek, 1922: 61 (Czechoslovakia); Lomnicki, 1925a: 160 (Poland); Stärcke, 1926: 118, 146 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927c: 273 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 205 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 172 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933b: 601 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 90 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1936: 173 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 865 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 230 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941: 97 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 97 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 373 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 309 (U.S.A., males); Buren, 1944a: 292 (U.S.A., Iowa); Holgersen, 1943b: 173 (Norway); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 599 (U.S.A. genera); Boven, 1947: 181 (Belgium); Creighton, 1950a: 355 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 31 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 42 (New Zealand); Boven, 1959: 11 (Netherlands); Gregg, 1963: 447 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 160 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Collingwood, 1964: 104 (Britain); Bernard, 1967: 268 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 17 (Polynesia); Boven, 1970b: 26 (Netherlands); Kempf, 1972a: 266 (Neotropical, synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 329 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 104 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 126 (Kyrghyzstan); Boven, 1977: 126 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 183 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 548 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 88 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 85 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 32 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 436 (Malta); Prins, 1983: 8 (Southern Africa genera); Allred, 1982: 444 (U.S.A., Utah); Verhaeghe, Deligne, et al., 1984: 106 (Belgium genera); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 81 (Neotropical genera); Gösswald, 1985: 263 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 273 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 58 (U.S.A., Nevada); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 68 (Norway); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 124 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 162 (Far Eastern Russia); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al., 1991: 10 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 49 (Bulgaria); Shattuck, 1992b: 199 (higher classification, phylogeny); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 150 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 76 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 125 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 332 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 361 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 166 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 41 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 21 (Portugal); Shattuck, 1999: 25, 86 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 68 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 165 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 147 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 54 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 425 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 236 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 242 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 187 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 113 (U.S.A., Ohio); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 150 (North and Central Europe); Terayama, 2009: 202 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 30 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 17 (Benelux).
Myrmicinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 141 genera, 6,087 species, 864 subspecies
Fossil: 31 genera, 130 species
Myrmicites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 169. Type-genus: Myrmica.
Taxonomic history
Myrmicinae as group name: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 169 [Myrmicites]; Nylander, 1846a: 877 [Myrmicae].
Myrmicinae as family: Smith, F. 1851: 4 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 45 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 324 [Myrmicidae]; André, 1882a: 125 [Myrmicidae]; Cresson, 1887: 93 [Myrmicidae]; Emery, 1894g: 383 [Myrmicidae]; Saunders, 1896: 18 [Myrmicidae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [Myrmicidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 71 [Myrmicidae]; Bernard, 1951: 1058 [Myrmicidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 222 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 114 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1874: 167 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Myrmicidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Mayr, 1855: 290, 299 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 21 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1862b: 33 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 738 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 17 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 24 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1870: 307 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1874: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery, 1877a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1878: 367 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; André, 1881b: 64 [Myrmicidae]; Nasonov, 1889: 28 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1891b: 11 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1892j: 220 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1893a: 163; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Emery, 1895j: 768 [subfamily spelled Myrmicini]; Emery, 1896e: 179; Forel, 1899c: 30; Forel, 1902f: 520; Bingham, 1903: 105; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 138; Emery, 1914a: 29; Wheeler, 1915g: 806 [Myrmicides]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 40; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 74; Arnold, 1916: 166; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Myrmicini]; Forel, 1917: 240 [subfamily spelled Myrmicini]; Bondroit, 1918: 14 [Myrmicitae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 124; Emery, 1921f: 3; Karavaiev, 1934: 59; Clark, 1951: 16; Brown, 1954e: 28; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 40; Brown, 1973b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Myrmicinae as myrmicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 52, 182.
Myrmicinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102; Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173.
Myrmicinae as formicoid myrmicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007a: 556.
Tribes of Myrmicinae: Adelomyrmecini, Ankylomyrmini, Attini, Basicerotini, Blepharidattini, Cataulacini, Cephalotini, Crematogastrini, Dacetini, Formicoxenini, Lenomyrmecini, Liomyrmecini, Melissotarsini, Meranoplini, Metaponini, Myrmecinini, Myrmicariini, Myrmicini, Paratopulini, Phalacromyrmecini, Pheidolini, Solenopsidini, Stegomyrmecini, Stenammini, Tetramoriini.
Genera (extant) incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Diaphoromyrma, Tyrannomyrmex.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: †Afromyrma, †Attopsis, †Cephalomyrmex, †Electromyrmex, †Eocenidris, †Eomyrmex, †Fallomyrma, †Miosolenopsis, †Myrmecites, †Solenopsites.
Hong (2002) genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: †Brachytarsites, †Clavipetiola, †Fushunomyrmex, †Orbigastrula, †Quadrulicapito, †Quineangulicapito, †Sinomyrmex, †Sphaerogasterites, †Wumyrmex.
Collective group name in Myrmicinae: †Myrmicites.
Subfamily Myrmicinae references, world
Mayr, 1865: 17 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 91 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 367 (diagnosis); Handlirsch, 1907: 872 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 53 (catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 768 (diagnosis); Emery, 1896e: 179 (genera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 138 (diagnosis); Emery, 1912b: 101 (phylogeny); Emery, 1914a: 34 (phylogeny, tribe key); Arnold, 1916: 164 (diagnosis); Forel, 1917: 240 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 139 (diagnosis); Emery, 1921f: 3 (diagnosis, tribes & genera key, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 124, 655 (diagnosis, tribes key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 126 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 28 (phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 477 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967: 93 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 99 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 40 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 166 (genera, distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 52 (larvae, review & synthesis); Kugler, C. 1978a: 413 (sting structure); Kugler, C. 1978b: 267 (pygidial glands); Kugler, C. 1979c: 117 (sting, evolution); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 393 (synoptic classification); Caetano, F.H. 1984: 257 (digestive tract, morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 167 (Dufour's gland); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 onward (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 75 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1040 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 13 (catalogue); Hashimoto, 1996: 354 (phylogenetic position); Baroni Urbani, 2000: 480 (phylogeny); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 422 (diagnosis for wingless fossils); Bolton, 2003: 52, 182 (diagnosis, synopsis); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Ward, 2007a: 556 (classification).
Regional and national faunas with keys
Mayr, 1855: 391 (Austria); Mayr, 1861: 29 (Europe); Mayr, 1868c: 79 (†Baltic Amber); André, 1874: 171 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 29 (Switzerland); Saunders, E. 1880: 213 (Britain); André, 1882c: 256 (Europe & Algeria); Cresson, 1887: 98 (U.S.A. genera); Provancher, 1887: 243 (Canada); Nasonov, 1889: 54 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 11 (Madagascar genera); Lameere, 1892: 66 (Belgium); Forel, 1902f: 520 (India & Sri Lanka genera); Bingham, 1903: 105 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 103 (Russian Empire); Wasmann, 1906: 13 (Luxemburg); Bondroit, 1910: 490 (Belgium); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 558 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 55 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 32 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 8 (Switzerland); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 74 (Britain); Arnold, 1916: 166, 170 (South Africa tribes, genera); Emery, 1916b: 112 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 90 (France & Belgium); Kutter, 1920b: 144 (Switzerland); Soudek, 1922: 20 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 84 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927c: 256 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 77 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 170 (Dominican Republic); Gallardo, 1932b: 91 (Argentina, tribes); Arnol'di, 1933b: 596 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 88 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1934: 60 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 829 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 63 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941: 71 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 71 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 360 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 291 (U.S.A., males); Holgersen, 1943b: 166 (Norway); Holgersen, 1944: 198 (Norway); Buren, 1944a: 281 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 543 (U.S.A. genera); Boven, 1947: 170 (Belgium); Creighton, 1950a: 83 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 15 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 25 (New Zealand); Boven, 1959: 7 (Netherlands); Gregg, 1963: 288 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 92 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Collingwood, 1964: 94 (Britain); Bernard, 1967: 95 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 13 (Polynesia); Boven, 1970b: 9 (Netherlands); Kempf, 1972a: 263 (Neotropical, synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 325 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 70 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 19 (Kyrghyzstan); Boven, 1977: 69 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 31 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 524 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 75 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 36 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 20 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 423 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 438 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 76 (Neotropical genera); Verhaeghe, Deligne, et al. 1984: 112 (Belgium genera); Gösswald, 1985: 289 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 245 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 20 (U.S.A., Nevada); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 57 (Norway); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 265 (Balkans); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 181 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 89 (Far Eastern Russia); Ogata, 1991b: 61 (Japan genera); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 1 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 51 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 153 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 15 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 57 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 327 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 308 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 108 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 43 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 10 (Portugal); Shattuck, 1999: 39, 122 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 37 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 69 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 135 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 55 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 424 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 58 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 244 (Neotropical genera and synopsis); Coovert, 2005: 32 (U.S.A., Ohio); Radchenko, 2005b: 184 (North Korea); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 110 (North and Central Europe); Terayama, 2009: 131 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 36 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 46 (Benelux); Eguchi, Bui & Yamane, 2011: 8 (Vietnam genera).
Ponerinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 27 genera, 1,033 species, 155 subspecies
Fossil: 9 genera, 68 species, 2 subspecies
Ponerites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185. Type-genus: Ponera.
Taxonomic history
Ponerinae as group name: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185 [Ponérites].
Ponerinae as family: Smith, F. 1851: 6 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1858b: 76 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 44 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 320 [Poneridae]; André, 1882a: 125 [Poneridae]; Cresson, 1887: 93 [Poneridae]; Emery, 1894g: 379 [Poneridae]; Saunders, 1896: 18 [Poneridae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [Poneridae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 70 [Poneridae]; Bernard, 1951: 1042 [Poneridae]; Bernard, 1953b: 185 [Poneridae].
Ponerinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1874: 167 [Poneridae].
Ponerinae as subfamily of Poneridae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ponerinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Mayr, 1855: 289, 299 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1861: 21 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 712 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 64 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1862b: 31 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 11 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1868c: 24 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1870: 307 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1874: 21 [Poneridae]; Emery, 1877a: 70 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1878: 366 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; André, 1881b: 64 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1892j: 220 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13; Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 111 [Poneridae]; Nasonov, 1889: 27 [Poneridae]; Emery, 1895j: 766 [subfamily spelled Ponerini]; Emery, 1896e: 176; Forel, 1899c: 2; Emery, 1901a: 36; Bingham, 1903: 23; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 2; Wheeler, 1915g: 805 [Ponerides]; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 25; Arnold, 1915: 9; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Ponerini]; Forel, 1917: 235; Bondroit, 1918: 78 [Poneritae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 56, 632, 640; Borgmeier, 1923: 37; Karavaiev, 1934: 49; Clark, 1951: 15; Brown, 1954e: 24; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 39; Brown, 1973b: 165; all subsequent authors.
Ponerinae as poneromorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 42, 156.
Ponerinae as poneroid subfamily of Formicidae: Ouellette, Fisher, et al. 2006: 365; Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Moreau, Bell et al. 2006: 102; Ward, 2007a: 555.
Tribes of Ponerinae: Platythyreini, Ponerini, Thaumatomyrmecini.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Ponerinae: †Afropone, †Eogorgites, †Eoponerites, †Furcisutura, †Longicapitia.
Subfamily Ponerinae references, world
Smith, F. 1858b: 76 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1862: 712 (genera key); Mayr, 1865: 11 (Odontomachidae, Poneridae diagnoses), Mayr, 1867a: 79, 81 (Odontomachidae, Poneridae diagnoses); Forel, 1878: 366 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 13 (world catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 766 (diagnosis); Emery, 1896e: 176 (genera key); Handlirsch, 1907: 879 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911d: 3 (diagnosis, tribes key); Forel, 1917: 235 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 133 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 56, 636 (diagnosis, tribes key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 124 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 24 (phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 475 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967: 79 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 25 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 39 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 165 (genera, distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 48 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 387 (synoptic classification); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 168 (Dufour's gland); Fanfani & Dazzini Valcurone, 1986: 115 (exocrine glands synopsis); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 onward (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 153 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1042 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 14 (catalogue); Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter, 1997: 20 (†Cretaceous genera); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 422 (diagnosis for wingless fossils); Bolton, 2003: 42, 156 (diagnosis, synopsis); Ouellette, Fisher et al. 2006: 359 (phylogeny); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Ward, 2007a: 555 (classification).
.
Regional and national faunas with keys
Mayr, 1861: 28 (Europe); Mayr, 1868c: 69 (†Baltic Amber); André, 1874: 170 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 29 (Switzerland); André, 1882b: 227 (Europe & Algeria); Cresson, 1887: 97 (U.S.A., genera); Provancher, 1887: 238 (Canada); Nasonov, 1889: 54 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 9 (Madagascar genera); Forel, 1900c: 52 (India & Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903: 23 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 108 (Russian Empire); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 557 (North America genera); Bondroit, 1910: 489 (Belgium); Stitz, 1914: 54 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 31 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 6 (Switzerland); Arnold, 1915: 10 (South Africa); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 65 (Britain); Emery, 1916b: 98 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 580 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 79 (France & Belgium); Gallardo, 1918b: 4 (Argentina); Soudek, 1922: 18 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 82 (Netherlands); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 68 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 169 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933b: 596 (Russia); Karavaiev, 1934: 50 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 823 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 58 (Germany); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 278 (U.S.A. males); Buren, 1944a: 279 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 530 (U.S.A. genera); Creighton, 1950a: 31 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 11 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 11 (New Zealand); Gregg, 1963: 280 (U.S.A., Colorado); Bernard, 1967: 80 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 10 (Polynesia); Kempf, 1972a: 262 (Neotropical synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 323 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Boven, 1977: 66 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 21 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 522 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 74 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 29 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 14 (South Australia genera); Francoeur, 1979: 30 (Canada, Québec); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 417 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 438 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 75 (Neotropical genera); Collingwood, 1985: 236 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 17 (U.S.A., Nevada); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264 (Balkans); Ogata, 1987: 101 (Japan genera); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 8 (Japan); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 173 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 85 (Far Eastern Russia); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 51 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 166 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 10 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 31 (China genera); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 308 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 107 (Central Europe); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 10 (Portugal); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 145 (Korea); Shattuck, 1999: 52, 179 (Australia genera synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 19 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 22 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 133 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 53 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 436 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 27 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Csösz, 2003: 147 (Carpathian Basin); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 256 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 184 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 23 (U.S.A., Ohio); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2007: 27 (Malagasy genera, males); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 108 (North and Central Europe); Bolton & Fisher, 2008c: 32 (Afrotropical genera); Fernández & Arias-Penna, 2008: 32 (Neotropical genera); Dlussky, 2009: 1071 (Eocene amber); Terayama, 2009: 101 (Taiwan genera); Heterick, 2009: 34 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 68 (Benelux).
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Bothriomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE34 species, 11 subspecies
Bothriomyrmex Emery, 1869c: 117. Type-species: Bothriomyrmex costae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bothriomyrmex in Formicinae: André, 1881b: 64 [Formicidae].
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 380 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 170; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1895e: 469; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 27; Forel, 1917: 248; Bondroit, 1918: 88; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 689; all subsequent authors to the following.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 54; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 84.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Iridomyrmecini, Bothriomyrmecina: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Bothriomyrmecini: Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Genus Bothriomyrmex references
Forel, 1878: 380 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 218 (Europe & Algeria species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 170 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 469 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 305 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 27 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690 (subgenera key); Emery, 1925e: 5 (European and Oriental species); Kratochvíl, 1941: 96 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 96 (Central Europe species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 187 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 260 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kutter, 1977c: 175 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 548 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 87 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Gösswald, 1985: 316 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 92 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 8 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans species key); Shattuck, 1992c: 54 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1994: 31 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 80 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 119 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 163 (Central Europe species key); Shattuck, 1999: 66 (Australia synopsis); Seifert, 2007: 148 (North and Central Europe species key).
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 122 species, 21 subspecies
Fossil: 53 species
Dolichoderus Lund, 1831a: 130. Type-species: Formica attelaboides, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dolichoderus in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 75.
Dolichoderus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae].
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 386 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Forel, 1895b: 107 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1895e: 462; Forel, 1899c: 98; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 77; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of DOLICHODERUS
Hypoclinea Mayr, 1855: 377 (attributed to Foerster). Type-species: Formica quadripunctata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 165.
Taxonomic history
Hypoclinea in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 57.
Hypoclinea in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 377 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 40 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 53 [Formicidae]; André, 1874: 168 [Formicidae].
Hypoclinea in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Hypoclinea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 18; Forel, 1917: 247; all subsequent authors.
Hypoclinea as genus: Mayr, 1855: 377; Mayr, 1865: 9; Mayr, 1868c: 53; Mayr, 1870b: 953; Smith, 1871a: 310; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Kempf, 1972a: 118; Lattke, 1987b: 259; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Mackay & Vinson, 1989b: 17; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 120.
Hypoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 234; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 77; Forel, 1917: 247; Borgmeier, 1923: 84; Clark, 1930b: 252; McAreavey, 1949: 17; Creighton, 1950a: 331; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 182; Kusnezov, 1956: 28; Kusnezov, 1959: 50; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1415; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 154.
Hypoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Bingham, 1903: 291; Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Mackay, 1993b: 6; Shattuck, 1994: 39; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 31; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Monacis Roger, 1862a: 233. Type-species: Formica bispinosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167.
Taxonomic history
Monacis in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Monacis in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 9; Forel, 1917: 247; all subsequent authors.
Monacis as genus: Roger, 1862a: 233; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Brown, 1950e: 249; Kempf, 1959b: 227; Kempf, 1972a: 141; Kempf, 1972c: 253; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Mackay & Vinson, 1989b: 20; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17.
Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 228; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 9; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; Borgmeier, 1923: 81; Kusnezov, 1956: 27; Kusnezov, 1959: 50.
Monacis as junior synonym of Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1862: 704.
Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Mackay, 1993b: 6; Shattuck, 1994: 39; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 35; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Monoceratoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) monoceros, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Monoceratoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68.
Monoceratoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17.
Monoceratoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 35; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Diceratoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus scabridus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Diceratoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 181.
Diceratoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249.
Diceratoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 26; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Acanthoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus doriae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Acanthoclinea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618.
Acanthoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69.
Acanthoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249.
Acanthoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 18; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Karawajewella Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926d: 424; junior homonym of Diabolus Gray, J.E. 1841: 400 (Mammalia).]
Karawajewella as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 39, 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 32; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Homonym replaced by Karawajewella
Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926d: 424 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Diabolus) bifurcatus (junior synonym of Dolichoderus cuspidatus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Diabolus Karavaiev junior homonym of Diabolus Gray, J.E. 1841: 400 (Mammalia).]
Diabolus as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68.
Genus Dolichoderus references
Roger, 1863b: 10, 14, 15 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea, Monacis catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 407, 423 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 9 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 75 (Hypoclinea diagnosis); Mayr, 1868c: 54 (†Baltic Amber species key); Mayr, 1870b: 955 (Hypoclinea species key); Mayr, 1876: 79 (Australia species key); André, 1882b: 225 (Europe & Algeria species); Mayr, 1886d: 435 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 156 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 462 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 292 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1905d: 306 (North America species key); Emery, 1913a: 7 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 9, 10 (D. (Monacis), D. (Hypoclinea), catalogues); Mann, 1916: 460 (Brazil D. (Dolichoderus) species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688 (subgenera key); Clark, 1930b: 253 (Australia D. (Hypoclinea) species key); Creighton, 1950a: 333 (North America D. (Hypoclinea) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 181 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1959b: 230 (Monacis, all species revision, key); Wheeler, J. 1963: 149 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 249 (diagnosis); Kempf, 1969: 292 (Neotropical D. (Dolichoderus) species key); Kempf, 1972a: 98, 118, 141 (Neotropical Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea, Monacis, catalogues); Kempf, 1972c: 253 (Monacis species, additions to 1959a key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1415 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 24 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Harada, 1987: 602 (Monacis species key); Lattke, 1987b: 263 (Neotropical D. bispinosus group, key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Johnson, 1989a: 5 (U.S.A. species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 340, 347, 356 (Neotropical catalogue); Shattuck, 1992c: 66 (diagnosis, review of genus); Mackay, 1993b: 17 (New World, all species revision, key); Radchenko, 1994b: 112 (South Siberia species key); Shattuck, 1994: 39 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 172 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 120 (China species key); Xu, 1995a: 34 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 68 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001b: 356 (China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 153 (China, Guangxi species key); Dill, 2002: 21, 30 (southeast Asia species groups key, D. cuspidatus group revision, key); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 416 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Dlussky, 2002b: 54 (Baltic & Rovno amber species); Dlussky, 2008b: 509 (Europe Eocene amber species key); Heterick, 2009: 45 (south-western Australia species key).
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Iridomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 79 species
Fossil:
Iridomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 653 (diagnosis in key), 702. Type-species: Formica detecta (junior synonym of Formica purpurea), by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 297.
Taxonomic history
Iridomyrmex in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 10 [Formicidae].
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 381 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 168; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1899c: 102; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 86; Arnold, 1915: 145; Forel, 1917: 248; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 689; Carpenter, 1930: 50; all subsequent authors; Jaffe, 1993: 9 (anachronism).
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 101; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 88.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Iridomyrmecini, Iridomyrmecina: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Leptomyrmecini: Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 362.
Genus Iridomyrmex references
Roger, 1863b: 13 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 10 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 76 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 381 (diagnosis); Cresson, 1887: 257 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 168 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 467 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 298 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 21 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 145 (diagnosis); Creighton, 1950a: 341 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 188 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 250 (diagnosis); Kempf, 1972a: 124 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1417 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 96 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 30 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Shattuck, 1992a: 14 (diagnosis); Shattuck, 1992c: 101 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1993a: 118 (I. purpureus group, key); Shattuck, 1993b: 1306 (I. calvus group, key); Shattuck, 1994: 99 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 217 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1996a: 37 (I. discors group); Shattuck, 1998: 303 (I. conifer group, key); Shattuck, 1999: 72 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2009: 48 (south-western Australia species key); Heterick & Shattuck, 2011: 22 (diagnosis, all species revision, key).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 64 species, 26 subspecies
Fossil: 4 species
Tapinoma Foerster, 1850a: 43. Type-species: Tapinoma collina (junior synonym of Formica erratica), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tapinoma in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 55.
Tapinoma in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 372 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 41 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 10 [Formicidae]; André, 1874: 168 [Formicidae]; André, 1881b: 63 [Formicidae].
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 385 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1895b: 109 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 164; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1899c: 101; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 38; Arnold, 1915: 152; Forel, 1917: 248; Bondroit, 1918: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; subsequent authors except those below; then Jaffe, 1993: 9; Dubovikov, 2005a: 91 (implied); Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91.
Junior synonyms of TAPINOMA
Micromyrma Dufour, 1857: 60. Type-species: Micromyrma pygmaea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica erratica, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167.]
Micromyrma as subgenus of Tapinoma: Menozzi, 1925a: 19; Santschi, 1928e: 472; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 192.
Micromyrma as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Mayr, 1863: 455; Forel, 1878: 385; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454; Dalla Torre, 1893: 164; Emery, 1913a: 38; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 923; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 837; Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 65.
Semonius Forel, 1910f: 21. Type-species: Semonius schultzei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Semonius in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Semonius in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 44; Arnold, 1915: 157; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; all subsequent authors.
Semonius as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Pseudaphomomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Aphomomyrmex emeryi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Dimorphomyrmecini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 721.
Pseudaphomomyrmex incertae sedis in Formicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Myrmelachistini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Bolton, 1994: 50.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258; Bolton, 2003: 106.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: LaPolla & Longino, 2006: 305.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as junior synonym of Aphomomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 44; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 721.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 1995b: 369; Bolton, 2003: 106.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Zatapinoma Wheeler, W.M. 1928a: 20. Type-species: Zatapinoma annandalei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Zatapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737; all subsequent authors.
Zatapinoma as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Neoclystopsenella Kurian, 1955: 133. Type-species: Neoclystopsenella luffae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Neoclystopsenella in Bethylidae: Kurian, 1955: 133.
Neoclystopsenella in Dolichoderinae: Brown, 1988a: 337.
Neoclystopsenella as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Brown, 1988a: 337; Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Genus Tapinoma references
Mayr, 1855: 372 (diagnosis); Smith, F. 1858b: 55 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 13, 14 (Tapinoma, Micromyrma catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 10 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 78 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 222 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 164 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 304 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 38 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 44 (Semonius diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 152, 157 (diagnosis, South Africa species key, Semonius diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695 (Pseudaphomomyrmex diagnosis, in key). Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 923, 927 (Afrotropical Tapinoma, Semonius catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1034 (Malagasy catalogue); Emery, 1925d: 63 (Palaearctic species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 33 (Turkestan species key); Smith, M.R. 1928a: 311 (North America species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 79 (Czechoslovakia species key); Creighton, 1950a: 352 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 192, 196 (Asia Semonius, Tapinoma, Zatapinoma checklists); Bernard, 1967: 254 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Boven, 1970b: 24 (Netherlands species key); Kempf, 1972a: 246 (Neotropical catalogue); Tarbinsky, 1976: 118 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Kutter, 1977c: 178 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 547 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 87 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1421 (North America catalogue); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 421 (Malta species key); Gösswald, 1985: 317 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 106 (Australia catalogue); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans species key); Taylor, 1987a: 77 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 168 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 380 (Neotropical catalogue); Shattuck, 1992c: 146 (diagnosis, review of genus); Arakelian, 1994: 72 (Armenia species key); Shattuck, 1994: 140 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 399 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 116 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 360 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 165 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 40 (Britain species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 20 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 81 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 151 (China, Guangxi species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 135 (Poland species key); Seifert, 2007: 149 (North and Central Europe species key); Heterick, 2009: 58 (south-western Australia species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011: 13 (Malagasy males).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 93 species
Fossil: 4 species
Technomyrmex Mayr, 1872: 147. Type-species: Technomyrmex strenuus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Technomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 380 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 166; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Technomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 42; Arnold, 1915: 147; Forel, 1917: 248; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; subsequent authors except those below; then Jaffe, 1993: 9; Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Technomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 153; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 92.
Junior synonyms of TECHNOMYRMEX
Engramma Forel, 1905b: 180. Type-species: Engramma lujae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Engramma in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Engramma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 38; Forel, 1917: 248; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; all subsequent authors.
Engramma as junior synonym of Technomyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 153; Shattuck, 1994: 156; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 92; Bolton, 2007a: 4.
Tapinoptera Santschi, 1925g: 348 [as subgenus of Tapinoma]. Type-species: Tapinoma vexatum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tapinoptera as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91.
Tapinoptera as junior synonym of Technomyrmex: Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66 (in text); Bolton, 2007a: 4.
Aphantolepis Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 44. Type-species: Aphantolepis quadricolor, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Aphantolepis in Formicinae, Lasiini: Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 44.
Aphantolepis in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 624.
Aphantolepis as junior synonym of Technomyrmex: Brown, 1953h: 5; Shattuck, 1992c: 153; Shattuck, 1994: 156; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 92; Bolton, 2007a: 4.
Genus Technomyrmex references
Forel, 1878: 380 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 166 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 301 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 38 (Engramma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 42 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 147 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 201, 208, 209 (Engramma, Tapinoma, Technomyrmex diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 202 (Engramma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 922, 925 (Afrotropical Engramma, Technomyrmex catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1034 (Malagasy catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 106 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 77 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Shattuck, 1992c: 153 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1994: 156 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 402 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 118 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 360 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 83 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 158 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2007a: 1 (all species revision; Afrotropical & West Palaearctic species key: 13; Malagasy species key: 43; East Palaearctic, Oriental, Malesian & Polynesian species key: 59; Austral species key: 108; New World species key: 119); Fernández & Guerrero, 2008: 110 (New World synopsis, key); Terayama, 2009: 200 (Taiwan species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011: 14 (Malagasy males); Sharaf, et al. 2011: 15 (Arabian Peninsula species key).
Tribes (extinct) incertae sedis in DOLICHODERINAE
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota TRUE TRUE FALSE81 species, 51 subspecies
Lepisiota Santschi, 1926a: 15 [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis rothneyi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Lepisiota first available replacement name for Acantholepis Mayr, 1861 (junior homonym of Acantholepis Kroyer, 1846: 98 (Pisces)), hence valid name of genus: Bolton, 1995b: 33.]
Lepisiota in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 23.
[Lepisiota incorrectly as junior synonym of Acanthomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 181; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 397. In both publications Acanthomyrmex is an error for Acantholepis.]
Junior synonym of LEPISIOTA
Baroniurbania Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990: 4. Unnecessary replacement name for Acantholepis Mayr (junior homonym).
Taxonomic history
Baroniurbania as junior synonym of Lepisiota: Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 102.
Baroniurbania as subgenus of Lepisiota: Dietrich, 2004: 324.
Genus Lepisiota references
[Note. Entries prior to Bolton, 1995b: 44, refer to genus as Acantholepis.]
Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 9 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 378 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 210 (Europe & Algeria species key); Forel, 1892a: 41 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 171 (catalogue); Forel, 1894c: 411 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 315 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1920a: 554 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 214, 934, 1036 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 23 (diagnosis, catalogue); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929c: 480 (Turkestan species key); Finzi, 1936: 188 (Egypt species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 209 (Asia checklist); Collingwood, 1985: 292 (Saudi Arabia species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 281 (Balkans species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 205 (Bulgaria species key); Xu, 1994c: 232 (China species key); Arakelian, 1994: 80 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 226 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 128 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 363 (Saudi Arabia species key); Zhou, 2001b: 167 (China, Guangxi species key).
Homonym replaced by LEPISIOTA
Acantholepis Mayr, 1861: 42. Type-species: Hypoclinea frauenfeldi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Acantholepis Kroyer, 1846: 98 (Pisces)].
Acantholepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 42 [Formicinae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae].
Acantholepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 378 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 171.
Acantholepis in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1886f: 212; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 88; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1920a: 554.
Acantholepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 23; Santschi, 1926a: 15; all subsequent authors except the following.
Acantholepis in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
[Achantilepis Santschi, 1935b: 274, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
[Pseudacantholepis Bernard, 1953b: 256 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Bernard (1953) are all referable to Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 44.]
Extant: 57 species, 19 subspecies
Fossil: 10 species
Plagiolepis Mayr, 1861: 42. Type-species: Formica pygmaea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Plagiolepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 42 [Formicinae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 36 [Formicidae].
Plagiolepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 378 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 172.
Plagiolepis in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1886f: 212; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 88; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 100; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1920a: 578.
Plagiolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 19; Santschi, 1926a: 14; all subsequent authors except the one below; Bolton, 2003: 23, 105.
Plagiolepis in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Junior synonyms of PLAGIOLEPIS
†Rhopalomyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 41. Type-species: †Rhopalomyrmex pygmaeus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Rhopalomyrmex in Formicinae: Mayr, 1868c: 41 [Formicidae].
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 376 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 175.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae, Myrmelachistini: Forel, 1912i: 89.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 103.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 724; Bolton, 1994: 51.
†Rhopalomyrmex as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Dlussky, 1997: 624; Bolton, 2003: 105.
Anacantholepis Santschi, 1914e: 36 [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) decora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Anacantholepis as genus: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 212.
Anacantholepis as subgenus of Plagiolepis: Santschi, 1914e: 36 Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1922: 581; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 22; Bolton, 1994: 51.
Anacantholepis as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Bolton, 2003: 105, 268.
Aporomyrmex Faber, 1969: 52. Type-species: Aporomyrmex ampeloni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Aporomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Faber, 1969: 52 (by implication).
Aporomyrmex as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 51; all subsequent authors.
Paraplagiolepis Faber, 1969: 65 [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis xene, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paraplagiolepis as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 51; all subsequent authors.
Genus Plagiolepis references
Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 442 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 7 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 73 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 376, 378 (†Rhopalomyrmex, Plagiolepis diagnoses); André, 1882b: 208 (Europe & Algeria species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 172, 175 (Plagiolepis, †Rhopalomyrmex, catalogue); Forel, 1894c: 414 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 320 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1920a: 578 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Arnold, 1922: 579 (South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 211, 696, 928, 1035 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 19 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 22 (P. (Anacantholepis) diagnosis, catalogue); Stitz, 1939: 231 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 98 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 98 (Central Europe species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 212, 213 (Asia Anacantholepis, Plagiolepis checklists); Bernard, 1967: 272 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 205 (Neotropical catalogue); Kutter, 1977c: 185 (Switzerland species key); Collingwood, 1978: 89 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1422 (North America, catalogue); Gösswald, 1985: 264 (Germany species key); Collingwood, 1985: 297 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 130 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 55 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 280 (Balkans species key); Radchenko, 1989b: 153 (European former U.S.S.R. species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 161 (Turkmenistan species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1991: 16 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 201 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 78 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 334 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 130 (China species key); Radchenko, 1996a: 178 (Central & Southern Palaearctic species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 362 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 178 (Central Europe species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 22 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 106 (Australia synopsis); Seifert, 2007: 158 (North and Central Europe species key); Terayama, 2009: 213 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 106 (south-western Australia species key); Dlussky, 2010: 72 (Eocene European amber species key).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 19 species, 6 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Prenolepis Mayr, 1861: 52. Type-species: Tapinoma nitens, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 325.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica imparis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1906b: 134, repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 171 and Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 940.]
Prenolepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 52 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 32 [Formicidae].
Prenolepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 377 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 177.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 209.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 103; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 125; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Prenolepidini: Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 117; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1922: 605.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 697; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 219; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 685.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 651; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 224; Stitz, 1939: 379, Kempf, 1972a: 209; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1444; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Jaffe, 1993: 14; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 105.
Genus Prenolepis references
Roger, 1863b: 10 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 451 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 7 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 71 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 947 (all species key); Forel, 1878: 377 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 203 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 257 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 177 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 326 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1910a: 127 (Palaearctic species key); Arnold, 1922: 605 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 216, 697, 940 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 224 (diagnosis, catalogue); Creighton, 1950a: 410 (North America species review); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 219 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 209 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1442 (North America catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 363 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 137 (China species key); Xu, 1995c: 338 (Southern & Eastern Asia species key); Fontenla Rizo, 2000: 81 (Antilles Is species key); Zhou, 2001b: 170 (China, Guangxi species key); Wang, W. & Wu, 2007: 721 (China species key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 129 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 1,058 species, 495 subspecies
Fossil: 31 species
Camponotus Mayr, 1861: 35. Type-species: Formica ligniperda, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 347.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica herculeana, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 259, repeated in Arnold, 1922: 612.]
Camponotus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 35 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 26 [Formicidae].
Camponotus in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 447 [Camponotidae]; Forel, 1892j: 223 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 171.
Camponotus in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 141; Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 101; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 130; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 138; Forel, 1917: 250; Arnold, 1922: 610.
Camponotus in Formicinae, Camponotini: Bondroit, 1918: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 703; Emery, 1925b: 59; all subsequent authors except the following.
Camponotus in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Camponotus as subgenus of Formica: Smith, F. 1871a: 306.
Camponotus as genus: all authors except the entry above.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS
†Paleosminthurus Pierce & Gibron, 1962: 146. Type-species: †Paleosminthurus juliae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Paleosminthurus in Collembola, family †Paleosminthuridae: Pierce & Gibron, 1962: 146.
†Paleosminthurus incertae sedis in Formicidae: Najt, 1987: 152.
†Paleosminthurus incertae sedis in Formicinae: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
†Paleosminthurus in †Paleosmithurinae: Bolton, 1994: 187 [provisional subfamily status]; Bolton, 1995b: 14, 311; Bolton, 2003: 76, 263.
†Paleosminthurus as junior synonym of Camponotus: Snelling (pers. comm., 2004). [Synonymy remained unpublished at his death in 2008.]
†Shanwangella Zhang, 1989: 307. Type-species: †Shanwangella palaeoptera, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Shanwangella as junior synonym of Camponotus: Hong & Wu, 2000: 20.
Subgenera of CAMPONOTUS include the nominal plus the following.
All the subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Camponotus by Brown, 1973b: 179 - 185. Brown's list was repeated in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18 but with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms; subgeneric status was reinstated in Bolton, 1994: 50. These consecutive entries are not repeated individually below.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (COLOBOPSIS)
Colobopsis Mayr, 1861: 38. Type-species: Formica truncata, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 342.
Taxonomic history
Colobopsis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 38 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae].
Colobopsis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 368 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1897: 449 [Camponotidae].
Colobopsis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 193; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Colobopsis in Formicinae, Camponotini: Bondroit, 1918: 65; Emery, 1925b: 144; all subsequent authors.
Colobopsis as genus: Mayr, 1861: 38; Mayr, 1862: 652; Mayr, 1865: 7; Mayr, 1870b: 940; Forel, 1878: 368; Forel, 1879a: 125; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 449; André, 1882b: 159; Bingham, 1903: 342; Forel, 1886f: 193; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 66; Jaffe, 1993: 14.
Colobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1889b: 517; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219; Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1893b: 435; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1904b: 139; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 90; Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 247; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 144; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 634; Creighton, 1950a: 390; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 222; Kempf, 1972a: 42; Smith, D.R., 1979: 1433; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Junior synonyms of CAMPONOTUS (COLOBOPSIS)
Condylomyrma Santschi, 1928c: 72 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Condylomyrma) bryani, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Condylomyrma as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1928c: 72.
Condylomyrma as junior synonym of Colobopsis: Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 422 (in text).
[Campylomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 421 (in text), incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Dolophra Wu, J. & Wang, 1994: 35. Type-species: Dolophra politae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dolophra as genus: Wu, J. & Wang, 1994: 35; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 158.
Dolophra as junior synonym of Camponotus: Bolton, 1995b: 27.
Dolophra as junior synonym of Camponotus (Colobopsis): Bolton, 2003: 113, 268.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MAYRIA)
Mayria Forel, 1878: 369. Type-species: Mayria madagascarensis (junior secondary homonym in Camponotus, replaced by Camponotus repens), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Mayria in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 369 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219.
Mayria in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Mayria as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1894e: 227; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 121; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MAYRIA)
Myrmosaga Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus kelleri, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus quadrimaculatus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Myrmosaga as subgenus of Camponotus Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 241; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; all subsequent authors.
Myrmosaga as junior synonym of Mayria: Emery, 1925b: 121.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (RHINOMYRMEX)
Rhinomyrmex Forel, 1886f: 192. Type-species: Rhinomyrmex klaesii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Rhinomyrmex in Camponotinae: Forel, 1886f: 192 [Camponotii]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219.
Rhinomyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Rhinomyrmex as genus: Forel, 1886f: 192; Forel, 1893a: 165; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Rhinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1896d: 374; Forel, 1914a: 264; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 142; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (DENDROMYRMEX)
Dendromyrmex Emery, 1895j: 772. Type-species: Formica chartifex, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161.
Taxonomic history
Dendromyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1917: 250.
Dendromyrmex in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 700; Emery, 1925b: 172; all subsequent authors except the following.
Dendromyrmex in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Dendromyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Fernández, 2002: 51.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (DINOMYRMEX)
Dinomyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica gigas, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dinomyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dinomyrmex as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1913b: 350; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 69; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (DINOMYRMEX)
Myrmogigas Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica gigas, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmogigas as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91.
Myrmogigas as junior synonym of Dinomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 259; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704. [Dinomyrmex and Myrmogigas share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (TANAEMYRMEX)
Tanaemyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica longipes (junior primary homonym in Formica, replaced by Camponotus etiolipes), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Tanaemyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tanaemyrmex as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tanaemyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 75; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (TANAEMYRMEX)
Myrmoturba Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica maculata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoturba as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 235; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704.
Myrmoturba as junior synonym of Tanaemyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 75; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (ORTHONOTOMYRMEX)
Orthonotomyrmex Ashmead, 1906: 31.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384; junior homonym of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829: 344 (Hemiptera). Type-species not Formica lateralis, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 264; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Orthonotomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1913i: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 264; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 244; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 124; all subsequent authors.
Homonym replaced by ORTHONOTOMYRMEX
Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica sericea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829: 344 (Hemiptera).]
Orthonotus in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAMBLYS)
Myrmamblys Forel, 1912i: 90 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus reticulatus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus fastigatus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 263; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Myrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 90; Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 248; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 136; Santschi, 1926c: 601; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTHRIX)
Myrmothrix Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica abdominalis (junior primary homonym; Formica atriceps is first available replacement name), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica rufipes, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260.]
Myrmothrix as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Emery, 1925b: 107; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSERICUS)
Myrmosericus Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica rufoglauca, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmosericus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 104; all subsequent authors.
[See note under Myrmosaulus.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPHYMA)
Myrmophyma Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus capito, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus quadrisectus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 261; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 612.]
Myrmophyma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 239; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 109; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPHYMA)
Myrmocamelus Forel, 1914a: 261 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica ephippium, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus gambeyi, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1922: 101. Myrmocamelus also described as new by Forel, 1915b: 102.]
Myrmocamelus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1915b: 102; Forel, 1917: 250; Forel, 1922: 101.
Myrmocamelus as junior synonym of Myrmophyma: Emery, 1920b: 257; Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18; Emery, 1925b: 109.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTREMA)
Myrmotrema Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus foraminosus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmotrema as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 245; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 130; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOBRACHYS)
Myrmobrachys Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica senex, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmobrachys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 161; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMENTOMA)
Myrmentoma Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica lateralis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
Myrmentoma as junior synonym of Orthonotomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 264; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 970.
Myrmentoma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Emery, 1920b: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925a: 62; Emery, 1925b: 116; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSPHINCTA)
Myrmosphincta Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sexguttata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica cinerascens, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 265; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 614.]
Myrmosphincta as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 265; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 238; Arnold, 1922: 614; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 151; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTARSUS)
Myrmotarsus Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica mistura, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica irritabilis, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260.]
Myrmotarsus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 134; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPOMIS)
Myrmepomis Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sericeiventris, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica fulvopilosa, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 265; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 614.]
Myrmepomis as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 265; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 245; Arnold, 1922: 614; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 170; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPOMIS)
Myrmolophus Emery, 1920b: 237 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sericeiventris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmolophus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 237.
Myrmolophus as junior synonym of Myrmepomis: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 170. [Myrmepomis and Myrmolophus share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOGONIA)
Myrmogonia Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus laminatus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmogonia as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 143; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEURYNOTA)
Myrmeurynota Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus eurynotus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus gilviventris, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 266.]
Myrmeurynota as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 266; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 167; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPSAMMA)
Myrmopsamma Forel, 1914a: 261 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus mystaceus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopsamma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 246; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 70; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOMALIS)
Myrmomalis Forel, 1914a: 263 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus depressus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmomalis as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPLATYS)
Myrmoplatys Forel, 1916: 460 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus korthalsiae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoplatys as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936e: 219 (in text); Donisthorpe, 1943f: 670.
Myrmoplatys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1916: 460; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 135; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAPHAENUS)
Myrmaphaenus Emery, 1920b: 237 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus leydigi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmaphaenus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 152; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAPHAENUS)
Paracolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 249 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus salvini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paracolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709.
Paracolobopsis as junior synonym of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152; Kempf, 1972a: 44.
Neomyrmamblys Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus fastigatus, by subsequent designation of Santschi, 1921f: 311.
Taxonomic history
Neomyrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708.
Neomyrmamblys as junior synonym of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152; Kempf, 1972a: 44.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMONESITES)
Myrmonesites Emery, 1920b: 242 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus putatus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmonesites as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 242; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 123.
[Myrmensites Donisthorpe, 1943f: 666, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPYTIA)
Myrmopytia Emery, 1920b: 243 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus imitator, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopytia as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 114; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTEMNUS)
Myrmotemnus Emery, 1920b: 246 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus moeschi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmotemnus as junior synonym of Myrmamblys: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 137; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 671 (anachronism).
Myrmotemnus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 246; Santschi, 1926c: 601.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (PSEUDOCOLOBOPSIS)
Pseudocolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 249 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus macrocephalus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 157; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSTENUS)
Myrmostenus Emery, 1920b: 250 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus mirabilis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmostenus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 161; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (HYPERCOLOBOPSIS)
Hypercolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 250 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Colobopsis paradoxa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hypercolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 160; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (HYPERCOLOBOPSIS)
Neocolobopsis Borgmeier, 1928b: 65 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Neocolobopsis) scrobifer (junior synonym of Camponotus coriolanus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neocolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus Borgmeier, 1928b: 65.
Neocolobopsis as junior synonym of Hypercolobopsis: Kempf, 1968b: 411; Kempf, 1972a: 43.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPIROMIS)
Myrmopiromis Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica fulvopilosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopiromis as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 1127.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSAULUS)
Myrmosaulus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica cinerascens, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica singularis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1925b: 113, repeated in Donisthorpe, 1943f: 670. Note that Donisthorpe, 1932c: 445, states that C. cinerascens belongs in subgenus Myrmosericus. If so then Myrmosaulus would fall as a junior synonym of Myrmosericus.]
Myrmosaulus as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 112; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOCLADOECUS)
Myrmocladoecus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus latangulus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709.
Taxonomic history
Myrmocladoecus as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MANNIELLA)
Manniella Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus sphaericus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Manniella subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 159; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMISOLEPIS)
Myrmisolepis Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus epinotalis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmisolepis as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 310; Emery, 1925b: 133; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPELTA)
Myrmopelta Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus arminius, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopelta as junior synonym of Myrmamblys: Emery, 1925b: 137.
Myrmopelta as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 310; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704 (footnote); Santschi, 1926a: 16; Santschi, 1926c: 603; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPLATYPUS)
Myrmoplatypus Santschi, 1921f: 311 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus platytarsus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoplatypus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 311; Emery, 1925b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPINOTUS)
Myrmepinotus Santschi, 1921f: 312 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus echinoploides, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmepinotus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 312; Emery, 1925b: 126; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOXYGENYS)
Myrmoxygenys Emery, 1925b: 70 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus caesar, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoxygenys as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 70; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (KARAVAIEVIA)
Karavaievia Emery, 1925b: 115 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus exsectus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Karavaievia as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 115; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMODIRACHIS)
Myrmodirachis Emery, 1925b: 168 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus heathi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmodirachis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 168; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMESPERA)
Myrmespera Santschi, 1926b: 247 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmespera) debellator, by subsequent designation of Santschi, 1926c: 604.
Taxonomic history
Myrmespera as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926b: 247; Santschi, 1926c: 603; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (PARAMYRMAMBLYS)
Paramyrmamblys Santschi, 1926c: 604 [as subgenus of Camponotus].Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmamblys) ostiarius, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paramyrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926c: 604; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMACRHAPHE)
Myrmacrhaphe Santschi, 1926c: 607 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus conradti, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmacrhaphe as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926c: 607; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (THLIPSEPINOTUS)
Thlipsepinotus Santschi, 1928e: 483 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus claripes, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Thlipsepinotus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1928e: 483; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPALPELLA)
Myrmopalpella Stärcke, 1934: 30 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus megalonyx, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopalpella as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936e: 219 (in text); Donisthorpe, 1943f: 669.
Myrmopalpella as subgenus of Camponotus: Bolton, 1995b: 37.
Genus Camponotus references
Mayr, 1861: 35 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 1, 9 (Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 397, 403 (Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 6, 7 (Camponotus, Colobopsis diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 67 (Colobopsis diagnois); Mayr, 1868c: 27 (†Baltic Amber species key); Mayr, 1870a: 373 (Colombia + Panama (= New Grenada) species key); Mayr, 1870b: 941 (Colobopsis species key); André, 1874: 175 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 38 (Switzerland species key); Mayr, 1876: 58 (Australia species key); Mayr, 1878: 869 (all Dendromyrmex species key (as part of Camponotus)); Forel, 1878: 367, 368 (Camponotus, Colobopsis diagnoses); André, 1882a: 138 (Europe & Algeria species key); André, 1882b: 159 (Europe & Algeria Colobopsis species key); Cresson, 1887: 255 (U.S.A. Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 228 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 57 (Russia species key); Forel, 1891b: 71, 216 (Madagascar species key); Forel, 1892j: 223 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 219 (Rhinomyrmex, Mayria, Camponotus catalogues); Emery, 1893i: 667 (North America species key); Forel, 1893b: 435 (India & Sri Lanka C. (Colobopsis) species key); Emery, 1895j: 772 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896d: 370, 378 (species groups, catalogue); Emery, 1898a: 225 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Emery, 1903 (South America species key); Bingham, 1903: 343, 348 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Colobopsis, Camponotus species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 185 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908a: 183 (Palaearctic C. herculeanus & C. maculatus groups species key); Bondroit, 1910: 486 (Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 297 (North America species key); Forel, 1914a: 259, 266 (subgenera diagnoses, species listed by subgenus); Stitz, 1914: 94 (Central Europe species key); Santschi, 1915c: 266 (C. (Myrmotrema) species key); Emery, 1916b: 227 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 600 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Mann, 1916: 489 (Dendromyrmex, all species key); Bondroit, 1918 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1920b: 235 (subgenera, diagoses); Emery, 1920c: 8 (Old World C. maculatus group, checklist & key); Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 16 (subgenera, notes); Santschi, 1921f: 310 (subgenera, notes); Mann, 1921: 489, 499 (Fiji Is C. (Myrmogonia) & C. (Colobopsis) species keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704 (subgenera synopsis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 232, 948, 1039 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Arnold, 1922: 610, 612, 619, 662, 673 (diagnosis, South Africa subgenera synopsis, South Africa C. (Tanaemyrmex), C. (Myrmophyma), C. (Myrmopsamma) species keys); Arnold, 1924: 683, 700, 709, 724, 735 (South Africa C. (Myrmosericus), C. (Myrmamblys), C. (Orthonotomyrmex), C. (Myrmotrema), C. (Myrmepomis) species keys); Emery, 1925a: 62 (Palaearctic C. lateralis group, key); Emery, 1925b: 59 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 69 (C. (Dinomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 70 (C. (Myrmoxygenys) & C. (Myrmopsamma) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 71 (C. (Camponotus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 75 (C. (Tanaemyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 104 (C. (Myrmosericus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 107 (C. (Myrmothrix) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 109 (C. (Myrmophyma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 112 (C. (Myrmosaulus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 114 (C. (Myrmopytia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 115 (C. (Karavaievia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 116 (C. (Myrmentoma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 121 (C. (Mayria) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 123 (C. (Myrmonesites) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 124 (C. (Orthonotomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 126 (C. (Myrmepinotus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 127 (C. (Myrmopiromis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 130 (C. (Myrmotrema) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 133 (C. (Myrmisolepis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 134 (C. (Myrmotarsus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 135 (C. (Myrmoplatys) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 136 (C. (Myrmamblys) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 142 (C. (Rhinomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 143 (C. (Myrmogonia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 144 (C. (Colobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 151 (C. (Myrmosphincta) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 152 (C. (Myrmaphaenus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 157 (C. (Pseudocolobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 159 (C. (Manniella) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 160 (C. (Hypercolobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 161 (C. (Myrmostenus) & C. (Myrmobrachys) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 166 (C. (Myrmocladoecus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 167 (C. (Myrmeurynota) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 168 (C. (Myrmodirachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 169 (C. (Myrmomalis) & C. (Myrmoplatypus) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 170 (C. (Myrmepomis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 172 (Dendromyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1926a: 16, 21 (C. (Myrmopelta) diagnosis, species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 275 (Ukraine species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 601 (Russia species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 81 (Israel species key); Menozzi, 1935c: 330 (Chile species key); Karavaiev, 1936: 175 (Ukraine species key); Finzi, 1936: 190 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 316 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 236 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 109 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 109 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 387 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Donisthorpe, 1932g: 248 (C. (Orthonotomyrmex) notes); Holgersen, 1943b: 174 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 293 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 362 (North America species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 220 (Asia checklist); Yasumatsu & Brown, 1951: 29 (C. herculeanus complex); Kusnezov, 1952d: 192 (Argentina species key); Yasumatsu & Brown, 1957: 45 (C. herculeanus complex); Pisarski, 1961a: 175 (Poland species key); Gregg, 1963: 655 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 163 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Arnol'di, 1967: 1817 (former U.S.S.R. C. (Camponotus) species key); Bernard, 1967: 330 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 42, 95 (Neotropical catalogue); Hashmi, 1973: 1 (C. (Myrmothrix) all species revision, key); Alayo, 1974: 27 (Cuba species key); Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 117 (Chile species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 144 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 130 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 191 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 551 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 90 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 87 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1424 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 445 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 264 (Germany species key); Collingwood, 1985: 275 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 109 (Australia catalogue); Dumpert, 1986: 571 (C. (Karavaievia) species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 60 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 282 (Balkans species key); Taylor, 1987a: 10, 16 (Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand checklists); Snelling, R.R. 1988: 57 (Nearctic C. (Myrmentoma) species key); Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989a: 222 (China species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 125 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 164 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 332 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 38 (Japan species key); Terayama, 1991: 165 (Japan C. (Paramyrmamblys) species); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 207 (Bulgaria species key); Wang, C. & Wu, 1994: 28 (China species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 116 (South Siberia species key); Arakelian, 1994: 82 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 83, 169 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 92 (Sweden species key); Dumpert, Maschwitz, Weissflog et al. 1995: 104 (C. (Karavaievia) species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 352 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 168 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 370 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 170 (Central Europe species key); Radchenko, 1996b: 1195 (Asiatic Palaearctic species key); Cagniant, 1996b: 87 (Morocco species key); McArthur & Adams, 1996: 18 (Australia C. nigriceps group, key); Mackay, 1997: 194 (C. (Myrmostenus) species key); Mackay & Mackay, 1997b: 319 and Snelling, R.R. 2000: 607 (C. montivagus complex, keys); Robertson & Zachariades, 1997: 2 (C. fulvopilosus group, key); Snelling & Torres, 1998: 9 (Puerto Rico & Virgin Is species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 24 (Portugal species key); Terayama, 1999b: 27 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 91 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 200 (China, Guangxi species key); McArthur & Shattuck, 2001: 27 (Australia C. macrocephalus group, key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 153 (Poland species key); Fernández, 2002: 58 (C. (Dendromyrmex) diagnosis, all species revision, key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 248 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Shattuck & McArthur, 2002: 65 (Australia C. wiederkehri group key); Bolton, 2003: 112 (synopsis); Shattuck, 2005: 3 (C. aureopilus group key); Radchenko, 2005b: 188 (North Korea species key); Hansen & Klotz, 2005: 75 (North American “Carpenter Ants” key); Snelling, R.R. 2006: 96 (U.S.A. C. festinatus complex, key); Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 29 (India species, key); Dumpert, Maschwitz & Weissflog, 2006: 77 (C. (Karavaievia) species, keys); Seifert, 2007: 152 (North and Central Europe species key); McArthur, 2007a: 290 (Australia species key); Shattuck & Janda, 2009: 252 (C. aureopilus group key); Mackay & Delsinne, 2009: 496 (New World C. maculatus complex, key); Terayama, 2009: 216 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 60 (south-western Australia species key); Ionescu-Hirsch, 2009: 59 (Israel species key); McArthur, 2010: 18 (south Australia species key).
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 614 species, 86 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Polyrhachis Smith, F. 1857a: 58. Type-species: Formica bihamata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Polyrhachis Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172, nomen nudum.]
Polyrhachis in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 58.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae].
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 257.
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 194; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 251; Arnold, 1924: 741.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 175; all subsequent authors except the following.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Polyrhachis as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170. [Myrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 106; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702, 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; all subsequent authors (see note under Myrma).]
[Polyrachis Arnold, 1924: 741, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Subgenera of POLYRHACHIS include the nominal plus the following.
All the earlier subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Polyrhachis by Brown, 1973b: 178 - 184. Brown's list was repeated in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 19 but with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms; subgeneric status was reinstated in Bolton, 1994: 50. These consecutive entries are not repeated individually below.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMA)
Myrma Billberg, 1820: 104. Type-species: Formica militaris, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 859.
Taxonomic history
[Although Myrma antedates Polyrhachis, the former has been treated as a subgenus of the latter since Forel, 1917: 251 (see Hung, 1967b: 396 for history). Dorow, Kohout & Taylor, 1997: 236 proposed the precedence of Polyrhachis over Myrma and that precedence was established by the ICZN (Opinion 1919) 1999: 92.]
Polyrhachis as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170.
Myrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 106; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702, 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; all subsequent authors, see note above.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMA)
Hoplomyrmus Gerstäcker, 1859: 262. Type-species: Hoplomyrmus schistaceus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Hoplomyrmus also described as new by Gerstäcker, 1862: 508.]
Hoplomyrmus as junior synonym of Polyrhachis: Roger, 1861b: 174; Roger, 1863b: 6; Mayr, 1863: 446; Dalla Torre, 1893: 257.
Hoplomyrmus as junior synonym of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; Bolton, 1973b: 288.
Pseudocyrtomyrma Emery, 1921e: 18 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis revoili, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocyrtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Emery, 1921e: 18; Emery, 1925b: 206.
Pseudocyrtomyrma as junior synonym of Myrma: Bolton, 1973b: 288.
Anoplomyrma Chapman, 1963: 258 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Anoplomyrma) parabiotica, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anoplomyrma as junior synonym of Myrma: Dorow, 1995: 30.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HEMIOPTICA)
Hemioptica Roger, 1862a: 238. Type-species: Hemioptica scissa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hemioptica in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 769 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae].
Hemioptica in Camponotinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 271.
Hemioptica in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; all subsequent authors except the following.
Hemioptica in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Hemioptica as junior synonym of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1878: 368.
Hemioptica as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
Hemioptica as genus: Roger, 1862a: 238; Mayr, 1862: 769; Mayr, 1865: 6; Dalla Torre, 1893: 271; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Emery, 1925b: 209; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 649; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 255.
Hemioptica as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Mayr, 1872: 138; Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 95; Bolton, 1995b: 31; Dorow, 1995: 29.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HAGIOMYRMA)
Hagiomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica ammon, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hagiomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 184; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HIRTOMYRMA)
Hirtomyrma Kohout, 2010: 199 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis hirta, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hirtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Kohout, 2010: 199.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CAMPOMYRMA)
Campomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911g: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis clypeata (junior synonym of Formica exercita), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Campomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 178; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMOTHRINAX)
Myrmothrinax Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis thrinax, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmothrinax as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 178; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMOTHRINAX)
Evelyna Donisthorpe, 1937c: 273 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Evelyna) cheesmanae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Evelyna as junior synonym of Myrmothrinax: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CYRTOMYRMA)
Cyrtomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica rastellata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cyrtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 207; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMHOPLA)
Myrmhopla Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica armata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmhopla as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 190; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMHOPLA)
Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935a: 115 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Cephalomyrma) stylifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cephalomyrma as junior synonym of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Florencea Donisthorpe, 1937a: 624 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Florencea) kirkae (junior synonym of Polyrhachis nigriceps), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Florencea as junior synonym of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CHARIOMYRMA)
Chariomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis guerini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Chariomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 185; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HEDOMYRMA)
Hedomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis ornata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hedomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 189; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (HEDOMYRMA)
Dolichorhachis Mann, 1919: 386 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Dolichorhachis) malaensis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dolichorhachis as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Mann, 1919: 386; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 188.
Dolichorhachis as junior synonym of Hedomyrma: Dorow, 1995: 26.
Morleyidris Donisthorpe, 1944c: 64 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Morleyidris) trina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Morleyidris as junior synonym of Hedomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMATOPA)
Myrmatopa Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis schang, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmatopa as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 180; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMATOPA)
Irenea Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Irenea) omyrmex, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Irenea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Irenea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502.
Irenea as genus: Donisthorpe, 1941h: 59; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Irenea as junior synonym of Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa): Bolton, 1994: 50; Dorow, 1995: 42.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (AULACOMYRMA)
Aulacomyrma Emery, 1921e: 17 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis porcata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Aulacomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Emery, 1921e: 17; Emery, 1925b: 197; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (AULACOMYRMA)
Johnia Karavaiev, 1927e: 43 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Johnia) schizospina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Johnia as junior synonym of Aulacomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Genus Polyrhachis references
Smith, F. 1858b: 58 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 6 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 422, 443 (Hemioptica, Polyrhachis catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 6 (Polyrhachis, Hemioptica diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 40, 41 (diagnosis, species groups (as "turmae")); Mayr, 1876: 68 (Australia species key); Forel, 1878: 368 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1879: 648 (species groups); André, 1887: 286 (Afrotropical species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 257, 271 (Polyrhachis, Hemioptica catalogues); Forel, 1893c: 17 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Emery, 1896d: 378 (catalogue); Emery, 1897d: 579, 582 (P. relucens & P. guerini groups, keys); Emery, 1898a: 227 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 383 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Santschi, 1910h: 284 (P. rastellata group, key); Viehmeyer, 1914b: 50, 54 (P. rastellata & P. hostilis groups, keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 256, 701, 992 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical catalogue); Arnold, 1924: 741 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1925b: 175 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 178 (P. (Campomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 180 (P. (Myrmatopa) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 181 (P. (Polyrhachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 182 (P. (Myrmothrinax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 184 (P. (Hagiomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 185 (P. (Chariomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 188 (P. (Dolichorhachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 189 (P. (Hedomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 190 (P. (Myrmhopla) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 197 (P. (Aulacomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 198 (P. (Myrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 206 (P. (Pseudocyrtomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 207 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 209 (Hemioptica diagnosis, catalogue); Donisthorpe, 1938c: 246 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) review); Santschi, 1939c: 13 (P. (Pseudocyrtomyrma) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186, 255, 256 (Asia Irenea, Hemioptica, Polyrhachis checklists); Hung, 1962: 24 (Taiwan species key); Hung, 1967b: 395 (review of subgenera); Hung, 1970: 5 (P. (Polyrhachis) species revision, key); Bolton, 1973b: 289 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Bolton, 1975c: 1 (P. sexspinosa group, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 131 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 59 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Kohout, 1987: 169 (Philippines P. sexspinosa group, key); Kohout, 1989: 515 (Australia P. relucens group, key); Kohout, 1990: 500 (P. viehmeyeri group, key); Kohout & Taylor, 1990: 509 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 45 (Japan species key); Wang C. & Wu, 1991: 596 (China species key); Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 96 (P. (Hemioptica) species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 342 (catalogue); Dorow, 1995: 9 (subgenera revision, subgenera key, catalogue); Dorow, 1995: 10-11 (P. (Myrmhopla) species groups, key; P. arachne-, P. cryptoceroides- P. flavoflagellata-, P. furcata- and P. hector species groups, keys); Dorow, 1995: 12 (P. (Aulacomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 13 (P. (Campomoyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 16 (P. (Chariomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 21 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 24 (P. (Hagiomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 26 (P. (Hedomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 28 (P. (Hemioptica) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 30 (P. (Myrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 42 (P. (Myrmatopa) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 45 (P. (Myrmhopla) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 61 (P. (Myrmothrinax) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 63 (P. (Polyrhachis) synopsis); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 159 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 107 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 190 (China, Guangxi species key); Xu, 2002b: 523 (China P. (Cyrtomyrma) species key; Bolton, 2003: 122 (synopsis); Karmaly, 2004: 542 (India species key); Kohout, 2006a: 146 (P. cryptoceroides group, key); Kohout, 2006b: 87 (P. Cyrtomyrma) of Australia, Borneo, New Guinea, Solomon Is, keys); Kohout, 2007a: 189 (P. Aulacomyrma) diagnosis, all species revision, key); Kohout, 2007c: 8 (P. (Campomyrma) Borneo, key); Kohout, 2008a: 255 (Sulawesi species, keys); Kohout, 2008b: 298 (P. vestita group key); Kohout, 2008d: 12 (flavoflagellata group key); Kohout, 2009: 40, 44 (modifications to Kohout 2006b key); Terayama, 2009: 218 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 106 (south-western Australia species key); Kohout, 2010: 169, 171, 200 (Australia subgenera key, Australia P. (Myrmhopla) species key, Australia P. (Hirtomyrma) species key).
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 89 species, 19 subspecies
Fossil: 7 species
Tetraponera Smith, F. 1852: 44. Type-species: Tetraponera atrata (junior synonym of Eciton nigrum), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 173.
Taxonomic history
Tetraponera in Formicidae, Poneridae: Smith, F. 1857a: 70.
Tetraponera in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1877b: 68.
Tetraponera in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 24.
Tetraponera in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 654; subsequent authors to the following.
Tetraponera in Pseudomyrmecinae: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17; all subsequent authors.
Tetraponera as junior synonym of Pseudomyrma: Roger, 1863b: 24; Mayr, 1863: 451.
Tetraponera as junior synonym of Sima: Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Bingham, 1903: 107; Emery, 1917a: 95.
Tetraponera as subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1900d: 673; Emery, 1915b: 266; Arnold, 1916: 180; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 24.
Tetraponera as genus: Smith, F. 1852: 44; Smith, F. 1857a: 70; Smith, F. 1877b: 68; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 654; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17; Ward, 1990: 470; Bolton, 1994: 184.
Junior synonyms of TETRAPONERA
Sima Roger, 1863a: 178. Type-species: Sima compressa (junior synonym of Pseudomyrma allaborans), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Eciton rufonigrum, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1915b: 266, repeated in Emery, 1917a: 95 and Emery, 1921f: 22.]
Sima in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 328.
Sima in Myrmicidae, Myrmeciidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Sima in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 25 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1866b: 906 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53.
Sima in Myrmicidae, Pseudomyrminae: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Sima in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 768; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 40; Arnold, 1916: 173; Emery, 1921f: 21.
Sima as genus: Roger, 1863a: 178; Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1868c: 100; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Emery, 1900d: 672; Bingham, 1903: 107; Emery, 1914a: 40; Emery, 1915b: 266; Arnold, 1916: 173; Emery, 1917a: 95; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 21.
Sima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Smith, F. 1877b: 68; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 47; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 105; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726; Ward, 1990: 470.
Pachysima Emery, 1912b: 97 [as subgenus of Sima]. Type-species: Tetraponera aethiops, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pachysima in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 22.
Pachysima in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112, 654.
Pachysima as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 308 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112, 654.
Pachysima as subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1912b: 97; Arnold, 1916: 174; Emery, 1921f: 22.
Pachysima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Ward, 1990: 470.
Viticicola Wheeler, W.M. 1919i: 130 (in text). Type-species: Sima tessmanni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Viticicola also as new in Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53.]
Viticicola in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 107, 654.
Viticicola as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Ward, 1990: 470.
[Viticola Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Parasima Donisthorpe, 1948d: 592 [as subgenus of Tetraponera]. [Unnecessary replacement name for Sima in the sense of Emery, 1921f: 23.]
Taxonomic history
Parasima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Ward, 1990: 470.
Genus Tetraponera references
Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 25 (Sima diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (Sima diagnosis); Mayr, 1868c: 101 (†Baltic Amber species key); Smith, F. 1877b: 68 (checklist); Dalla Torre, 1893: 53 (catalogue); Emery, 1900d: 17 (Asia & Australia species key); Forel, 1903a: 708 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 107 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1916: 173 (Sima diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1921f: 21 (Sima diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 22 (S. (Pachysima) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 24 (S. (Tetraponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112 (Pachysima species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 104, 107, 112 (Tetraponera, Viticicola, Pachysima diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 795, 801 (Afrotropical Tetraponera, Viticicola, Pachysima catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1014 (Malagasy catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 79 (Australia checklist); Wu, J. & Wang, 1990: 516 (China species key); Dlussky & Radchenko, 1990: 120 (Vietnam species key); Ward, 1990: 470 (diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 184 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 416 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 55 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 312 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 208 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 64 (China, Guangxi species key); Ward, 2001: 596 (Oriental & Australian, all species, revision, key); Xu & Chai, 2004: 64 (China species key); Ward, 2006: 120 (Afrotropical species groups key); Ward, 2006: 123 (T. ambigua group, key); Ward, 2009: 288 (T. grandidieri group, key); Dlussky, 2009: 1084 (Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 128 (Taiwan species key).
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys TRUE TRUE FALSE146 species
Cerapachys Smith, F. 1857a: 74. Type-species: Cerapachys antennatus, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 28.
Taxonomic history
Cerapachys in Myrmicinae: Smith, F. 1857a: 74 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 47 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 329 [Myrmicidae].
Cerapachys in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Cerapachys in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Cerapachys in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162 (also misspelled Orapachys, same page); Forel, 1900d: 331; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 8; Arnold, 1915: 11; Forel, 1917: 239; Brown, 1975: 18; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Cerapachys in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17; Kempf, 1972a: 76; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Jaffe, 1993: 9; Bolton, 1994: 19; Bolton, 2003: 34.
Junior synonyms of CERAPACHYS
Syscia Roger, 1861a: 19. Type-species: Syscia typhla, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Syscia in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Syscia in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Syscia in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1900d: 329; Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Syscia as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 31.
Syscia as subgenus of Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 730.
Syscia as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76; Brown, 1975: 18; all subsequent authors.
Ooceraea Roger, 1862a: 248. Type-species: Ooceraea fragosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ooceraea in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 24 [Myrmicidae].
Ooceraea in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Ooceraea in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1871a: 324.
Ooceraea in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Ooceraea in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162.
Ooceraea in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Ooceraea in Ecitoninae, Ecitonini: Ashmead, 1905b: 381; Ashmead, 1906: 25.
Ooceraea as genus: Roger, 1862a: 248; Smith, F. 1871a: 324; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 31.
Ooceraea as subgenus of Cerapachys: Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 678.
Ooceraea as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Lioponera Mayr, 1879: 666. Type-species: Lioponera longitarsus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lioponera in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Lioponera in Pachycondylinae, Lioponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Lioponera in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1900d: 329; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 11; Forel, 1917: 239.
Lioponera in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Lioponera in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 657.
Lioponera as subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 1892l: 244.
Lioponera as genus: Mayr, 1879: 666; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 26; Emery, 1911d: 11; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 657.
Lioponera as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Parasyscia Emery, in André, 1882c: 235. Type-species: Parasyscia piochardi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Parasyscia in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Parasyscia in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Parasyscia in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162 [Cerapachysii]; Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Parasyscia as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Parasyscia as subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 1892l: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 9; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 681; Creighton, 1950a: 57.
Parasyscia as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76; Brown, 1975: 18; all subsequent authors.
Phyracaces Emery, 1902c: 23. Type-species: Cerapachys mayri, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Phyracaces in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Arnold, 1915: 17; Forel, 1917: 239.
Phyracaces in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 683.
Phyracaces as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Cysias Emery, 1902c: 24 [as subgenus of Cerapachys]. Type-species: Ooceraea papuana, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cysias in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Cysias as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Cysias as subgenus of Cerapachys: Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 637.
Cysias as junior synonym of Syscia: Emery, 1911d: 10; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Ceratopachys Schulz, W.A. 1906: 155, unjustified emendation of Cerapachys.
Taxonomic history
Ceratopachys as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 755.
Chrysapace Crawley, 1924: 380. Type-species: Chrysapace jacobsoni (junior secondary homonym in Cerapachys, replaced by Cerapachys crawleyi), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Chrysapace in Ponerinae: Crawley, 1924: 380.
Chrysapace in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633.
Chrysapace as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Neophyracaces Clark, 1941: 76. Type-species: Phyracaces clarus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neophyracaces in Cerapachyinae: Clark, 1941: 76.
Neophyracaces as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Yunodorylus Xu, 2000b: 297. Type-species: Yunodorylus sexspinus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Yunodorylus in Dorylinae: Xu, 2000b: 297.
Yunodorylus in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Bolton, 2003: 141, 268.
Yunodorylus as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Bolton, 2003: 141, 268; Borowiec, 2009: 57.
Genus Cerapachys references
Roger, 1863b: 21, 25 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 403, 439, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 15, 24 (Syscia, Ooceraea diagnoses); André, 1882c: 236 (Europe & Algeria species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 17 (Lioponera, Cerapachys, Parasyscia, Ooceraea, Syscia catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 331 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 27, 28 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Lioponera, Cerapachys species keys); Emery, 1911d: 8 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 9 (C. (Parasyscia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 10 (C. (Ooceraea) & C. (Syscia) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 10 (Phyracaces diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 11 (Lioponera diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 11 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 239 (Australia Phyracaces species key); Mann, 1921: 408 (Fiji species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 52, 53, 639 (Cerapachys & Phyracaces diagnoses, subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1924d: 224 (Chrysapace, comments); Arnold, 1926: 193 (South Africa species, revised key); Donisthorpe, 1939a: 253 (Lioponera diagnosis); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17, 21, 22 (Asia Cerapachys, Lioponera, Phyracaces checklists); Wilson, 1959b: 44, 52, 55, 56 (Melanesia, Fiji Is, New Guinea & New Caledonia species keys); Kempf, 1972a: 76 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1975: 18, 26 (diagnosis, keys); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1333 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 16 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Terayama, Kubota, Sakai & Kawazoe, 1988: 35 (Taiwan species key); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1989: 30 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 142 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 47 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 312 (Saudi Arabia species key); Terayama, 1996: 18 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 60 (Australia synopsis); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 36 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Borowiec, 2009: 46 (C. sexspinus group key); Terayama, 2009: 122 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 126 (south-western Australia species key).
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Sphinctomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE22 species
Sphinctomyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 895. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex stali, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sphinctomyrmex in Dorylidae: Mayr, 1866b: 895; Forel, 1878: 365 (footnote).
Sphinctomyrmex Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 16.
Sphinctomyrmex in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Sphinctomyrmex in Dorylinae, Dorylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 381; Ashmead, 1906: 27.
Sphinctomyrmex in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 116; Forel, 1900d: 328; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 6; Forel, 1917: 239; Brown, 1975: 18; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Sphinctomyrmex in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 638; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727; Kempf, 1972a: 241; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Jaffe, 1993: 9; Bolton, 1994: 19; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of SPHINCTOMYRMEX
Eusphinctus Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-species: Eusphinctus furcatus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eusphinctus in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 645.
Eusphinctus as subgenus of Sphinctomyrmex: Emery, 1895k: 456; Forel, 1900d: 328; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 7; Forel, 1917: 239.
Eusphinctus as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639.
Eusphinctus as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Nothosphinctus Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219 [as subgenus of Eusphinctus]. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex froggatti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675.
Taxonomic history
Nothosphinctus as subgenus of Eusphinctus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639.
Nothosphinctus as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Zasphinctus Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219 [as subgenus of Eusphinctus]. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex turneri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Zasphinctus as subgenus of Eusphinctus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639.
Zasphinctus as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Aethiopopone Santschi, 1930a: 49. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex rufiventris, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Aethiopopone in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620.
Aethiopopone as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Bolton, 1973a: 341; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Genus Sphinctomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 16 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 25 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 6 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 7 (S. (Eusphinctus) diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 224 (Australia Eusphinctus species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639 (Eusphinctus subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 755 (Afrotropical catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 21 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 241 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1975: 31 (diagnosis, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 49 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 73 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 392 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 62 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2009: 131 (south-western Australia species key).
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 137 species
Fossil: 6 species
Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863a: 174. Type-species: Ponera tornata, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1911d: 44.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Ectatomma concinna, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164; see Emery, 1912d: 271 and Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.]
Gnamptogenys in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae].
Gnamptogenys in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Gnamptogenys in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 44; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; all subsequent authors to the following.
Gnamptogenys in Ectatomminae, Ectatommini: Bolton, 2003: 46.
Gnamptogenys as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 540; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1895b: 113; Forel, 1899c: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 44; Gallardo, 1918b: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 644; Borgmeier, 1923: 60; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Gnamptogenys as genus: Roger, 1863a: 174; Forel, 1917: 236; Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of GNAMPTOGENYS
Stictoponera Mayr, 1887: 539 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ponera coxalis, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 82.
Taxonomic history
Stictoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Stictoponera in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 47; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728.
Stictoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 539; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 316; Bingham, 1903: 82; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Stictoponera as genus: Emery, 1911d: 47; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728.
Stictoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Holcoponera Mayr, 1887: 540 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Gnamptogenys striatula, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1911d: 40.
Taxonomic history
Holcoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Holcoponera in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 40; Forel, 1917: 236; Gallardo, 1918b: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; all subsequent authors.
Holcoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 540; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Holcoponera as genus: Emery, 1902a: 181; Emery, 1911d: 40; Forel, 1917: 236; Gallardo, 1918b: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Borgmeier, 1923: 55; Santschi, 1929h: 437; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Holcoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Alfaria Emery, 1896e: 177 (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Alfaria simulans, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Alfaria also described as new by Emery, 1896g: 41.]
Alfaria in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1899c: 3.
Alfaria in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Alfaria in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 46; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; all subsequent authors.
Alfaria as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Poneracantha Emery, 1897d: 547 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Holcoponera) bispinosum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Poneracantha as subgenus of Ectatomma: Emery, 1911d: 43; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643.
Poneracantha as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Rhopalopone Emery, 1897d: 549. Type-species: Rhopalopone epinotalis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Rhopalopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Rhopalopone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1911d: 34 [subtribe Typhlomyrmecini]; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; all subsequent authors.
Rhopalopone as genus: Emery, 1911d: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Borgmeier, 1923: 54.
Rhopalopone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Emeryella Forel, 1901e: 334. Type-species: Emeryella schmitti, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Emeryella in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Emeryella in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 46; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 13; all subsequent authors.
Emeryella as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Mictoponera Forel, 1901e: 372 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Mictoponera) diehlii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Mictoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Forel, 1901e: 372; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Mictoponera as junior synonym of Rhopalopone: Emery, 1911d: 34.
Mictoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Parectatomma Emery, 1911d: 44 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma triangulare, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parectatomma as subgenus of Ectatomma: Emery, 1911d: 44; Creighton, 1950a: 35; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Parectatomma as subgenus of Gnamptogenys: Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643.
Parectatomma as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Spaniopone Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 11. Type-species: Spaniopone haytiana, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Spaniopone in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1916i: 36; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727.
Spaniopone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1919c: 107.
Spaniopone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Wheeleripone Mann, 1919: 282. Type-species: Wheeleripone albiclava, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Wheeleripone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736.
Wheeleripone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Opisthoscyphus Mann, 1922: 4. Type-species: Opisthoscyphus scabrosus (junior synonym of Alfaria minuta), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Opisthoscyphus in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 13; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 678.
Opisthoscyphus as junior synonym of Alfaria: Brown, in Borgmeier, 1957: 115.
Opisthoscyphus as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Commateta Santschi, 1929h: 476 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Parectatomma) bruchi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Commateta as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Tammoteca Santschi, 1929h: 476 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma concinnum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Tammoteca as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Barbourella Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 10 [as subgenus of Emeryella]. Type-species: Emeryella (Barbourella) banksi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Barbourella as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Genus Gnamptogenys references
Roger, 1863b: 19 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 422 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 15 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 963 (all species key); Mayr, 1887: 540 (diagnosis); Emery, 1889b: 494 (Ectatomma (Stictoponera) species key); Emery, 1896g: 43, 44 (G. (Holcoponera), G. (Gnamptogenys) species keys; Forel, 1900d: 316 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 82 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 34 (Rhopalopone diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 40 (Holcoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 43 (Ectatomma (Poneracantha) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 44 (Ectatomma (Parectatomma) & E. (Gnamptogenys) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 46 (Emeryella diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 46 (Alfaria diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 47 (Stictoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Gallardo, 1918b: 22, 42 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1919: 286 (Wheeleripone species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 240 (Rhopalopone species key); Santschi, 1929h: 471 (Holcoponera species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 26, 29 (Asia Rhopalopone, Stictoponera checklists); Brown, 1954h: 1 (G. coxalis group species); Brown, 1956: 489 (Holcoponera species notes); Brown, 1958g: 211 (revision of genus, all species keys); Brown, 1958g: 230 (New World species revision, key); Brown, 1958g: 237 (Old World species revision, key); Kempf, 1972a: 111 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1337 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 30 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 28 (Australia checklist); Brandão & Lattke, 1990: 489 (Alfaria group, status); Lattke, 1990b: 22 (Venezuela species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 344 (Neotropical catalogue); Lattke, 1992a: 123 (G. minuta group, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 208 (catalogue); Lattke, 1995: 149 (New World species revision, key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 36 (China species key); Xu & Zhang, 1996: 56 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 185 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 31 (China, Guangxi species key); Lattke, 2004: 51 (Old World species revision, key); Lattke, Fernández & Palacio, 2007: 257 (New World species key); Lattke, Fernández, et al. 2008: 68 (Colombia species key).
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 487 species
Fossil:
Strumigenys Smith, F. 1860c: 72. Type-species: Strumigenys mandibularis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Strumigenys in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 334; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Strumigenys in Myrmicidae, Cryptoceridae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Strumigenys in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 26 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145.
Strumigenys in Cryptoceridae, Dacetini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Strumigenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1892d: 344; Forel, 1893a: 164; Forel, 1895b: 133; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1899c: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Arnold, 1917: 372; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 319; Brown, 1948e: 108; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of STRUMIGENYS
Labidogenys Roger, 1862a: 249. Type-species: Labidogenys lyroessa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Labidogenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 654; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Labidogenys as genus: Roger, 1862a: 249; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Labidogenys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Bingham, 1903: 147; Emery, 1924d: 320; Brown & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, 1960b: 38; Bolton, 1983: 358; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Proscopomyrmex Patrizi, 1946: 294. Type-species: Proscopomyrmex londianensis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Proscopomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Patrizi, 1946: 294 [Dacetonini].
Proscopomyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, 1949d: 15; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Eneria Donisthorpe, 1948d: 598. Type-species: Eneria excisa (junior synonym of Strumigenys loriae), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Eneria as genus: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104 (anachronism).
Eneria as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, 1949d: 15; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Quadristruma Brown, 1949b: 47. Type-species: Epitritus emmae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Quadristruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1949b: 47; all subsequent authors.
Quadristruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Genus Strumigenys references
Roger, 1863b: 40 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 26 (diagnosis); Forel, 1886a: 216 (all species key); Mayr, 1887: 568 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 145 (catalogue); Emery, 1895c: 325 (North America species key); Emery, 1897c: 574 (New Guinea species key); Forel, 1903a: 707 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 147 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 146 (New World species key); Santschi, 1913b: 257 (Afrotropical species key); Arnold, 1917: 373 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Mann, 1921: 467 (Fiji Is species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 917, 1034 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 319 (diagnosis, catalogue); Brown, 1948e: 108 (diagnosis, review of genus); Brown, 1949d: 21 (Japan, China & Taiwan species key); Creighton, 1950a: 301 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104, 107 (Asia Eneria, Strumigenys (Strumigenys) checklists); Brown, 1954k: 10 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Brown, 1958h: 38 (New Zealand species); Brown, 1962c: 238 (Neotropical species synopsis, key); Kempf, 1972a: 226, 243 (Neotropical Quadristruma, Strumigenys catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 19 (Cuba species key); Kempf, 1976b: 43 (additions to Brown, 1962c key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1403, 1409 (North America Strumigenys, Quadristruma catalogues); Bolton, 1983: 358, 400 (Afrotropical Strumigenys, Quadristruma species revisions, keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 85, 87 (Australia Quadristruma, Strumigenys catalogues); Taylor, 1987a: 66, 76 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Terayama & Kubota, 1989: 780 (Taiwan species key); Brandão, 1991: 380 (Neotropical catalogue); Arakelian & Dlussky, 1991: 150 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 63 (Japan species key); Dlussky, 1993: 53 (Fiji Is, Tonga and Samoa species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 377, 395 (catalogue); Gronenberg, 1996: 2021 (mandible morphology); Lin & Wu, 1996: 139 (Taiwan species key); Lattke & Goitía, 1997: 370 (Venezuela species key); Shattuck, 1999: 160, 167 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 1999: 1657, 1673 (morphology, diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Bolton, 2000: 496, 583, 716, 942 (Neotropical-Nearctic, Afrotropical, Malesian-Oriental-East Palaearctic, Austral species revisions, keys); Fisher, 2000: 614 (Malagasy species revision, key); Zhou, 2001b: 78 (China, Guangxi species key); Lin & Wu, 2001: 166 (Taiwan species key); Zhou & Xu, 2003: 737 (China species key); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2007: 676 (Japan species key); Terayama, 2009: 142 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 176 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 160 species, 13 subspecies
Fossil: 6 species
Carebara Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Carebara lignata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Carebara in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 178.
Carebara in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 23 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 334 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae].
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Myrmicariini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kusnezov, 1964: 61; Kempf, 1972a: 74; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 2003: 61.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 248; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 219; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Junior synonyms of CAREBARA
Oligomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 110. Type-species: Oligomyrmex concinnus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kempf, 1972a: 172; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389; Jaffe, 1993: 10.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 215; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Oligomyrmex as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Aeromyrma Forel, 1891b: 198. Type-species: Aeromyrma nosindambo, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Aeromyrma also described as new by Forel, 1891a: cccvii; no species-rank taxa named.]
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 78.
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 256; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 215; all subsequent authors.
Aeromyrma as genus: Forel, 1891b: 198; Arnold, 1916: 256; Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663, 882.
Aeromyrma as subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Emery, 1915c: 59 (footnote); Emery, 1924d: 215; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620.
Aeromyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Aeromyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Aneleus Emery, 1900c: 327 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-species: Solenopsis similis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 158.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Pheidologeton pygmaeus, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 77; repeated in Emery, 1924d: 214.]
Aneleus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Aneleus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 254; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 213; all subsequent authors.
Aneleus as genus: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 254; Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 213.
Aneleus as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Aneleus as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Erebomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 138. Type-species: Erebomyrma longii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 145; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 46; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 218; all subsequent authors.
Erebomyrma as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 218; Creighton, 1950a: 245; Kusnezov, 1964: 62; Wilson, 1986b: 61; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13.
Erebomyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; Kempf, 1972a: 172; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 298.
Erebomyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Paedalgus Forel, 1911i: 217. Type-species: Paedalgus escherichi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1911i: 218; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 221; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Paedalgus as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Lecanomyrma Forel, 1913k: 56 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-species: Pheidologeton (Lecanomyrma) butteli, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lecanomyrma as subgenus of Pheidologeton: Forel, 1913k: 56; Forel, 1917: 243.
Lecanomyrma as subgenus of Aneleus: Emery, 1924d: 215.
Lecanomyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Lecanomyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Spelaeomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 9. Type-species: Spelaeomyrmex urichi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Spelaeomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologitonini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 11; Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59.
Spelaeomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Spelaeomyrmex as junior synonym of Erebomyrma: Wilson, 1962a: 63.
Spelaeomyrmex as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Hendecatella Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 93 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Hendecatella) capreolus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hendecatella as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors.
Hendecatella as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Solenops Karavaiev, 1930a: 207 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Solenops) weyeri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Solenops as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors.
Solenops as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Crateropsis Patrizi, 1948: 174 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Crateropsis) elmenteitae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Crateropsis as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120; all subsequent authors.
Crateropsis as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Sporocleptes Arnold, 1948: 219. Type-species: Sporocleptes nicotianae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Sporocleptes as junior synonym of Aneleus: Consani, 1951: 169; Arnold, 1952a: 460.
Sporocleptes as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Nimbamyrma Bernard, 1953b: 240. Type-species: Nimbamyrma villiersi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Nimbamyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Bernard, 1953b: 240.
Nimbamyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120; all subsequent authors.
Nimbamyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194; Fernández, 2010: 201.
Afroxyidris Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 631. Type-species: Afroxyidris crigensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Afroxyidris in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetonini: Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 632; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Afroxyidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Afroxyidris as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Neoblepharidatta Sheela & Narendran, 1997: 88. Type-species: Neoblepharidatta nayana, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neoblepharidatta incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Sheela & Narendran, 1997: 89.
Neoblepharidatta as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 216, 273.
Neoblepharidatta as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Parvimyrma Eguchi & Bui, 2007: 40. Type-species: Parvimyrma sangi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parvimyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Eguchi & Bui, 2007: 40.
Parvimyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2010: 195.
Genus Carebara references
Smith, F. 1858b: 178 (Carebara diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 32 (Carebara catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 402 (Carebara catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 23 (Carebara diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 106 (Carebara diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 74, 78 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Bingham, 1903: 150 (Carebara diagnosis); Bingham, 1903: 154 (Oligomyrmex India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Santschi, 1913e: 459 (African Oligomyrmex, key); Santschi, 1914d: 363 (Afrotropical Carebara species key); Arnold, 1916: 248, 254, 256 (Carebara, Aneleus, Aeromyrma diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 165, 687 (Aeromyrma diagnosis, Oligomyrmex subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 168, 172, 883 (Carebara diagnosis, Afrotropical species key, Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 177, 884 (Paedalgus diagnosis, Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880, 881, 882 (Afrotropical Aneleus, Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1028 (Malagasy Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 213 (Aneleus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 215 (Aneleus (Lecanomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 215 (Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 217 (O. (Oligomyrex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 218 (Erebomyrma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 219 (Carebara diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 221 (Paedalgus diagnosis, catalogue); Weber, 1950a: 1 (Africa Oligomyrmex species, synopsis); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 151, 154, 156, 158 (Asia Carebara, Aeromyrma, Aneleus, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus checklists); Weber, 1952: 11 (Africa O. (Aeromyrma) species key); Ettershank, 1966: 119 (Oligomyrmex diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 125 (Carebara diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 128 (Paedalgus diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 74 (Carebara Neotropical catalogue); Kempf, 1972a: 172 (Oligomyrmex Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389 (Oligomyrmex North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 71 (Oligomyrmex Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 50 (Oligomyrmex Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Taylor, 1991db: 605 (Oligomyrmex Australia species, partial key); Brandão, 1991: 342 (Oligomyrmex Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 45 (Oligomyrmex Japan species key); Bolton & Belshaw, 1993: 181 (Paedalgus diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048, 1051 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus census); Bolton, 1995b: 133, 298, 311 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 74 (Oligomyrmex China species key); Terayama, 1996: 24 (Oligomyrmex Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 148 (Oligomyrmex Australia synopsis); Xu, 2003: 311 (Oligomyrmex China species key); Terayama, 2009: 151 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 386 species, 30 subspecies
Fossil: 3 species
Monomorium Mayr, 1855: 452. Type-species: Monomorium monomorium (replacement name for Monomorium minutum, junior secondary homonym in Monomorium), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Monomorium in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 452 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 71 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 65.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 124; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 78; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; in Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Arnold, 1916: 203; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 166; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of MONOMORIUM
Phacota Roger, 1862b: 260. Type-species: Phacota sichelii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Phacota in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Phacota in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 71.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 187; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; all subsequent authors except the entry below; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Phacota as genus: Bolton, 1987: 281.
Phacota as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865: 19. Type-species: Trichomyrmex rogeri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 733.
Trichomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
†Lampromyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 93. Type-species: †Monomorium mayrianum (replacement name for †Lampromyrmex gracillimus, junior secondary homonym in Monomorium), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1868c: 93 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 78.
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 183 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655.
†Lampromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45.
†Lampromyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1922e: 183; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
†Lampromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 299.
Holcomyrmex Mayr, 1879: 671. Type-species: Holcomyrmex scabriceps, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 280.
Taxonomic history
[Holcomyrmex Smith, F. 1873: ix, nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.]
Holcomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Holcomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 181 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 650.
Holcomyrmex as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 65; Forel, 1903a: 692; Bingham, 1903: 280.
Holcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 181; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Holcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Emery, 1908h: 667; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 295.
Epoecus Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi. Type-species: Epoecus pergandei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Anergatini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 204; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643.
Epoecus as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287.
Wheeleriella Forel, 1907f: 145.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 171; junior homonym of Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37 (Lepidoptera).]
Wheeleriella in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Wheeleriella in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 186; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Wheeleriella as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 291.
Homonym replaced by Wheeleriella
Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 171. Type-species: Wheeleria santschii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37 (Lepidoptera).]
Epixenus Emery, 1908f: 556. Type-species: Epixenus andrei (junior secondary homonym in Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium advena), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 163.
Taxonomic history
Epixenus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 184; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643.
Epixenus as junior synonym of Monomorium: Brown & Wilson, 1957bb: 244; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287; Tinaut & Ortiz, 1988: 167.
Mitara Emery, 1913b: 261 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium laeve, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Mitara in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Arnold, 1916: 238; Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; all subsequent authors.
Mitara as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1913b: 261; Emery, 1915i: 190; Arnold, 1916: 238; Forel, 1917: 242.
Mitara as junior synonym of †Lampromyrmex: Emery, 1922e: 183; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162, 676.
Mitara as genus: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 662.
Mitara as junior synoynm of Monomorium: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 299.
Chelaner Emery, 1914f: 410 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Chelaner) forcipatum, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1922e: 168.
Taxonomic history
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Emery, 1922e: 168; all subsequent authors except the following.
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81.
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Chelaner as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1914f: 410; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 168; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Chelaner as genus: Ettershank, 1966: 93; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 55; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Chelaner (and its junior synonyms Notomyrmex, Protholcomyrmex, Schizopelta) as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 300; Heterick, 2001: 354.
Notomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Atta antarctica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Notomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 168; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; Kusnezov, 1956: 20.
Notomyrmex as genus: Kusnezov, 1957a: 269 (in key); Kusnezov, 1960b: 343; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 60.
Notomyrmex as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Parholcomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Myrmica gracillima (junior synonym of Atta destructor), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parholcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 179; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; subsequent authors to the following.
Parholcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
[Paraholcomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 191, Forel, 1917: 242, incorrect subsequent spellings.]
Xeromyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Formica salomonis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Xeromyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 175; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677.
Xeromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 294.
Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915c: 259 [as subgenus of Monomorium.] Type-species: Monomorium modestum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Emery, 1922e: 175; all subsequent authors to the following.
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81.
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Syllophopsis as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1915c: 259; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 175; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 729; Arnold, 1952a: 465.
Syllophopsis as genus: Santschi, 1921c: 119; Santschi, 1936a: 32; Ettershank, 1966: 100.
Syllophopsis as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 287.
[Syllopsis Santschi, 1921c: 120, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Corynomyrmex Viehmeyer, 1916a: 133 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Corynomyrmex) hospitum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Corynomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Viehmeyer, 1916a: 133; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 174.
Corynomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287.
Isolcomyrmex Santschi, 1917b: 296 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex santschii (junior secondary homonym in Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium santschianum), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Isolcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1917b: 296; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Isolcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
[Isholcomyrmex Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Paraphacota Santschi, 1919d: 90. Type-species: Paraphacota surcoufi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Phacota noualhieri, unjustified subsequent designation by Santschi, 1927d: 245; repeated in Ettershank, 1966: 82 and Bolton, 1973a: 352.]
Paraphacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 681.
Paraphacota as junior synonym of Monomorium: Santschi, 1927d: 243; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 293.
Equestrimessor Santschi, 1919d: 92 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex chobauti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 644.
Taxonomic history
Equestrimessor as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1919d: 92;Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677; Santschi, 1936a: 32.
Equestrimessor as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287, 297.
[Equessimessor Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Xenhyboma Santschi, 1919g: 405. Type-species: Xenhyboma mystes (junior synonym of Monomorium medinae), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xenhyboma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736.
Xenhyboma as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Espadaler, 1982b: 112; Bolton, 1987: 293.
Protholcomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium rothsteini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Protholcomyrmex as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Ireneidris Donisthorpe, 1943c: 81. Type-species: Ireneidris myops (junior synonym of Monomorium talpa), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Ireneidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini [subtribe Monomoriini]: Donisthorpe, 1943c: 82.
Ireneidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 298.
Schizopelta McAreavey, 1949: 14. Type-species: Schizopelta falcata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Schizopelta as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Nothidris Ettershank, 1966: 105. Type-species: Monomorium latastei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Megalomyrmex genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; in Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Megalomyrmecini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kempf, 1972a: 165; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Nothidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Pharaophanes Bernard, 1967: 168 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Formica pharaonis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Pharaophanes Bernard, 1953b: 238 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Unavailable name; proposed without designation of type-species. Species included by Bernard (1953) are all referable to Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 288; Bolton, 1995b: 42 (see also note in Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 90).]
Pharaophanes as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 2003: 213.
Antichthonidris Snelling, R.R. 1975: 5. Type-species: Monomorium denticulatum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Antichthonidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Antichthonidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Antichthonidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Heterick, 2001: 361.
Epelysidris Bolton, 1987: 279. Type-species: Epelysidris brocha, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Epelysidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Epelysidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995a: 1049; Bolton, 1995b: 188.
Epelysidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Genus Monomorium references
Roger, 1863b: 30, 31 (Phacota, Monomorium catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 429, 440 (Monomorium, Phacota catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 19, 22 (Trichomyrmex, Monomorium, Phacota diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 95 (Monomorium diagnosis); Mayr, 1876: 100 (Australia Monomorium species key); Emery, 1881b: 530 (Mediterranean & Red Sea Monomorium species key); André, 1883a: 331, 343 (Europe & Algeria Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); André, 1883b: 397 (Phacota); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A. Monomorium catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 69 (Russia Monomorium species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 65, 71, 72, 78 (Holcomyrmex, Monomorium, Phacota, Trichomyrmex, †Lampromyrmex catalogues); Forel, 1903a: 685, 692 (India & Sri Lanka Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); Bingham, 1903: 200, 282 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 633 (Russian Empire Monomorium species key); Emery, 1908h: 664 (Palaearctic Monomorium species key); Emery, 1915i: 190 (Monomorium subgenera key); Arnold, 1916: 203, 204 (Monomorium diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1916b: 161 (Italy Monomorium species key); Santschi, 1921c: 121 (Syllophopsis species key); Emery, 1922e: 166 (Monomorium diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 168 (M. (Chelaner) & M. (Notomyrmex) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 170 (M. (Monomorium) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 174 (M. (Corynomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 175 (M. (Syllophopsis) & M. (Xeromyrmex) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 179 (M. (Parholcomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 181 (M. (Holcomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 183 (M. (Lampromyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 184 (Epixenus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 185 (Trichomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 186 (Wheeleriella diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 187 (Phacota diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 204 (Epoecus diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 161, 675, 862, 1026 (Monomorium diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Menozzi, 1933b: 64 (Israel Monomorium species key); Santschi, 1936a: 33 (Mediterranean & Africa M. (Xeromyrmex) key); Buren, 1944a: 289 (U.S.A., Iowa Monomorium species key); Kusnezov, 1949a: 431 (Argentina Monomorium species); Creighton, 1950a: 217 (North America Monomorium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 239 (Epoecus, review of genus); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 162, 169 (Asia Ireneidris, Monomorium, Trichomyrmex, Wheeleriella checklists); Bernard, 1955b: 282 (Epixenus species key); Brown, 1958h: 28 (New Zealand Monomorium species key); Gregg, 1963: 367 (U.S.A., Colorado Monomorium species key); Ettershank, 1966: 82, 93, 100 (Monomorium, Chelaner, Syllophopsis diagnoses, reviews of genera, checklists); Bernard, 1967: 165 (Monomorium diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 143 (Neotropical Monomorium catalogue); Kempf, 1972a: 165 (Nothidris catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 14 (Cuba Monomorium species key); Snelling, R.R. 1975: 5 (Nothidris all species key); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 79 (Nothidris all species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (former European U.S.S.R. Monomorium species key); Collingwood, 1978: 82 (Iberian Peninsula Monomorium species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381 (North America Monomorium catalogue); Tohmé & Tohmé, 1980a: 1087 (Lebanon & Syria Epixenus species key); Collingwood, 1985: 267 (Saudi Arabia Monomorium species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 55, 70 (Australia Chelaner, Monomorium catalogues); DuBois, 1986: 74 (Nearctic Monomorium species revision, key); Bolton, 1987: 281 (Phacota diagnosis, review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 283 (Antichthonidris, review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 284 (Nothidris review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 287 (Monomorium diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Taylor, 1987a: 19, 40 and Taylor, 1987b: 2 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand Monomorium checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 272 (Balkans Monomorium species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 231 (Turkmenistan Monomorium species key); Brandão, 1991: 326, 357 (Neotropical Monomorium catalogue); Brandão, 1991: 361 (Nothidris catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 38 (Japan Monomorium species key); Arakelian, 1994: 46 (Armenia Monomorium species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048, 1050, 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 67, 258, 292, 316 (Antichthonidris, Monomorium, Nothidris, Phacota catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 88 (China Monomorium species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 337 (Saudi Arabia Monomorium species key); Radchenko, 1997f: 211 (M. scabriceps group revision, key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 19 (Portugal Monomorium species key); Shattuck, 1999: 145 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2001: 367 (Australia Monomorium species revision, key); Zhou, 2001b: 112 (China, Guangxi Monomorium species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 127 (U.S.A., New Mexico Monomorium species key); Heterick, 2006: 84 (Malagasy Monomorium species revision, key); Fernández, 2007b: 139 (Neotropical Monomorium species key); Terayama, 2009: 154 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 158 (south-western Australia species key); Aldawood & Sharaf, 2011: 52 (Saudi Arabia M. monomorium group key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Pheidologeton TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 32 species, 16 subspecies
Fossil: 2 species
Pheidologeton Mayr, 1862: 750. Type-species: Oecodoma diversa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 160.
Taxonomic history
Pheidologeton in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 211; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Junior synonyms of PHEIDOLOGETON
Phidologeton Bingham, 1903: 160, unjustified emendation of Pheidologeton.
Taxonomic history
Phidologeton as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880.
Amauromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 1. Type-species: Amauromyrmex speculifrons (junior synonym of Pheidole silenus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Amauromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 3; all subsequent authors.
Amauromyrmex as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
Idrisella Santschi, 1937h: 372. Type-species: Pheidologeton dentiviris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Idrisella in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653.
Idrisella as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
Genus Pheidologeton references
Roger, 1863b: 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 442 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 22 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 100 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 72 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 690 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 162 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 682 (subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880 (Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 211 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 155, 158 (Asia Amauromyrmex, Pheidologeton checklists); Ettershank, 1966: 115 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 79 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 55 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 333 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 72 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 156 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 89 (China, Guangxi species key); Zhou, Zhao & Jia, 2006: 870 (China species key); Terayama, 2009: 156 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Solenopsis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 183 species, 75 subspecies
Fossil: 8 species
Solenopsis Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Solenopsis mandibularis (junior synonym of Atta geminata), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Solenopsis in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 177.
Solenopsis in Attidae: Smith, F. 1860a: 74; Smith, F. 1861b: 48.
Solenopsis in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 333; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Solenopsis in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 24 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 271.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Forel, 1895b: 130; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1899c: 79; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 242; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 195; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kempf, 1972a: 232; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1384; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of SOLENOPSIS
Diplorhoptrum Mayr, 1855: 449. Type-species: Formica fugax, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Diplorhoptrum in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 449 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 72 [Myrmicidae].
Diplorhoptrum in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 195; all subsequent authors.
Diplorhoptrum as genus: Mayr, 1855: 449; Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 68; Kutter, 1977c: 98; Bernard, 1978a: 543; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539; Collingwood, 1979: 64; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 132; Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 167; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 102; Baroni Urbani, 1995: 20 (footnote).
Diplorhoptrum as subgenus of Solenopsis: Creighton, 1930b: 43; Santschi, 1934e: 566 (in text), 568; Creighton, 1950a: 233; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 813; Kusnezov, 1956: 27; Kusnezov, 1957a: 273; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Smith, M.R. 1967: 358.
Diplorhoptrum as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Mayr, 1862: 751; Roger, 1863b: 32; Mayr, 1863: 453; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75; Forel, 1915d: 9; Emery, 1922e: 195; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 877; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 639; Ettershank, 1966: 134; Kempf, 1972a: 232; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1384; Bolton, 1987: 285; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 27.
Octella Forel, 1915b: 70 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Octella) pachycerus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Octella as subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 687; Emery, 1924d: 218.
Octella as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
Octella as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Taylor, 1991db: 611.
Synsolenopsis Forel, 1918b: 155 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Synsolenopsis) bruchi (junior primary homonym in Solenopsis, replaced by Solenopsis bruchiella), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Synsolenopsis as subgenus of Solenopsis: Forel, 1918b: 155; Emery, 1922e: 196.
Synsolenopsis as genus: Creighton, 1930b: 41 (in text); Kusnezov, 1953c: 341; Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Synsolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Diagyne Santschi, 1923c: 268 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis succinea by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Diagyne in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 638.
Diagyne as subgenus of Solenopsis: Santschi, 1923c: 268; Creighton, 1930b: 42; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160.
Diagyne junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Labauchena Santschi, 1930d: 81. Type-species: Labauchena daguerrei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Labauchena in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Santschi, 1930d: 81; all subsequent authors.
Labauchena as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Euophthalma Creighton, 1930b: 43 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Myrmica globularia, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Euophthalma as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Oedaleocerus Creighton, 1930b: 43 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis angulata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Oedaleocerus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 677.
Oedaleocerus as subgenus of Solenopsis: Creighton, 1930b: 43.
Oedaleocerus as genus: Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Oedaleocerus as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Bisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1953d: 9. Type-species: Bisolenopsis sea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bisolenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1953d: 9; Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 159; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Bisolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
[Disolenopsis Snelling, R.R. 1981: 397, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Paranamyrma Kusnezov, 1953d: 17. Type-species: Paranamyrma solenopsidis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Paranamyrma also described as new by Kusnezov, 1954a: 9.]
Paranamyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1957a: 267 (in key); Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Paranamyrma as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Granisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1956: 26 [as subgenus of Solenopsis] (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Solenopsis (Granisolenopsis) granivora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Granisolenopsis also described as new by Kusnezov, 1957a: 277.]
Granisolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Lilidris Kusnezov, 1956: 26 (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Lilidris metatarsalis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Lilidris also described as new by Kusnezov, 1957a: 274 and Kusnezov, 1958b: 189.]
Lilidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1957a: 274; Kusnezov, 1958b: 189; Kusnezov, 1962b: 159; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Lilidris as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Genus Solenopsis references
Smith, F. 1858b: 177 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 32 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 24 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 109 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 996 (all species key); André, 1883b: 387 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 75 (catalogue); Emery, 1896g: 82 (New World species key); Forel, 1903a: 689 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 158 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1909a: 29 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 165 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1916: 242 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 195 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 163, 877, 1028 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 218 (Oligomyrmex (Octella) diagnosis, catalogue); Creighton, 1930b: 42 (subgenera key); Creighton, 1930b: 45 (S. (Solenopsis) species key); Creighton, 1930b: 106 (S. (Euophthalma) species key); Cole, 1942: 361 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Bernard, 1950a: 5 (France species key); Creighton, 1950a: 228 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 167 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1952b: 50 (South America S. saevissima complex, key); Kusnezov, 1953c: 347 (Synsolenopsis species key); Gregg, 1963: 370 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Snelling, R.R. 1963: 1 (U.S.A S. geminata group species); Ettershank, 1966: 134 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Bernard, 1967: 170 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kusnezov, 1969: 37 (Bisolenopsis species key); Buren, 1972: 1 (S. geminata group, partial revision); Kempf, 1972a: 232 (Neotropical catalogue); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 81 (Chile species key); Kutter, 1977c: 99 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 82 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Bernard, 1978a: 573 (France species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1385 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 443 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 302 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 87 (Australia catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 50 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 72 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (Balkans species key); Bolton, 1987: 285 (synonymy notes); Thompson & Johnson, 1989: 697 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 240 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 378 (Neotropical catalogue); Trager, 1991: 141 (S. geminata group revision, key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 41 (Japan species key); Arakelian, 1994: 48 (Armenia species key); Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 102 (Central Palaearctic species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 386 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 70 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 358 (Saudi Arabia species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 18 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 165 (Australia synopsis); Taber, 2000: 234 (U.S.A. S. geminata group, key); Snelling, R.R. 2001: 522 (Puerto Rico S. fugax group, key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 196 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Terayama, 2009: 157 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 176 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 171 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil: 5 species
Myrmica Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica rubra, by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810: 437; see also Yarrow, 1955b: 113.
Taxonomic history
Myrmica in Myrmicites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 180.
Myrmica in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 114.
Myrmica in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 324; Cresson, 1887: 260.
Myrmica in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 396 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 62 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 460 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 108.
Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 63; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 40; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 59; Forel, 1917: 241; Bondroit, 1918: 96; Emery, 1921f: 36; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of MYRMICA
Sifolinia Emery, 1907: 49. Type-species: Sifolinia laurae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sifolinia in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 117; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661.
Sifolinia in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Collingwood, 1979: 58; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Sifolinia as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 219.
†Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60. Type-species: †Macromischa rudis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[†Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 413, and Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 167, nomina nuda.]
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60; all subsequent authors except the following.
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675 (error).
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 292.
†Nothomyrmica incertae sedis in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Bolton, 2003: 62.
†Nothomyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1495.
Sommimyrma Menozzi, 1925d: 25. Type-species: Sommimyrma symbiotica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Sommimyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726.
Sommimyrma as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 224.
Symbiomyrma Arnol'di, 1930c: 267. Type-species: Symbiomyrma karavajevi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Symbiomyrma also described as new by Arnol'di, 1933a: 41.]
Symbiomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Karavaiev, 1934: 102.
Symbiomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 729.
Symbiomyrma as genus: Karavaiev, 1934: 102; Seifert, 1994: 15; Seifert, 1996b: 236.
Symbiomyrma as junior synonym of Sifolinia: Samsinak, 1964: 156.
Symbiomyrma as junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3; Bolton, 1994: 106; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 219.
Paramyrmica Cole, 1957a: 37. Type-species: Paramyrmica colax, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paramyrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257.
Paramyrmica as genus: Gregg, 1961: 215; Smith, M.R. 1967: 350; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1351.
Paramyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3.
Dodecamyrmica Arnol'di, 1968: 1803 [as subgenus of Myrmica]. Type-species: Myrmica arnoldii, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dodecamyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Francoeur, 1981: 759; Bolton, 1988a: 4.
Genus Myrmica references
Mayr, 1855: 396, 397 (diagnosis, Austria species key); Smith, F. 1858b: 114 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 62 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 28 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 429 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 19 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 192 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 75 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883a: 315 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 260 (U.S.A. catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 246 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 71 (Russia species key); Lameere, 1892: 68 (Belgium species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 108 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 696 (India species key); Bingham, 1903: 267 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 652 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 15 (Luxemburg species key); Emery, 1908a: 165 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 493 (Belgium species key); Stitz, 1914: 70 (Central Europe species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 110 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 121 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Bondroit, 1918: 98 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1921f: 36 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 117 (Sifolinia diagnosis, catalogue); Finzi, 1926: 77 (diagnosis, European species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e: 190 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 258 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 118 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 599 (Russia species key); Arnol'di, 1934: 151 (former European U.S.S.R. species, biometrics); Karavaiev, 1934: 63 (Ukraine species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 293 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 74 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 75 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 75 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 367 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 168 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 281 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 175 (Belgium species key); Weber, 1947: 444 (North America species key); Creighton, 1950a: 92 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 124 (Asia checklist); Sadil, 1952: 264 (Czechia & Slovakia species key); Collingwood, 1958b: 65 (Britain species key); Boven, 1959: 7 (Netherlands species key); Gregg, 1963: 290 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 96 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Collingwood, 1964: 101 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 107 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 156 (Sifolinia diagnosis); Boven, 1970b: 16 (Netherlands species key); Arnol'di, 1970b: 1832 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Kutter, 1973c: 253 (morphology, satellite genera, Sifolinia, Sommimyrma, Symbiomyrma, key to first); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 5 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1976a: 554 (central Asia & Kazakhstan species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 20 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 43 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 530 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 78 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 41 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1347, 1351 (North America Myrmica, Paramyrmica catalogues); Francoeur, 1981: 755 (M. lampra group); Allred, 1982: 440 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 294 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 22 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Kupyanskaya, 1986a: 83 (Far Eastern Russia M. lobicornis group, key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 62 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 267 (Balkans species key); Seifert, 1988b: 43 (Europe, Asia Minor & Caucasus species key); Bolton, 1988a: 3 (diagnosis, review of genus, venation); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 181 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 92 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 8 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 80 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 20 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 105 (South Siberia species key); Radchenko, 1994c: 130 (Central & Eastern Palaearctic species key); Douwes, 1995: 86 (Sweden species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 337 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 277 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 91 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 140 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 45 (Britain species key); Radchenko, Czechowski & Czechowsa, 1997: 481 (Poland species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 12 (Portugal species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 1998: 3 (M. ritae group, key); Elmes & Radchenko, 1998: 218 (Taiwan species key); Wei, Zhou, He & Liu, 2001: 561 (China species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2001: 262 (Himalaya species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 141 (Poland species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 239 (Palaearctic socially parasitic species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 133 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Radchenko, Elmes & Bui, 2006: 43 (Vietnam species key); Radchenko, Elmes & Alicata, 2006: 531 (Palaearctic schencki group key); Seifert, 2007: 131 (North and Central Europe species key); Francoeur, 2007: 156 (punctiventris group key); Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1497 (late Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 160 (Taiwan species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 85 (pachei group key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 713 (Palaearctic, Oriental, all species revision, keys).
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 461 species, 16 subspecies
Fossil:
Tetramorium Mayr, 1855: 423. Type-species: Formica caespitum, by subsequent designation of Girard, 1879: 1016.
Taxonomic history
Tetramorium in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 423 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 61 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 20 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 457 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 130.
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Forel, 1899c: 52; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Arnold, 1917: 271; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 275; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of TETRAMORIUM
Tetrogmus Roger, 1857: 10. Type-species: Tetrogmus caldarius, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tetrogmus as subgenus of Tetramorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141.
Tetrogmus as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Roger, 1862c: 297; all subsequent authors except the above; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195.
Xiphomyrmex Forel, 1887: 385 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Xiphomyrmex) kelleri, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 175.
Taxonomic history
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 130.
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 286; all subsequent authors.
Xiphomyrmex as subgenus of Tetramorium: Dalla Torre, 1893: 130; Forel, 1899c: 53; Forel, 1903a: 700; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Arnold, 1917: 274; Arnold, 1926: 277.
Xiphomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1895j: 770; Emery, 1896e: 183; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 193; Emery, 1924d: 286; Smith, M.R. 1938a: 126; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736; Creighton, 1950a: 293; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 824; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 179; Bernard, 1953b: 250; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Xiphomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bingham, 1903: 175; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Triglyphothrix Forel, 1890b: cvi. Type-species: Triglyphothrix walshi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Triglyphothrix in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 135.
Triglyphothrix in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 272; all subsequent authors.
Triglyphothrix as subgenus of Tetramorium: Arnold, 1917: 274; Arnold, 1926: 272.
Triglyphothrix as genus: Forel, 1890b: cvi. Dalla Torre, 1893: 135; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1903a: 703; Bingham, 1903: 171; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 196; Emery, 1924d: 272; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734; Creighton, 1950a: 285; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 823; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 178; Bernard, 1953b: 248; Kempf, 1972a: 255; Bolton, 1976: 310; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1399; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 91.
Triglyphothrix as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1985: 247; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Atopula Emery, 1912b: 104. Type-species: Atopomyrmex nodifer, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Atopula in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242 [subtribe Podomyrmini]; all subsequent authors to Bolton, 1976: 359.
Atopula in Myrmicinae, Podomyrmini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Atopula as subgenus of Vollenhovia: Emery, 1912d: 273.
Atopula as subgenus of Terataner: Arnold, 1952b: 129.
Atopula as genus: Emery, 1912b: 104; Emery, 1914a: 41; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242; Bernard, 1948: 177; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (anachronism).
Atopula as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Macromischoides Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Macromischa aculeata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Macromischoides in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism).
Macromischoides in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Santschi, 1924b: 207; all subsequent authors.
Macromischoides as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 187; Santschi, 1924b: 206; Bernard, 1953b: 248; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Macromischoides as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 196.
[Macromichoides Santschi, 1924b: 206, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Lobomyrmex Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Lobomyrmex) ferox silhavyi (junior synonym of Tetramorium ferox), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lobomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 196.
Sulcomyrmex Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Kratochvíl (1941) are all referable to Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359.]
Apomyrmex Calilung, 2000: 66. Type-species: Apomyrmex manobo, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Apomyrmex incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Calilung, 2000: 66.
Apomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 2003: 227, 269.
Genus Tetramorium references
Roger, 1863b: 26, 27 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 456 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 20 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 972 (all species key); André, 1883a: 285 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1893e: 214 (Triglyphothrix species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 130, 135 (Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Forel, 1903a: 700, 703 (India & Sri Lanka Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix species keys); Bingham, 1903: 172, 175 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Triglyphothrix, Tetramorium species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 517 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1909d: 695 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 195 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1917: 271, 275, 334, 345 (diagnosis, South Africa Tetramorium (Tetramorium), T. (Triglyphothrix), T. (Xiphomyrmex) species keys); Bondroit, 1918: 106 (France & Belgium species key); Mann, 1919: 353 (Papuasia Triglyphothrix species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 187, 190, 193, 196 (Macromischoides, Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 886, 889, 893, 906, 909 (Afrotropical Atopula, Macromischoides, Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1030, 1031, 1032 (Malagasy Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 242 (Atopula diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 272 (Triglyphothrix diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 275 (Tetramorium diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 286 (Xiphomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1924b: 210 (Macromischoides species key); Arnold, 1926: 241 (South Africa Tetramorium (Tetramorium) species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 74 (Israel species key); Finzi, 1936: 183 (Egypt species key); Smith, M.R. 1938a: 127 (North America Xiphomyrmex species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 84 (Central Europe species key); Smith, M.R. 1943b: 2 (North America species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 76, 95 (Central Europe species key); Creighton, 1950a: 290, 293 (North America Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 174, 178, 179 (Asia Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix, Xiphomyrmex checklists); Brown, 1958h: 27 (New Zealand species); Bernard, 1967: 227 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 249, 255 (Neotropical Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 18 (Cuba species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 105 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Bolton, 1976: 310, 314, 341 (Triglyphothrix diagnosis, Afrotropical, Oriental & Malesian species revisions, keys); Bolton, 1976: 359 (Tetramorium diagnosis, review of genus, synonymy); Bolton, 1977: 72, 133 (Oriental & Malesian, Australia species revisions, keys); Kutter, 1977c: 150 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 544 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 86 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 82 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1399, 1400 (North America Triglyphothrix, Tetramorium catalogues); Bolton, 1979: 132, 159 (Malagasy, New World species revisions, keys); Bolton, 1980: 196, 205 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Collingwood, 1985: 262 (Saudi Arabia species key); Gösswald, 1985: 311 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 88 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 78 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 277 (Balkans species key); Wang, M., Xiao & Wu, 1988: 264 (China species key); Radchenko & Arakelian, 1990: 371 (Crimea & Caucasus T. ferox complex, key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 197 (Turkmenistan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 149 (Bulgaria species key); Radchenko, 1992a: 44 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 33 (Japan species key); Arakelian, 1994: 60 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 109 (South Siberia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 403 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 79 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 332 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 158 (Central Europe species key); Cagniant, 1997: 89 (Morocco species key); Radchenko, Czechowski & Czechowsa, 1998: 107 (Poland species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 17 (Portugal species key); Sanetra, Güsten & Schulz, 1999: 317 (Italy, species); Shattuck, 1999: 168 (Australia synopsis); Chang & He, 2001a: 1 (northwest China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 100 (China, Guangxi species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 145 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 214 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Seifert, 2007: 145 (North and Central Europe species key); Csösz, Radchenko & Schulz, 2007: 8 (T. chefketi complex key); Terayama, 2009: 162 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 177 (south-western Australia species key); Csösz & Schulz, 2010: 12 (T. ferox complex key); Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010b: 12 (Afrotropical T. weitzeckeri species group key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 176 species, 39 subspecies
Fossil: 19 species
Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853b: 107. Type-species: Aphaenogaster sardoa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 270.
Taxonomic history
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 466 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 461 [Myrmicidae]; Cresson, 1887: 260 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1891b: 166; Forel, 1895b: 129; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 58; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 53; Santschi, 1932b: 13; Kempf, 1972a: 22 (anachronism).
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Aphaenogastrini: Enzmann, J. 1947b: 147.
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Pheidolidae]; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 55 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Brown, 1949a: 48; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 131; all subsequent authors.
Aphaenogaster as junior synonym of Atta: Mayr, 1863: 395.
Aphaenogaster as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Aphaenogaster as genus: Emery, 1908c: 309; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of APHAENOGASTER
Deromyrma Forel, 1913b: 350 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) swammerdami, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Deromyrma also described as new by Forel, 1913k: 49.]
Deromyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1913b: 350; Forel, 1913k: 49; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 64; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; all subsequent authors to the following.
Deromyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Planimyrma Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) loriai, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Planimyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; all subsequent authors to the following.
Planimyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Attomyrma Emery, 1915d: 70 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Formica subterranea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Attomyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1915d: 70; Emery, 1916b: 129; Emery, 1921f: 56; all subsequent authors to the following.
Attomyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Novomessor Emery, 1915d: 73. Type-species: Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) cockerelli, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Novomessor in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 66 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors except the following.
Novomessor in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675; Kempf, 1972a: 166.
Novomessor as genus: Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 343; Creighton, 1950a: 155; Hölldobler, Stanton & Engel, 1976: 32.
Novomessor as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1974b: 47; Bolton, 1982: 364 (discussion pp. 339-341).
Nystalomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 215 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Myrmica longiceps, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nystalomyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 215; Emery, 1921f: 61; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676.
Nystalomyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Brunella Forel, 1917: 234. Type-species: Aphaenogaster belti, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Brunella in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Forel, 1917: 245.
Brunella in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Brunella incertae sedis in Formicidae: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 259 (anachronism, incomprehensible entry).
Brunella incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Brunella as junior synonym of Atopula: Emery, 1924d: 242; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Brunella as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364; Bolton, 1994: 106.
†Sinaphaenogaster Zhang, 1989: 266 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: †Paraphaenogaster shanwangensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Sinaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 2003: 230, 273.
Genus Aphaenogaster references
Mayr, 1855: 466 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 29 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 19 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 92 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 195 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 74 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883b: 348 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1886d: 443 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 260 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1888a: 531 (A. (Ischnomyrmex) species key); Nasonov, 1889: 74 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 98 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 693 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 270 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 714 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908c: 310 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 495 (Belgium species key); Emery, 1916b: 132 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 585 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 213 (Australia species); Bondroit, 1918: 156 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1921f: 55 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 56, 61, 64, 65 (A. (Attomyrma, Nystalomyrma, Deromyrma, Planimyrma) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1921f: 66 (Novomessor diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680 (subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1016, 1029 (Aphaenogaster, Brunella catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 348 (Novomessor species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 296 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 112 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 81 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 81 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 363 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 284 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 140, 155 (North America Aphaenogaster, Novomessor species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 131 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1961b: 218 (New Guinea species key); Gregg, 1963: 336 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Bernard, 1967: 128 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 22, 166 (Neotropical Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma), Novomessor catalogues); Arnol'di, 1976b: 1023 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Kutter, 1977c: 77 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 536 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 79 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 439 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 54 (Australia catalogue); Gösswald, 1985: 298 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 35 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 8 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 269 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 211 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 326 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 15 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 107 (Bulgaria species key); Schulz, A. 1994a: 425 (A. (Attomyrma), partial key); Arakelian, 1994: 29 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 68 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 110 (China species key); Umphrey, 1996: 557 (North America A. fulva complex key); Cagniant, 1996a: 67 (Morocco species key); Seifert, 1996b: 156 (Central Europe species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 13 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 126 (Australia synopsis); Park & Kim, 2000: 108 (Korea species key); Zhou, 2001b: 142 (China, Guangxi species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 60 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Longino & Cover, 2004: 1 (A. phalangium complex revision); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 144 (North and Central Europe species key); Shattuck, 2008a: 27 (Australia species revision, key); Terayama, 2009: 164 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 144 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Lophomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE11 species
Lophomyrmex Emery, 1892a: 114. Type-species: Oecodoma quadrispinosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Lophomyrmicini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 208; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Rigato, 1994a: 50.
Lophomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Dlussky, 1997: 625 (error).
Genus Lophomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 74 (catalogue); Emery, 1893e: 192 (all species key); Forel, 1903a: 695 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 195 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1924d: 208 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 155 (Asia checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 132 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Rigato, 1994a: 47 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 248 (catalogue); Sheela & Ghosh, 2008: 17 (India species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 112 species, 49 subspecies
Fossil:
Messor Forel, 1890a: lxviii [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Formica barbara, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 277.
Taxonomic history
Messor in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Messor in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 59; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Messor in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Arnold, 1920a: 404; Emery, 1921f: 68 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Messor as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1890a: lxviii; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Forel, 1899c: 59.
Messor as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Messor as genus: Bingham, 1903: 277; Ruzsky, 1905b: 726; Emery, 1908e: 437; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Forel, 1917: 241; Bondroit, 1918: 149; Arnold, 1920a: 404; Emery, 1921f: 68; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of MESSOR
Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892d: 572. Type-species: Cratomyrmex regalis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cratomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 43; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 635.
Cratomyrmex as subgenus of Messor: Santschi, 1920d: 378.
Cratomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1892d: 572; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 43; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660, 802; Bernard, 1971: 6.
Cratomyrmex as junior synonym of Messor: Emery, 1924d: 357; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 635; Bolton, 1982: 338; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Veromessor Forel, 1917: 235 [as subgenus of Novomessor]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster andrei, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1921f: 67.
Taxonomic history
Veromessor in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Veromessor as subgenus of Novomessor: Forel, 1917: 235; Emery, 1921f: 67; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Veromessor as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 354; Creighton, 1950a: 157; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 799; Kusnezov, 1952b: 10 (in key); Kempf, 1972a: 257; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1364.
Veromessor as junior synonym of Messor: Bolton, 1982: 338.
Lobognathus Enzmann, J. 1947b: 152 [as subgenus of Veromessor]. Erroneous entry for Veromessor lobognathus and hence junior synonym of Veromessor: Brown, 1949a: 49.
[Sphaeromessor Bernard, 1985: 48. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Bernard (1985) are all referable to Messor: Bolton, 1995b: 46.]
Genus Messor references
Forel, 1903a: 693 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 278 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 726 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908e: 437 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 143 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 149 (France & Belgium species key); Arnold, 1920a: 404 (diagnosis); Emery, 1921f: 43 (Cratomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 67 (Veromessor diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 68 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 802 (Afrotropical Cratomyrmex, Messor catalogues); Santschi, 1927c: 247 (M. instabilis group key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927a: 89 (Central Asia species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929d: 4 (Central Asia species key); Finzi, 1929: 77 (Italy species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 56 (Israel species key); Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 360 (Veromessor species key); Finzi, 1936: 160 (Egypt species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 82 (Central Europe species key); Creighton, 1950a: 158 (North America Veromesor species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 136 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1955a: 360 (Mediterranean M. structor group key); Smith, M.R. 1956a: 36 (U.S.A. Veromessor species key); Bernard, 1967: 137 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 257 (Neotropical Veromessor catalogue); Tarbinsky, 1976: 50 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Arnol'di, 1977b: 1640 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 537 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 80 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1364 (North America Veromessor catalogue); Bolton, 1982: 338 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Collingwood, 1985: 248 (Saudi Arabia species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 38 (U.S.A., Nevada Veromessor species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 270 (Balkans species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 215 (Turkmenistan species key); Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990b: 156 (Corsica species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 113 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 33 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 252 (catalogue); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 314 (Saudi Arabia species key); Cagniant & Espadaler, 1998: 419 (Morocco species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 14 (Portugal species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 970 species, 142 subspecies
Fossil: 4 species
Pheidole Westwood, 1839: 219. Type-species: Atta providens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pheidole in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 172.
Pheidole in Attidae: Smith, F. 1860a: 74; Smith, F. 1862a: 49.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 331; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1861: 69 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 463 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 88.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 127; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 64; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Kempf, 1972a: 183 (anachronism).
Pheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Arnold, 1920a: 414; Emery, 1921f: 77; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors except Kempf, 1972a: 183, above.
Junior synonyms of PHEIDOLE
Oecophthora Heer, 1852: 15. Type-species: Oecophthora pusilla (junior synonym of Formica megacephala), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Oecophthora in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 453 [Myrmicidae].
Oecophthora as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 172; Roger, 1863b: 30.
Ischnomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 738. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 18 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Ischnomyrmex as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 461; Bingham, 1903: 270.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1891b: 166; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Forel, 1899c: 59; Emery, 1908c: 313; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1902h: 439; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 49.
Ischnomyrmex as genus: Mayr, 1862: 738; Emery, 1914a: 40; Viehmeyer, 1914d: 601; Forel, 1917: 241; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Emery, 1922e: 113. Stitz, 1911a: 367; Kusnezov, 1952b: 10 (in key).
Ischnomyrmex as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Leptomyrma Motschoulsky, 1863: 17. Type-species: Leptomyrma gracilipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Leptomyrma in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 329.
Leptomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1892b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Pheidolacanthinus Smith, F. 1865: 75. Type-species: Pheidolacanthinus armatus (junior synonym of Myrmica quadrispinosa), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pheidolacanthinus in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 333.
Pheidolacanthinus in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Pheidolacanthinus as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 81; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Pheidolacanthinus as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Ceratopheidole Pergande, 1896: 889 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) granulata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ceratopheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Ceratopheidole as genus: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 104 (anachronism).
Ceratopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Pergande, 1896: 889; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
Ceratopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Epipheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1903f: 664. Type-species: Epipheidole inquilina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Epipheidole also described as new by Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 14.]
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 114; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Creighton, 1950a: 192.
Epipheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Cole, 1965: 174; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Phidole Bingham, 1903: 220, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
Taxonomic history
Phidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Wheeler, 1922a: 806.
Sympheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 7. Type-species: Sympheidole elecebra, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 115; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors to the following.
Sympheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Phidola Schulz, W.A. 1906: 155, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
Taxonomic history
Phidola as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.
Allopheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole kingi (junior synonym of Pheidole tepicana), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.
Taxonomic history
Allopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1912f: 237; Forel, 1917: 241.
Allopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Emery, 1921f: 84; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Decapheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole perpusilla, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
Decapheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661.
Decapheidole as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Borgmeier, 1927c: 78.
Decapheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1912f: 237, Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
Decapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Isopheidole Forel, 1912m: 765 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Isopheidole as junior synonym of Ischnomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1913k: 49; Emery, 1922e: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680 (in key). [Ischnomyrmex and Isopheidole share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Elasmopheidole Forel, 1913k: 43 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole aberrans, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1915i: 190.
Taxonomic history
Elasmopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 43; Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 110; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Elasmopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Cardiopheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole vaslitii, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cardiopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48; Forel, 1917: 241.
Cardiopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Emery, 1921f: 84; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Anergatides Wasmann, 1915b: 281. Type-species: Anergatides kohli (junior secondary homonym in Pheidole, replaced by Pheidole neokohli), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anergatides in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 243 [subtribe Anergatini]; Emery, 1922e: 116 [subtribe Anergatidini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 623.
Anergatides in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism).
Anergatides as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 328; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Parapheidole Emery, 1915d: 68. Type-species: Aphaenogaster oculata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Parapheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 115; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Parapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Macropheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole fimbriata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Macropheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 81; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Macropheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 800; Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Scrobopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole scrobifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Scrobopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Scrobopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Stegopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Elasmopheidole) upeneci, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Stegopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1921f: 83; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Stegopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Trachypheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole bicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Trachypheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Trachypheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Electropheidole Mann, 1921: 438 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Electropheidole) roosevelti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 642.
Taxonomic history
Electropheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Mann, 1921: 438; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 672; all subsequent authors to the following.
Electropheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Bruchomyrma Santschi, 1922d: 248. Type-species: Bruchomyrma acutidens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bruchomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Bruchomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 42.
Bruchomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 327; Bolton, 1994: 106; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Bruchomyrma as genus: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Cephalomorium Forel, 1922: 91 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Cephalomorium) bahai, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cephalomorium as junior synonym of Hendecapheidole: Santschi, 1925d: 228.
Hendecapheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1922d: 3 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole tachigaliae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hendecapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Gallardomyrma Bruch, 1932: 271. Type-species: Gallardomyrma argentina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Gallardomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646.
Gallardomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 110.
Gallardomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 327; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Gallardomyrma as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 110; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Conothoracoides Strand, 1935: 176.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Conothorax Karavaiev; junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
Conothoracoides as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Homonym replaced by Conothoracoides
Conothorax Karavaiev, 1935a: 75. Type-species: Conothorax bilobum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Conothorax Karavaiev junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
Conothorax in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Karavaiev, 1935a: 75.
Eriopheidole Kusnezov, 1952a: 10. Type-species: Eriopheidole symbiotica (unresolved junior secondary homonym in Pheidole), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eriopheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Kusnezov, 1952a: 10.
Eriopheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 107.
Eriopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Eriopheidole as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 107; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Xenoaphaenogaster Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 50. Type-species: Xenoaphaenogaster inquilina (junior synonym of Myrmica pallidula), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Xenoaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Monomorium: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional].
Xenoaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Pheidole: Bolton, 1987: 291.
Genus Pheidole references
Smith, F. 1858b: 172 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 70 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 27, 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424, 440 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 18, 22 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 92, 96 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1870b: 977, 979 (Australia & New World species keys); Mayr, 1876: 102 (Australia species key); André, 1883b: 382 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1879: 674 (Asia species key); Mayr, 1887: 582 (New World species key); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A., catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 75 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 88, 98 (Pheidole, Pheidolacanthinus catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 288 (North America species key); Mayr, 1896: 241 (Africa species, partial key); Emery, 1896g: 80 (P. flavens group, key); Forel, 1902c: 165 (India species key); Forel, 1902f: 523 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 223 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 133 (Puerto Rico species key); Arnold, 1920a: 414 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1921f: 78 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 81 (P. (Macropheidole) & P. (Pheidolacanthinus) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1921f: 83 (P. (Stegopheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Mann, 1921: 442 (Fiji Is species key); Emery, 1922e: 110 (P. (Elasmopheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 111 (P. (Trachypheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 112 (P. (Scrobopheidole), P. (Decapheidole) & P. (Ceratopheidole) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 113 (Ischnomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 114 (Epipheidole diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 115 (Sympheidole, Parapheidole diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 116 (Anergatides diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 126, 672 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 806, 879 (Afrotropical Pheidole, Anergatides catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1017, 1021 (Malagasy Pheidole, Parapheidole catalogues); Gallardo, 1932c: 179 (Argentina Elasmopheidole species key); Finzi, 1936: 165 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 298 (Himalaya species key); Cole, 1942: 362 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 285 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 163 (North America species key); Creighton, 1950a: 192, 194 (North America Epipheidole, Sympheidole species); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135, 137 (Asia Ceratopheidole, Conothorax, Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole checklists); Kusnezov, 1952b: 61 (Argentina species key); Smith, M.R. 1955c: 302 (P. (Hendecapheidole) species key); Gregg, 1959: 9 (U.S.A. species key); Gregg, 1963: 407 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 126 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 149 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Gregg, 1969: 95 (addition to Gregg, 1959 U.S.A. key); Kempf, 1972a: 183 (Neotropical catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 11 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 441 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Ogata, 1982: 191 (Japan species key); Collingwood, 1985: 253 (Saudi Arabia species key); Naves, 1985: 54 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 74 (Australia catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 41 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 53 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 271 (Balkans species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 123 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 368 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 22 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 345 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 316 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 99 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 322 (Saudi Arabia species key); Park & Kim, 2000: 109 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 152 (Australia synopsis); Eguchi, 1999: 103 (Borneo P. longipes group, key); Ward, 2000: 96 (U.S.A. P. hyatti complex, key); Zhou, 2001b: 121 (China, Guangxi species key); Eguchi, 2001b: 10 (Borneo species key); ; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 149 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key)Wilson, 2003: 27 (New World, all species revision, keys); Sarnat, 2008: 8 (Fiji Is P. roosevelti group, key); Eguchi, 2008: 8 (North Vietnam species key); Terayama, 2009: 171 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 169 (south-western Australia species key); Sarnat & Moreau, 2011: 114 (P. roosevelti group phylogeny and radiation).
Genera incertae sedis in Pheidolini
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla TRUE TRUE FALSE67 species, 2 subspecies
Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869b: 20. Type-species: Cardiocondyla elegans, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 70.
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Arnold, 1916: 200; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 124; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism); Jaffe, 1993: 10 (anachronism).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Bolton, 1982: 311 (in text).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Junior synonyms of CARDIOCONDYLA
Emeryia Forel, 1890b: cx. Type-species: Emeryia wroughtonii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Emeryia as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Forel, 1892h: 461; Forel, 1892i: 313; Dalla Torre, 1893: 70.
Xenometra Emery, 1917a: 96. Type-species: Xenometra monilicornis (junior synonym of Cardiocondyla emeryi), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xenometra in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Emery, 1922e: 126; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; subsequent authors.
Xenometra as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Baroni Urbani, 1973: 199; Marikovsky & Yakushin, 1974: 60.
Dyclona Santschi, 1930b: 70 (footnote) [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Monomorium cristatum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dyclona as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Loncyda Santschi, 1930b: 70 [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Loncyda) monardi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Loncyda as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Prosopidris Wheeler, W.M. 1935b: 40 [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Prosopidris) sima, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Prosopidris in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 688.
Prosopidris as genus: Reiskind, 1965: 80.
Prosopidris as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Genus Cardiocondyla references
André, 1883a: 327 (Europe & Algeria species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 70 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 688 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 287 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 623 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1909a: 20 (Palaearctic species key); Arnold, 1916: 200 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 124 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 126 (Xenometra diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 149, 827, 1021 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 37 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1934: 114 (Ukraine species key); Finzi, 1936: 172 (Egypt species key); Smith, M.R. 1944a: 32 (U.S.A. species key); Creighton, 1950a: 197 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 83 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1956c: 301 (Palaearctic species key); Bernard, 1967: 156 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 158 (Xenometra diagnosis); Kempf, 1972a: 73, 259 (Neotropical Cardiocondyla, Xenometra catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 12 (Cuba species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 71 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 86 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375 (North America catalogue); Bolton, 1982: 309 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species key); Kugler, J. 1984: 17 (males, key); Collingwood, 1985: 256 (Saudi Arabia species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 276 (Balkans species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 193 (Turkmenistan species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 31 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 172 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 42 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 132 (catalogue); Radchenko, 1995b: 452 (Palaearctic species key); Mackay, 1995: 170 (New World species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 68 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 326 (Saudi Arabia species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 16 (Portugal species key); Terayama, 1999d: 99 (Japan species, review); Shattuck, 1999: 129 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 85 (China, Guangxi species key); Rigato, 2002: 172 (Afrotropical species key); Seifert, 2003a: 292 (C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, C. minutior groups revision, key); Terayama, 2009: 179 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Leptothorax TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 18 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil:
Leptothorax Mayr, 1855: 431. Type-species: Formica acervorum, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 214.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Myrmica clypeata, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1912d: 271; repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79 and Emery, 1924d: 248.]
Leptothorax in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 431 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 57 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 20 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 458 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 122.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 54; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 63; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Emery, 1914a: 42; Arnold, 1916: 257; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 247; subsequent authors to the following.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105; Mackay, 2000: 267.
Junior synonyms of LEPTOTHORAX
Mychothorax Ruzsky, 1904a: 288. Type-species: Formica acervorum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Mychothorax as subgenus of Leptothorax: Ruzsky, 1905b: 609; Emery, 1915g: 24; Emery, 1916b: 176; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679; Emery, 1924d: 260; Creighton, 1950a: 274.
Mychothorax as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Smith, M.R. 1950: 29; Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Bolton, 1982: 319. [Leptothorax and Mychothorax share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Doronomyrmex Kutter, 1945: 485. Type-species: Doronomyrmex pacis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Doronomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini:Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Doronomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Doronomyrmex as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Heinze, 1998: 195; Bolton, 2003: 270.
Genus Leptothorax references
Mayr, 1855: 433 (Austria species key); Mayr, 1861: 58 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 26, 28, 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 426, 428, 456 (Leptothorax, Macromischa, Temnothorax catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 19, 20, 21 (Macromischa, Leptothorax, Temnothorax diagnoses); Mayr, 1868c: 83 (†Baltic Amber species key); André, 1874: 188 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 84 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883a: 293 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1886d: 451 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 70 (Russia species key); Emery, 1891b: 5 (North Africa species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 120, 122 (Macromischa, Leptothorax catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 317 (North America species key); Emery, 1896g: 58 (Neotropical species key); Bingham, 1903: 215 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1903c: 223 (North America species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 570 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 16 (Luxemburg species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 141 (Macromischa species key); Santschi, 1909b: 460 (L. rottenbergi group key); Bondroit, 1910: 496 (Belgium species key); Stitz, 1914: 60 (Central Europe species key); Crawley, 1914: 91 (Britain species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 147 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 176 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Arnold, 1916: 257 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Bondroit, 1918: 117 (France & Belgium species key); Mann, 1920: 408 (Macromischa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677 (Macromischa subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679 (Leptothorax subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 890 (Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1029 (Malagasy catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 245 (Macromischa catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 247 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 249 (L. (Goniothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 251 (L. (Leptothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 259 (L. (Temnothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 260 (L. (Dichothorax) & L. (Mychothorax) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 264 (Symmyrmica review, catalogue); Karavaiev, 1927c: 266 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 163 (Britain species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 38 (Turkestan species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1931b: 31 (Macromischa, Croesomyrmex, Antillaemyrmex checklists); Arnol'di, 1933b: 598 (Russia species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 68 (Israel species key); Karavaiev, 1934: 134 (Ukraine species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1937b: 463 (Macromischa checklist); Menozzi, 1939a: 307 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 158 (Germany species key); Smith, M.R. 1939e: 503 (U.S.A. Macromischa species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 89 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 89 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 369 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 172 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 198 (Norway species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 123 (Czechoslovakia males, key); Buren, 1944a: 286 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 178 (Belgium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 251, 256 (North America Macromischa, Leptothorax species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 110 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1952b: 97 (U.S.A. L. tricarinatus complex, key); Bernard, 1956a: 151 (Western Europe species groups); Kusnezov, 1958c: 266 (subgenera key); Boven, 1959: 8 (Netherlands species key); Gregg, 1963: 380 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 139 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Collingwood, 1964: 99 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 185 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 187 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 224 (Doronomyrmex diagnosis); Boven, 1970b: 20 (Netherlands species key); Arnol'di, 1971: 1824 (Kazakhstan species key); Kempf, 1972a: 132, 135 (Neotropical Leptothorax, Macromischa catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 15 (Macromischa Cuba species key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 5 (Britain species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 83 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 103 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 540 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 83 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 68 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 533 (L. (Macromischa) all species revision, key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1391 (North America catalogue); Buschinger, 1981: 211 (Doronomyrmex review); Allred, 1982: 440 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Bolton, 1982: 319 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species key); Gösswald, 1985: 303 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 51 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 60 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Soyunov, 1988: 29 (former U.S.S.R. Temnothorax species); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 184, 188 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 136 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 349 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 26 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 129 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 52 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 111 (South Siberia species key); Radchenko, 1994d: 146 (Central & Eastern Palaearctic species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 235 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 89 (Sweden species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 347 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 108 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 325 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 13 (Central Europe Doronomyrmex species key); Seifert, 1996b: 119 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 45 (Britain species key); Cagniant & Espadaler, 1997: 260 (Morocco species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 16 (Portugal species key); Terayama & Onoyama, 1999: 73 (Japan species key); Mackay, 2000: 265, 288, 297 (New World L. (Myrafant) species revision key, Mexico & Guatemala species key, species complexes key); Fontenla Rizo, 2001: 15 (Cuba Macromischa species key); Chang & He, 2001b: 1 (northwest China species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 143 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 93 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Bolton, 2003: 270 (genus diagnosis); Lyu & Cho, 2003b: 269 (Korea species key); Radchenko, 2004: 131 (Eastern Palaearctic species, key); Deyrup & Cover, 2004a: 56 (southeast U.S.A. species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 118 (North and Central Europe species key).
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 72 species
Fossil: 2 species
Amblyopone Erichson, 1842: 260. Type-species: Amblyopone australis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopone in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 108; Smith, F. 1871a: 324.
Amblyopone in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
Amblyopone in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162; Clark, 1951: 15 (in key).
Amblyopone in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Amblyopone in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895c: 261; Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 25; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 621; Brown, 1953c: 11; all subsequent authors to the following.
Amblyopone in Amblyoponinae, Amblyoponini: Bolton, 2003: 42, 154.
Junior synonyms of AMBLYOPONE
Stigmatomma Roger, 1859: 250. Type-species: Stigmatomma denticulatum, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 36.
Taxonomic history
Stigmatomma in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1861: 53 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 14.
Stigmatomma in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 110 [Amblyoponeridae]
Stigmatomma in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Stigmatomma in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 23; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641.
Stigmatomma as subgenus of Amblyopone: Forel, 1900c: 55; Clark, 1934b: 27; Brown, 1949c: 87.
Stigmatomma as genus: Roger, 1859: 250; Dalla Torre, 1893: 14; Emery, 1895j: 766; Bingham, 1903: 36; Emery, 1911d: 23; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; Borgmeier, 1923: 52; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728; Creighton, 1950a: 31; Kusnezov, 1956: 12.
Stigmatomma as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Mayr, 1887: 546; Brown, 1960a: 155; all subsequent authors.
Arotropus Provancher, 1881a: 205. Type-species: Arotropus binodosus (junior synonym of Typhlopone pallipes), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Arotropus as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Provancher, 1887: 240; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Amblyopopone Dalla Torre, 1893: 13, unjustified emendation of Amblyopone.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Forel, 1893a: 166; Emery, 1911d: 25.
Amblyopopona Schulz, W.A. 1906: 154, unjustified emendation of Amblyopone.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopopona as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Bolton, 1994: 164.
Xymmer Santschi, 1914d: 311 [as subgenus of Stigmatomma]. Type-species: Stigmatomma (Xymmer) muticum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xymmer as subgenus of Stigmatomma: Santschi, 1914d: 311; Forel, 1917: 235; Emery, 1919c: 106; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737.
Xymmer as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641 (in key).
Xymmer as subgenus of Amblyopone: Clark, 1934b: 27.
Xymmer as junior synonym of Stigmatomma: Brown, 1949c: 87.
Xymmer as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 155.
Fulakora Mann, 1919: 279 [as subgenus of Stigmatomma]. Type-species: Stigmatomma (Fulakora) celata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Fulakora as junior synonym of Stigmatomma: Brown, 1949c: 88.
Fulakora as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 155.
Neoamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1 [as subgenus of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Neoamblyopone) clarki, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Neoamblyopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1949c: 87; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Protamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1 [as subgenus of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Protamblyopone) aberrans, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Protamblyopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1949c: 87; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Lithomyrmex Clark, 1928a: 30. Type-species: Lithomyrmex glauerti, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Lithomyrmex in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Clark, 1928a: 30.
Lithomyrmex as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 156.
Ericapelta Kusnezov, 1955: 273. Type-species: Ericapelta egregia, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ericapelta as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 156.
Genus Amblyopone references
Roger, 1863b: 20 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 16 (Amblyopone, Stigmatomma diagnoses); André, 1882c: 233 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 259 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 13, 14 (Amblyopone, Stigmatomma catalogues); Forel, 1900c: 55 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 37 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Stigmatomma species key); Emery, 1911d: 23 (Stigmatomma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 25 (diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1915a: 55 (Mediterranean species key); Emery, 1916b: 100 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 80 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 758 (Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 3 (Austral & New Guinea species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 22, 24 (Asia Amblyopone, Stigmatomma checklists); Brown, 1958h: 11 (New Zealand species); Brown, 1960a: 155, 191 (diagnosis & review of genus, New World species key); Kempf, 1972a: 19 (Neotropical catalogue); Baroni Urbani, 1978a: 41 (Mediterranean species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1334 (North America catalogue); Taylor, 1979: 824 (Melanesia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 18 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 6 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 8 (Japan species key); Terayama, 1989b: 345 (Taiwan species key); Tinaut, 1990d: 189 (Iberian Peninsula species); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 173 (Turkmenistan species key); Lattke, 1991c: 6 (New World species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 61 (Bulgaria species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1047 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 61 (catalogue); Onoyama, 1999: 190 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 179 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001d: 552 (East & South Asia species key); Lacau & Delabie, 2002: 40 (Neotropical species key); Xu, 2006: 152 (China species key); Arias-Penna, 2008a: 43 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 93 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 131 (south-western Australia species key).
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Myopopone TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 1 species
Fossil: 1 species
Myopopone Roger, 1861a: 49. Type-species: Myopopone maculata (junior synonym of Amblyopone castanea), by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 33.
Taxonomic history
Myopopone in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 15.
Myopopone in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162.
Myopopone in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Myopopone in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 26; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; all subsequent authors to the following.
Myopopone in Amblyoponinae, Amblyoponini: Bolton, 2003: 42, 155.
Genus Myopopone references
Roger, 1863b: 20 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 16 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 90 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 15 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 33 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 26 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 22 (Asia checklist); Brown, 1960a: 170 (review of genus); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 35 (Australia catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 270 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 191 (Australia synopsis).
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 94 species
Fossil: 8 species
Anochetus Mayr, 1861: 53. Type-species: Odontomachus ghilianii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anochetus in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 712; Mayr, 1865: 11.
Anochetus in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Anochetus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1861: 53 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 47.
Anochetus in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 768; Forel, 1899c: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 106; Arnold, 1915: 103; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 623; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31; Wilson, 1959a: 483; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Jaffe, 1993: 8.
Anochetus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Brown, 1976a: 71; Brown, 1978c: 550 [subtribe Odontomachiti]; Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 159.
Junior synonyms of ANOCHETUS
Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 711. Type-species: Myrmecia emarginata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 173.
Taxonomic history
Stenomyrmex in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 711; Mayr, 1865: 11.
Stenomyrmex in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Stenomyrmex as subgenus of Anochetus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 47; Forel, 1893a: 163; Dalla Torre, 1893: 47; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 110; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Borgmeier, 1923: 76; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728; Kempf, 1972a: 21.
Stenomyrmex as junior synonym of Anochetus: Forel, 1887: 382; Brown, 1978c: 552; all subsequent authors.
Myrmapatetes Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 6. Type-species: Myrmapatetes filicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmapatetes in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 7; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Myrmapatetes as junior synonym of Anochetus: Brown, 1953h: 2.
Genus Anochetus references
Roger, 1863b: 21, 22 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 11 (Anochetus, Stenomyrmex diagnoses); André, 1882b: 230 (Europe & Algeria species); Emery, 1884a: 378 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 47 (catalogue); Emery, 1894c: 185 (Neotropical species key); Forel, 1900c: 58 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 39 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 107 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 103 (South Africa species key); Gallardo, 1918b: 90 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1919: 303 (New Guinea & Solomon Is species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 96, 790, 1012 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 9 (Stenomyrmex species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 39 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1959a: 503 (Melanesia & Moluccas species, revision, key); Kempf, 1964f: 244 (A. (Stenomyrmex) species key); Kempf, 1972a: 20 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1978c: 552, 565, 569, 571 (diagnosis & review of genus, Malesian species, Austral, Palaearctic, Afrotropical & Malagasy species, Neotropical species keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 20 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 7 (Australia checklist); Terayama, 1989a: 26 (Taiwan species key); Brandão, 1991: 324 (Neotropical catalogue); Wang, M. 1993a: 226 (China species key); De Andrade, 1994: 24 (†Dominican Amber species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 63 (catalogue); Gronenberg & Ehmer, 1996: 183 (mandible morphology); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 309 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 181 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 29 (China, Guangxi species key); Kugler, J. & Ionescu, 2007: 298 (Mediterraean & Middle East species key); Fisher & Smith, 2008: 4 (Malagasy species revision, key); González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008: 98 (Argentina & Paraguay species key); Zabala, in Fernández, 2008: 125 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 117 (Taiwan species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma TRUE TRUE FALSE24 species, 23 subspecies
Diacamma Mayr, 1862: 713 (diagnosis in key), 718. Type-species: Ponera rugosa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 75.
Taxonomic history
Diacamma in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 28.
Diacamma in Ponerinae, Leptogenysii: Forel, 1893a: 162.
Diacamma in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Diacamma in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 317; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 64 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Genus Diacamma references
Roger, 1863b: 16 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 407 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 86 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 28 (catalogue); Emery, 1887b: 435, footnote (all species key); Emery, 1897b: 162 (all species key); Forel, 1900d: 317 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 76 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 64 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 53 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1958d: 366 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 28 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 24 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 169 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 183 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 2003: 161 (synopsis); Shattuck & Barnett, 2006: 14 (Australia species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Harpegnathos TRUE TRUE FALSE7 species, 4 subspecies
Harpegnathos Jerdon, 1851: 116. Type-species: Harpegnathos saltator, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Harpegnathos in Odontomachidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Harpegnathos in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 58 [subtribe Harpegnathini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 646; all subsequent authors.
Harpegnathos as subgenus of Drepanognathus: Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Harpegnathos as junior synonym of Drepanognathus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 22 (priority error); Bingham, 1903: 49 (priority error).
Junior synonym of HARPEGNATHOS
Drepanognathus Smith, F. 1858b: 81. Type-species: Harpegnathos saltator, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 49.
Taxonomic history
[Unnecessary replacement name for Harpegnathos.]
Drepanognathus in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 81.
Drepanognathus in Odontomachidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Drepanognathus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 14 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 22.
Drepanognathus in Pachycondylinae, Drepanognathini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Drepanognathus as junior synonym of Harpegnathos: Roger, 1861a: 32; Roger, 1863b: 22; Forel, 1893a: 166; Forel, 1900c: 63; Emery, 1911d: 58; all subsequent authors.
Genus Harpegnathos references
Roger, 1863b: 22 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 408, 422 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 14 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 22 (catalogue); Forel, 1900c: 63 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 50 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 58 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 66 (Asia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 212 (catalogue); Bolton, 2003: 162 (synopsis).
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 216 species, 31 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Leptogenys Roger, 1861a: 41. Type-species: Leptogenys falcigera, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 52.
Taxonomic history
Leptogenys in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 46; Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 14 [Poneridae].
Leptogenys in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1899c: 17; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 97; Arnold, 1915: 89; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 84; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 652; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 656; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Leptogenys in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 304; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Brown, 1963: 3; Kempf, 1972a: 129; Jaffe, 1993: 8; Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 163.
Junior synonyms of LEPTOGENYS
Lobopelta Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 733. Type-species: Ponera diminuta, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 54.
Taxonomic history
Lobopelta in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 43.
Lobopelta in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 101; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 658.
Lobopelta as genus: Mayr, 1862: 733; Cresson, 1887: 258; Dalla Torre, 1893: 43; Bingham, 1903: 54.
Lobopelta as subgenus of Leptogenys: Forel, 1892k: 520; Forel, 1899c: 18; Forel, 1900d: 304; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 101; Arnold, 1915: 95; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 85; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Wheeler, W.M. 1923d: 1; Borgmeier, 1923: 75; Creighton, 1950a: 50; Kempf, 1972a: 131; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1343 (anachronism).
Lobopelta as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Emery, 1896e: 177 (footnote); Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1975a: 240; Bolton, 2003: 163.
Prionogenys Emery, 1895g: 348. Type-species: Prionogenys podenzanai, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Prionogenys in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135;
Prionogenys in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 106; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 652; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 685; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Prionogenys as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1988: 33.
Machaerogenys Emery, 1911d: 100 [as subgenus of Leptogenys]. Type-species: Leptogenys truncatirostris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Machaerogenys as subgenus of Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 100; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; subsequent authors to the following.
Machaerogenys as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Odontopelta Emery, 1911d: 101 [as subgenus of Leptogenys]. Type-species: Leptogenys turneri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontopelta as subgenus of Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 101; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 677.
Odontopelta as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 390; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 32.
Dorylozelus Forel, 1915b: 24. Type-species: Dorylozelus mjobergi (junior secondary homonym in Leptogenys, replaced by Leptogenys tricosa), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dorylozelus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1917: 238.
Dorylozelus in Ponerinae, Dorylozelini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 646; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640.
Dorylozelus incertae sedis in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Brown, 1960a: 181.
Dorylozelus as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1969: 132; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Microbolbos Donisthorpe, 1948f: 170. Type-species: Microbolbos testaceus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Microbolbos as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Wilson, 1955c: 136; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Genus Leptogenys references
Roger, 1863b: 19 (Lobopelta, Leptogenys catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 426, 427 (Leptogenys, Lobopelta catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 14, 15 (Leptogenys, Lobopelta diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 89 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1879: 664 (Lobopelta species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 43, 46 (Lobopelta, Leptogenys catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 304 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 52, 55 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Leptogenys, Lobopelta species keys); Emery, 1911d: 97 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 89, 95 (diagnosis, South Africa L. (Leptogenys) & L. (Lobopelta) species keys); Mann, 1919: 298 (Papuasia L. (Leptogenys) species key); Mann, 1921: 426 (Fiji L. (Lobopelta) species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 93, 786, 1010 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1923d: 14 (New World L. (Lobopelta) species key); Creighton, 1950a: 51 (North America L. (Lobopelta) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1958a: 113 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Wilson, 1958a: 136 (New Caledonia species key); Kempf, 1972a: 129 (Neotropical catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 8 (Cuba species key); Bolton, 1975a: 239 (diagnosis, review of genus); Bolton, 1975a: 244 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Bolton, 1975a: 293 (Malagasy species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1343 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 32, 39 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 34, 64 (Australia, New Caledonia checklists); Trager & Johnson, 1988: 30 (U.S.A. species key); Brandão, 1991: 349 (Neotropical catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 229 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 41 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 189 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2000a: 118 (China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 39 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 163 (synopsis); Lattke, in Fernández, 2008: 145 (Colombia species, review); Terayama, 2009: 115 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 133 (south-western Australia species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontomachus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 66 species
Fossil: 2 species
Odontomachus Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica haematoda, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontomachus in Ponérites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185.
Odontomachus in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1857a: 64; Smith, F. 1858b: 76.
Odontomachus in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 711; Mayr, 1865: 11; Smith, F. 1871a: 319.
Odontomachus in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 49.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 768; Forel, 1895b: 118; Forel, 1899c: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 111; Arnold, 1915: 108; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 93; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 42; Kempf, 1972a: 170; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Jaffe, 1993: 8.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Brown, 1976a: 70 [subtribe Odontomachiti]; Bolton, 1994: 164.
Junior synonyms of ODONTOMACHUS
Pedetes Bernstein, 1861: 7. Type-species: Pedetes macrorhynchus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pedetes as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 51; all subsequent authors.
Champsomyrmex Emery, 1892d: 558 (footnote). Type-species: Odontomachus coquereli, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Champsomyrmex in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 49.
Champsomyrmex in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Champsomyrmex in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Emery, 1895j: 768; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632.
Champsomyrmex as subgenus of Odontomachus: Forel, 1893a: 163 (misspelled as Thempsomyrmex); Forel, 1917: 238.
Champsomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1892d: 558 (footnote); Dalla Torre, 1893: 49; Emery, 1911d: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653.
Champsomyrmex as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Brown, 1976a: 96.
Myrtoteras Matsumura, 1912: 191. Type-species: Myrtoteras kuroiwae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrtoteras in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 672.
Myrtoteras as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Brown, 1976a: 96.
Genus Odontomachus references
Roger, 1863b: 21 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 436 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 11 (diagnosis); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1892d: 559 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 49 (catalogue); Forel, 1900c: 57 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 47 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 111 (diagnosis, catalogue); Gallardo, 1918b: 95 (Argentina species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 99, 792, 1013 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Creighton, 1950a: 55 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 42 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1959a: 485 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Kempf, 1962b: 17 (Neotropical species key); Kempf, 1972a: 170 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1976a: 111, 114, 117 (New World species, Malesian & Austral species, Afrotropical & Malagasy species keys); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1344 (North America catalogue); Deyrup, Trager & Carlin, 1985: 188 (Southeastern U.S.A. species, review); Brown, 1978b: 281 (supplement to Brown, 1976a); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 36 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 48 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Wang, M. 1993: 220 (China species key); De Andrade, 1994: 24 (†Dominican Amber species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 294 (catalogue); Gronenberg, 1995: 391 (mandible morphology); Shattuck, 1999: 194 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 25 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 164 (synopsis); Deyrup & Cover, 2004b: 141 (U.S.A. species key); Yoshimura, Onoyama & Ogata, 2007: 89 (Japan species key); Fisher & Smith, 2008: 13 (Malagasy species revision, key); Rodríguez, in Fernández, 2008: 151 (Neotropical species key); Sorger & Zettel, 2011: 143 (Philippines species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 252 species, 62 subspecies
Fossil: 12 species
Pachycondyla Smith, F. 1858b: 105. Type-species: Formica crassinoda, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1901a: 42.
Taxonomic history
Pachycondyla in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 105; Smith, 1871a: 324.
Pachycondyla in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 32.
Pachycondyla in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Pachycondyla in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1895b: 114; Forel, 1899c: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 73 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 53; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of PACHYCONDYLA
Bothroponera Mayr, 1862: 713 (diagnosis in key), 717. Type-species: Ponera pumicosa, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1901a: 42.
Taxonomic history
Bothroponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35.
Bothroponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Bothroponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 75 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Bothroponera as subgenus of Ponera: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 325.
Bothroponera as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 75; Arnold, 1915: 55; Forel, 1917: 237; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 628.
Bothroponera as genus: Mayr, 1862: 717; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35; Bingham, 1903: 95; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 299 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 67; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49; Bernard, 1953b: 187; Taylor, 1987a: 9; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 21; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Bothroponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Megaponera Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 734. Type-species: Formica foetens (junior primary homonym in Formica, replaced by Formica analis), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Megaponera in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 30; Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae].
Megaponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Megaponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 67 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 46; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors to the following.
Megaponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
[Megaloponera Roger, 1863b: 17, incorrect subsequent spelling; misspelling repeated by several authors, for example Emery, 1877b: 368; Forel, 1917: 237.]
Paltothyreus Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 735. Type-species: Formica tarsata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paltothyreus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 32.
Paltothyreus in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Paltothyreus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 62 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 43; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Paltothyreus as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Ectomomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 83. Type-species: Ectomomyrmex javanus, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 85.
Taxonomic history
Ectomomyrmex in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 30.
Ectomomyrmex in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ectomomyrmex in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 321; Emery, 1911d: 78 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Ectomomyrmex as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 78; Arnold, 1915: 53; Forel, 1917: 237.
Ectomomyrmex as genus: Mayr, 1867a: 83; Dalla Torre, 1893: 30; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Forel, 1900d: 321; Bingham, 1903: 85; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 60; Brown, 1963: 9; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 29; Taylor, 1987a: 26; Ogata, 1987: 112.
Ectomomyrmex as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
[Ectomyrmex Donisthorpe, 1943f: 641, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Ophthalmopone Forel, 1890b: cxii. Type-species: Ophthalmopone berthoudi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ophthalmopone in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 31.
Ophthalmopone in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ophthalmopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 69 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 49; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Ophthalmopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Euponera Forel, 1891b: 126 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-species: Ponera (Euponera) sikorae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Euponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 79 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 37; Arnold, 1915: 63; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Euponera as subgenus of Ponera: Forel, 1891b: 126; Emery, 1895j: 767.
Euponera as genus: Emery, 1901a: 46; Emery, 1909c: 364; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 79; Arnold, 1915: 63; Forel, 1917: 237; Gallardo, 1918b: 64; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Borgmeier, 1923: 70; Clark, 1934b: 30; Creighton, 1950a: 44; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 63; Bernard, 1953b: 189; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11.
Euponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Cryptopone Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-species: Cryptopone testacea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Cryptopone also described as new by Emery, 1893f: 240. Type-species not Amblyopone testacea, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161, repeated in Emery, 1911d: 88, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 780, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 636, Kempf, 1972a: 90 and Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 28; see discussion in Wilson, 1958d: 360.]
Cryptopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 88 [subtribe Ponerini]; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 650; all subsequent authors.
Cryptopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 3.
Pseudoponera Emery, 1900c: 314 [as subgenus of Pachycondyla]. Type-species: Ponera quadridentata (junior synonym of Formica stigma), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Pseudoponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 42. Type-species not Ponera amblyops, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 42; repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 171, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 779; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723.]
Pseudoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Pseudoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 86 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 238; all subsequent authors.
Pseudoponera as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1900c: 314; Emery, 1901a: 42.
Pseudoponera as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1900c: 141; Forel, 1900e: 398; Emery, 1909c: 364; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Pseudoponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 91; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 86; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 74.
Pseudoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Brachyponera Emery, 1900c: 315 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Euponera (Brachyponera) croceicornis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Brachyponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species not Ponera sennaarensis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 43, repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160, Emery, 1911d: 84, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 777, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 628, Wilson, 1958d: 346; Bolton, 1973a: 335; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23.]
Brachyponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Brachyponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 83; all subsequent authors.
Brachyponera as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1900c: 315; Emery, 1909c: 366; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 83; Arnold, 1915: 72; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; subsequent authors to the following.
Brachyponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 101; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wilson, 1958d: 346; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Taylor, 1987a: 9; Ogata, 1987: 116; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Brachyponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389 [provisional]; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Mesoponera Emery, 1900d: 668 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Ponera melanaria, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Mesoponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species not Ponera caffraria, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 43, repeated by Emery, 1911d: 81, Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 775, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 661, Wilson, 1958d: 349; Kempf, 1972a: 141, Bolton, 1973a: 338; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 35.]
Mesoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Mesoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 80; all subsequent authors.
Mesoponera as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1900d: 668; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 80; Arnold, 1915: 64; Forel, 1917: 237; Gallardo, 1918b: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Borgmeier, 1923: 71; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 661; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 64; Bernard, 1953b: 190.
Mesoponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 99; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wilson, 1958d: 349; Kempf, 1972a: 141; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 34; Taylor, 1987a: 39; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Mesoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Eumecopone Forel, 1901e: 335 [as subgenus of Neoponera]. Type-species: Neoponera (Eumecopone) agilis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eumecopone as subgenus of Neoponera: Forel, 1901e: 335; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 71; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; subsequent authors to the following.
Eumecopone junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Hagensia Forel, 1901f: 333 [as subgenus of Megaloponera (sic)]. Type-species: Megaloponera (Hagensia) havilandi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hagensia in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 69 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; all subsequent authors.
Hagensia as subgenus of Megaponera: Forel, 1901f: 333; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 61.
Hagensia as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1917: 237.
Hagensia as genus: Arnold, 1926: 202; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 648; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11.
Hagensia as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Neoponera Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species: Formica villosa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Neoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 70 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Neoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Trachymesopus Emery, 1911d: 84 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Formica stigma, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Trachymesopus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 84; all subsequent authors.
Trachymesopus as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1911d: 84; Arnold, 1915: 74; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Borgmeier, 1923: 72; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 733; Creighton, 1950a: 46; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 65; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 786; Bernard, 1953b: 195.
Trachymesopus as genus: Wilson, 1958d: 352; Kempf, 1960f: 423; Brown, 1963: 6; Kempf, 1972a: 251; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 52; Ogata, 1987: 114; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Trachymesopus as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164.
Trachymesopus as junior synonym of Pseudoponera: Bolton, 1995b: 48 (because of synonymous type-species); Bolton, 2003: 168.
[Trachyponera Santschi, 1928a: 43, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Xiphopelta Forel, 1913a: 108 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-species: Ponera (Xiphopelta) arnoldi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xiphopelta as subgenus of Ponera: Forel, 1913a: 108; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737.
Xiphopelta as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1917: 237; Emery, 1919c: 106; Bernard, 1953b: 191.
Xiphopelta as junior synonym of Mesoponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 775; all subsequent authors to the following.
Xiphopelta as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
[Hiphopelta Forel, 1913a: 108, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Termitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 159. Type-species: Ponera laevigata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Termitopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 731.
Termitopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Syntermitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 169 [as subgenus of Termitopone.] Type-species: Ponera commutata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Syntermitopone as subgenus of Termitopone: Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 169.
Syntermitopone as genus: Kusnezov, 1956: 15.
Syntermitopone as junior synonym of Termitopone: Borgmeier, 1959a: 312.
Syntermitopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Wadeura Weber, 1939a: 102. Type-species: Wadeura guianensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Wadeura in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Wadeura as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Pseudoneoponera Donisthorpe, 1943d: 439. Type-species: Pseudoneoponera verecundae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudoneoponera in Ponerinae, Pseudoneoponerini: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 77.
Pseudoneoponera as junior synonym of Bothroponera: Wilson, 1958d: 361.
Pseudoneoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Genus Pachycondyla references
Mayr, 1862: 719 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 16, 17, 18 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 397, 428, 439, 440 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13, 15 (Bothroponera, Pachycondyla, Megaponera, Paltothyreus diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (Bothroponera diagnosis); Mayr, 1870a: 396 (Colombia + Panama (= New Grenada) species key); Emery, 1887b: 18 (footnote) (Asia & Australia Bothroponera species key); Emery, 1890a: 71 (Neotropical species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 30, 31, 32, 35 (Ectomomyrmex, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Paltothyreus, Pachycondyla, Bothroponera catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 321 (India & Sri Lanka Ectomomyrmex species key); Bingham, 1903: 86, 91, 96, 101 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Ectomomyrmex, Pseudoponera, Bothroponera, Brachyponera species keys); Emery, 1911d: 62 (Paltothyreus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 67 (Megaponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 69 (Megaponera (Hagensia) and Ophthalmopone diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 70 (Neoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 73 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 75 (P. (Bothroponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 78 (P. (Ectomomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 80 (Euponera diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 80 (Euponera (Mesoponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 83 (Euponera (Brachyponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 84 (Euponera (Trachymesopus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 86 (Pseudoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 88 (Cryptopone diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 43, 46, 49, 53, 63 (Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Pachycondyla, Euponera diagnoses); Arnold, 1915: 50, 55, 64 (South Africa Ophthalmopone, Bothroponera, Euponera (Mesoponera) species keys); Gallardo, 1918b: 56, 66 (Argentina Neoponera, Mesoponera, keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 72 (Afrotropical Bothroponera species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 60, 63, 69, 81 (Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Bothroponera, Euponera diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 763, 766, 768, 769, 774, 780 (Afrotropical Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Bothroponera, Ectomomyrmex, Euponera, Pseudoponera, Cryptopone catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1007, 1008 (Malagasy Bothroponera, Euponera catalogues); Arnold, 1926: 203 (South Africa Hagensia species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 5 (Cryptopone all species key); Santschi, 1935b: 259 (Africa Mesoponera, key); Creighton, 1950a: 45 (North America Euponera species key); Arnold, 1951: 53 (Hagensia species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49, 52, 60, 63, 74 (Asia Bothroponera, Cryptopone, Ectmomomyrmex, Euponera, Pseudoponera checklists); Arnold, 1952a: 461 (South Africa Bothroponera, key); Bernard, 1953b: 191 (Guinea Euponera (Xiphopelta) species key); Brown, 1958h: 20 (New Zealand species); Wilson, 1958d: 346, 357, 362 (Melanesia Brachyponera, Cryptopone, Ectomomyrmex species keys); Kempf, 1961b: 192 (Brazil species key); Brown, 1963: 6, 9 (reviews of Cryptopone, Trachymesopus & Ectomomyrmex); Kempf, 1964e: 51 (Neotropical Pachycondyla species key); Kusnezov, 1969: 36 (Argentina Neoponera species key); Kempf, 1972a: 90, 141, 160, 174, 248, 251, 257 (Neotropical Cryptopone, Mesoponera, Neoponera, Pachycondyla, Termitopone, Trachymesopus, Wadeura catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 7 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1339, 1341 (North America, Pachycondyla, Brachyponera, Cryptopone catalogues); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 21, 23, 28, 29, 34, 34, 52 (Australia, catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 9, 23, 26, 39, 80 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 18 (Japan Ectomomyrmex, Cryptopone, Brachyponera, Trachymesopus species key); Brandão, 1991: 354, 360, 365, 381, 382 (Neotropical catalogue); Xu, 1994b: 182 (China Brachyponera species key); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 166, 302 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 45 (China species key); Xu, 1995b: 104 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 310 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla Saudi Arabia species key); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 147 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 182, 196 (Australia Cryptopone, Pachycondyla fauna synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 35, 49 (China, Guangxi Cryptopone, Pachycondyla species keys); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 424 (wingless female fossils, diagnosis); Wild, 2002: 4 (Paraguay species key); Bolton, 2003: 161, 165 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla synopses); Wild, 2005: 5 (P. apicalis complex key); Yamane, 2007: 652 (P. nigrita species group key); Mackay, Mackay, Fernández & Arias-Penna, in Fernández, 2008: 172 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 105, 108 (Taiwan Pachycondyla, Cryptopone species keys); Heterick, 2009: 134 (south-western Australia species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 26, 107 (New World Pachycondyla species revision, species complexes key and species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 52 species
Fossil: 5 species
Ponera Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica coarctata, by subsequent designation of Westwood, 1840a: 83 (see discussion in Taylor, 1967a: 6).
Taxonomic history
Ponera in Ponérites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 188.
Ponera in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 83; Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Ponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1855: 386 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 65 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1861: 54 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 37.
Ponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1899c: 15; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 88 [subtribe Ponerini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 38; Arnold, 1915: 77; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 650; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of PONERA
Pseudocryptopone Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 12. Type-species: Cryptopone tenuis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocryptopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722.
Pseudocryptopone as junior synonym of Ponera: Wilson, 1957b: 356.
Selenopone Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 19. Type-species: Ponera selenophora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Selenopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 725.
Selenopone as junior synonym of Ponera: Wilson, 1957b: 356.
Pteroponera Bernard, 1950a: 3. Type-species: Pteroponera sysphinctoides, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pteroponera as junior synonym of Ponera: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164.
Genus Ponera references
[References before Taylor, 1967a refer to both Ponera and Hypoponera.]
Mayr, 1855: 386 (diagnosis); Smith, F. 1858b: 83 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1862: 721 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 16 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 447 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 85 (diagnosis); Forel, 1874: 64 (Switzerland species key); Mayr, 1879: 661 (all species key); André, 1882c: 239 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 37 (catalogue); Emery, 1895b: 60 (Mediterranean species key); Emery, 1896g: 53 (New World species key); Emery, 1900c: 316 (Australia, Papuasia & Oceania species key); Forel, 1900d: 322 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 89 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1909c: 367 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1911d: 88 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 76 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1916b: 107 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 81 (France & Belgium species key); Gallardo, 1918b: 73 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1921: 419 (Fiji species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 780, 1009 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Menozzi, 1931b: 266 (Costa Rica species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 13 (Pseudocryptopone species key); Smith, M.R. 1936: 420 (North America species key); Stitz, 1939: 58 (Germany species key); Creighton, 1950a: 47 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 68, 73, 74 (Asia Ponera, Pseudocryptopone, Selenopone checklists); Bernard, 1953b: 197 (West Africa species key); Wilson, 1957b: 359, 376 (P. tenuis, P. selenophora groups revisions, keys); Wilson, 1958d: 323, 343 (Melanesia & Moluccas species, Fiji species revisions, keys); Brown, 1958h: 22 (New Zealand species); Taylor, 1960: 180 (P. leae complex, key); Taylor, 1964: 139 (†fossil species, review); Taylor, 1967a: 18 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bernard, 1967: 83 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1341 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 38 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 63 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand, checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 22 (Japan species key); Perrault, 1993: 337 (addition to Taylor, 1967a key); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 360 (catalogue); Terayama, 1996: 14 (Japan species key); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 149 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 199 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001a: 52 and Xu, 2001c: 218 (China species keys); Zhou, 2001b: 37 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 170 (synopsis); Yoshimura, Hosoishi, et al. 2009: 200 (Japan species key); Terayama, 2009: 109 (Taiwan species key).
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus burmanicus TRUE TRUE FALSEburmanicus. Dolichoderus burmanicus Bingham, 1903: 293, fig. 88 (w.) MYANMAR. Combination in D. (Hypoclinea): Emery, 1913a: 13.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis burmanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEburmanensis. Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) burmanensis Donisthorpe, 1938c: 257, fig. 8 (w.) MYANMAR.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster aurita TRUE TRUE FALSEaurita. Crematogaster (Physocrema) aurita Karavaiev, 1935a: 92, fig. 18 (w.) CAMBODIA. See also: Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009b: 20.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster dubia TRUE TRUE FALSEdubia. Crematogaster (Paracrema) dubia Karavaiev, 1935a: 93, fig. 19 (w.) CAMBODIA.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster ledouxi TRUE TRUE FALSEledouxi. Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) ledouxi Soulié, in Fromantin & Soulié, 1961: 102, figs. 5, 6, 8 (w.) CAMBODIA. Combination in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster skounensis TRUE TRUE FALSEskounensis. Crematogaster skounensis Soulié, in Fromantin & Soulié, 1961: 99, figs. 3, 6, 7, 8 (w.q.m.) CAMBODIA. [Crematogaster skounensis Soulié, 1960: 284. Nomen nudum.] Combination in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster vandeli TRUE TRUE FALSEvandeli. Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) vandeli Soulié, in Soulié & Fromantin, 1961: 100, figs. 4, 6, 7, 8 (w.q.m.) CAMBODIA. [Crematogaster vandeli Soulié, 1961: 284. Nomen nudum.] Combination in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus thoracicus nasutus TRUE TRUE FALSEnasutus. Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) bituberculatus var. nasuta Karavaiev, 1935a: 108, fig. 26 (w.) CAMBODIA. Currently subspecies of thoracicus: Shattuck, 1994: 71.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus thoracicus lacciperdus TRUE TRUE FALSElacciperdus. Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) bituberculatus var. lacciperda Santschi, 1925f: 91 (w.) CAMBODIA. Currently subspecies of thoracicus: Shattuck, 1994: 70.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole biloba TRUE TRUE FALSEbiloba. Conothorax bilobum Karavaiev, 1935a: 75, fig. 8 (w.) CAMBODIA. Combination in Conothoracoides: Strand, 1935: 176; in Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Plagiolepis nitida TRUE TRUE FALSEnitida. Plagiolepis (Plagiolepis) nitida Karavaiev, 1935a: 109 (w.) CAMBODIA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis jurii TRUE TRUE FALSEjurii. Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) jurii Karavaiev, 1935a: 116, fig. 30 (w.) CAMBODIA. See also: Kohout, 1998: 527.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis stylifera TRUE TRUE FALSEstylifera. Polyrhachis (Cephalomyrma) stylifera Karavaiev, 1935a: 115, fig. 29 (w.) CAMBODIA. Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Dorow, 1995: 53.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis bicolor brachyacantha TRUE TRUE FALSEbrachyacantha. Polyrhachis bicolor var. brachyacantha Karavaiev, 1935a: 114 (w.) CAMBODIA.
Cerapachyinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 5 genera, 217 species
Fossil: 1 genus, 7 species
Cerapachysii Forel, 1893a: 162. Type-genus: Cerapachys.
Taxonomic history
Cerapachyinae as family: Bernard, 1951: 1046 [Cerapachyidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 215 [Cerapachyidae].
Cerapachyinae as junior synonym of Ponerinae: Brown, 1975: 14; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 387; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Cerapachyinae as group of Dorylinae: Emery, 1901a: 36 [Cerapachinae].
Cerapachyinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 51, 632; Donisthorpe, 1922: xlv; Borgmeier, 1923: 50; Clark, 1924b: 76; Clark, 1934c: 49; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620; Creighton, 1950a: 56; Clark, 1951: 15 (in key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 781; Brown, 1954e: 26; Kusnezov, 1956: 11; Kusnezov, 1964: 48; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 37; Kempf, 1972a: 263; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 46; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1333; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Ogata, 1987: 127; Bolton, 1990a: 66; Bolton, 1990c: 1356; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 316; Jaffe, 1993: 9; Bolton, 1994: 18; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 47.
Cerapachyinae as dorylomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 32, 137; Brady & Ward, 2005: 593.
Cerapachyinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102.
Cerapachyinae as formicoid dorylomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Ward, 2007a: 555.
Tribes of Cerapachyinae: Acanthostichini, Cerapachyini, Cylindromyrmecini.
Subfamily Cerapachyinae references
Emery, 1895j: 765 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911d: 5 (tribes key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 51, 636 (diagnosis, tribes key); Morley, 1939: 114 (phylogeny); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 528 (U.S.A. diagnosis, genera); Brown, 1954e: 26 (phylogeny, notes); Eisner, 1957: 476 (proventriculus morphology); Gotwald, 1969: 43 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 37 (diagnosis); Kempf, 1972a: 263 (Neotropical, synoptic classification); Brown, 1975: 11 (revision of tribes and genera, diagnoses); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 46 (larvae, review & synthesis); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 261 (diagnosis); Ogata, 1987: 129 (Japan genera); Bolton, 1990a: 53 (abdominal morphology, diagnosis, synoptic classification, zoogeography); Bolton, 1990c: 1356 (diagnosis, morphology, phylogeny); Brandão, 1991: 390 (Neotropical fauna, synoptic classification, genera); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 316 (phylogeny); Jaffe, 1993: 7 (Neotropical genera, synoptic classification); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 165 (Neotropical genera); Bolton, 1994: 18 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, key to genera); Bolton, 1995a: 1038 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 10 (catalogue); Hölldobler, Obermayer & Peeters, 1996: 158 (metatibial gland); Perfil’eva, 2002: 1239 (venation); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 238 (Neotropical genera keys); Brady, 2003: 6575 (phylogeny); Bolton, 2003: 32, 137 (diagnosis, synopsis); Brady & Ward, 2005: 593 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Ward, 2007a: 555 (classification).
Dolichoderinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 28 genera, 692 species, 130 subspecies
Fossil: 16 genera, 103 species
Dolichoderidae Forel, 1878: 364. Type-genus: Dolichoderus.
Taxonomic history
Dolichoderinae as family: Emery, 1894g: 378 [Dolichoderidae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 384 [Dolichoderidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 94 [Dolichoderidae]; Bernard, 1951: 1071 [Dolichoderidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 255 [Dolichoderidae].
Dolichoderinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1882a: 127 [Dolichoderidae].
Dolichoderinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Forel, 1878: 364 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Nasonov, 1889: 26 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1892j: 220 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1893a: 165; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Forel, 1895b: 107 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery, 1895j: 771 [subfamily spelled Dolichoderini]; Emery, 1896e: 186; Forel, 1899c: 98; Bingham, 1903: 288; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 2; Arnold, 1915: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 71; Wheeler, 1915g: 811 [Dolichoderides]; Arnold, 1915: 143; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 178; Forel, 1917: 247; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Dolichoderini]; Bondroit, 1918: 86 [Dolichoderitae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 199; Borgmeier, 1923: 80; Karavaiev, 1936: 163; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 833; Clark, 1951: 16; Brown, 1954e: 29; Kempf, 1972a: 266; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 41; Brown, 1973b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Dolichoderinae as formicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 18, 80.
Dolichoderinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102.
Dolichoderinae as formicoid dolichoderomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007a: 556.
Tribes (extant) of Dolichoderinae: Bothriomyrmecini, Dolichoderini, Leptomyrmecini, Tapinomini.
Tribes (extinct) incertae sedis in Dolichoderinae: †Miomyrmecini, †Zherichiniini.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Dolichoderinae: †Alloiomma, †Asymphylomyrmex, †Elaeomyrmex, †Elaphrodites, †Eldermyrmex, †Emplastus, †Eotapinoma, †Eurymyrmex, †Kotshkorkia, †Leptomyrmula, †Miomyrmex, †Petraeomyrmex, †Proiridomyrmex, †Protazteca, †Zherichinius.
Subfamily Dolichoderinae and tribes references, world
Forel, 1878: 364, 380 (diagnosis, genera); Dalla Torre, 1893: 156 (catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 771 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896e: 186 (genera key); Handlirsch, 1907: 869 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142 (diagnosis); Emery, 1913a: 2, 6 (diagnosis, tribe key, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 17 (Tapinomini diagnosis, genera key, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 144, (diagnosis); Gallardo, 1916a: 3 (diagnosis); Forel, 1917: 247 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 136 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 199, 687, 688 (diagnosis, tribe key, Tapinomini genera key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 127 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 29 (phylogeny); Pavan, 1955: 135 (gastral organs); Eisner, 1957: 453 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967: 246 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 118 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 41 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 169 (genera & distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 61 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 401 (synoptic classification); Dazzini Valcurone & Fanfani, 1985: 1 (gastral glands); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 173 (Dufour's gland); Billen, 1987: 278 (abdominal glands); Baroni Urbani & Wilson, 1987: 1 (†fossil Leptomyrmecini); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 316 (phylogeny); Shattuck, 1992b: 199 (higher classification, phylogeny); Shattuck, 1992c: 20 (revision of subfamily, genera key); Shattuck, 1994: 3 (catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 22 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Shattuck, 1995: 217 (phylogeny, genera); Bolton, 1995a: 1038 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 10 (catalogue); Wenseleers, Schoeters, et al., 1998: 121 (cloacal gland); Brandão, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1999: 411 (phylogeny, genera); Chiotis, Jermiin & Crozier, 2000: 108 (phylogeny, genera); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 416 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Bolton, 2003: 18, 80 (diagnosis, synopsis); Dubovikov, 2005a: 91 (tribes of Dolichoderinae); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 342 (phylogeny, tribe-rank classification).
Regional and national faunas with keys
André, 1882a: 127 (Europe & Algeria); Nasonov, 1889: 50 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 9 (Madagascar genera); Forel, 1895e: 460 (India & Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903: 288 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 102 (Russian Empire); Bondroit, 1910: 488 (Belgium); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 560 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 77 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 34 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 40 (Switzerland); Arnold, 1915: 145 (South Africa); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 178 (Britain); Gallardo, 1916a: 12 (Argentina); Emery, 1916b: 208 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 589 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 86 (France & Belgium); Gallardo, 1919b: 253 (Argentina genera); Soudek, 1922: 58 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 117 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927c: 271 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 199 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 172 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933b: 600 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 90 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1936: 164 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 861 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 209 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941: 94 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 94 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 370 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 309 (U.S.A. males); Buren, 1944a: 290 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 592 (U.S.A. genera); Creighton, 1950a: 330 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 27 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 29 (New Zealand); Kusnezov, 1959: 40 (Neotropical genera); Gregg, 1963: 341 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 149 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Bernard, 1967: 246 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 17 (Polynesia); Bolton, 1973a: 329 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Boven, 1970b: 24 (Netherlands); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 90 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 118 (Kyrghyzstan); Boven, 1977: 123 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 170 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 546 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 80 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 32 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 28 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 420 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 443 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 80 (Neotropical genera); Gösswald, 1985: 314 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 242 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 55 (U.S.A., Nevada); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 278 (Balkans); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 168 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 152 (Far Eastern Russia); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al., 1991: 2 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 49 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 147 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 70 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 115 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 331 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 359 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 161 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 40 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 20 (Portugal); Kim & Kim, 1999: 18 (Korea); Shattuck, 1999: 26, 64 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 59 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 149 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 134 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 54 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 425 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 221 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 239 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 186 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 102 (U.S.A., Ohio); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 147 (North and Central Europe); Fisher, 2009: 51 (Malagasy genera); Terayama, 2009: 196 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 28 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 14 (Benelux); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011: 7 (Malagasy males key).
Formicinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 49 genera, 2,831 species, 839 subspecies
Fossil: 29 genera, 193 species, 1 subspecies
Formicariae Latreille, 1809: 124. Type-genus: Formica.
Taxonomic history
Formicinae as group name: Latreille, 1809: 124 [Formicariae]; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 197 [Formicites]; Nylander, 1846a: 877 [Formicae].
Formicinae as family: Smith, F. 1858b: 1 [Formicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 36 [Formicidae]; Smith, 1871a: 302 [Formicidae]; André, 1882a: 125 [Formicidae]; Saunders, 1896: 18 [Formicidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 97 [Formicidae]; Bernard, 1951: 1073 [Formicidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 256 [Formicidae].
Formicinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1874: 167 [Formicidae].
Formicinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Mayr, 1855: 286, 299 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 21 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 651 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 24 [Formicidae]; Forel, 1870: 307 [Formicidae]; Forel, 1874: 21 [Formicidae]; Emery, 1877a: 70 [Formicidae]; André, 1881b: 54 [Formicidae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 17 [Formicitae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 210; Emery, 1925b: 2; Karavaiev, 1936: 172; Clark, 1951: 16; Brown, 1954e: 29; Kempf, 1972a: 266; Brown, 1973b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Formicinae as formicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 20, 93.
Formicinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102.
Formicinae as formicoid formicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007a: 556.
Tribes of Formicinae: Camponotini, Formicini, Gesomyrmecini, Gigantiopini, Lasiini, Melophorini, Myrmecorhynchini, Myrmoteratini, Notostigmatini, Oecophyllini, Plagiolepidini.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Formicinae: †Camponotites, †Drymomyrmex, †Imhoffia, †Kyromyrma, †Leucotaphus, †Protrechina, †Zhangidris.
Hong (2002) genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Formicinae: †Curtipalpulus, †Eoleptocerites, †Eurytarsites, †Fushuniformica, †Huaxiaformica, †Leptogasteritus, †Liaoformica, †Longiformica, †Magnogasterites, †Orbicapitia, †Ovalicapito, †Ovaligastrula, †Sinoformica, †Sinotenuicapito, †Wilsonia (unresolved junior homonym).
Subfamily Formicinae references, world
Mayr, 1862: 651 (genera key); Mayr, 1865: 6 (diagnosis); Handlirsch, 1907: 859 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 171 (catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 772 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896e: 187 (genera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143 (diagnosis); Forel, 1912i: 88 (tribes key); Forel, 1917: 248 (synoptic classification); Arnold, 1920a: 551 (diagnosis); Forel, 1921c: 139 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 210, 691 (diagnosis, tribes key); Emery, 1925b: 2 (diagnosis, tribe key, catalogue); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 127 (venation, phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 465 (proventriculus morphology); Hung & Brown, 1966: 198 (gastric apex, structure); Bernard, 1967: 267 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 120 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 41 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 169 (genera, distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 62 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 402 (synoptic classification); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 173 (Dufour's gland); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 (synoptic classification, genera keys); Agosti, 1991: 295 (genus group diagnoses); Shattuck, 1992b: 201 (phylogeny); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 42 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1039 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 11 (catalogue); Wenseleers, Schoeters, et al. 1998: 121 (cloacal gland); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 417 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Bolton, 2003: 20, 93 (diagnosis, synopsis); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny).
Regional and national faunas with keys
Mayr, 1855: 299 (Austria); Mayr, 1861: 25 (Europe); Mayr, 1868c: 25 (†Baltic Amber); André, 1874: 167 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 22 (Switzerland); Saunders, E. 1880: 203 (Britain); André, 1882a: 126 (Europe & Algeria); Provancher, 1887: 225 (Canada); Cresson, 1887: 94 (U.S.A. genera); Nasonov, 1889: 50 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 8 (Madagascar genera); Lameere, 1892: 62 (Belgium); Forel, 1892j: 220 (India & Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903: 308 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 100 (Russian Empire); Wasmann, 1906: 7 (Luxemburg); Bondroit, 1910: 481 (Belgium); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 560 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 80 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 35 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 45 (Switzerland); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 184 (Britain); Emery, 1916b: 216 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 590 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 17 (France & Belgium); Arnold, 1920a: 552 (South Africa); Kutter, 1920b: 134 (Switzerland); Soudek, 1922: 61 (Czechoslovakia); Lomnicki, 1925a: 160 (Poland); Stärcke, 1926: 118, 146 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927c: 273 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 205 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 172 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933b: 601 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 90 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1936: 173 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 865 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 230 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941: 97 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 97 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 373 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 309 (U.S.A., males); Buren, 1944a: 292 (U.S.A., Iowa); Holgersen, 1943b: 173 (Norway); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 599 (U.S.A. genera); Boven, 1947: 181 (Belgium); Creighton, 1950a: 355 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 31 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 42 (New Zealand); Boven, 1959: 11 (Netherlands); Gregg, 1963: 447 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 160 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Collingwood, 1964: 104 (Britain); Bernard, 1967: 268 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 17 (Polynesia); Boven, 1970b: 26 (Netherlands); Kempf, 1972a: 266 (Neotropical, synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 329 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 104 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 126 (Kyrghyzstan); Boven, 1977: 126 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 183 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 548 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 88 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 85 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 32 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 436 (Malta); Prins, 1983: 8 (Southern Africa genera); Allred, 1982: 444 (U.S.A., Utah); Verhaeghe, Deligne, et al., 1984: 106 (Belgium genera); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 81 (Neotropical genera); Gösswald, 1985: 263 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 273 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 58 (U.S.A., Nevada); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 68 (Norway); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 124 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 162 (Far Eastern Russia); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al., 1991: 10 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 49 (Bulgaria); Shattuck, 1992b: 199 (higher classification, phylogeny); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 150 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 76 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 125 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 332 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 361 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 166 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 41 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 21 (Portugal); Shattuck, 1999: 25, 86 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 68 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 165 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 147 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 54 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 425 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 236 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 242 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 187 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 113 (U.S.A., Ohio); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 150 (North and Central Europe); Terayama, 2009: 202 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 30 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 17 (Benelux).
Myrmicinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 141 genera, 6,087 species, 864 subspecies
Fossil: 31 genera, 130 species
Myrmicites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 169. Type-genus: Myrmica.
Taxonomic history
Myrmicinae as group name: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 169 [Myrmicites]; Nylander, 1846a: 877 [Myrmicae].
Myrmicinae as family: Smith, F. 1851: 4 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 45 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 324 [Myrmicidae]; André, 1882a: 125 [Myrmicidae]; Cresson, 1887: 93 [Myrmicidae]; Emery, 1894g: 383 [Myrmicidae]; Saunders, 1896: 18 [Myrmicidae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [Myrmicidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 71 [Myrmicidae]; Bernard, 1951: 1058 [Myrmicidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 222 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 114 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1874: 167 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Myrmicidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Mayr, 1855: 290, 299 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 21 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1862b: 33 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 738 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 17 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 24 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1870: 307 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1874: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery, 1877a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1878: 367 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; André, 1881b: 64 [Myrmicidae]; Nasonov, 1889: 28 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1891b: 11 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1892j: 220 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1893a: 163; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Emery, 1895j: 768 [subfamily spelled Myrmicini]; Emery, 1896e: 179; Forel, 1899c: 30; Forel, 1902f: 520; Bingham, 1903: 105; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 138; Emery, 1914a: 29; Wheeler, 1915g: 806 [Myrmicides]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 40; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 74; Arnold, 1916: 166; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Myrmicini]; Forel, 1917: 240 [subfamily spelled Myrmicini]; Bondroit, 1918: 14 [Myrmicitae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 124; Emery, 1921f: 3; Karavaiev, 1934: 59; Clark, 1951: 16; Brown, 1954e: 28; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 40; Brown, 1973b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Myrmicinae as myrmicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 52, 182.
Myrmicinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102; Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173.
Myrmicinae as formicoid myrmicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007a: 556.
Tribes of Myrmicinae: Adelomyrmecini, Ankylomyrmini, Attini, Basicerotini, Blepharidattini, Cataulacini, Cephalotini, Crematogastrini, Dacetini, Formicoxenini, Lenomyrmecini, Liomyrmecini, Melissotarsini, Meranoplini, Metaponini, Myrmecinini, Myrmicariini, Myrmicini, Paratopulini, Phalacromyrmecini, Pheidolini, Solenopsidini, Stegomyrmecini, Stenammini, Tetramoriini.
Genera (extant) incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Diaphoromyrma, Tyrannomyrmex.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: †Afromyrma, †Attopsis, †Cephalomyrmex, †Electromyrmex, †Eocenidris, †Eomyrmex, †Fallomyrma, †Miosolenopsis, †Myrmecites, †Solenopsites.
Hong (2002) genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: †Brachytarsites, †Clavipetiola, †Fushunomyrmex, †Orbigastrula, †Quadrulicapito, †Quineangulicapito, †Sinomyrmex, †Sphaerogasterites, †Wumyrmex.
Collective group name in Myrmicinae: †Myrmicites.
Subfamily Myrmicinae references, world
Mayr, 1865: 17 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 91 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 367 (diagnosis); Handlirsch, 1907: 872 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 53 (catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 768 (diagnosis); Emery, 1896e: 179 (genera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 138 (diagnosis); Emery, 1912b: 101 (phylogeny); Emery, 1914a: 34 (phylogeny, tribe key); Arnold, 1916: 164 (diagnosis); Forel, 1917: 240 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 139 (diagnosis); Emery, 1921f: 3 (diagnosis, tribes & genera key, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 124, 655 (diagnosis, tribes key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 126 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 28 (phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 477 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967: 93 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 99 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 40 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 166 (genera, distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 52 (larvae, review & synthesis); Kugler, C. 1978a: 413 (sting structure); Kugler, C. 1978b: 267 (pygidial glands); Kugler, C. 1979c: 117 (sting, evolution); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 393 (synoptic classification); Caetano, F.H. 1984: 257 (digestive tract, morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 167 (Dufour's gland); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 onward (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 75 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1040 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 13 (catalogue); Hashimoto, 1996: 354 (phylogenetic position); Baroni Urbani, 2000: 480 (phylogeny); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 422 (diagnosis for wingless fossils); Bolton, 2003: 52, 182 (diagnosis, synopsis); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Ward, 2007a: 556 (classification).
Regional and national faunas with keys
Mayr, 1855: 391 (Austria); Mayr, 1861: 29 (Europe); Mayr, 1868c: 79 (†Baltic Amber); André, 1874: 171 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 29 (Switzerland); Saunders, E. 1880: 213 (Britain); André, 1882c: 256 (Europe & Algeria); Cresson, 1887: 98 (U.S.A. genera); Provancher, 1887: 243 (Canada); Nasonov, 1889: 54 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 11 (Madagascar genera); Lameere, 1892: 66 (Belgium); Forel, 1902f: 520 (India & Sri Lanka genera); Bingham, 1903: 105 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 103 (Russian Empire); Wasmann, 1906: 13 (Luxemburg); Bondroit, 1910: 490 (Belgium); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 558 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 55 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 32 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 8 (Switzerland); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 74 (Britain); Arnold, 1916: 166, 170 (South Africa tribes, genera); Emery, 1916b: 112 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 90 (France & Belgium); Kutter, 1920b: 144 (Switzerland); Soudek, 1922: 20 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 84 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927c: 256 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 77 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 170 (Dominican Republic); Gallardo, 1932b: 91 (Argentina, tribes); Arnol'di, 1933b: 596 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 88 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1934: 60 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 829 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 63 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941: 71 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 71 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 360 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 291 (U.S.A., males); Holgersen, 1943b: 166 (Norway); Holgersen, 1944: 198 (Norway); Buren, 1944a: 281 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 543 (U.S.A. genera); Boven, 1947: 170 (Belgium); Creighton, 1950a: 83 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 15 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 25 (New Zealand); Boven, 1959: 7 (Netherlands); Gregg, 1963: 288 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 92 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Collingwood, 1964: 94 (Britain); Bernard, 1967: 95 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 13 (Polynesia); Boven, 1970b: 9 (Netherlands); Kempf, 1972a: 263 (Neotropical, synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 325 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 70 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 19 (Kyrghyzstan); Boven, 1977: 69 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 31 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 524 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 75 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 36 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 20 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 423 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 438 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 76 (Neotropical genera); Verhaeghe, Deligne, et al. 1984: 112 (Belgium genera); Gösswald, 1985: 289 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 245 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 20 (U.S.A., Nevada); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 57 (Norway); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 265 (Balkans); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 181 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 89 (Far Eastern Russia); Ogata, 1991b: 61 (Japan genera); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 1 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 51 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 153 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 15 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 57 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 327 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 308 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 108 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 43 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 10 (Portugal); Shattuck, 1999: 39, 122 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 37 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 69 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 135 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 55 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 424 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 58 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 244 (Neotropical genera and synopsis); Coovert, 2005: 32 (U.S.A., Ohio); Radchenko, 2005b: 184 (North Korea); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 110 (North and Central Europe); Terayama, 2009: 131 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 36 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 46 (Benelux); Eguchi, Bui & Yamane, 2011: 8 (Vietnam genera).
Ponerinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 27 genera, 1,033 species, 155 subspecies
Fossil: 9 genera, 68 species, 2 subspecies
Ponerites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185. Type-genus: Ponera.
Taxonomic history
Ponerinae as group name: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185 [Ponérites].
Ponerinae as family: Smith, F. 1851: 6 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1858b: 76 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 44 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 320 [Poneridae]; André, 1882a: 125 [Poneridae]; Cresson, 1887: 93 [Poneridae]; Emery, 1894g: 379 [Poneridae]; Saunders, 1896: 18 [Poneridae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [Poneridae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 70 [Poneridae]; Bernard, 1951: 1042 [Poneridae]; Bernard, 1953b: 185 [Poneridae].
Ponerinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1874: 167 [Poneridae].
Ponerinae as subfamily of Poneridae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ponerinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Mayr, 1855: 289, 299 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1861: 21 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 712 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 64 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1862b: 31 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 11 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1868c: 24 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1870: 307 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1874: 21 [Poneridae]; Emery, 1877a: 70 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1878: 366 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; André, 1881b: 64 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1892j: 220 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13; Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 111 [Poneridae]; Nasonov, 1889: 27 [Poneridae]; Emery, 1895j: 766 [subfamily spelled Ponerini]; Emery, 1896e: 176; Forel, 1899c: 2; Emery, 1901a: 36; Bingham, 1903: 23; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 2; Wheeler, 1915g: 805 [Ponerides]; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 25; Arnold, 1915: 9; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Ponerini]; Forel, 1917: 235; Bondroit, 1918: 78 [Poneritae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 56, 632, 640; Borgmeier, 1923: 37; Karavaiev, 1934: 49; Clark, 1951: 15; Brown, 1954e: 24; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 39; Brown, 1973b: 165; all subsequent authors.
Ponerinae as poneromorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 42, 156.
Ponerinae as poneroid subfamily of Formicidae: Ouellette, Fisher, et al. 2006: 365; Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Moreau, Bell et al. 2006: 102; Ward, 2007a: 555.
Tribes of Ponerinae: Platythyreini, Ponerini, Thaumatomyrmecini.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Ponerinae: †Afropone, †Eogorgites, †Eoponerites, †Furcisutura, †Longicapitia.
Subfamily Ponerinae references, world
Smith, F. 1858b: 76 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1862: 712 (genera key); Mayr, 1865: 11 (Odontomachidae, Poneridae diagnoses), Mayr, 1867a: 79, 81 (Odontomachidae, Poneridae diagnoses); Forel, 1878: 366 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 13 (world catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 766 (diagnosis); Emery, 1896e: 176 (genera key); Handlirsch, 1907: 879 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911d: 3 (diagnosis, tribes key); Forel, 1917: 235 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 133 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 56, 636 (diagnosis, tribes key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 124 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 24 (phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 475 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967: 79 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 25 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 39 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 165 (genera, distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 48 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 387 (synoptic classification); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 168 (Dufour's gland); Fanfani & Dazzini Valcurone, 1986: 115 (exocrine glands synopsis); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 onward (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 153 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1042 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 14 (catalogue); Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter, 1997: 20 (†Cretaceous genera); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 422 (diagnosis for wingless fossils); Bolton, 2003: 42, 156 (diagnosis, synopsis); Ouellette, Fisher et al. 2006: 359 (phylogeny); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Ward, 2007a: 555 (classification).
.
Regional and national faunas with keys
Mayr, 1861: 28 (Europe); Mayr, 1868c: 69 (†Baltic Amber); André, 1874: 170 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 29 (Switzerland); André, 1882b: 227 (Europe & Algeria); Cresson, 1887: 97 (U.S.A., genera); Provancher, 1887: 238 (Canada); Nasonov, 1889: 54 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 9 (Madagascar genera); Forel, 1900c: 52 (India & Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903: 23 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 108 (Russian Empire); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 557 (North America genera); Bondroit, 1910: 489 (Belgium); Stitz, 1914: 54 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 31 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 6 (Switzerland); Arnold, 1915: 10 (South Africa); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 65 (Britain); Emery, 1916b: 98 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 580 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 79 (France & Belgium); Gallardo, 1918b: 4 (Argentina); Soudek, 1922: 18 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 82 (Netherlands); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 68 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 169 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933b: 596 (Russia); Karavaiev, 1934: 50 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 823 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 58 (Germany); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 278 (U.S.A. males); Buren, 1944a: 279 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 530 (U.S.A. genera); Creighton, 1950a: 31 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 11 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 11 (New Zealand); Gregg, 1963: 280 (U.S.A., Colorado); Bernard, 1967: 80 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 10 (Polynesia); Kempf, 1972a: 262 (Neotropical synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 323 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Boven, 1977: 66 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 21 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 522 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 74 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 29 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 14 (South Australia genera); Francoeur, 1979: 30 (Canada, Québec); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 417 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 438 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 75 (Neotropical genera); Collingwood, 1985: 236 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 17 (U.S.A., Nevada); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264 (Balkans); Ogata, 1987: 101 (Japan genera); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 8 (Japan); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 173 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 85 (Far Eastern Russia); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 51 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 166 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 10 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 31 (China genera); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 308 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 107 (Central Europe); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 10 (Portugal); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 145 (Korea); Shattuck, 1999: 52, 179 (Australia genera synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 19 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 22 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 133 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 53 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 436 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 27 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Csösz, 2003: 147 (Carpathian Basin); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 256 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 184 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 23 (U.S.A., Ohio); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2007: 27 (Malagasy genera, males); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 108 (North and Central Europe); Bolton & Fisher, 2008c: 32 (Afrotropical genera); Fernández & Arias-Penna, 2008: 32 (Neotropical genera); Dlussky, 2009: 1071 (Eocene amber); Terayama, 2009: 101 (Taiwan genera); Heterick, 2009: 34 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 68 (Benelux).
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Bothriomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE34 species, 11 subspecies
Bothriomyrmex Emery, 1869c: 117. Type-species: Bothriomyrmex costae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bothriomyrmex in Formicinae: André, 1881b: 64 [Formicidae].
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 380 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 170; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1895e: 469; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 27; Forel, 1917: 248; Bondroit, 1918: 88; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 689; all subsequent authors to the following.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 54; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 84.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Iridomyrmecini, Bothriomyrmecina: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Bothriomyrmecini: Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Genus Bothriomyrmex references
Forel, 1878: 380 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 218 (Europe & Algeria species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 170 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 469 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 305 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 27 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690 (subgenera key); Emery, 1925e: 5 (European and Oriental species); Kratochvíl, 1941: 96 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 96 (Central Europe species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 187 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 260 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kutter, 1977c: 175 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 548 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 87 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Gösswald, 1985: 316 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 92 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 8 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans species key); Shattuck, 1992c: 54 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1994: 31 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 80 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 119 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 163 (Central Europe species key); Shattuck, 1999: 66 (Australia synopsis); Seifert, 2007: 148 (North and Central Europe species key).
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 122 species, 21 subspecies
Fossil: 53 species
Dolichoderus Lund, 1831a: 130. Type-species: Formica attelaboides, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dolichoderus in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 75.
Dolichoderus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae].
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 386 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Forel, 1895b: 107 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1895e: 462; Forel, 1899c: 98; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 77; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of DOLICHODERUS
Hypoclinea Mayr, 1855: 377 (attributed to Foerster). Type-species: Formica quadripunctata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 165.
Taxonomic history
Hypoclinea in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 57.
Hypoclinea in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 377 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 40 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 53 [Formicidae]; André, 1874: 168 [Formicidae].
Hypoclinea in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Hypoclinea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 18; Forel, 1917: 247; all subsequent authors.
Hypoclinea as genus: Mayr, 1855: 377; Mayr, 1865: 9; Mayr, 1868c: 53; Mayr, 1870b: 953; Smith, 1871a: 310; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Kempf, 1972a: 118; Lattke, 1987b: 259; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Mackay & Vinson, 1989b: 17; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 120.
Hypoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 234; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 77; Forel, 1917: 247; Borgmeier, 1923: 84; Clark, 1930b: 252; McAreavey, 1949: 17; Creighton, 1950a: 331; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 182; Kusnezov, 1956: 28; Kusnezov, 1959: 50; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1415; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 154.
Hypoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Bingham, 1903: 291; Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Mackay, 1993b: 6; Shattuck, 1994: 39; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 31; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Monacis Roger, 1862a: 233. Type-species: Formica bispinosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167.
Taxonomic history
Monacis in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Monacis in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 9; Forel, 1917: 247; all subsequent authors.
Monacis as genus: Roger, 1862a: 233; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Brown, 1950e: 249; Kempf, 1959b: 227; Kempf, 1972a: 141; Kempf, 1972c: 253; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Mackay & Vinson, 1989b: 20; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17.
Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 228; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 9; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; Borgmeier, 1923: 81; Kusnezov, 1956: 27; Kusnezov, 1959: 50.
Monacis as junior synonym of Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1862: 704.
Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Mackay, 1993b: 6; Shattuck, 1994: 39; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 35; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Monoceratoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) monoceros, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Monoceratoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68.
Monoceratoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17.
Monoceratoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 35; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Diceratoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus scabridus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Diceratoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 181.
Diceratoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249.
Diceratoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 26; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Acanthoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus doriae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Acanthoclinea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618.
Acanthoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69.
Acanthoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249.
Acanthoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 18; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Karawajewella Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926d: 424; junior homonym of Diabolus Gray, J.E. 1841: 400 (Mammalia).]
Karawajewella as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 39, 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 32; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Homonym replaced by Karawajewella
Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926d: 424 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Diabolus) bifurcatus (junior synonym of Dolichoderus cuspidatus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Diabolus Karavaiev junior homonym of Diabolus Gray, J.E. 1841: 400 (Mammalia).]
Diabolus as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68.
Genus Dolichoderus references
Roger, 1863b: 10, 14, 15 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea, Monacis catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 407, 423 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 9 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 75 (Hypoclinea diagnosis); Mayr, 1868c: 54 (†Baltic Amber species key); Mayr, 1870b: 955 (Hypoclinea species key); Mayr, 1876: 79 (Australia species key); André, 1882b: 225 (Europe & Algeria species); Mayr, 1886d: 435 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 156 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 462 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 292 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1905d: 306 (North America species key); Emery, 1913a: 7 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 9, 10 (D. (Monacis), D. (Hypoclinea), catalogues); Mann, 1916: 460 (Brazil D. (Dolichoderus) species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688 (subgenera key); Clark, 1930b: 253 (Australia D. (Hypoclinea) species key); Creighton, 1950a: 333 (North America D. (Hypoclinea) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 181 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1959b: 230 (Monacis, all species revision, key); Wheeler, J. 1963: 149 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 249 (diagnosis); Kempf, 1969: 292 (Neotropical D. (Dolichoderus) species key); Kempf, 1972a: 98, 118, 141 (Neotropical Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea, Monacis, catalogues); Kempf, 1972c: 253 (Monacis species, additions to 1959a key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1415 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 24 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Harada, 1987: 602 (Monacis species key); Lattke, 1987b: 263 (Neotropical D. bispinosus group, key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Johnson, 1989a: 5 (U.S.A. species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 340, 347, 356 (Neotropical catalogue); Shattuck, 1992c: 66 (diagnosis, review of genus); Mackay, 1993b: 17 (New World, all species revision, key); Radchenko, 1994b: 112 (South Siberia species key); Shattuck, 1994: 39 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 172 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 120 (China species key); Xu, 1995a: 34 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 68 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001b: 356 (China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 153 (China, Guangxi species key); Dill, 2002: 21, 30 (southeast Asia species groups key, D. cuspidatus group revision, key); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 416 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Dlussky, 2002b: 54 (Baltic & Rovno amber species); Dlussky, 2008b: 509 (Europe Eocene amber species key); Heterick, 2009: 45 (south-western Australia species key).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 64 species, 26 subspecies
Fossil: 4 species
Tapinoma Foerster, 1850a: 43. Type-species: Tapinoma collina (junior synonym of Formica erratica), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tapinoma in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 55.
Tapinoma in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 372 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 41 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 10 [Formicidae]; André, 1874: 168 [Formicidae]; André, 1881b: 63 [Formicidae].
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 385 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1895b: 109 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 164; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1899c: 101; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 38; Arnold, 1915: 152; Forel, 1917: 248; Bondroit, 1918: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; subsequent authors except those below; then Jaffe, 1993: 9; Dubovikov, 2005a: 91 (implied); Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91.
Junior synonyms of TAPINOMA
Micromyrma Dufour, 1857: 60. Type-species: Micromyrma pygmaea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica erratica, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167.]
Micromyrma as subgenus of Tapinoma: Menozzi, 1925a: 19; Santschi, 1928e: 472; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 192.
Micromyrma as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Mayr, 1863: 455; Forel, 1878: 385; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454; Dalla Torre, 1893: 164; Emery, 1913a: 38; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 923; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 837; Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 65.
Semonius Forel, 1910f: 21. Type-species: Semonius schultzei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Semonius in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Semonius in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 44; Arnold, 1915: 157; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; all subsequent authors.
Semonius as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Pseudaphomomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Aphomomyrmex emeryi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Dimorphomyrmecini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 721.
Pseudaphomomyrmex incertae sedis in Formicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Myrmelachistini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Bolton, 1994: 50.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258; Bolton, 2003: 106.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: LaPolla & Longino, 2006: 305.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as junior synonym of Aphomomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 44; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 721.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 1995b: 369; Bolton, 2003: 106.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Zatapinoma Wheeler, W.M. 1928a: 20. Type-species: Zatapinoma annandalei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Zatapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737; all subsequent authors.
Zatapinoma as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Neoclystopsenella Kurian, 1955: 133. Type-species: Neoclystopsenella luffae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Neoclystopsenella in Bethylidae: Kurian, 1955: 133.
Neoclystopsenella in Dolichoderinae: Brown, 1988a: 337.
Neoclystopsenella as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Brown, 1988a: 337; Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Genus Tapinoma references
Mayr, 1855: 372 (diagnosis); Smith, F. 1858b: 55 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 13, 14 (Tapinoma, Micromyrma catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 10 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 78 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 222 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 164 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 304 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 38 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 44 (Semonius diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 152, 157 (diagnosis, South Africa species key, Semonius diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695 (Pseudaphomomyrmex diagnosis, in key). Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 923, 927 (Afrotropical Tapinoma, Semonius catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1034 (Malagasy catalogue); Emery, 1925d: 63 (Palaearctic species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 33 (Turkestan species key); Smith, M.R. 1928a: 311 (North America species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 79 (Czechoslovakia species key); Creighton, 1950a: 352 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 192, 196 (Asia Semonius, Tapinoma, Zatapinoma checklists); Bernard, 1967: 254 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Boven, 1970b: 24 (Netherlands species key); Kempf, 1972a: 246 (Neotropical catalogue); Tarbinsky, 1976: 118 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Kutter, 1977c: 178 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 547 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 87 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1421 (North America catalogue); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 421 (Malta species key); Gösswald, 1985: 317 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 106 (Australia catalogue); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans species key); Taylor, 1987a: 77 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 168 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 380 (Neotropical catalogue); Shattuck, 1992c: 146 (diagnosis, review of genus); Arakelian, 1994: 72 (Armenia species key); Shattuck, 1994: 140 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 399 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 116 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 360 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 165 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 40 (Britain species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 20 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 81 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 151 (China, Guangxi species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 135 (Poland species key); Seifert, 2007: 149 (North and Central Europe species key); Heterick, 2009: 58 (south-western Australia species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011: 13 (Malagasy males).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 93 species
Fossil: 4 species
Technomyrmex Mayr, 1872: 147. Type-species: Technomyrmex strenuus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Technomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 380 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 166; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Technomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 42; Arnold, 1915: 147; Forel, 1917: 248; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; subsequent authors except those below; then Jaffe, 1993: 9; Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Technomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 153; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 92.
Junior synonyms of TECHNOMYRMEX
Engramma Forel, 1905b: 180. Type-species: Engramma lujae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Engramma in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Engramma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 38; Forel, 1917: 248; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; all subsequent authors.
Engramma as junior synonym of Technomyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 153; Shattuck, 1994: 156; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 92; Bolton, 2007a: 4.
Tapinoptera Santschi, 1925g: 348 [as subgenus of Tapinoma]. Type-species: Tapinoma vexatum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tapinoptera as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91.
Tapinoptera as junior synonym of Technomyrmex: Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66 (in text); Bolton, 2007a: 4.
Aphantolepis Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 44. Type-species: Aphantolepis quadricolor, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Aphantolepis in Formicinae, Lasiini: Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 44.
Aphantolepis in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 624.
Aphantolepis as junior synonym of Technomyrmex: Brown, 1953h: 5; Shattuck, 1992c: 153; Shattuck, 1994: 156; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 92; Bolton, 2007a: 4.
Genus Technomyrmex references
Forel, 1878: 380 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 166 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 301 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 38 (Engramma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 42 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 147 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 201, 208, 209 (Engramma, Tapinoma, Technomyrmex diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 202 (Engramma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 922, 925 (Afrotropical Engramma, Technomyrmex catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1034 (Malagasy catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 106 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 77 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Shattuck, 1992c: 153 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1994: 156 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 402 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 118 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 360 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 83 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 158 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2007a: 1 (all species revision; Afrotropical & West Palaearctic species key: 13; Malagasy species key: 43; East Palaearctic, Oriental, Malesian & Polynesian species key: 59; Austral species key: 108; New World species key: 119); Fernández & Guerrero, 2008: 110 (New World synopsis, key); Terayama, 2009: 200 (Taiwan species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011: 14 (Malagasy males); Sharaf, et al. 2011: 15 (Arabian Peninsula species key).
Tribes (extinct) incertae sedis in DOLICHODERINAE
Formicinae Protrechina TRUE TRUE TRUEFossil: 1 species
†Protrechina Wilson, 1985d: 211. Type-species: †Protrechina carpenteri, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Protrechina in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
†Protrechina in Formicinae, Lasiini: Bolton, 1994: 50, Bolton, 1995b: 369.
†Protrechina incertae sedis in Formicinae: Wilson, 1985d: 211; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Bolton, 2003: 28.
Formicinae Lasiini Acropyga TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 40 species
Fossil: 1 species
Acropyga Roger, 1862a: 242. Type-species: Acropyga acutiventris,
by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Acropyga in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 379 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 174.
Acropyga in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1886f: 212; Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 107; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 88; Forel, 1917: 249.
Acropyga in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695; Emery, 1925b: 27; all subsequent authors except the two following.
Acropyga incertae sedis in Formicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.
Acropyga in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Acropyga in Formicinae, Lasiini: Bolton, 2003: 22, 94.
Acropyga as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Mayr, 1863: 394.
Acropyga as genus: Roger, 1862a: 242; Smith, F. 1871a: 319; Forel, 1878: 379; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of ACROPYGA.
Rhizomyrma Forel, 1893g: 347 [as subgenus of Acropyga]. Type-species: Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) goeldii, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 172.
Taxonomic history
Rhizomyrma in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1893g: 347; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 249.
Rhizomyrma in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695.
Rhizomyrma as genus: Emery, 1906c: 182; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Bruch, 1914: 227; Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 46; Forel, 1917: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695; Kusnezov, 1956: 33; Kusnezov, 1964: 68.
Rhizomyrma as subgenus of Acropyga: Forel, 1893g: 347; Forel, 1912m: 771; Emery, 1925b: 29; subsequent authors except below; Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 95.
Rhizomyrma as junior synonym of Acropyga: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18; LaPolla, 2004a: 16.
Atopodon Forel, 1912m: 771 [as subgenus of Acropyga]. Type-species: Acropyga (Atopodon) inezae, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.
Taxonomic history
[Atopodon also described as new by Forel, 1913k: 100.]
Atopodon in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1917: 249.
Atopodon in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695.
Atopodon as subgenus of Rhizomyrma: Forel, 1917: 249.
Atopodon as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695.
Atopodon as subgenus of Acropyga: Forel, 1912m: 771; Forel, 1913k: 100; Emery, 1925b: 30; subsequent authors except below; Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 95.
Atopodon as junior synonym of Acropyga: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18; LaPolla, 2004a: 16.
Malacomyrma Emery, 1922d: 109 [as subgenus of Acropyga]. Type-species: Acropyga silvestrii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Malacomyrma in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Malacomyrma as subgenus of Acropyga: Emery, 1922d: 109; Emery, 1925b: 30; subsequent authors except below; Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 95.
Malacomyrma as junior synonym of Acropyga: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18; LaPolla, 2004a: 16.
Genus Acropyga references
Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Forel, 1878: 379 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 174 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 332 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 928 (Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 27 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 29, 30 (A. (Rhizomyrma, Atopodon & Malacomyrma) diagnoses, catalogues); Weber, 1944: 91 (Neotropical A. (Rhizomyrma) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 210 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 16 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1423 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 107 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 5 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al., 1991: 14 (Japan species key); Wang, C. & Wu, 1992a: 227 (China species key); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1047 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 57 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 86 (Australia synopsis); Terayama, Fellowes & Zhou, 2002: 22 (diagnosis, East Asian species key); LaPolla, 2004a: 16 (diagnosis, all species revision, New World species key: 23, Old World species key: 27); LaPolla & Fisher, 2005: 601 (Afrotropical species, key); LaPolla, Schultz, et al. 2006: 197 (phylogeny); Terayama, 2009: 204 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 60 (south-western Australia species key).
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 100 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil: 22 species, 1 subspecies
Lasius Fabricius, 1804: 415. Type-species: Formica nigra, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 338.
Taxonomic history
[Lasius Jurine, 1801: 164 (Apidae), resurrected by Morice & Durrant, 1915: 421, later suppressed by Act of Commission.]
Lasius in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 49 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 42 [Formicidae].
Lasius in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 374 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 452 [Camponotidae]; Forel, 1886f: 206; Dalla Torre, 1893: 181.
Lasius in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 206.
Lasius in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 103; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 127; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 120.
Lasius in Formicinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Carpenter, 1930: 58; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 201; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 651; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Lasius in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655.
Lasius in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Lasius in Formicinae, Lasiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Emery, 1925b: 226; all subsequent authors except the entries above; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 2003: 22, 96.
Lasius as junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Forel, 1916: 460; Donisthorpe, 1916c: 276; Morice & Durrant, 1917: 442. Donisthorpe, 1927b: 206; Donisthorpe, 1937d: 132; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
Lasius as junior synonym of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 61; Emery, 1916b: 239; Emery, 1917a: 96; Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170; Bondroit, 1918: 19.
Lasius as genus: Fabricius, 1804: 415; Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1925b: 226; Wilson, 1955a: 11; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of LASIUS
Donisthorpea Morice & Durrant, 1915: 423. Type-species: Formica nigra, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Unnecessary replacement name for Lasius Fabricius.]
Donisthorpea in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
Donisthorpea as genus: Morice & Durrant, 1915: 423; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 184.
Donisthorpea as subgenus of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 11; Emery, 1916b: 240.
Donisthorpea as subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 229; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
Donisthorpea as junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Forel, 1916: 460; Morice & Durrant, 1917: 442; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209.
Donisthorpea as junior synonym of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1925b: 226; Wilson, 1955a: 11. [Lasius and Donisthorpea share the same type-species; synonymy is therefore absolute.]
†Tylolasius Zhang, 1989: 295. Type-species: †Tylolasius inflatus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Tylolasius incertae sedis in Formicinae: Bolton, 2003: 28, 131.
†Tylolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Hong, Wu & Ren, 2001: 348.
Subgenera of LASIUS include the nominal plus the following.
Subgenus LASIUS (ACANTHOMYOPS)
Acanthomyops Mayr, 1862: 652 (diagnosis in key), 699. Type-species: Formica clavigera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Acanthomyops in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae].
Acanthomyops in Camponotinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1917: 249.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 651; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258; Jaffe, 1993: 14.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Lasiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384 (misspelled as Acanthomyrmex); Emery, 1925b: 236; all subsequent authors except for those above.
Acanthomyops as junior synonym of Lasius: Mayr, 1866b: 888; Dalla Torre, 1893: 181.
Acanthomyops as subgenus of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 11; Forel, 1917: 249.
Acanthomyops as genus: Mayr, 1862: 699; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618; Creighton, 1950a: 426; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 150; Wing, 1968: 47; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 2003: 94.
Acanthomyops as subgenus of Lasius: Emery, 1893i: 642; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 236; Buren, 1950: 188; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 852; Gregg, 1963: 453; Ward, 2005: 13.
Subgenus LASIUS (DENDROLASIUS)
Dendrolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica fuliginosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Dendrolasius also described as new by Ruzsky, 1914a: 59.]
Dendrolasius as subgenus of Formicina: Forel, 1917: 249.
Dendrolasius as subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 211; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 637.
Dendrolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Ruzsky, 1912: 630; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 235; Wilson, 1955a: 14; all subsequent authors except the following.
Dendrolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional].
Subgenus LASIUS (CHTHONOLASIUS)
Chtonolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica umbrata, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1925b: 232.
Taxonomic history
[Chtonolasius also described as new by Ruzsky, 1914a: 59. The claim by some authors (e.g. Emery, 1916a: 11; Donisthorpe, 1941f: 37; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633) that Ruzsky nominated Lasius flavus as type-species is incorrect. Ruzsky (1912: 630) included those species "with the appearance of the yellow Lasius (Las. flavus D.G.) and its closely related species, and races (Las. carniolicus, Las. umbratus, Las. myops, Las. mixtus)". This is not a direct nomination of a type-species, nor is De Geer (= D.G.) the author of flavus: Bolton, 1995b: 24.]
Chthonolasius justified emendation of spelling: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170.
Chthonolasius as junior synonym of Formicina: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1916a: 11.
Chthonolasius as subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 254.
Chthonolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Ruzsky, 1912: 630; Ruzsky, 1914a: 59; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 231; Wilson, 1955a: 13; all subsequent authors except the following.
Chthonolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Subgenus LASIUS (CAUTOLASIUS)
Cautolasius Wilson, 1955a: 13 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica flava, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cautolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Cautolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Bolton, 2003: 97.
Subgenus LASIUS (AUSTROLASIUS)
Austrolasius Faber, 1967: 74 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Lasius carniolicus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Austrolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Autrolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Bolton, 2003: 97.
Genus Lasius references
Mayr, 1861: 49 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 425 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 8 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 74 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 179 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 46 (Switzerland species key); Forel, 1878: 374 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 191 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 257 (U.S.A. catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 236 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 64 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 181 (catalogue); Emery, 1893i: 637 (North America species key); Bingham, 1903: 339 (India species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 264 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 10 (Luxemburg species key); Bondroit, 1910: 484 (Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910e: 237 (North America L. umbratus forms, key); Stitz, 1914: 82 (Central Europe species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 188 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 243 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 591 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Bondroit, 1918: 19 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698 (subgenera key); Emery, 1925b: 226 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 231 (L. (Chthonolasius) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 235 (L. (Dendrolasius) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 236 (L. (Acanthomyops) diagnosis, catalogue); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e: 186 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 277 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 206 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 602 (Russia species key); Karavaiev, 1936: 193 (Ukraine species key); Stärcke, 1937: 57 (Europe L. umbratus group, key); Menozzi, 1939a: 313 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 267 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 100 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 100 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 373 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 174 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 296 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Stärcke, 1944a: 157 (Europe L. niger group, key); Boven, 1947: 184 (Belgium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 418 (North America Lasius species key); Creighton, 1950a: 428 (North America Acanthomyops species key); Buren, 1950: 188 (Acanthomyops queens, key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 201 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1955a: 13 (subgenera review); Wilson, 1955a: 26 (Nearctic Lasius species revision, key); Wilson, 1955a: 28 (Palaearctic species revision, key); Boven, 1959: 11 (Netherlands species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 177 (U.S.A., North Dakota Lasius species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 195 (U.S.A., North Dakota Acanthomyops species key); Gregg, 1963: 453 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Collingwood, 1963: 155 (Europe L. umbratus group species key); Collingwood, 1964: 107 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 349 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Wing, 1968: 53 (Acanthomyops diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bourne, 1973: 19 (Britain species key); Boven, 1970b: 28 (Netherlands species key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 7 (Britain species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 133 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 135 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 208 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 555 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 89 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 92 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1435 (North America Lasius catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1440 (North America Acanthomyops catalogue); Yamauchi, 1979: 147 (Japan species keys); Allred, 1982: 444 (U.S.A., Utah Acanthomyops species key); Allred, 1982: 450 (U.S.A., Utah Lasius species key); Collingwood, 1982: 283 (Himalayan species key); Gösswald, 1985: 268 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 64 (U.S.A., Nevada Lasius species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 68 (U.S.A., Nevada Acanthomyops species key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 70 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 281 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Seifert, 1988a: 143 (Europe L. (Chthonolasius) species key); Kupyanskaya, 1989: 781 (East Palaearctic L. (Dendrolasius) species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 158 (Turkmenistan species key); Seifert, 1990: 1 (supplement to European L. (Chthonolasius)); Agosti & Bolton, 1990b: 149 (characters); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 211 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al., 1991: 24 (Japan species key); Agosti, 1991: 295 (Lasius genus group diagnosis); Seifert, 1992b: 48 (Palaearctic L. (Lasius) species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 232 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 111 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Radchenko, 1994b: 114 (South Siberia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 53 (Acanthomyops catalogue); Bolton, 1995b: 221 (Lasius catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 92 (Sweden species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 361 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 153 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 179 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 42 (Britain species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 22 (Portugal species key); Zhou, 2001b: 187 (China, Guangxi species key); Blacker & Collingwood, 2002: 44 (British species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 154 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 237 (U.S.A., New Mexico Acanthomyops species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 331 (U.S.A., New Mexico Lasius species key); Radchenko, 2005a: 93 (East Palaearctic L. (Dendrolasius) species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 190 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 159 (North and Central Europe species key); Terayama, 2009: 207 (Taiwan species key).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Euprenolepis TRUE TRUE FALSE8 species
Euprenolepis Emery, 1906b: 134 [as subgenus of Prenolepis]. Type-species: Prenolepis procera, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Euprenolepis in Camponotinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143.
Euprenolepis in Camponotinae, Prenolepidini: Forel, 1917: 249.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 645.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 223; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Euprenolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 102.
Euprenolepis as subgenus of Prenolepis: Emery, 1906b: 134; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1917: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 697.
Euprenolepis as subgenus of Paratrechina: Emery, 1925b: 223; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 645; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 218.
Euprenolepis as genus: Brown, 1953h: 6; Bolton, 1994: 50; LaPolla, 2009: 6.
Junior synonym of EUPRENOLEPIS
Chapmanella Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 41. Type-species: Chapmanella negrosensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Chapmanella in Formicinae, Lasiini: Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 44.
Chapmanella in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214.
Chapmanella as junior synonym of Euprenolepis: Brown, 1953h: 6; all subsequent authors.
Genus Euprenolepis references
Emery, 1925b: 223 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214 (Asia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 189 (catalogue); LaPolla, 2009: 6 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 124 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota TRUE TRUE FALSE81 species, 51 subspecies
Lepisiota Santschi, 1926a: 15 [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis rothneyi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Lepisiota first available replacement name for Acantholepis Mayr, 1861 (junior homonym of Acantholepis Kroyer, 1846: 98 (Pisces)), hence valid name of genus: Bolton, 1995b: 33.]
Lepisiota in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 23.
[Lepisiota incorrectly as junior synonym of Acanthomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 181; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 397. In both publications Acanthomyrmex is an error for Acantholepis.]
Junior synonym of LEPISIOTA
Baroniurbania Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990: 4. Unnecessary replacement name for Acantholepis Mayr (junior homonym).
Taxonomic history
Baroniurbania as junior synonym of Lepisiota: Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 102.
Baroniurbania as subgenus of Lepisiota: Dietrich, 2004: 324.
Genus Lepisiota references
[Note. Entries prior to Bolton, 1995b: 44, refer to genus as Acantholepis.]
Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 9 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 378 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 210 (Europe & Algeria species key); Forel, 1892a: 41 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 171 (catalogue); Forel, 1894c: 411 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 315 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1920a: 554 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 214, 934, 1036 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 23 (diagnosis, catalogue); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929c: 480 (Turkestan species key); Finzi, 1936: 188 (Egypt species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 209 (Asia checklist); Collingwood, 1985: 292 (Saudi Arabia species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 281 (Balkans species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 205 (Bulgaria species key); Xu, 1994c: 232 (China species key); Arakelian, 1994: 80 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 226 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 128 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 363 (Saudi Arabia species key); Zhou, 2001b: 167 (China, Guangxi species key).
Homonym replaced by LEPISIOTA
Acantholepis Mayr, 1861: 42. Type-species: Hypoclinea frauenfeldi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Acantholepis Kroyer, 1846: 98 (Pisces)].
Acantholepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 42 [Formicinae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae].
Acantholepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 378 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 171.
Acantholepis in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1886f: 212; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 88; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1920a: 554.
Acantholepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 23; Santschi, 1926a: 15; all subsequent authors except the following.
Acantholepis in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
[Achantilepis Santschi, 1935b: 274, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
[Pseudacantholepis Bernard, 1953b: 256 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Bernard (1953) are all referable to Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 44.]
Extant: 101 species, 31 subspecies
Fossil: 2 species
Nylanderia Emery, 1906b: 133 [as subgenus of Prenolepis]. Type-species: Formica vividula, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nylanderia in Camponotinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143.
Nylanderia in Camponotinae, Prenolepidini: Forel, 1917: 249.
Nylanderia in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 697; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214.
Nylanderia in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676.
Nylanderia in Formicinae, Lasiini: Kempf, 1972a: 166.
Nylanderia as subgenus of Prenolepis: Emery, 1906b: 133; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1917: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 697.
Nylanderia as subgenus of Paratrechina: Emery, 1925b: 217; Creighton, 1950a: 405; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1443.
Nylanderia as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 210; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214; Kempf, 1972a: 166.
Nylanderia as junior synonym of Paratrechina: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Trager, 1984b: 51.
Nylanderia revived from synonymy: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 126.
Junior synonym of NYLANDERIA
Andragnathus Emery, 1922d: 111. Type-species: Andragnathus hubrechti, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Andragnathus in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 224.
Andragnathus in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 622.
Andragnathus in Formicinae, Formicini: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 197.
Andragnathus in Formicinae, Myrmelachistini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Andragnathus as junior synonym of Paratrechina: Agosti & Bolton, 1990a: 75; Bolton, 2003: 104.
Andragnathus as junior synonym of Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 126.
Genus Nylanderia references
For references prior to 2010, see under Paratrechina.
LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 126 (diagnosis, status).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina TRUE TRUE FALSE30 species, 5 subspecies
Paraparatrechina Donisthorpe, 1947d: 192 [as subgenus of Paratrechina]. Type-species: Paratrechina (Paraparatrechina) pallida, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paraparatrechina in Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1947d: 192.
Paraparatrechina as junior synonym of Paratrechina: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Trager, 1984b: 58.
Paraparatrechina revived from synonymy, status as genus: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Genus Paraparatrechina references
For references prior to 2010 see under Paratrechina.
LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128 (diagnosis, status); LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 3 (Afrotropical and Malagasy species revision, key).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paratrechina TRUE TRUE FALSE1 species
Paratrechina Motschoulsky, 1863: 13. Type-species: Paratrechina currens (junior synonym of Formica longicornis), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170.
Taxonomic history
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 682.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 218; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Myrmelachistinini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 652; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 216; Stitz, 1939: 379; Bernard, 1953b: 257; Kempf, 1972a: 182; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1442; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Jaffe, 1993: 14; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 104.
Paratrechina as junior synonym of Prenolepis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 177; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 940.
Paratrechina as genus: Emery, 1925b: 216; all subsequent authors.
Genus Paratrechina references
References prior to 2010 also include Nylanderia and Paraparatrechina.
André, 1882b: 203 (Europe & Algeria species key); Forel, 1894c: 406 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 941, 1037 (Afrotropical, Malagasy P. (Nylanderia) catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 216 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 217 (P. (Nylanderia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 224 (Andragnathus diagnosis, catalogue); Finzi, 1936: 191 (Egypt species key); Buren, 1944a: 295 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 404 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 197, 214, 218 (Asia Andragnathus, Nylanderia, Paratrechina checklists); Kusnezov, 1956: 32 (Argentina species key); Bernard, 1967: 347 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 166, 182 (Neotropical Nylanderia, Paratrechina catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 26 (Cuba species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 556 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1442 (North America, catalogue); Trager, 1984b: 65 (Nearctic species revision, key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 64 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Collingwood, 1985: 298 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 129 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 52 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Brandão, 1991: 365 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1991: 20 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 312 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 150 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 369 (Saudi Arabia species key); Terayama, 1999c: 50 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 104 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 177 (China, Guangxi species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 354 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Terayama, 2009: 210 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 104 (south-western Australia species key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Plagiolepis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 57 species, 19 subspecies
Fossil: 10 species
Plagiolepis Mayr, 1861: 42. Type-species: Formica pygmaea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Plagiolepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 42 [Formicinae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 36 [Formicidae].
Plagiolepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 378 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 172.
Plagiolepis in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1886f: 212; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 88; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 100; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1920a: 578.
Plagiolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 19; Santschi, 1926a: 14; all subsequent authors except the one below; Bolton, 2003: 23, 105.
Plagiolepis in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Junior synonyms of PLAGIOLEPIS
†Rhopalomyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 41. Type-species: †Rhopalomyrmex pygmaeus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Rhopalomyrmex in Formicinae: Mayr, 1868c: 41 [Formicidae].
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 376 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 175.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae, Myrmelachistini: Forel, 1912i: 89.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 103.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 724; Bolton, 1994: 51.
†Rhopalomyrmex as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Dlussky, 1997: 624; Bolton, 2003: 105.
Anacantholepis Santschi, 1914e: 36 [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) decora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Anacantholepis as genus: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 212.
Anacantholepis as subgenus of Plagiolepis: Santschi, 1914e: 36 Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1922: 581; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 22; Bolton, 1994: 51.
Anacantholepis as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Bolton, 2003: 105, 268.
Aporomyrmex Faber, 1969: 52. Type-species: Aporomyrmex ampeloni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Aporomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Faber, 1969: 52 (by implication).
Aporomyrmex as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 51; all subsequent authors.
Paraplagiolepis Faber, 1969: 65 [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis xene, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paraplagiolepis as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 51; all subsequent authors.
Genus Plagiolepis references
Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 442 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 7 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 73 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 376, 378 (†Rhopalomyrmex, Plagiolepis diagnoses); André, 1882b: 208 (Europe & Algeria species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 172, 175 (Plagiolepis, †Rhopalomyrmex, catalogue); Forel, 1894c: 414 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 320 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1920a: 578 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Arnold, 1922: 579 (South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 211, 696, 928, 1035 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 19 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 22 (P. (Anacantholepis) diagnosis, catalogue); Stitz, 1939: 231 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 98 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 98 (Central Europe species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 212, 213 (Asia Anacantholepis, Plagiolepis checklists); Bernard, 1967: 272 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 205 (Neotropical catalogue); Kutter, 1977c: 185 (Switzerland species key); Collingwood, 1978: 89 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1422 (North America, catalogue); Gösswald, 1985: 264 (Germany species key); Collingwood, 1985: 297 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 130 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 55 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 280 (Balkans species key); Radchenko, 1989b: 153 (European former U.S.S.R. species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 161 (Turkmenistan species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1991: 16 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 201 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 78 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 334 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 130 (China species key); Radchenko, 1996a: 178 (Central & Southern Palaearctic species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 362 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 178 (Central Europe species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 22 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 106 (Australia synopsis); Seifert, 2007: 158 (North and Central Europe species key); Terayama, 2009: 213 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 106 (south-western Australia species key); Dlussky, 2010: 72 (Eocene European amber species key).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 19 species, 6 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Prenolepis Mayr, 1861: 52. Type-species: Tapinoma nitens, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 325.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica imparis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1906b: 134, repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 171 and Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 940.]
Prenolepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 52 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 32 [Formicidae].
Prenolepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 377 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 177.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 209.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 103; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 125; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Prenolepidini: Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 117; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1922: 605.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 697; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 219; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 685.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 651; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 224; Stitz, 1939: 379, Kempf, 1972a: 209; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1444; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Jaffe, 1993: 14; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 105.
Genus Prenolepis references
Roger, 1863b: 10 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 451 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 7 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 71 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 947 (all species key); Forel, 1878: 377 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 203 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 257 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 177 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 326 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1910a: 127 (Palaearctic species key); Arnold, 1922: 605 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 216, 697, 940 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 224 (diagnosis, catalogue); Creighton, 1950a: 410 (North America species review); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 219 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 209 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1442 (North America catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 363 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 137 (China species key); Xu, 1995c: 338 (Southern & Eastern Asia species key); Fontenla Rizo, 2000: 81 (Antilles Is species key); Zhou, 2001b: 170 (China, Guangxi species key); Wang, W. & Wu, 2007: 721 (China species key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 129 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 45 species, 15 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Pseudolasius Emery, 1887a: 244. Type-species: Formica familiaris, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 337.
Taxonomic history
Pseudolasius in Camponotinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 180.
Pseudolasius in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 133; Forel, 1917: 249.
Pseudolasius in Formicinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 203; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Pseudolasius in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722.
Pseudolasius in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 214; all subsequent authors except the post-1925 entries above and below; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Pseudolasius in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Pseudolasius in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 106.
Junior synonym of PSEUDOLASIUS
Nesolasius Wheeler, W.M. 1935b: 50 [as subgenus of Pseudolasius]. Type-species: Pseudolasius (Nesolasius) typhlops, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nesolasius as junior synonym of Pseudolasius: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 50; all subsequent authors.
Genus Pseudolasius references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 180 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 337 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911a: 214 (all species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 218, 943 (diagnosis, Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 214 (diagnosis, catalogue); Menozzi, 1924b: 226 (Afrotropical species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 203 (Asia checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 144 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 66 (Australia checklist); Agosti, 1991: 296 (Pseudolasius genus group diagnosis); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 369 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 134 (China species key); Xu, 1997: 2 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 112 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 184 (China, Guangxi species key); LaPolla, 2004b: 97 (Afrotropical species key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 129 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 1,058 species, 495 subspecies
Fossil: 31 species
Camponotus Mayr, 1861: 35. Type-species: Formica ligniperda, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 347.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica herculeana, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 259, repeated in Arnold, 1922: 612.]
Camponotus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 35 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 26 [Formicidae].
Camponotus in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 447 [Camponotidae]; Forel, 1892j: 223 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 171.
Camponotus in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 141; Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 101; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 130; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 138; Forel, 1917: 250; Arnold, 1922: 610.
Camponotus in Formicinae, Camponotini: Bondroit, 1918: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 703; Emery, 1925b: 59; all subsequent authors except the following.
Camponotus in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Camponotus as subgenus of Formica: Smith, F. 1871a: 306.
Camponotus as genus: all authors except the entry above.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS
†Paleosminthurus Pierce & Gibron, 1962: 146. Type-species: †Paleosminthurus juliae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Paleosminthurus in Collembola, family †Paleosminthuridae: Pierce & Gibron, 1962: 146.
†Paleosminthurus incertae sedis in Formicidae: Najt, 1987: 152.
†Paleosminthurus incertae sedis in Formicinae: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
†Paleosminthurus in †Paleosmithurinae: Bolton, 1994: 187 [provisional subfamily status]; Bolton, 1995b: 14, 311; Bolton, 2003: 76, 263.
†Paleosminthurus as junior synonym of Camponotus: Snelling (pers. comm., 2004). [Synonymy remained unpublished at his death in 2008.]
†Shanwangella Zhang, 1989: 307. Type-species: †Shanwangella palaeoptera, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Shanwangella as junior synonym of Camponotus: Hong & Wu, 2000: 20.
Subgenera of CAMPONOTUS include the nominal plus the following.
All the subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Camponotus by Brown, 1973b: 179 - 185. Brown's list was repeated in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18 but with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms; subgeneric status was reinstated in Bolton, 1994: 50. These consecutive entries are not repeated individually below.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (COLOBOPSIS)
Colobopsis Mayr, 1861: 38. Type-species: Formica truncata, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 342.
Taxonomic history
Colobopsis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 38 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae].
Colobopsis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 368 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1897: 449 [Camponotidae].
Colobopsis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 193; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Colobopsis in Formicinae, Camponotini: Bondroit, 1918: 65; Emery, 1925b: 144; all subsequent authors.
Colobopsis as genus: Mayr, 1861: 38; Mayr, 1862: 652; Mayr, 1865: 7; Mayr, 1870b: 940; Forel, 1878: 368; Forel, 1879a: 125; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 449; André, 1882b: 159; Bingham, 1903: 342; Forel, 1886f: 193; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 66; Jaffe, 1993: 14.
Colobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1889b: 517; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219; Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1893b: 435; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1904b: 139; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 90; Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 247; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 144; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 634; Creighton, 1950a: 390; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 222; Kempf, 1972a: 42; Smith, D.R., 1979: 1433; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Junior synonyms of CAMPONOTUS (COLOBOPSIS)
Condylomyrma Santschi, 1928c: 72 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Condylomyrma) bryani, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Condylomyrma as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1928c: 72.
Condylomyrma as junior synonym of Colobopsis: Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 422 (in text).
[Campylomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 421 (in text), incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Dolophra Wu, J. & Wang, 1994: 35. Type-species: Dolophra politae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dolophra as genus: Wu, J. & Wang, 1994: 35; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 158.
Dolophra as junior synonym of Camponotus: Bolton, 1995b: 27.
Dolophra as junior synonym of Camponotus (Colobopsis): Bolton, 2003: 113, 268.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MAYRIA)
Mayria Forel, 1878: 369. Type-species: Mayria madagascarensis (junior secondary homonym in Camponotus, replaced by Camponotus repens), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Mayria in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 369 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219.
Mayria in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Mayria as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1894e: 227; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 121; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MAYRIA)
Myrmosaga Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus kelleri, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus quadrimaculatus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Myrmosaga as subgenus of Camponotus Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 241; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; all subsequent authors.
Myrmosaga as junior synonym of Mayria: Emery, 1925b: 121.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (RHINOMYRMEX)
Rhinomyrmex Forel, 1886f: 192. Type-species: Rhinomyrmex klaesii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Rhinomyrmex in Camponotinae: Forel, 1886f: 192 [Camponotii]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219.
Rhinomyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Rhinomyrmex as genus: Forel, 1886f: 192; Forel, 1893a: 165; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Rhinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1896d: 374; Forel, 1914a: 264; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 142; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (DENDROMYRMEX)
Dendromyrmex Emery, 1895j: 772. Type-species: Formica chartifex, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161.
Taxonomic history
Dendromyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1917: 250.
Dendromyrmex in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 700; Emery, 1925b: 172; all subsequent authors except the following.
Dendromyrmex in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Dendromyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Fernández, 2002: 51.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (DINOMYRMEX)
Dinomyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica gigas, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dinomyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dinomyrmex as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1913b: 350; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 69; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (DINOMYRMEX)
Myrmogigas Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica gigas, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmogigas as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91.
Myrmogigas as junior synonym of Dinomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 259; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704. [Dinomyrmex and Myrmogigas share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (TANAEMYRMEX)
Tanaemyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica longipes (junior primary homonym in Formica, replaced by Camponotus etiolipes), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Tanaemyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tanaemyrmex as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tanaemyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 75; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (TANAEMYRMEX)
Myrmoturba Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica maculata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoturba as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 235; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704.
Myrmoturba as junior synonym of Tanaemyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 75; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (ORTHONOTOMYRMEX)
Orthonotomyrmex Ashmead, 1906: 31.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384; junior homonym of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829: 344 (Hemiptera). Type-species not Formica lateralis, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 264; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Orthonotomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1913i: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 264; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 244; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 124; all subsequent authors.
Homonym replaced by ORTHONOTOMYRMEX
Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica sericea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829: 344 (Hemiptera).]
Orthonotus in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAMBLYS)
Myrmamblys Forel, 1912i: 90 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus reticulatus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus fastigatus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 263; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Myrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 90; Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 248; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 136; Santschi, 1926c: 601; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTHRIX)
Myrmothrix Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica abdominalis (junior primary homonym; Formica atriceps is first available replacement name), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica rufipes, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260.]
Myrmothrix as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Emery, 1925b: 107; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSERICUS)
Myrmosericus Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica rufoglauca, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmosericus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 104; all subsequent authors.
[See note under Myrmosaulus.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPHYMA)
Myrmophyma Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus capito, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus quadrisectus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 261; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 612.]
Myrmophyma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 239; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 109; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPHYMA)
Myrmocamelus Forel, 1914a: 261 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica ephippium, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus gambeyi, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1922: 101. Myrmocamelus also described as new by Forel, 1915b: 102.]
Myrmocamelus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1915b: 102; Forel, 1917: 250; Forel, 1922: 101.
Myrmocamelus as junior synonym of Myrmophyma: Emery, 1920b: 257; Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18; Emery, 1925b: 109.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTREMA)
Myrmotrema Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus foraminosus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmotrema as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 245; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 130; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOBRACHYS)
Myrmobrachys Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica senex, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmobrachys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 161; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMENTOMA)
Myrmentoma Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica lateralis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
Myrmentoma as junior synonym of Orthonotomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 264; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 970.
Myrmentoma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Emery, 1920b: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925a: 62; Emery, 1925b: 116; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSPHINCTA)
Myrmosphincta Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sexguttata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica cinerascens, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 265; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 614.]
Myrmosphincta as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 265; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 238; Arnold, 1922: 614; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 151; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTARSUS)
Myrmotarsus Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica mistura, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica irritabilis, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260.]
Myrmotarsus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 134; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPOMIS)
Myrmepomis Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sericeiventris, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica fulvopilosa, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 265; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 614.]
Myrmepomis as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 265; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 245; Arnold, 1922: 614; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 170; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPOMIS)
Myrmolophus Emery, 1920b: 237 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sericeiventris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmolophus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 237.
Myrmolophus as junior synonym of Myrmepomis: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 170. [Myrmepomis and Myrmolophus share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOGONIA)
Myrmogonia Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus laminatus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmogonia as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 143; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEURYNOTA)
Myrmeurynota Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus eurynotus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus gilviventris, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 266.]
Myrmeurynota as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 266; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 167; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPSAMMA)
Myrmopsamma Forel, 1914a: 261 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus mystaceus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopsamma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 246; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 70; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOMALIS)
Myrmomalis Forel, 1914a: 263 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus depressus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmomalis as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPLATYS)
Myrmoplatys Forel, 1916: 460 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus korthalsiae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoplatys as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936e: 219 (in text); Donisthorpe, 1943f: 670.
Myrmoplatys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1916: 460; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 135; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAPHAENUS)
Myrmaphaenus Emery, 1920b: 237 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus leydigi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmaphaenus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 152; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAPHAENUS)
Paracolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 249 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus salvini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paracolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709.
Paracolobopsis as junior synonym of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152; Kempf, 1972a: 44.
Neomyrmamblys Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus fastigatus, by subsequent designation of Santschi, 1921f: 311.
Taxonomic history
Neomyrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708.
Neomyrmamblys as junior synonym of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152; Kempf, 1972a: 44.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMONESITES)
Myrmonesites Emery, 1920b: 242 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus putatus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmonesites as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 242; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 123.
[Myrmensites Donisthorpe, 1943f: 666, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPYTIA)
Myrmopytia Emery, 1920b: 243 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus imitator, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopytia as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 114; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTEMNUS)
Myrmotemnus Emery, 1920b: 246 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus moeschi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmotemnus as junior synonym of Myrmamblys: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 137; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 671 (anachronism).
Myrmotemnus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 246; Santschi, 1926c: 601.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (PSEUDOCOLOBOPSIS)
Pseudocolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 249 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus macrocephalus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 157; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSTENUS)
Myrmostenus Emery, 1920b: 250 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus mirabilis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmostenus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 161; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (HYPERCOLOBOPSIS)
Hypercolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 250 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Colobopsis paradoxa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hypercolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 160; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (HYPERCOLOBOPSIS)
Neocolobopsis Borgmeier, 1928b: 65 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Neocolobopsis) scrobifer (junior synonym of Camponotus coriolanus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neocolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus Borgmeier, 1928b: 65.
Neocolobopsis as junior synonym of Hypercolobopsis: Kempf, 1968b: 411; Kempf, 1972a: 43.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPIROMIS)
Myrmopiromis Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica fulvopilosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopiromis as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 1127.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSAULUS)
Myrmosaulus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica cinerascens, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica singularis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1925b: 113, repeated in Donisthorpe, 1943f: 670. Note that Donisthorpe, 1932c: 445, states that C. cinerascens belongs in subgenus Myrmosericus. If so then Myrmosaulus would fall as a junior synonym of Myrmosericus.]
Myrmosaulus as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 112; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOCLADOECUS)
Myrmocladoecus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus latangulus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709.
Taxonomic history
Myrmocladoecus as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MANNIELLA)
Manniella Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus sphaericus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Manniella subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 159; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMISOLEPIS)
Myrmisolepis Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus epinotalis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmisolepis as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 310; Emery, 1925b: 133; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPELTA)
Myrmopelta Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus arminius, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopelta as junior synonym of Myrmamblys: Emery, 1925b: 137.
Myrmopelta as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 310; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704 (footnote); Santschi, 1926a: 16; Santschi, 1926c: 603; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPLATYPUS)
Myrmoplatypus Santschi, 1921f: 311 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus platytarsus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoplatypus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 311; Emery, 1925b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPINOTUS)
Myrmepinotus Santschi, 1921f: 312 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus echinoploides, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmepinotus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 312; Emery, 1925b: 126; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOXYGENYS)
Myrmoxygenys Emery, 1925b: 70 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus caesar, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoxygenys as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 70; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (KARAVAIEVIA)
Karavaievia Emery, 1925b: 115 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus exsectus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Karavaievia as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 115; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMODIRACHIS)
Myrmodirachis Emery, 1925b: 168 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus heathi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmodirachis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 168; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMESPERA)
Myrmespera Santschi, 1926b: 247 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmespera) debellator, by subsequent designation of Santschi, 1926c: 604.
Taxonomic history
Myrmespera as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926b: 247; Santschi, 1926c: 603; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (PARAMYRMAMBLYS)
Paramyrmamblys Santschi, 1926c: 604 [as subgenus of Camponotus].Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmamblys) ostiarius, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paramyrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926c: 604; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMACRHAPHE)
Myrmacrhaphe Santschi, 1926c: 607 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus conradti, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmacrhaphe as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926c: 607; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (THLIPSEPINOTUS)
Thlipsepinotus Santschi, 1928e: 483 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus claripes, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Thlipsepinotus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1928e: 483; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPALPELLA)
Myrmopalpella Stärcke, 1934: 30 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus megalonyx, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopalpella as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936e: 219 (in text); Donisthorpe, 1943f: 669.
Myrmopalpella as subgenus of Camponotus: Bolton, 1995b: 37.
Genus Camponotus references
Mayr, 1861: 35 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 1, 9 (Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 397, 403 (Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 6, 7 (Camponotus, Colobopsis diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 67 (Colobopsis diagnois); Mayr, 1868c: 27 (†Baltic Amber species key); Mayr, 1870a: 373 (Colombia + Panama (= New Grenada) species key); Mayr, 1870b: 941 (Colobopsis species key); André, 1874: 175 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 38 (Switzerland species key); Mayr, 1876: 58 (Australia species key); Mayr, 1878: 869 (all Dendromyrmex species key (as part of Camponotus)); Forel, 1878: 367, 368 (Camponotus, Colobopsis diagnoses); André, 1882a: 138 (Europe & Algeria species key); André, 1882b: 159 (Europe & Algeria Colobopsis species key); Cresson, 1887: 255 (U.S.A. Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 228 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 57 (Russia species key); Forel, 1891b: 71, 216 (Madagascar species key); Forel, 1892j: 223 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 219 (Rhinomyrmex, Mayria, Camponotus catalogues); Emery, 1893i: 667 (North America species key); Forel, 1893b: 435 (India & Sri Lanka C. (Colobopsis) species key); Emery, 1895j: 772 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896d: 370, 378 (species groups, catalogue); Emery, 1898a: 225 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Emery, 1903 (South America species key); Bingham, 1903: 343, 348 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Colobopsis, Camponotus species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 185 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908a: 183 (Palaearctic C. herculeanus & C. maculatus groups species key); Bondroit, 1910: 486 (Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 297 (North America species key); Forel, 1914a: 259, 266 (subgenera diagnoses, species listed by subgenus); Stitz, 1914: 94 (Central Europe species key); Santschi, 1915c: 266 (C. (Myrmotrema) species key); Emery, 1916b: 227 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 600 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Mann, 1916: 489 (Dendromyrmex, all species key); Bondroit, 1918 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1920b: 235 (subgenera, diagoses); Emery, 1920c: 8 (Old World C. maculatus group, checklist & key); Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 16 (subgenera, notes); Santschi, 1921f: 310 (subgenera, notes); Mann, 1921: 489, 499 (Fiji Is C. (Myrmogonia) & C. (Colobopsis) species keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704 (subgenera synopsis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 232, 948, 1039 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Arnold, 1922: 610, 612, 619, 662, 673 (diagnosis, South Africa subgenera synopsis, South Africa C. (Tanaemyrmex), C. (Myrmophyma), C. (Myrmopsamma) species keys); Arnold, 1924: 683, 700, 709, 724, 735 (South Africa C. (Myrmosericus), C. (Myrmamblys), C. (Orthonotomyrmex), C. (Myrmotrema), C. (Myrmepomis) species keys); Emery, 1925a: 62 (Palaearctic C. lateralis group, key); Emery, 1925b: 59 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 69 (C. (Dinomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 70 (C. (Myrmoxygenys) & C. (Myrmopsamma) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 71 (C. (Camponotus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 75 (C. (Tanaemyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 104 (C. (Myrmosericus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 107 (C. (Myrmothrix) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 109 (C. (Myrmophyma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 112 (C. (Myrmosaulus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 114 (C. (Myrmopytia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 115 (C. (Karavaievia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 116 (C. (Myrmentoma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 121 (C. (Mayria) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 123 (C. (Myrmonesites) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 124 (C. (Orthonotomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 126 (C. (Myrmepinotus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 127 (C. (Myrmopiromis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 130 (C. (Myrmotrema) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 133 (C. (Myrmisolepis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 134 (C. (Myrmotarsus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 135 (C. (Myrmoplatys) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 136 (C. (Myrmamblys) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 142 (C. (Rhinomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 143 (C. (Myrmogonia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 144 (C. (Colobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 151 (C. (Myrmosphincta) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 152 (C. (Myrmaphaenus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 157 (C. (Pseudocolobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 159 (C. (Manniella) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 160 (C. (Hypercolobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 161 (C. (Myrmostenus) & C. (Myrmobrachys) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 166 (C. (Myrmocladoecus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 167 (C. (Myrmeurynota) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 168 (C. (Myrmodirachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 169 (C. (Myrmomalis) & C. (Myrmoplatypus) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 170 (C. (Myrmepomis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 172 (Dendromyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1926a: 16, 21 (C. (Myrmopelta) diagnosis, species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 275 (Ukraine species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 601 (Russia species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 81 (Israel species key); Menozzi, 1935c: 330 (Chile species key); Karavaiev, 1936: 175 (Ukraine species key); Finzi, 1936: 190 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 316 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 236 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 109 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 109 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 387 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Donisthorpe, 1932g: 248 (C. (Orthonotomyrmex) notes); Holgersen, 1943b: 174 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 293 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 362 (North America species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 220 (Asia checklist); Yasumatsu & Brown, 1951: 29 (C. herculeanus complex); Kusnezov, 1952d: 192 (Argentina species key); Yasumatsu & Brown, 1957: 45 (C. herculeanus complex); Pisarski, 1961a: 175 (Poland species key); Gregg, 1963: 655 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 163 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Arnol'di, 1967: 1817 (former U.S.S.R. C. (Camponotus) species key); Bernard, 1967: 330 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 42, 95 (Neotropical catalogue); Hashmi, 1973: 1 (C. (Myrmothrix) all species revision, key); Alayo, 1974: 27 (Cuba species key); Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 117 (Chile species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 144 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 130 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 191 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 551 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 90 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 87 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1424 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 445 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 264 (Germany species key); Collingwood, 1985: 275 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 109 (Australia catalogue); Dumpert, 1986: 571 (C. (Karavaievia) species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 60 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 282 (Balkans species key); Taylor, 1987a: 10, 16 (Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand checklists); Snelling, R.R. 1988: 57 (Nearctic C. (Myrmentoma) species key); Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989a: 222 (China species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 125 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 164 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 332 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 38 (Japan species key); Terayama, 1991: 165 (Japan C. (Paramyrmamblys) species); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 207 (Bulgaria species key); Wang, C. & Wu, 1994: 28 (China species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 116 (South Siberia species key); Arakelian, 1994: 82 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 83, 169 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 92 (Sweden species key); Dumpert, Maschwitz, Weissflog et al. 1995: 104 (C. (Karavaievia) species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 352 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 168 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 370 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 170 (Central Europe species key); Radchenko, 1996b: 1195 (Asiatic Palaearctic species key); Cagniant, 1996b: 87 (Morocco species key); McArthur & Adams, 1996: 18 (Australia C. nigriceps group, key); Mackay, 1997: 194 (C. (Myrmostenus) species key); Mackay & Mackay, 1997b: 319 and Snelling, R.R. 2000: 607 (C. montivagus complex, keys); Robertson & Zachariades, 1997: 2 (C. fulvopilosus group, key); Snelling & Torres, 1998: 9 (Puerto Rico & Virgin Is species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 24 (Portugal species key); Terayama, 1999b: 27 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 91 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 200 (China, Guangxi species key); McArthur & Shattuck, 2001: 27 (Australia C. macrocephalus group, key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 153 (Poland species key); Fernández, 2002: 58 (C. (Dendromyrmex) diagnosis, all species revision, key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 248 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Shattuck & McArthur, 2002: 65 (Australia C. wiederkehri group key); Bolton, 2003: 112 (synopsis); Shattuck, 2005: 3 (C. aureopilus group key); Radchenko, 2005b: 188 (North Korea species key); Hansen & Klotz, 2005: 75 (North American “Carpenter Ants” key); Snelling, R.R. 2006: 96 (U.S.A. C. festinatus complex, key); Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 29 (India species, key); Dumpert, Maschwitz & Weissflog, 2006: 77 (C. (Karavaievia) species, keys); Seifert, 2007: 152 (North and Central Europe species key); McArthur, 2007a: 290 (Australia species key); Shattuck & Janda, 2009: 252 (C. aureopilus group key); Mackay & Delsinne, 2009: 496 (New World C. maculatus complex, key); Terayama, 2009: 216 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 60 (south-western Australia species key); Ionescu-Hirsch, 2009: 59 (Israel species key); McArthur, 2010: 18 (south Australia species key).
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 614 species, 86 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Polyrhachis Smith, F. 1857a: 58. Type-species: Formica bihamata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Polyrhachis Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172, nomen nudum.]
Polyrhachis in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 58.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae].
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 257.
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 194; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 251; Arnold, 1924: 741.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 175; all subsequent authors except the following.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Polyrhachis as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170. [Myrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 106; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702, 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; all subsequent authors (see note under Myrma).]
[Polyrachis Arnold, 1924: 741, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Subgenera of POLYRHACHIS include the nominal plus the following.
All the earlier subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Polyrhachis by Brown, 1973b: 178 - 184. Brown's list was repeated in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 19 but with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms; subgeneric status was reinstated in Bolton, 1994: 50. These consecutive entries are not repeated individually below.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMA)
Myrma Billberg, 1820: 104. Type-species: Formica militaris, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 859.
Taxonomic history
[Although Myrma antedates Polyrhachis, the former has been treated as a subgenus of the latter since Forel, 1917: 251 (see Hung, 1967b: 396 for history). Dorow, Kohout & Taylor, 1997: 236 proposed the precedence of Polyrhachis over Myrma and that precedence was established by the ICZN (Opinion 1919) 1999: 92.]
Polyrhachis as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170.
Myrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 106; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702, 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; all subsequent authors, see note above.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMA)
Hoplomyrmus Gerstäcker, 1859: 262. Type-species: Hoplomyrmus schistaceus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Hoplomyrmus also described as new by Gerstäcker, 1862: 508.]
Hoplomyrmus as junior synonym of Polyrhachis: Roger, 1861b: 174; Roger, 1863b: 6; Mayr, 1863: 446; Dalla Torre, 1893: 257.
Hoplomyrmus as junior synonym of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; Bolton, 1973b: 288.
Pseudocyrtomyrma Emery, 1921e: 18 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis revoili, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocyrtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Emery, 1921e: 18; Emery, 1925b: 206.
Pseudocyrtomyrma as junior synonym of Myrma: Bolton, 1973b: 288.
Anoplomyrma Chapman, 1963: 258 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Anoplomyrma) parabiotica, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anoplomyrma as junior synonym of Myrma: Dorow, 1995: 30.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HEMIOPTICA)
Hemioptica Roger, 1862a: 238. Type-species: Hemioptica scissa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hemioptica in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 769 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae].
Hemioptica in Camponotinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 271.
Hemioptica in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; all subsequent authors except the following.
Hemioptica in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Hemioptica as junior synonym of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1878: 368.
Hemioptica as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
Hemioptica as genus: Roger, 1862a: 238; Mayr, 1862: 769; Mayr, 1865: 6; Dalla Torre, 1893: 271; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Emery, 1925b: 209; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 649; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 255.
Hemioptica as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Mayr, 1872: 138; Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 95; Bolton, 1995b: 31; Dorow, 1995: 29.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HAGIOMYRMA)
Hagiomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica ammon, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hagiomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 184; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HIRTOMYRMA)
Hirtomyrma Kohout, 2010: 199 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis hirta, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hirtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Kohout, 2010: 199.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CAMPOMYRMA)
Campomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911g: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis clypeata (junior synonym of Formica exercita), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Campomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 178; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMOTHRINAX)
Myrmothrinax Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis thrinax, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmothrinax as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 178; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMOTHRINAX)
Evelyna Donisthorpe, 1937c: 273 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Evelyna) cheesmanae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Evelyna as junior synonym of Myrmothrinax: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CYRTOMYRMA)
Cyrtomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica rastellata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cyrtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 207; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMHOPLA)
Myrmhopla Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica armata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmhopla as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 190; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMHOPLA)
Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935a: 115 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Cephalomyrma) stylifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cephalomyrma as junior synonym of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Florencea Donisthorpe, 1937a: 624 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Florencea) kirkae (junior synonym of Polyrhachis nigriceps), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Florencea as junior synonym of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CHARIOMYRMA)
Chariomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis guerini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Chariomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 185; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HEDOMYRMA)
Hedomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis ornata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hedomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 189; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (HEDOMYRMA)
Dolichorhachis Mann, 1919: 386 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Dolichorhachis) malaensis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dolichorhachis as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Mann, 1919: 386; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 188.
Dolichorhachis as junior synonym of Hedomyrma: Dorow, 1995: 26.
Morleyidris Donisthorpe, 1944c: 64 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Morleyidris) trina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Morleyidris as junior synonym of Hedomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMATOPA)
Myrmatopa Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis schang, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmatopa as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 180; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMATOPA)
Irenea Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Irenea) omyrmex, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Irenea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Irenea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502.
Irenea as genus: Donisthorpe, 1941h: 59; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Irenea as junior synonym of Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa): Bolton, 1994: 50; Dorow, 1995: 42.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (AULACOMYRMA)
Aulacomyrma Emery, 1921e: 17 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis porcata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Aulacomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Emery, 1921e: 17; Emery, 1925b: 197; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (AULACOMYRMA)
Johnia Karavaiev, 1927e: 43 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Johnia) schizospina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Johnia as junior synonym of Aulacomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Genus Polyrhachis references
Smith, F. 1858b: 58 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 6 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 422, 443 (Hemioptica, Polyrhachis catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 6 (Polyrhachis, Hemioptica diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 40, 41 (diagnosis, species groups (as "turmae")); Mayr, 1876: 68 (Australia species key); Forel, 1878: 368 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1879: 648 (species groups); André, 1887: 286 (Afrotropical species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 257, 271 (Polyrhachis, Hemioptica catalogues); Forel, 1893c: 17 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Emery, 1896d: 378 (catalogue); Emery, 1897d: 579, 582 (P. relucens & P. guerini groups, keys); Emery, 1898a: 227 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 383 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Santschi, 1910h: 284 (P. rastellata group, key); Viehmeyer, 1914b: 50, 54 (P. rastellata & P. hostilis groups, keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 256, 701, 992 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical catalogue); Arnold, 1924: 741 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1925b: 175 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 178 (P. (Campomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 180 (P. (Myrmatopa) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 181 (P. (Polyrhachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 182 (P. (Myrmothrinax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 184 (P. (Hagiomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 185 (P. (Chariomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 188 (P. (Dolichorhachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 189 (P. (Hedomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 190 (P. (Myrmhopla) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 197 (P. (Aulacomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 198 (P. (Myrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 206 (P. (Pseudocyrtomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 207 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 209 (Hemioptica diagnosis, catalogue); Donisthorpe, 1938c: 246 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) review); Santschi, 1939c: 13 (P. (Pseudocyrtomyrma) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186, 255, 256 (Asia Irenea, Hemioptica, Polyrhachis checklists); Hung, 1962: 24 (Taiwan species key); Hung, 1967b: 395 (review of subgenera); Hung, 1970: 5 (P. (Polyrhachis) species revision, key); Bolton, 1973b: 289 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Bolton, 1975c: 1 (P. sexspinosa group, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 131 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 59 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Kohout, 1987: 169 (Philippines P. sexspinosa group, key); Kohout, 1989: 515 (Australia P. relucens group, key); Kohout, 1990: 500 (P. viehmeyeri group, key); Kohout & Taylor, 1990: 509 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 45 (Japan species key); Wang C. & Wu, 1991: 596 (China species key); Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 96 (P. (Hemioptica) species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 342 (catalogue); Dorow, 1995: 9 (subgenera revision, subgenera key, catalogue); Dorow, 1995: 10-11 (P. (Myrmhopla) species groups, key; P. arachne-, P. cryptoceroides- P. flavoflagellata-, P. furcata- and P. hector species groups, keys); Dorow, 1995: 12 (P. (Aulacomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 13 (P. (Campomoyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 16 (P. (Chariomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 21 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 24 (P. (Hagiomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 26 (P. (Hedomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 28 (P. (Hemioptica) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 30 (P. (Myrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 42 (P. (Myrmatopa) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 45 (P. (Myrmhopla) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 61 (P. (Myrmothrinax) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 63 (P. (Polyrhachis) synopsis); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 159 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 107 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 190 (China, Guangxi species key); Xu, 2002b: 523 (China P. (Cyrtomyrma) species key; Bolton, 2003: 122 (synopsis); Karmaly, 2004: 542 (India species key); Kohout, 2006a: 146 (P. cryptoceroides group, key); Kohout, 2006b: 87 (P. Cyrtomyrma) of Australia, Borneo, New Guinea, Solomon Is, keys); Kohout, 2007a: 189 (P. Aulacomyrma) diagnosis, all species revision, key); Kohout, 2007c: 8 (P. (Campomyrma) Borneo, key); Kohout, 2008a: 255 (Sulawesi species, keys); Kohout, 2008b: 298 (P. vestita group key); Kohout, 2008d: 12 (flavoflagellata group key); Kohout, 2009: 40, 44 (modifications to Kohout 2006b key); Terayama, 2009: 218 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 106 (south-western Australia species key); Kohout, 2010: 169, 171, 200 (Australia subgenera key, Australia P. (Myrmhopla) species key, Australia P. (Hirtomyrma) species key).
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis TRUE TRUE FALSE86 species, 20 subspecies
Cataglyphis Foerster, 1850b: 493. Type-species: Cataglyphis fairmairei (junior synonym of Formica bicolor), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cataglyphis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 44 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae].
Cataglyphis in Camponotinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 250.
Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Cataglyphis in Formicinae, Formicini: Bondroit, 1918: 38; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 261; Agosti, 1994a: 93; Bolton, 1994: 50; all subsequent authors.
Cataglyphis as junior synonym of Myrmecocystus: Forel, 1878: 372; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 449; André, 1882b: 165; Forel, 1886f: 201; Mayr, 1886d: 424; Dalla Torre, 1893: 216; Bingham, 1903: 312; Ruzsky, 1905b: 426; Emery, 1906d: 47; Emery, 1908g: 213; Karavaiev, 1924: 301.
Cataglyphis as subgenus of Myrmecocystus: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Cataglyphis as genus: Foerster, 1850b: 493; Roger, 1863b: 12; Mayr, 1863: 402; Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 78; Emery, 1925b: 261; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of CATAGLYPHIS
Monocombus Mayr, 1855: 381. Type-species: Formica viatica, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Monocombus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 381 [Formicidae].
Monocombus as junior synonym of Myrmecocystus: Forel, 1878: 372; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 449; André, 1882b: 165; Mayr, 1886d: 424; Dalla Torre, 1893: 216.
Monocombus as subgenus of Cataglyphis: Santschi, 1929b: 29.
Monocombus as junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Mayr, 1861: 44; Roger, 1863b: 12; Mayr, 1863: 402; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 944; Emery, 1925b: 261; Agosti, 1990b: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
Paraformica Forel, 1915b: 95 (footnote) [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica (Paraformica) emmae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paraformica in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1917: 250.
Paraformica in Formicinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 260.
Paraformica as subgenus of Formica: Forel, 1915b: 95; Forel, 1917: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699.
Paraformica as genus: Emery, 1925b: 260; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 680.
Paraformica as subgenus of Proformica: Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928a: 7.
Paraformica as subgenus of Cataglyphis: Santschi, 1925g: 353; Santschi, 1929b: 30.
Paraformica as junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Agosti, 1990b: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
Machaeromyrma Forel, 1916: 441 [as subgenus of Cataglyphis]. Type-species: Formica bombycina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Machaeromyrma as subgenus of Cataglyphis: Forel, 1916: 441; Forel, 1917: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 266; Santschi, 1929b: 30; subsequent authors to the following.
Machaeromyrma as junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Baroni Urbani, 1969d: 218; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
Eomonocombus Arnol'di, 1968: 1815 [as subgenus of Cataglyphis]. Type-species: Myrmecocystus cinnamomeus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Eomonocombus as junior synonym of Cataglyphis: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Agosti, 1990b: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103.
Genus Cataglyphis references
Mayr, 1861: 44 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 12 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 402 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 8 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 181 (Europe species key); Forel, 1878: 372 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 166 (Europe & Algeria species key); Nasonov, 1889: 60 (Russia species key); Bingham, 1903: 312 (diagnosis); Ruzsky, 1905b: 426 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1906d: 60 (Palaearctic species (as Myrmecocystus), key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 945 (Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 260 (Paraformica diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 261 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 266 (C. (Machaeromyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1929b: 56 (all species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 86 (Israel species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 108 (Central Europe species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 197, 203 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 280 (diagnosis); Tarbinsky, 1976: 197 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 554 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 92 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 284 (Balkans species key); Collingwood, 1985: 284 (Saudi Arabia species key); Agosti, 1990b: 1457 (review of genus, diagnosis, species groups key, catalogue); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 146 (Turkmenistan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 292 (Bulgaria species key); Agosti, 1994a: 103 (diagnosis, review of genus); Arakelian, 1994: 103 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 135 (catalogue); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 375 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 179 (Central Europe species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 28 (Portugal species key); Radchenko, 1998: 502 (Asia species key); Radchenko, 2001: 885 (phylogeny); Chang & He, 2002b: 62 (northwest China species key); Bolton, 2003: 126 (synopsis); Seifert, 2007: 159 (North and Central Europe species key).
Formicinae Formicini Formica TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 176 species, 24 subspecies
Fossil: 64 species
Formica Linnaeus, 1758: 579. Type-species: Formica rufa, by subsequent designation of Curtis, 1839: 752.
Taxonomic history
Formica in Formicites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 199.
Formica in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 1.
Formica in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 45 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 47 [Formicidae].
Formica in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 373 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 450 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 192.
Formica in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 205.
Formica in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 127; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 120; Forel, 1917: 250.
Formica in Formicinae, Formicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 41; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 241; all subsequent authors except the following.
Formica in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Junior synonyms of FORMICA
Formicina Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172. Type-species: Formica rufa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica flava, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1916a: 61 (footnote); repeated by Emery, 1916b: 239 and Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170.]
Formicina in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1917: 249.
Formicina as genus: Emery, 1916a: 61; Emery, 1916b: 239; Forel, 1917: 249; Bondroit, 1918: 19.
Formicina as subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172.
Formicina as junior synonym of Lasius: Emery, 1925b: 226; Brown, 1973b: 180.
Formicina as junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209.
Formicina as junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646; Agosti, 1994a: 106; Bolton, 1994: 50. [Formica and Formicina share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Neoformica Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica pallidefulva, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Neoformica also described as new by Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 548.]
Neoformica as subgenus of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82; Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 388 (in key); Forel, 1917: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 700; Emery, 1925b: 244; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 673; Creighton, 1950a: 543.
Neoformica as junior synonym of Formica: Buren, 1968a: 39; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Raptiformica Forel, 1913i: 361 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica sanguinea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Raptiformica as subgenus of Formica: Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1925b: 258; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723; Creighton, 1950a: 460.
Raptiformica as junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote); Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Serviformica Forel, 1913i: 361 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica fusca, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Serviformica as subgenus of Formica: Forel, 1913i: 361; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1925b: 245; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 725.
Serviformica as junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote); Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Francoeur, 1973: 34; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 106.
Coptoformica Müller, 1923: 146 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica exsecta, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1941f: 37.
Taxonomic history
Coptoformica as junior synonym of Formica: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Adformica Lomnicki, 1925a: 164 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica exsecta, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1927b: 316.
Taxonomic history
Adformica as junior synonym of Coptoformica: Stitz, 1939: 306; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620 [Adformica and Coptoformica share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Iberoformica Tinaut, 1990a: 282 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica subrufa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Iberoformica as junior synonym of Formica: Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Genus Formica references
Mayr, 1855: 300 (diagnosis, Austria species key); Smith, F. 1858b: 1 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 46 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 12 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 410 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 8 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 182 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 51 (Switzerland species key); Forel, 1878: 373 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 176 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 255 (U.S.A. catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 232 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 61 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 192 (catalogue); Emery, 1893i: 643 (North America species key); Forel, 1894c: 402 (India species key); Bingham, 1903: 334 (India species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 318 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 8 (Luxemburg species key); Emery, 1909b: 180 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 482 (Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 387 (subgenera, species groups, all species keys); Stitz, 1914: 88 (Central Europe species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 244 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 257 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 594 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Bondroit, 1917a: 174 (France F. rufa group, key); Bondroit, 1918: 41 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (subgenera key); Emery, 1925b: 241 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 244 (F. (Neoformica) diagnosis, catalogue; Emery, 1925b: 245 (F. (Serviformica) diagnosis, catalogue; Emery, 1925b: 251 (F. (Formica) diagnosis, catalogue; Emery, 1925b: 258 (F. (Raptiformica) diagnosis, catalogue; Lomnicki, 1925a: 171 (Poland species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926b: 93 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 282 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 284 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 603 (Russia species key); Karavaiev, 1936: 220 (Ukraine species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 321 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 306 (Germany species key); Creighton, 1940a: 1 (North America F. rufa subspecies key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 103 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 103 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 375 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 175 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 200 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 299 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 187 (Belgium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 456 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 197 (Asia checklist); Yarrow, 1954a: 229 (Britain F. fusca group); Yarrow, 1955a: 29 (Britain F. rufa group, key); Wilson & Brown, 1955: 108 (F. sanguinea & F. neogagates groups, synopsis); Boven, 1959: 12 (Netherlands species key); Betrem, 1960b: 75 (F. rufa group, key); Gregg, 1963: 498 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 205 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Cotti, 1963: 1 (F. rufa group, bibliography 1930-61); Dlussky, 1964: 1026 (former U.S.S.R. F. (Coptoformica) species key); Collingwood, 1964: 109 (Britain species key); Brown, 1965d: 181 (F. integra subgroup); Dlussky, 1965a: 15 (Mongolia and Tibet species key); Dlussky, 1967a: 39 (Palaearctic species key); Dlussky, 1967b: 80 (†Baltic Amber species key); Bernard, 1967: 285 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Buren, 1968a: 36 (Nearctic F. sanguinea group species key); Boven, 1970b: 34 (Netherlands species key); Dlussky & Pisarski, 1971: 145 (Poland species key); Francoeur, 1973: 272 (Nearctic F. fusca group, revision, key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 6 (Britain species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 177 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 236 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 552 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 93 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 112 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448 (North America catalogue); Douwes, 1979: 187 (F. rufa group systematics); Kupyanskaya, 1980: 95 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Allred, 1982: 446 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Kupyanskaya, 1984: 103 (Far Eastern Russia F. truncorum complex, key); Snelling & Buren, 1985: 71 (Nearctic F. sanguinea group, key); Gösswald, 1985: 274 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 76 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 74 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 285 (Balkans species key); Gösswald, 1989: 49 (F. rufa group taxonomy); Agosti & Bolton, 1990b: 149 (characters); Wu, J. 1990: 4 (China species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 138 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 174 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 31 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 255 (Bulgaria species key); Agosti, 1994a: 106 (diagnosis, review of genus); Radchenko, 1994b: 112 (South Siberia species key); Arakelian, 1994: 89 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 190 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 94 (Sweden species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 353 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 138 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 201 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 41 (Britain species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 25 (Portugal species key); Tinaut, A. & Martínez-Ibánez, 1998: 36 (Iberian Peninsula F. rufa, F. sanguinea & F. exsecta groups, key); Seifert, 2000a: 563 (Palaearctic F. (Coptoformica) species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 148 (Poland species key); Chang & He, 2002a: 51 (northwest China species key); Seifert, 2002b: 267 (F. cinerea group revision key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 277 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Bolton, 2003: 127 (synopsis); Radchenko, 2005b: 188 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 176 (North and Central Europe species key); Trager, MacGown & Trager, 2007: 627 (F. pallidefulva group key); Dlussky, 2008a: 57 (Europe Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 224 (Taiwan species key); Seifert & Schultz, 2009: 258 (F. rufibarbis group key).
Formicinae Formicini Proformica TRUE TRUE FALSE25 species, 2 subspecies
Proformica Ruzsky, 1902d: 13 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica nasuta, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Proformica also described as new by Ruzsky, 1903bb: 303.]
Proformica in Formicinae, Lasiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Proformica in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1917: 250.
Proformica in Formicinae, Formicini: Bondroit, 1918: 40; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 242; all subsequent authors except the following.
Proformica in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Proformica as subgenus of Formica: Ruzsky, 1902d: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1917: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 242; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 687; Creighton, 1950a: 457.
Proformica as genus: Bondroit, 1918: 40; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927b: 26; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928a: 7; subsequent authors except the above.
Genus Proformica references
Emery, 1925b: 242 (Formica (Proformica) diagnosis, catalogue); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927b: 28 (Turkestan species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928a: 7 (central Asia species key); Bernard, 1967: 282 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Dlussky, 1969a: 231 (Russia and contiguous countries, key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 165 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Collingwood, 1978: 92 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 287 (Balkans species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 287 (Bulgaria species key); Agosti, 1994a: 112 (diagnosis, review of genus); Radchenko, 1994b: 115 (South Siberia species key); Arakelian, 1994: 109 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 368 (catalogue); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 27 (Portugal species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 148 (China species key); Bolton, 2003: 130 (synopsis); Dubovikov, 2005b: 190 (Caucasian Isthmus species key).
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 89 species, 19 subspecies
Fossil: 7 species
Tetraponera Smith, F. 1852: 44. Type-species: Tetraponera atrata (junior synonym of Eciton nigrum), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 173.
Taxonomic history
Tetraponera in Formicidae, Poneridae: Smith, F. 1857a: 70.
Tetraponera in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1877b: 68.
Tetraponera in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 24.
Tetraponera in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 654; subsequent authors to the following.
Tetraponera in Pseudomyrmecinae: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17; all subsequent authors.
Tetraponera as junior synonym of Pseudomyrma: Roger, 1863b: 24; Mayr, 1863: 451.
Tetraponera as junior synonym of Sima: Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Bingham, 1903: 107; Emery, 1917a: 95.
Tetraponera as subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1900d: 673; Emery, 1915b: 266; Arnold, 1916: 180; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 24.
Tetraponera as genus: Smith, F. 1852: 44; Smith, F. 1857a: 70; Smith, F. 1877b: 68; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 654; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17; Ward, 1990: 470; Bolton, 1994: 184.
Junior synonyms of TETRAPONERA
Sima Roger, 1863a: 178. Type-species: Sima compressa (junior synonym of Pseudomyrma allaborans), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Eciton rufonigrum, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1915b: 266, repeated in Emery, 1917a: 95 and Emery, 1921f: 22.]
Sima in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 328.
Sima in Myrmicidae, Myrmeciidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Sima in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 25 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1866b: 906 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53.
Sima in Myrmicidae, Pseudomyrminae: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Sima in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 768; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 40; Arnold, 1916: 173; Emery, 1921f: 21.
Sima as genus: Roger, 1863a: 178; Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1868c: 100; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Emery, 1900d: 672; Bingham, 1903: 107; Emery, 1914a: 40; Emery, 1915b: 266; Arnold, 1916: 173; Emery, 1917a: 95; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 21.
Sima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Smith, F. 1877b: 68; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 47; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 105; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726; Ward, 1990: 470.
Pachysima Emery, 1912b: 97 [as subgenus of Sima]. Type-species: Tetraponera aethiops, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pachysima in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 22.
Pachysima in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112, 654.
Pachysima as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 308 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112, 654.
Pachysima as subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1912b: 97; Arnold, 1916: 174; Emery, 1921f: 22.
Pachysima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Ward, 1990: 470.
Viticicola Wheeler, W.M. 1919i: 130 (in text). Type-species: Sima tessmanni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Viticicola also as new in Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53.]
Viticicola in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 107, 654.
Viticicola as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Ward, 1990: 470.
[Viticola Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Parasima Donisthorpe, 1948d: 592 [as subgenus of Tetraponera]. [Unnecessary replacement name for Sima in the sense of Emery, 1921f: 23.]
Taxonomic history
Parasima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Ward, 1990: 470.
Genus Tetraponera references
Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 25 (Sima diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (Sima diagnosis); Mayr, 1868c: 101 (†Baltic Amber species key); Smith, F. 1877b: 68 (checklist); Dalla Torre, 1893: 53 (catalogue); Emery, 1900d: 17 (Asia & Australia species key); Forel, 1903a: 708 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 107 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1916: 173 (Sima diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1921f: 21 (Sima diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 22 (S. (Pachysima) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 24 (S. (Tetraponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112 (Pachysima species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 104, 107, 112 (Tetraponera, Viticicola, Pachysima diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 795, 801 (Afrotropical Tetraponera, Viticicola, Pachysima catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1014 (Malagasy catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 79 (Australia checklist); Wu, J. & Wang, 1990: 516 (China species key); Dlussky & Radchenko, 1990: 120 (Vietnam species key); Ward, 1990: 470 (diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 184 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 416 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 55 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 312 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 208 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 64 (China, Guangxi species key); Ward, 2001: 596 (Oriental & Australian, all species, revision, key); Xu & Chai, 2004: 64 (China species key); Ward, 2006: 120 (Afrotropical species groups key); Ward, 2006: 123 (T. ambigua group, key); Ward, 2009: 288 (T. grandidieri group, key); Dlussky, 2009: 1084 (Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 128 (Taiwan species key).
Cerapachyinae Acanthostichini Acanthostichus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 22 species
Fossil: 1 species
Acanthostichus Mayr, 1887: 549. Type-species: Typhlopone serratula, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Acanthostichus in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 16.
Acanthostichus in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 116; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136 [subtribe Acanthostichini].
Acanthostichus in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765 [Cerapachyi].
Acanthostichus in Dorylinae, Acanthostichini: Emery, 1901a: 34.
Acanthostichus in Dorylidae, Acanthostichinae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Ashmead, 1906: 29.
Acanthostichus in Ponerinae, Acanthostichini: Emery, 1911d: 12; Forel, 1917: 239; Gallardo, 1918b: 7; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 619; Brown, 1975: 41; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Acanthostichus in Cerapachyinae, Acanthostichini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 184; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 640; Kempf, 1972a: 10; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Jaffe, 1993: 9; Bolton, 1994: 19; Bolton, 2003: 137.
Junior synonym of ACANTHOSTICHUS
Ctenopyga Ashmead, 1906: 29. Type-species: Ctenopyga townsendi (junior synonym of Acanthostichus texanus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Ctenopyga Ashmead, 1905b: 382 nomen nudum]
Ctenopyga in Dorylidae, Acanthostichinae: Ashmead, 1906: 29.
Ctenopyga in Ponerinae, Acanthostichini: Brown, 1975: 42; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Ctenopyga in Cerapachyinae, Acanthostichini: Bolton, 1990a: 67.
Ctenopyga as subgenus of Acanthostichus: Emery, 1911d: 13; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 640; Creighton, 1950a: 58.
Ctenopyga as genus: Ashmead, 1906: 29; Brown, 1975: 42; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1333; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357.
Ctenopyga as junior synonym of Acanthostichus: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Bolton, 1994: 19; Mackay, 1996: 132; Bolton, 2003: 138.
Genus Acanthostichus references: see above.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys TRUE TRUE FALSE146 species
Cerapachys Smith, F. 1857a: 74. Type-species: Cerapachys antennatus, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 28.
Taxonomic history
Cerapachys in Myrmicinae: Smith, F. 1857a: 74 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 47 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 329 [Myrmicidae].
Cerapachys in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Cerapachys in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Cerapachys in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162 (also misspelled Orapachys, same page); Forel, 1900d: 331; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 8; Arnold, 1915: 11; Forel, 1917: 239; Brown, 1975: 18; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Cerapachys in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17; Kempf, 1972a: 76; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Jaffe, 1993: 9; Bolton, 1994: 19; Bolton, 2003: 34.
Junior synonyms of CERAPACHYS
Syscia Roger, 1861a: 19. Type-species: Syscia typhla, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Syscia in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Syscia in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Syscia in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1900d: 329; Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Syscia as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 31.
Syscia as subgenus of Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 730.
Syscia as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76; Brown, 1975: 18; all subsequent authors.
Ooceraea Roger, 1862a: 248. Type-species: Ooceraea fragosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ooceraea in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 24 [Myrmicidae].
Ooceraea in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Ooceraea in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1871a: 324.
Ooceraea in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Ooceraea in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162.
Ooceraea in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Ooceraea in Ecitoninae, Ecitonini: Ashmead, 1905b: 381; Ashmead, 1906: 25.
Ooceraea as genus: Roger, 1862a: 248; Smith, F. 1871a: 324; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 31.
Ooceraea as subgenus of Cerapachys: Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 678.
Ooceraea as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Lioponera Mayr, 1879: 666. Type-species: Lioponera longitarsus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lioponera in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Lioponera in Pachycondylinae, Lioponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Lioponera in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1900d: 329; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 11; Forel, 1917: 239.
Lioponera in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Lioponera in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 657.
Lioponera as subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 1892l: 244.
Lioponera as genus: Mayr, 1879: 666; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 26; Emery, 1911d: 11; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 657.
Lioponera as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Parasyscia Emery, in André, 1882c: 235. Type-species: Parasyscia piochardi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Parasyscia in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Parasyscia in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Parasyscia in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162 [Cerapachysii]; Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Parasyscia as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Parasyscia as subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 1892l: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 9; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 681; Creighton, 1950a: 57.
Parasyscia as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76; Brown, 1975: 18; all subsequent authors.
Phyracaces Emery, 1902c: 23. Type-species: Cerapachys mayri, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Phyracaces in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Arnold, 1915: 17; Forel, 1917: 239.
Phyracaces in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 683.
Phyracaces as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Cysias Emery, 1902c: 24 [as subgenus of Cerapachys]. Type-species: Ooceraea papuana, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cysias in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Cysias as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Cysias as subgenus of Cerapachys: Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 637.
Cysias as junior synonym of Syscia: Emery, 1911d: 10; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Ceratopachys Schulz, W.A. 1906: 155, unjustified emendation of Cerapachys.
Taxonomic history
Ceratopachys as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 755.
Chrysapace Crawley, 1924: 380. Type-species: Chrysapace jacobsoni (junior secondary homonym in Cerapachys, replaced by Cerapachys crawleyi), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Chrysapace in Ponerinae: Crawley, 1924: 380.
Chrysapace in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633.
Chrysapace as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Neophyracaces Clark, 1941: 76. Type-species: Phyracaces clarus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neophyracaces in Cerapachyinae: Clark, 1941: 76.
Neophyracaces as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Yunodorylus Xu, 2000b: 297. Type-species: Yunodorylus sexspinus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Yunodorylus in Dorylinae: Xu, 2000b: 297.
Yunodorylus in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Bolton, 2003: 141, 268.
Yunodorylus as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Bolton, 2003: 141, 268; Borowiec, 2009: 57.
Genus Cerapachys references
Roger, 1863b: 21, 25 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 403, 439, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 15, 24 (Syscia, Ooceraea diagnoses); André, 1882c: 236 (Europe & Algeria species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 17 (Lioponera, Cerapachys, Parasyscia, Ooceraea, Syscia catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 331 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 27, 28 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Lioponera, Cerapachys species keys); Emery, 1911d: 8 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 9 (C. (Parasyscia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 10 (C. (Ooceraea) & C. (Syscia) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 10 (Phyracaces diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 11 (Lioponera diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 11 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 239 (Australia Phyracaces species key); Mann, 1921: 408 (Fiji species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 52, 53, 639 (Cerapachys & Phyracaces diagnoses, subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1924d: 224 (Chrysapace, comments); Arnold, 1926: 193 (South Africa species, revised key); Donisthorpe, 1939a: 253 (Lioponera diagnosis); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17, 21, 22 (Asia Cerapachys, Lioponera, Phyracaces checklists); Wilson, 1959b: 44, 52, 55, 56 (Melanesia, Fiji Is, New Guinea & New Caledonia species keys); Kempf, 1972a: 76 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1975: 18, 26 (diagnosis, keys); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1333 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 16 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Terayama, Kubota, Sakai & Kawazoe, 1988: 35 (Taiwan species key); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1989: 30 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 142 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 47 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 312 (Saudi Arabia species key); Terayama, 1996: 18 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 60 (Australia synopsis); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 36 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Borowiec, 2009: 46 (C. sexspinus group key); Terayama, 2009: 122 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 126 (south-western Australia species key).
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 137 species
Fossil: 6 species
Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863a: 174. Type-species: Ponera tornata, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1911d: 44.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Ectatomma concinna, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164; see Emery, 1912d: 271 and Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.]
Gnamptogenys in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae].
Gnamptogenys in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Gnamptogenys in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 44; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; all subsequent authors to the following.
Gnamptogenys in Ectatomminae, Ectatommini: Bolton, 2003: 46.
Gnamptogenys as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 540; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1895b: 113; Forel, 1899c: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 44; Gallardo, 1918b: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 644; Borgmeier, 1923: 60; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Gnamptogenys as genus: Roger, 1863a: 174; Forel, 1917: 236; Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of GNAMPTOGENYS
Stictoponera Mayr, 1887: 539 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ponera coxalis, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 82.
Taxonomic history
Stictoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Stictoponera in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 47; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728.
Stictoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 539; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 316; Bingham, 1903: 82; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Stictoponera as genus: Emery, 1911d: 47; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728.
Stictoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Holcoponera Mayr, 1887: 540 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Gnamptogenys striatula, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1911d: 40.
Taxonomic history
Holcoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Holcoponera in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 40; Forel, 1917: 236; Gallardo, 1918b: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; all subsequent authors.
Holcoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 540; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Holcoponera as genus: Emery, 1902a: 181; Emery, 1911d: 40; Forel, 1917: 236; Gallardo, 1918b: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Borgmeier, 1923: 55; Santschi, 1929h: 437; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Holcoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Alfaria Emery, 1896e: 177 (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Alfaria simulans, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Alfaria also described as new by Emery, 1896g: 41.]
Alfaria in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1899c: 3.
Alfaria in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Alfaria in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 46; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; all subsequent authors.
Alfaria as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Poneracantha Emery, 1897d: 547 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Holcoponera) bispinosum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Poneracantha as subgenus of Ectatomma: Emery, 1911d: 43; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643.
Poneracantha as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Rhopalopone Emery, 1897d: 549. Type-species: Rhopalopone epinotalis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Rhopalopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Rhopalopone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1911d: 34 [subtribe Typhlomyrmecini]; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; all subsequent authors.
Rhopalopone as genus: Emery, 1911d: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Borgmeier, 1923: 54.
Rhopalopone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Emeryella Forel, 1901e: 334. Type-species: Emeryella schmitti, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Emeryella in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Emeryella in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 46; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 13; all subsequent authors.
Emeryella as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Mictoponera Forel, 1901e: 372 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Mictoponera) diehlii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Mictoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Forel, 1901e: 372; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Mictoponera as junior synonym of Rhopalopone: Emery, 1911d: 34.
Mictoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Parectatomma Emery, 1911d: 44 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma triangulare, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parectatomma as subgenus of Ectatomma: Emery, 1911d: 44; Creighton, 1950a: 35; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Parectatomma as subgenus of Gnamptogenys: Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643.
Parectatomma as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Spaniopone Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 11. Type-species: Spaniopone haytiana, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Spaniopone in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1916i: 36; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727.
Spaniopone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1919c: 107.
Spaniopone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Wheeleripone Mann, 1919: 282. Type-species: Wheeleripone albiclava, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Wheeleripone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736.
Wheeleripone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Opisthoscyphus Mann, 1922: 4. Type-species: Opisthoscyphus scabrosus (junior synonym of Alfaria minuta), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Opisthoscyphus in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 13; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 678.
Opisthoscyphus as junior synonym of Alfaria: Brown, in Borgmeier, 1957: 115.
Opisthoscyphus as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Commateta Santschi, 1929h: 476 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Parectatomma) bruchi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Commateta as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Tammoteca Santschi, 1929h: 476 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma concinnum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Tammoteca as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Barbourella Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 10 [as subgenus of Emeryella]. Type-species: Emeryella (Barbourella) banksi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Barbourella as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Genus Gnamptogenys references
Roger, 1863b: 19 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 422 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 15 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 963 (all species key); Mayr, 1887: 540 (diagnosis); Emery, 1889b: 494 (Ectatomma (Stictoponera) species key); Emery, 1896g: 43, 44 (G. (Holcoponera), G. (Gnamptogenys) species keys; Forel, 1900d: 316 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 82 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 34 (Rhopalopone diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 40 (Holcoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 43 (Ectatomma (Poneracantha) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 44 (Ectatomma (Parectatomma) & E. (Gnamptogenys) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 46 (Emeryella diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 46 (Alfaria diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 47 (Stictoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Gallardo, 1918b: 22, 42 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1919: 286 (Wheeleripone species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 240 (Rhopalopone species key); Santschi, 1929h: 471 (Holcoponera species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 26, 29 (Asia Rhopalopone, Stictoponera checklists); Brown, 1954h: 1 (G. coxalis group species); Brown, 1956: 489 (Holcoponera species notes); Brown, 1958g: 211 (revision of genus, all species keys); Brown, 1958g: 230 (New World species revision, key); Brown, 1958g: 237 (Old World species revision, key); Kempf, 1972a: 111 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1337 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 30 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 28 (Australia checklist); Brandão & Lattke, 1990: 489 (Alfaria group, status); Lattke, 1990b: 22 (Venezuela species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 344 (Neotropical catalogue); Lattke, 1992a: 123 (G. minuta group, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 208 (catalogue); Lattke, 1995: 149 (New World species revision, key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 36 (China species key); Xu & Zhang, 1996: 56 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 185 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 31 (China, Guangxi species key); Lattke, 2004: 51 (Old World species revision, key); Lattke, Fernández & Palacio, 2007: 257 (New World species key); Lattke, Fernández, et al. 2008: 68 (Colombia species key).
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 344 species
Fossil: 4 species
Pyramica Roger, 1862a: 251. Type-species: Pyramica gundlachi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pyramica in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Emery, 1924d: 320; all subsequent authors.
Pyramica as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Bingham, 1903: 147; Emery, 1924d: 320; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723; Brown & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, 1960b: 37; Kempf, 1972a: 242; Bolton, 1983: 358; Bolton, 1994: 105; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Pyramica as subgenus of Strumigenys: Brown, 1948e: 110.
Pyramica as genus: Mayr, 1863: 453; Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90; Eguchi, Bui & Yamane, 2011: 26.
Junior synonyms of PYRAMICA
Epitritus Emery, 1869a: 136. Type-species: Epitritus argiolus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Epitritus in Myrmicidae, Cryptoceridae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Epitritus in Myrmicinae: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 465 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 148.
Epitritus in Cryptoceridae, Dacetonini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Epitritus in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1892d: 344; Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Arnold, 1917: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 666; Emery, 1924d: 326; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643; Brown, 1948e: 122; Brown, 1949b: 44; all subsequent authors.
Epitritus as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Epitritus as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90.
Trichoscapa Emery, 1869b: 24 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Trichoscapa) membranifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Trichoscapa in Myrmicinae: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145.
Trichoscapa in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 323; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734; Brown, 1948e: 112; all subsequent authors.
Trichoscapa as subgenus of Strumigenys: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Forel, 1917: 246; Creighton, 1950a: 304.
Trichoscapa as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 13; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Trichoscapa as junior synonym of Cephaloxys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 323; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734.
Trichoscapa as genus: Brown, 1948e: 112; Kempf, 1972a: 255; Bolton, 1983: 319.
Trichoscapa as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90.
Pentastruma Forel, 1912a: 50. Type-species: Pentastruma sauteri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pentastruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 666; Emery, 1924d: 326; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 682; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Pentastruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Pentastruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Glamyromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 487. Type-species: Glamyromyrmex beebei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Glamyromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 491; Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 667; Emery, 1924d: 326; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 647; Brown, 1948e: 116; all subsequent authors.
Glamyromyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Glamyromyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Codiomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 326. Type-species: Codiomyrmex thaxteri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Codiomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 667; Emery, 1924d: 325; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633; Brown, 1948e: 114; all subsequent authors.
Codiomyrmex as subgenus of Strumigenys: Emery, 1924d: 325; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633.
Codiomyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 326; Brown, 1948e: 114.
Codiomyrmex as junior synonym of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Codiomyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Codiomyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Tingimyrmex Mann, 1926: 104 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Tingimyrmex) mirabilis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tingimyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 732; Brown, 1948e: 111; all subsequent authors.
Tingimyrmex as subgenus of Strumigenys: Mann, 1926: 104; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 732.
Tingimyrmex as genus: Brown, 1948e: 111; Kempf, 1972a: 250.
Tingimyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Tingimyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Codioxenus Santschi, 1931c: 278 [as subgenus of Epitritus]. Type-species: Epitritus (Codioxenus) simulans, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Codioxenus in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633; Brown, 1948e: 123; all subsequent authors.
Codioxenus as genus: Brown, 1948e: 123.
Codioxenus as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
Codioxenus as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Smithistruma Brown, 1948e: 104.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1865: 76; junior homonym of Cephaloxys Signoret, 1847: 294 (Hemiptera). Type-species not Strumigenys pulchella, unjustified subsequent designation by Brown, 1948e: 104, repeated in Kempf, 1972a: 230, Bolton, 1983: 274 and Bolton, 1995b: 46.]
Smithistruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 104.
Smithistruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Smithistruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Homonym replaced by Smithistruma
Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1865: 76. Type-species: Cephaloxys capitata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Cephaloxys Smith, F. junior homonym of Cephaloxys Signoret, 1847: 294 (Hemiptera).]
Cephaloxys in Cryptoceridae: Smith, F. 1871a: 335.
Cephaloxys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668.
Cephaloxys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Dalla Torre, 1893: 15.
Cephaloxys as subgenus of Strumigenys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 323; Bernard, 1953b: 254 (anachronism).
Weberistruma Brown, 1948e: 106 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) leptothrix, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Weberistruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 106.
Weberistruma as genus: Brown, 1949d: 7; Brown, 1953g: 24.
Weberistruma as junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
Weberistruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Weberistruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Wessonistruma Brown, 1948e: 106 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys pergandei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Wessonistruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 106.
Wessonistruma junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
Wessonistruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Wessonistruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Serrastruma Brown, 1948e: 107 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys simoni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Serrastruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 107, and all subsequent authors.
Serrastruma as genus: Brown, 1949d: 6; Brown, 1952e: 70; Bolton, 1983: 335; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Serrastruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Serrastruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Neostruma Brown, 1948e: 111. Type-species: Strumigenys crassicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neostruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 111; all subsequent authors.
Neostruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Neostruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Dorisidris Brown, 1948e: 116. Type-species: Strumigenys (Codiomyrmex) nitens, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dorisidris in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 116; all subsequent authors.
Dorisidris as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Dorisidris as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Miccostruma Brown, 1948e: 123. Type-species: Epitritus mandibularis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Miccostruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 123.
Miccostruma as junior synonym of Smithistruma: Bolton, 1983: 274.
Miccostruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Miccostruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
Kyidris Brown, 1949d: 3. Type-species: Kyidris mutica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Kyidris in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1949d: 3.
Kyidris as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Kyidris as junior synonymof Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Chelystruma Brown, 1950a: 33 [as subgenus of Glamyromyrmex]. Type-species: Glamyromyrmex (Chelystruma) lilloana, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Chelystruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1950a: 33; all subsequent authors.
Chelystruma as subgenus of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1953g: 16.
Chelystruma as genus: Kempf, 1959d: 338; Kempf, 1972a: 77.
Chelystruma as junior synonym of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Chelystruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Chelystruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Polyhomoa Azuma, 1950: 36. Type-species: Polyhomoa itoi (junior synonym of Kyidris mutica), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Polyhomoa as junior synonym of Kyidris: Creighton, 1950b: 93; Brown & Yasumatsu, 1951: 93.
Polyhomoa as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Polyhomoa as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Borgmeierita Brown, 1953g: 23. Type-species: Codiomyrmex excisus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Borgmeierita in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1953g: 23.
Borgmeierita as junior synonym of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1973a: 35.
Borgmeierita as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Borgmeierita as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Platystruma Brown, 1953g: 112 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) depressiceps, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Platystruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1953g: 112; all subsequent authors.
Platystruma as junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
Platystruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Platystruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Gymnomyrmex Borgmeier, 1954b: 279. Type-species: Gymnomyrmex splendens, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Gymnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Borgmeier, 1954b: 279; all subsequent authors.
Gymnomyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Gymnomyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Dysedrognathus Taylor, 1968d: 132. Type-species: Dysedrognathus extemenus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dysedrognathus in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Taylor, 1968d: 132.
Dysedrognathus as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 13; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Dysedrognathus as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Asketogenys Brown, 1972: 23. Type-species: Asketogenys acubecca, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Asketogenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1972: 23.
Asketogenys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Asketogenys as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Cladarogenys Brown, 1976b: 33. Type-species: Cladarogenys lasia, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cladarogenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1976b: 33.
Cladarogenys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
Cladarogenys as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
Genus Pyramica references
Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); André, 1883b: 398, 402 (Europe & Algeria Strumigenys (Trichoscapa), Epitritus species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 145, 148 (Strumigenys, Epitritus catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 325 (North America species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 146 (New World species key); Santschi, 1913b: 257 (Afrotropical species key); Emery, 1916b: 205 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1917: 373 (South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 918, 920 (Afrotropical Strumigenys (Cephaloxys), Epitritus catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 323, 325, 326 (Strumigenys (Cephaloxys), Strumigenys (Codiomyrmex), Glamyromyrmex, Pentastruma, Epitritus diagnoses, catalogues); Smith, M.R. 1931c: 691 (North America Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) species key); Buren, 1944a: 290 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Brown, 1948e: 112 - 124 (minor genera reviews); Brown, 1949b: 43 (Epitritus diagnosis, review); Brown, 1949d: 8 (Weberistruma species, review); Brown, 1949d: 21 (Japan, China & Taiwan species key); Creighton, 1950a: 301 (North America Strumigenys (Trichoscapa) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104, 105, 106 (Asia Epitritus, Kyidris, Pentastruma, Smithistruma, Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) checklists); Brown, 1950a: 27 (Glamyromyrmex review); Brown, 1952e: 86 (Serrastruma diagnosis, species revision, key); Brown, 1953g: 20, 24 (Codiomyrmex, Weberistruma reviews); Brown, 1953g: 31, 46, 92, 114, 125, 130 (Smithistruma diagnosis, Nearctic, Neotropical, Malesian, Afrotropical, Palaearctic species revisions, keys); Wilson & Brown, 1956b: 439 (Kyidris species review); Brown, 1959b: 1 (Neostruma species review); Kempf, 1959d: 339 (Gymnomyrmex species key); Brown, 1960b: 37 (Strumigenys gundlachi group revision, key); Kempf, 1960f: 447 (Neotropical Glamyromyrmex species key); Kempf, 1960f: 451 (Gymnomyrmex species key); Brown, 1962b: 79 (Epitritus species key); Brown, 1964a: 183 (supplement to 1953e Smithistruma revision); Bernard, 1967: 243, 245 (Smithistruma, Epitritus diagnoses); Kempf, 1972a: 37, 77, 98, 110, 116, 163, 230, 250, 255 (Neotropical Borgmeierita, Chelystruma, Codiomyrmex, Codioxenus, Dorisidris, Glamyromyrmex, Gymnomyrmex, Neostruma, Smithistruma, Tingimyrmex, Trichoscapa catalogues); Bolton, 1972: 208 (Epitritus species key); Alayo, 1974: 19 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1405, 1408 (North America Smithistruma, Trichoscapa catalogues); Taylor, 1987a: 28 (Australia checklist); Brown & Boisvert, 1979: 201 (Pentastruma species review); Bolton, 1983: 274, 319, 320, 335, 353, 354 (Afrotropical Smithistruma, Trichoscapa, Glamyromyrmex, Serrastruma, Cladarogenys, Epitritus species revisions, keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 64 (Australia Glamyromyrmex catalogue); Perrault, 1986a: 3 (Gymnomyrmex species key); Ward, 1988: 122 (Western Nearctic Smithistruma species key); Terayama & Kubota, 1989: 787 (Taiwan Smithistruma species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 344, 346, 360, 378 (Neotropical catalogue); Arakelian & Dlussky, 1991: 150 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 68 (Japan Smithistruma species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 76 (Japan Epitritus species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 - 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 75, 145, 146, 177, 183, 188, 207, 211, 219, 292, 316, 382, 383, 420, 421 (catalogue); Terayama, Lin & Wu, 1996: 328 (Taiwan Smithistruma species key); Ogata & Onoyama, 1998: 277 (Japan Smithistruma species key); Shattuck, 1999: 136, 170 (Australia Glamyromyrmex, Trichoscapa synopses); Bolton, 1999: 1657, 1667 (morphology, diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Xu, 2000e: 297 (China Epitritus species key); Bolton, 2000: 95, 137, 272, 285, 342, 372, 472 (Nearctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical, West Palaearctic, Malagasy, Malesian-Oriental-East Palaearctic, Austral species revisions, keys); Xu & Zhou, 2004: 441 (China species, key); Longino, 2006b: 139 (Costa Rica species, additions to key); Terayama, 2009: 138 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 487 species
Fossil:
Strumigenys Smith, F. 1860c: 72. Type-species: Strumigenys mandibularis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Strumigenys in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 334; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Strumigenys in Myrmicidae, Cryptoceridae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Strumigenys in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 26 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145.
Strumigenys in Cryptoceridae, Dacetini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Strumigenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1892d: 344; Forel, 1893a: 164; Forel, 1895b: 133; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1899c: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Arnold, 1917: 372; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 319; Brown, 1948e: 108; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of STRUMIGENYS
Labidogenys Roger, 1862a: 249. Type-species: Labidogenys lyroessa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Labidogenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 654; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Labidogenys as genus: Roger, 1862a: 249; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Labidogenys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Bingham, 1903: 147; Emery, 1924d: 320; Brown & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, 1960b: 38; Bolton, 1983: 358; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Proscopomyrmex Patrizi, 1946: 294. Type-species: Proscopomyrmex londianensis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Proscopomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Patrizi, 1946: 294 [Dacetonini].
Proscopomyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, 1949d: 15; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Eneria Donisthorpe, 1948d: 598. Type-species: Eneria excisa (junior synonym of Strumigenys loriae), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Eneria as genus: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104 (anachronism).
Eneria as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, 1949d: 15; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Quadristruma Brown, 1949b: 47. Type-species: Epitritus emmae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Quadristruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1949b: 47; all subsequent authors.
Quadristruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Genus Strumigenys references
Roger, 1863b: 40 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 26 (diagnosis); Forel, 1886a: 216 (all species key); Mayr, 1887: 568 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 145 (catalogue); Emery, 1895c: 325 (North America species key); Emery, 1897c: 574 (New Guinea species key); Forel, 1903a: 707 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 147 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 146 (New World species key); Santschi, 1913b: 257 (Afrotropical species key); Arnold, 1917: 373 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Mann, 1921: 467 (Fiji Is species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 917, 1034 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 319 (diagnosis, catalogue); Brown, 1948e: 108 (diagnosis, review of genus); Brown, 1949d: 21 (Japan, China & Taiwan species key); Creighton, 1950a: 301 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104, 107 (Asia Eneria, Strumigenys (Strumigenys) checklists); Brown, 1954k: 10 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Brown, 1958h: 38 (New Zealand species); Brown, 1962c: 238 (Neotropical species synopsis, key); Kempf, 1972a: 226, 243 (Neotropical Quadristruma, Strumigenys catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 19 (Cuba species key); Kempf, 1976b: 43 (additions to Brown, 1962c key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1403, 1409 (North America Strumigenys, Quadristruma catalogues); Bolton, 1983: 358, 400 (Afrotropical Strumigenys, Quadristruma species revisions, keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 85, 87 (Australia Quadristruma, Strumigenys catalogues); Taylor, 1987a: 66, 76 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Terayama & Kubota, 1989: 780 (Taiwan species key); Brandão, 1991: 380 (Neotropical catalogue); Arakelian & Dlussky, 1991: 150 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 63 (Japan species key); Dlussky, 1993: 53 (Fiji Is, Tonga and Samoa species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 377, 395 (catalogue); Gronenberg, 1996: 2021 (mandible morphology); Lin & Wu, 1996: 139 (Taiwan species key); Lattke & Goitía, 1997: 370 (Venezuela species key); Shattuck, 1999: 160, 167 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 1999: 1657, 1673 (morphology, diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Bolton, 2000: 496, 583, 716, 942 (Neotropical-Nearctic, Afrotropical, Malesian-Oriental-East Palaearctic, Austral species revisions, keys); Fisher, 2000: 614 (Malagasy species revision, key); Zhou, 2001b: 78 (China, Guangxi species key); Lin & Wu, 2001: 166 (Taiwan species key); Zhou & Xu, 2003: 737 (China species key); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2007: 676 (Japan species key); Terayama, 2009: 142 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 176 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Stenammini Vollenhovia TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 58 species, 18 subspecies
Fossil: 2 species
Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865: 21. Type-species: Vollenhovia punctatostriata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Vollenhovia in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 21 [Myrmicidae] Dalla Torre, 1893: 61.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 51.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini] Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 163; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; all subsequent authors to the following.
Vollenhovia incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 81.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Metaponini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Vollenhovia in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Bolton, 2003: 59.
Junior synonyms of VOLLENHOVIA
Vollenhovenia Dalla Torre, 1893: 61, unjustified subsequent emendation of Vollenhovia.
Taxonomic history
Vollenhovenia as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Forel, 1893a: 166; Emery, 1922e: 163.
†Propodomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 163 (by indication). Type-species: †Propodomyrma samlandica (junior synonym of †Macromischa beyrichi), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[†Propodomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 413, nomen nudum.]
†Propodomyrma as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 51; Emery, 1922e: 163.
Heteromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Vollenhovia rufiventris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Heteromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 650.
Heteromyrmex as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Ettershank, 1966: 146.
Aratromyrmex Stitz, 1938: 105. Type-species: Aratromyrmex luctuosus, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 625.
Taxonomic history
Aratromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 625.
Aratromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135.
Aratromyrmex as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Baroni Urbani, 1980a: 96.
Dyomorium Donisthorpe, 1947d: 191. Type-species: Dyomorium ireneum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dyomorium in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Donisthorpe, 1947d: 191.
Dyomorium as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Ettershank, 1966: 146.
Dorothea Donisthorpe, 1948c: 65. Type-species: Dorothea novobritainae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dorothea as junior synonym of Vollenhovia: Ettershank, 1966: 146.
Genus Vollenhovia references
Mayr, 1867a: 94 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 61 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 213 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 163 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1026 (Malagasy catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135, 169, 174 (Asia Aratromyrmex, Vollenhovia, Dyomorium checklists); Ettershank, 1966: 146 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 92 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 80 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Taylor, 1991db: 612 (Australia species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 48 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 422 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 106 (China species key); Terayama & Kinomura, 1997: 1 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 171 (Australia synopsis); Terayama, 2009: 147 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 160 species, 13 subspecies
Fossil: 6 species
Carebara Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Carebara lignata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Carebara in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 178.
Carebara in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 23 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 334 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae].
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Myrmicariini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kusnezov, 1964: 61; Kempf, 1972a: 74; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 2003: 61.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 248; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 219; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Junior synonyms of CAREBARA
Oligomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 110. Type-species: Oligomyrmex concinnus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kempf, 1972a: 172; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389; Jaffe, 1993: 10.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 215; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Oligomyrmex as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Aeromyrma Forel, 1891b: 198. Type-species: Aeromyrma nosindambo, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Aeromyrma also described as new by Forel, 1891a: cccvii; no species-rank taxa named.]
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 78.
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 256; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 215; all subsequent authors.
Aeromyrma as genus: Forel, 1891b: 198; Arnold, 1916: 256; Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663, 882.
Aeromyrma as subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Emery, 1915c: 59 (footnote); Emery, 1924d: 215; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620.
Aeromyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Aeromyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Aneleus Emery, 1900c: 327 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-species: Solenopsis similis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 158.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Pheidologeton pygmaeus, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 77; repeated in Emery, 1924d: 214.]
Aneleus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Aneleus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 254; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 213; all subsequent authors.
Aneleus as genus: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 254; Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 213.
Aneleus as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Aneleus as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Erebomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 138. Type-species: Erebomyrma longii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 145; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 46; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 218; all subsequent authors.
Erebomyrma as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 218; Creighton, 1950a: 245; Kusnezov, 1964: 62; Wilson, 1986b: 61; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13.
Erebomyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; Kempf, 1972a: 172; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 298.
Erebomyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Paedalgus Forel, 1911i: 217. Type-species: Paedalgus escherichi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1911i: 218; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 221; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Paedalgus as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Lecanomyrma Forel, 1913k: 56 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-species: Pheidologeton (Lecanomyrma) butteli, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lecanomyrma as subgenus of Pheidologeton: Forel, 1913k: 56; Forel, 1917: 243.
Lecanomyrma as subgenus of Aneleus: Emery, 1924d: 215.
Lecanomyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Lecanomyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Spelaeomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 9. Type-species: Spelaeomyrmex urichi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Spelaeomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologitonini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 11; Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59.
Spelaeomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Spelaeomyrmex as junior synonym of Erebomyrma: Wilson, 1962a: 63.
Spelaeomyrmex as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Hendecatella Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 93 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Hendecatella) capreolus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hendecatella as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors.
Hendecatella as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Solenops Karavaiev, 1930a: 207 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Solenops) weyeri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Solenops as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors.
Solenops as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Crateropsis Patrizi, 1948: 174 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Crateropsis) elmenteitae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Crateropsis as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120; all subsequent authors.
Crateropsis as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Sporocleptes Arnold, 1948: 219. Type-species: Sporocleptes nicotianae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Sporocleptes as junior synonym of Aneleus: Consani, 1951: 169; Arnold, 1952a: 460.
Sporocleptes as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Nimbamyrma Bernard, 1953b: 240. Type-species: Nimbamyrma villiersi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Nimbamyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Bernard, 1953b: 240.
Nimbamyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120; all subsequent authors.
Nimbamyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194; Fernández, 2010: 201.
Afroxyidris Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 631. Type-species: Afroxyidris crigensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Afroxyidris in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetonini: Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 632; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Afroxyidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Afroxyidris as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Neoblepharidatta Sheela & Narendran, 1997: 88. Type-species: Neoblepharidatta nayana, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neoblepharidatta incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Sheela & Narendran, 1997: 89.
Neoblepharidatta as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 216, 273.
Neoblepharidatta as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Parvimyrma Eguchi & Bui, 2007: 40. Type-species: Parvimyrma sangi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parvimyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Eguchi & Bui, 2007: 40.
Parvimyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2010: 195.
Genus Carebara references
Smith, F. 1858b: 178 (Carebara diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 32 (Carebara catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 402 (Carebara catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 23 (Carebara diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 106 (Carebara diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 74, 78 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Bingham, 1903: 150 (Carebara diagnosis); Bingham, 1903: 154 (Oligomyrmex India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Santschi, 1913e: 459 (African Oligomyrmex, key); Santschi, 1914d: 363 (Afrotropical Carebara species key); Arnold, 1916: 248, 254, 256 (Carebara, Aneleus, Aeromyrma diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 165, 687 (Aeromyrma diagnosis, Oligomyrmex subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 168, 172, 883 (Carebara diagnosis, Afrotropical species key, Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 177, 884 (Paedalgus diagnosis, Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880, 881, 882 (Afrotropical Aneleus, Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1028 (Malagasy Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 213 (Aneleus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 215 (Aneleus (Lecanomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 215 (Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 217 (O. (Oligomyrex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 218 (Erebomyrma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 219 (Carebara diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 221 (Paedalgus diagnosis, catalogue); Weber, 1950a: 1 (Africa Oligomyrmex species, synopsis); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 151, 154, 156, 158 (Asia Carebara, Aeromyrma, Aneleus, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus checklists); Weber, 1952: 11 (Africa O. (Aeromyrma) species key); Ettershank, 1966: 119 (Oligomyrmex diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 125 (Carebara diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 128 (Paedalgus diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 74 (Carebara Neotropical catalogue); Kempf, 1972a: 172 (Oligomyrmex Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389 (Oligomyrmex North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 71 (Oligomyrmex Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 50 (Oligomyrmex Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Taylor, 1991db: 605 (Oligomyrmex Australia species, partial key); Brandão, 1991: 342 (Oligomyrmex Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 45 (Oligomyrmex Japan species key); Bolton & Belshaw, 1993: 181 (Paedalgus diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048, 1051 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus census); Bolton, 1995b: 133, 298, 311 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 74 (Oligomyrmex China species key); Terayama, 1996: 24 (Oligomyrmex Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 148 (Oligomyrmex Australia synopsis); Xu, 2003: 311 (Oligomyrmex China species key); Terayama, 2009: 151 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 386 species, 30 subspecies
Fossil: 3 species
Monomorium Mayr, 1855: 452. Type-species: Monomorium monomorium (replacement name for Monomorium minutum, junior secondary homonym in Monomorium), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Monomorium in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 452 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 71 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 65.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 124; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 78; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; in Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Arnold, 1916: 203; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 166; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of MONOMORIUM
Phacota Roger, 1862b: 260. Type-species: Phacota sichelii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Phacota in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Phacota in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 71.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 187; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; all subsequent authors except the entry below; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Phacota as genus: Bolton, 1987: 281.
Phacota as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865: 19. Type-species: Trichomyrmex rogeri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 733.
Trichomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
†Lampromyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 93. Type-species: †Monomorium mayrianum (replacement name for †Lampromyrmex gracillimus, junior secondary homonym in Monomorium), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1868c: 93 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 78.
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 183 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655.
†Lampromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45.
†Lampromyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1922e: 183; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
†Lampromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 299.
Holcomyrmex Mayr, 1879: 671. Type-species: Holcomyrmex scabriceps, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 280.
Taxonomic history
[Holcomyrmex Smith, F. 1873: ix, nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.]
Holcomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Holcomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 181 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 650.
Holcomyrmex as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 65; Forel, 1903a: 692; Bingham, 1903: 280.
Holcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 181; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Holcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Emery, 1908h: 667; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 295.
Epoecus Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi. Type-species: Epoecus pergandei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Anergatini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 204; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643.
Epoecus as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287.
Wheeleriella Forel, 1907f: 145.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 171; junior homonym of Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37 (Lepidoptera).]
Wheeleriella in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Wheeleriella in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 186; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Wheeleriella as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 291.
Homonym replaced by Wheeleriella
Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 171. Type-species: Wheeleria santschii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37 (Lepidoptera).]
Epixenus Emery, 1908f: 556. Type-species: Epixenus andrei (junior secondary homonym in Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium advena), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 163.
Taxonomic history
Epixenus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 184; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643.
Epixenus as junior synonym of Monomorium: Brown & Wilson, 1957bb: 244; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287; Tinaut & Ortiz, 1988: 167.
Mitara Emery, 1913b: 261 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium laeve, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Mitara in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Arnold, 1916: 238; Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; all subsequent authors.
Mitara as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1913b: 261; Emery, 1915i: 190; Arnold, 1916: 238; Forel, 1917: 242.
Mitara as junior synonym of †Lampromyrmex: Emery, 1922e: 183; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162, 676.
Mitara as genus: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 662.
Mitara as junior synoynm of Monomorium: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 299.
Chelaner Emery, 1914f: 410 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Chelaner) forcipatum, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1922e: 168.
Taxonomic history
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Emery, 1922e: 168; all subsequent authors except the following.
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81.
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Chelaner as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1914f: 410; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 168; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Chelaner as genus: Ettershank, 1966: 93; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 55; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Chelaner (and its junior synonyms Notomyrmex, Protholcomyrmex, Schizopelta) as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 300; Heterick, 2001: 354.
Notomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Atta antarctica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Notomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 168; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; Kusnezov, 1956: 20.
Notomyrmex as genus: Kusnezov, 1957a: 269 (in key); Kusnezov, 1960b: 343; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 60.
Notomyrmex as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Parholcomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Myrmica gracillima (junior synonym of Atta destructor), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parholcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 179; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; subsequent authors to the following.
Parholcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
[Paraholcomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 191, Forel, 1917: 242, incorrect subsequent spellings.]
Xeromyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Formica salomonis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Xeromyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 175; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677.
Xeromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 294.
Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915c: 259 [as subgenus of Monomorium.] Type-species: Monomorium modestum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Emery, 1922e: 175; all subsequent authors to the following.
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81.
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Syllophopsis as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1915c: 259; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 175; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 729; Arnold, 1952a: 465.
Syllophopsis as genus: Santschi, 1921c: 119; Santschi, 1936a: 32; Ettershank, 1966: 100.
Syllophopsis as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 287.
[Syllopsis Santschi, 1921c: 120, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Corynomyrmex Viehmeyer, 1916a: 133 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Corynomyrmex) hospitum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Corynomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Viehmeyer, 1916a: 133; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 174.
Corynomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287.
Isolcomyrmex Santschi, 1917b: 296 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex santschii (junior secondary homonym in Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium santschianum), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Isolcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1917b: 296; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Isolcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
[Isholcomyrmex Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Paraphacota Santschi, 1919d: 90. Type-species: Paraphacota surcoufi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Phacota noualhieri, unjustified subsequent designation by Santschi, 1927d: 245; repeated in Ettershank, 1966: 82 and Bolton, 1973a: 352.]
Paraphacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 681.
Paraphacota as junior synonym of Monomorium: Santschi, 1927d: 243; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 293.
Equestrimessor Santschi, 1919d: 92 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex chobauti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 644.
Taxonomic history
Equestrimessor as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1919d: 92;Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677; Santschi, 1936a: 32.
Equestrimessor as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287, 297.
[Equessimessor Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Xenhyboma Santschi, 1919g: 405. Type-species: Xenhyboma mystes (junior synonym of Monomorium medinae), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xenhyboma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736.
Xenhyboma as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Espadaler, 1982b: 112; Bolton, 1987: 293.
Protholcomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium rothsteini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Protholcomyrmex as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Ireneidris Donisthorpe, 1943c: 81. Type-species: Ireneidris myops (junior synonym of Monomorium talpa), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Ireneidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini [subtribe Monomoriini]: Donisthorpe, 1943c: 82.
Ireneidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 298.
Schizopelta McAreavey, 1949: 14. Type-species: Schizopelta falcata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Schizopelta as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Nothidris Ettershank, 1966: 105. Type-species: Monomorium latastei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Megalomyrmex genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; in Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Megalomyrmecini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kempf, 1972a: 165; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Nothidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Pharaophanes Bernard, 1967: 168 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Formica pharaonis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Pharaophanes Bernard, 1953b: 238 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Unavailable name; proposed without designation of type-species. Species included by Bernard (1953) are all referable to Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 288; Bolton, 1995b: 42 (see also note in Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 90).]
Pharaophanes as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 2003: 213.
Antichthonidris Snelling, R.R. 1975: 5. Type-species: Monomorium denticulatum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Antichthonidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Antichthonidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Antichthonidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Heterick, 2001: 361.
Epelysidris Bolton, 1987: 279. Type-species: Epelysidris brocha, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Epelysidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Epelysidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995a: 1049; Bolton, 1995b: 188.
Epelysidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Genus Monomorium references
Roger, 1863b: 30, 31 (Phacota, Monomorium catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 429, 440 (Monomorium, Phacota catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 19, 22 (Trichomyrmex, Monomorium, Phacota diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 95 (Monomorium diagnosis); Mayr, 1876: 100 (Australia Monomorium species key); Emery, 1881b: 530 (Mediterranean & Red Sea Monomorium species key); André, 1883a: 331, 343 (Europe & Algeria Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); André, 1883b: 397 (Phacota); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A. Monomorium catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 69 (Russia Monomorium species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 65, 71, 72, 78 (Holcomyrmex, Monomorium, Phacota, Trichomyrmex, †Lampromyrmex catalogues); Forel, 1903a: 685, 692 (India & Sri Lanka Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); Bingham, 1903: 200, 282 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 633 (Russian Empire Monomorium species key); Emery, 1908h: 664 (Palaearctic Monomorium species key); Emery, 1915i: 190 (Monomorium subgenera key); Arnold, 1916: 203, 204 (Monomorium diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1916b: 161 (Italy Monomorium species key); Santschi, 1921c: 121 (Syllophopsis species key); Emery, 1922e: 166 (Monomorium diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 168 (M. (Chelaner) & M. (Notomyrmex) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 170 (M. (Monomorium) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 174 (M. (Corynomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 175 (M. (Syllophopsis) & M. (Xeromyrmex) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 179 (M. (Parholcomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 181 (M. (Holcomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 183 (M. (Lampromyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 184 (Epixenus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 185 (Trichomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 186 (Wheeleriella diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 187 (Phacota diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 204 (Epoecus diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 161, 675, 862, 1026 (Monomorium diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Menozzi, 1933b: 64 (Israel Monomorium species key); Santschi, 1936a: 33 (Mediterranean & Africa M. (Xeromyrmex) key); Buren, 1944a: 289 (U.S.A., Iowa Monomorium species key); Kusnezov, 1949a: 431 (Argentina Monomorium species); Creighton, 1950a: 217 (North America Monomorium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 239 (Epoecus, review of genus); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 162, 169 (Asia Ireneidris, Monomorium, Trichomyrmex, Wheeleriella checklists); Bernard, 1955b: 282 (Epixenus species key); Brown, 1958h: 28 (New Zealand Monomorium species key); Gregg, 1963: 367 (U.S.A., Colorado Monomorium species key); Ettershank, 1966: 82, 93, 100 (Monomorium, Chelaner, Syllophopsis diagnoses, reviews of genera, checklists); Bernard, 1967: 165 (Monomorium diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 143 (Neotropical Monomorium catalogue); Kempf, 1972a: 165 (Nothidris catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 14 (Cuba Monomorium species key); Snelling, R.R. 1975: 5 (Nothidris all species key); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 79 (Nothidris all species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (former European U.S.S.R. Monomorium species key); Collingwood, 1978: 82 (Iberian Peninsula Monomorium species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381 (North America Monomorium catalogue); Tohmé & Tohmé, 1980a: 1087 (Lebanon & Syria Epixenus species key); Collingwood, 1985: 267 (Saudi Arabia Monomorium species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 55, 70 (Australia Chelaner, Monomorium catalogues); DuBois, 1986: 74 (Nearctic Monomorium species revision, key); Bolton, 1987: 281 (Phacota diagnosis, review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 283 (Antichthonidris, review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 284 (Nothidris review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 287 (Monomorium diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Taylor, 1987a: 19, 40 and Taylor, 1987b: 2 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand Monomorium checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 272 (Balkans Monomorium species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 231 (Turkmenistan Monomorium species key); Brandão, 1991: 326, 357 (Neotropical Monomorium catalogue); Brandão, 1991: 361 (Nothidris catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 38 (Japan Monomorium species key); Arakelian, 1994: 46 (Armenia Monomorium species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048, 1050, 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 67, 258, 292, 316 (Antichthonidris, Monomorium, Nothidris, Phacota catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 88 (China Monomorium species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 337 (Saudi Arabia Monomorium species key); Radchenko, 1997f: 211 (M. scabriceps group revision, key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 19 (Portugal Monomorium species key); Shattuck, 1999: 145 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2001: 367 (Australia Monomorium species revision, key); Zhou, 2001b: 112 (China, Guangxi Monomorium species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 127 (U.S.A., New Mexico Monomorium species key); Heterick, 2006: 84 (Malagasy Monomorium species revision, key); Fernández, 2007b: 139 (Neotropical Monomorium species key); Terayama, 2009: 154 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 158 (south-western Australia species key); Aldawood & Sharaf, 2011: 52 (Saudi Arabia M. monomorium group key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Pheidologeton TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 32 species, 16 subspecies
Fossil: 2 species
Pheidologeton Mayr, 1862: 750. Type-species: Oecodoma diversa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 160.
Taxonomic history
Pheidologeton in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 211; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Junior synonyms of PHEIDOLOGETON
Phidologeton Bingham, 1903: 160, unjustified emendation of Pheidologeton.
Taxonomic history
Phidologeton as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880.
Amauromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 1. Type-species: Amauromyrmex speculifrons (junior synonym of Pheidole silenus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Amauromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 3; all subsequent authors.
Amauromyrmex as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
Idrisella Santschi, 1937h: 372. Type-species: Pheidologeton dentiviris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Idrisella in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653.
Idrisella as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
Genus Pheidologeton references
Roger, 1863b: 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 442 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 22 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 100 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 72 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 690 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 162 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 682 (subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880 (Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 211 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 155, 158 (Asia Amauromyrmex, Pheidologeton checklists); Ettershank, 1966: 115 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 79 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 55 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 333 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 72 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 156 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 89 (China, Guangxi species key); Zhou, Zhao & Jia, 2006: 870 (China species key); Terayama, 2009: 156 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Solenopsis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 183 species, 75 subspecies
Fossil: 8 species
Solenopsis Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Solenopsis mandibularis (junior synonym of Atta geminata), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Solenopsis in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 177.
Solenopsis in Attidae: Smith, F. 1860a: 74; Smith, F. 1861b: 48.
Solenopsis in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 333; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Solenopsis in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 24 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 271.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Forel, 1895b: 130; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1899c: 79; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 242; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 195; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kempf, 1972a: 232; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1384; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of SOLENOPSIS
Diplorhoptrum Mayr, 1855: 449. Type-species: Formica fugax, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Diplorhoptrum in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 449 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 72 [Myrmicidae].
Diplorhoptrum in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 195; all subsequent authors.
Diplorhoptrum as genus: Mayr, 1855: 449; Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 68; Kutter, 1977c: 98; Bernard, 1978a: 543; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539; Collingwood, 1979: 64; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 132; Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 167; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 102; Baroni Urbani, 1995: 20 (footnote).
Diplorhoptrum as subgenus of Solenopsis: Creighton, 1930b: 43; Santschi, 1934e: 566 (in text), 568; Creighton, 1950a: 233; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 813; Kusnezov, 1956: 27; Kusnezov, 1957a: 273; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Smith, M.R. 1967: 358.
Diplorhoptrum as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Mayr, 1862: 751; Roger, 1863b: 32; Mayr, 1863: 453; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75; Forel, 1915d: 9; Emery, 1922e: 195; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 877; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 639; Ettershank, 1966: 134; Kempf, 1972a: 232; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1384; Bolton, 1987: 285; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 27.
Octella Forel, 1915b: 70 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Octella) pachycerus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Octella as subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 687; Emery, 1924d: 218.
Octella as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
Octella as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Taylor, 1991db: 611.
Synsolenopsis Forel, 1918b: 155 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Synsolenopsis) bruchi (junior primary homonym in Solenopsis, replaced by Solenopsis bruchiella), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Synsolenopsis as subgenus of Solenopsis: Forel, 1918b: 155; Emery, 1922e: 196.
Synsolenopsis as genus: Creighton, 1930b: 41 (in text); Kusnezov, 1953c: 341; Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Synsolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Diagyne Santschi, 1923c: 268 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis succinea by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Diagyne in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 638.
Diagyne as subgenus of Solenopsis: Santschi, 1923c: 268; Creighton, 1930b: 42; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160.
Diagyne junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Labauchena Santschi, 1930d: 81. Type-species: Labauchena daguerrei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Labauchena in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Santschi, 1930d: 81; all subsequent authors.
Labauchena as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Euophthalma Creighton, 1930b: 43 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Myrmica globularia, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Euophthalma as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Oedaleocerus Creighton, 1930b: 43 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis angulata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Oedaleocerus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 677.
Oedaleocerus as subgenus of Solenopsis: Creighton, 1930b: 43.
Oedaleocerus as genus: Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Oedaleocerus as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Bisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1953d: 9. Type-species: Bisolenopsis sea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bisolenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1953d: 9; Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 159; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Bisolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
[Disolenopsis Snelling, R.R. 1981: 397, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Paranamyrma Kusnezov, 1953d: 17. Type-species: Paranamyrma solenopsidis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Paranamyrma also described as new by Kusnezov, 1954a: 9.]
Paranamyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1957a: 267 (in key); Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Paranamyrma as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Granisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1956: 26 [as subgenus of Solenopsis] (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Solenopsis (Granisolenopsis) granivora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Granisolenopsis also described as new by Kusnezov, 1957a: 277.]
Granisolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Lilidris Kusnezov, 1956: 26 (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Lilidris metatarsalis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Lilidris also described as new by Kusnezov, 1957a: 274 and Kusnezov, 1958b: 189.]
Lilidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1957a: 274; Kusnezov, 1958b: 189; Kusnezov, 1962b: 159; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Lilidris as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Genus Solenopsis references
Smith, F. 1858b: 177 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 32 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 24 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 109 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 996 (all species key); André, 1883b: 387 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 75 (catalogue); Emery, 1896g: 82 (New World species key); Forel, 1903a: 689 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 158 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1909a: 29 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 165 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1916: 242 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 195 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 163, 877, 1028 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 218 (Oligomyrmex (Octella) diagnosis, catalogue); Creighton, 1930b: 42 (subgenera key); Creighton, 1930b: 45 (S. (Solenopsis) species key); Creighton, 1930b: 106 (S. (Euophthalma) species key); Cole, 1942: 361 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Bernard, 1950a: 5 (France species key); Creighton, 1950a: 228 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 167 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1952b: 50 (South America S. saevissima complex, key); Kusnezov, 1953c: 347 (Synsolenopsis species key); Gregg, 1963: 370 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Snelling, R.R. 1963: 1 (U.S.A S. geminata group species); Ettershank, 1966: 134 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Bernard, 1967: 170 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kusnezov, 1969: 37 (Bisolenopsis species key); Buren, 1972: 1 (S. geminata group, partial revision); Kempf, 1972a: 232 (Neotropical catalogue); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 81 (Chile species key); Kutter, 1977c: 99 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 82 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Bernard, 1978a: 573 (France species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1385 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 443 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 302 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 87 (Australia catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 50 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 72 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (Balkans species key); Bolton, 1987: 285 (synonymy notes); Thompson & Johnson, 1989: 697 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 240 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 378 (Neotropical catalogue); Trager, 1991: 141 (S. geminata group revision, key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 41 (Japan species key); Arakelian, 1994: 48 (Armenia species key); Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 102 (Central Palaearctic species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 386 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 70 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 358 (Saudi Arabia species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 18 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 165 (Australia synopsis); Taber, 2000: 234 (U.S.A. S. geminata group, key); Snelling, R.R. 2001: 522 (Puerto Rico S. fugax group, key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 196 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Terayama, 2009: 157 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 176 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 171 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil: 5 species
Myrmica Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica rubra, by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810: 437; see also Yarrow, 1955b: 113.
Taxonomic history
Myrmica in Myrmicites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 180.
Myrmica in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 114.
Myrmica in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 324; Cresson, 1887: 260.
Myrmica in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 396 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 62 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 460 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 108.
Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 63; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 40; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 59; Forel, 1917: 241; Bondroit, 1918: 96; Emery, 1921f: 36; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of MYRMICA
Sifolinia Emery, 1907: 49. Type-species: Sifolinia laurae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sifolinia in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 117; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661.
Sifolinia in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Collingwood, 1979: 58; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Sifolinia as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 219.
†Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60. Type-species: †Macromischa rudis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[†Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 413, and Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 167, nomina nuda.]
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60; all subsequent authors except the following.
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675 (error).
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 292.
†Nothomyrmica incertae sedis in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Bolton, 2003: 62.
†Nothomyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1495.
Sommimyrma Menozzi, 1925d: 25. Type-species: Sommimyrma symbiotica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Sommimyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726.
Sommimyrma as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 224.
Symbiomyrma Arnol'di, 1930c: 267. Type-species: Symbiomyrma karavajevi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Symbiomyrma also described as new by Arnol'di, 1933a: 41.]
Symbiomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Karavaiev, 1934: 102.
Symbiomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 729.
Symbiomyrma as genus: Karavaiev, 1934: 102; Seifert, 1994: 15; Seifert, 1996b: 236.
Symbiomyrma as junior synonym of Sifolinia: Samsinak, 1964: 156.
Symbiomyrma as junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3; Bolton, 1994: 106; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 219.
Paramyrmica Cole, 1957a: 37. Type-species: Paramyrmica colax, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paramyrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257.
Paramyrmica as genus: Gregg, 1961: 215; Smith, M.R. 1967: 350; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1351.
Paramyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3.
Dodecamyrmica Arnol'di, 1968: 1803 [as subgenus of Myrmica]. Type-species: Myrmica arnoldii, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dodecamyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Francoeur, 1981: 759; Bolton, 1988a: 4.
Genus Myrmica references
Mayr, 1855: 396, 397 (diagnosis, Austria species key); Smith, F. 1858b: 114 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 62 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 28 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 429 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 19 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 192 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 75 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883a: 315 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 260 (U.S.A. catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 246 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 71 (Russia species key); Lameere, 1892: 68 (Belgium species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 108 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 696 (India species key); Bingham, 1903: 267 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 652 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 15 (Luxemburg species key); Emery, 1908a: 165 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 493 (Belgium species key); Stitz, 1914: 70 (Central Europe species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 110 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 121 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Bondroit, 1918: 98 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1921f: 36 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 117 (Sifolinia diagnosis, catalogue); Finzi, 1926: 77 (diagnosis, European species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e: 190 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 258 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 118 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 599 (Russia species key); Arnol'di, 1934: 151 (former European U.S.S.R. species, biometrics); Karavaiev, 1934: 63 (Ukraine species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 293 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 74 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 75 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 75 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 367 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 168 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 281 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 175 (Belgium species key); Weber, 1947: 444 (North America species key); Creighton, 1950a: 92 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 124 (Asia checklist); Sadil, 1952: 264 (Czechia & Slovakia species key); Collingwood, 1958b: 65 (Britain species key); Boven, 1959: 7 (Netherlands species key); Gregg, 1963: 290 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 96 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Collingwood, 1964: 101 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 107 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 156 (Sifolinia diagnosis); Boven, 1970b: 16 (Netherlands species key); Arnol'di, 1970b: 1832 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Kutter, 1973c: 253 (morphology, satellite genera, Sifolinia, Sommimyrma, Symbiomyrma, key to first); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 5 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1976a: 554 (central Asia & Kazakhstan species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 20 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 43 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 530 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 78 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 41 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1347, 1351 (North America Myrmica, Paramyrmica catalogues); Francoeur, 1981: 755 (M. lampra group); Allred, 1982: 440 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 294 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 22 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Kupyanskaya, 1986a: 83 (Far Eastern Russia M. lobicornis group, key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 62 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 267 (Balkans species key); Seifert, 1988b: 43 (Europe, Asia Minor & Caucasus species key); Bolton, 1988a: 3 (diagnosis, review of genus, venation); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 181 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 92 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 8 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 80 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 20 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 105 (South Siberia species key); Radchenko, 1994c: 130 (Central & Eastern Palaearctic species key); Douwes, 1995: 86 (Sweden species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 337 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 277 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 91 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 140 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 45 (Britain species key); Radchenko, Czechowski & Czechowsa, 1997: 481 (Poland species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 12 (Portugal species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 1998: 3 (M. ritae group, key); Elmes & Radchenko, 1998: 218 (Taiwan species key); Wei, Zhou, He & Liu, 2001: 561 (China species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2001: 262 (Himalaya species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 141 (Poland species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 239 (Palaearctic socially parasitic species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 133 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Radchenko, Elmes & Bui, 2006: 43 (Vietnam species key); Radchenko, Elmes & Alicata, 2006: 531 (Palaearctic schencki group key); Seifert, 2007: 131 (North and Central Europe species key); Francoeur, 2007: 156 (punctiventris group key); Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1497 (late Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 160 (Taiwan species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 85 (pachei group key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 713 (Palaearctic, Oriental, all species revision, keys).
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Strongylognathus TRUE TRUE FALSE24 species
Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853d: 389. Type-species: Eciton testaceum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Myrmus Schenck, 1853: 188; junior homonym of Myrmus Hahn, 1832: 81 (Hemiptera).]
Strongylognathus in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 134.
Strongylognathus in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Strongylognathus in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 430 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 21 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 457 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 129.
Strongylognathus in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 285; all subsequent authors.
Genus Strongylognathus references
Smith, F. 1858b: 134 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1863: 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 21 (diagnosis); Forel, 1874: 71 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883a: 281 (Europe & Algeria species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 129 (catalogue); Forel, 1900e: 278 (all species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 541 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1909d: 708 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 199 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 110 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1924d: 285 (diagnosis catalogue); Arnol'di, 1933b: 598 (Russia species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 87 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 87 (Central Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 237 (Western Europe species key); Baroni Urbani, 1969c: 157 (Western Europe S. huberi group revision, key); Bolton, 1976: 304 (diagnosis, review of genus); Kutter, 1977c: 159 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 545 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 86 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Gösswald, 1985: 312 (Germany species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 278 (Balkans species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 209 (Turkmenistan species key); Radchenko, 1991: 89 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 156 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 68 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 395 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 95 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 115 (Central Europe species key); Sanetra & Buschinger, 2000: 95 (phylogeny); Wei, Xu & He, 2001: 68 (China species key); Seifert, 2007: 115 (North and Central Europe species key).
Homonym replaced by STRONGYLOGNATHUS
Myrmus Schenck, 1853: 188. Type-species: Myrmus emarginatus (junior synonym of Eciton testaceum), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Myrmus Hahn, 1832: 81 (Hemiptera).]
Extant: 461 species, 16 subspecies
Fossil:
Tetramorium Mayr, 1855: 423. Type-species: Formica caespitum, by subsequent designation of Girard, 1879: 1016.
Taxonomic history
Tetramorium in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 423 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 61 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 20 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 457 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 130.
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Forel, 1899c: 52; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Arnold, 1917: 271; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 275; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of TETRAMORIUM
Tetrogmus Roger, 1857: 10. Type-species: Tetrogmus caldarius, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tetrogmus as subgenus of Tetramorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141.
Tetrogmus as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Roger, 1862c: 297; all subsequent authors except the above; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195.
Xiphomyrmex Forel, 1887: 385 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Xiphomyrmex) kelleri, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 175.
Taxonomic history
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 130.
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 286; all subsequent authors.
Xiphomyrmex as subgenus of Tetramorium: Dalla Torre, 1893: 130; Forel, 1899c: 53; Forel, 1903a: 700; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Arnold, 1917: 274; Arnold, 1926: 277.
Xiphomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1895j: 770; Emery, 1896e: 183; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 193; Emery, 1924d: 286; Smith, M.R. 1938a: 126; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736; Creighton, 1950a: 293; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 824; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 179; Bernard, 1953b: 250; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Xiphomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bingham, 1903: 175; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Triglyphothrix Forel, 1890b: cvi. Type-species: Triglyphothrix walshi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Triglyphothrix in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 135.
Triglyphothrix in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 272; all subsequent authors.
Triglyphothrix as subgenus of Tetramorium: Arnold, 1917: 274; Arnold, 1926: 272.
Triglyphothrix as genus: Forel, 1890b: cvi. Dalla Torre, 1893: 135; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1903a: 703; Bingham, 1903: 171; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 196; Emery, 1924d: 272; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734; Creighton, 1950a: 285; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 823; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 178; Bernard, 1953b: 248; Kempf, 1972a: 255; Bolton, 1976: 310; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1399; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 91.
Triglyphothrix as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1985: 247; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Atopula Emery, 1912b: 104. Type-species: Atopomyrmex nodifer, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Atopula in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242 [subtribe Podomyrmini]; all subsequent authors to Bolton, 1976: 359.
Atopula in Myrmicinae, Podomyrmini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Atopula as subgenus of Vollenhovia: Emery, 1912d: 273.
Atopula as subgenus of Terataner: Arnold, 1952b: 129.
Atopula as genus: Emery, 1912b: 104; Emery, 1914a: 41; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242; Bernard, 1948: 177; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (anachronism).
Atopula as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Macromischoides Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Macromischa aculeata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Macromischoides in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism).
Macromischoides in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Santschi, 1924b: 207; all subsequent authors.
Macromischoides as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 187; Santschi, 1924b: 206; Bernard, 1953b: 248; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Macromischoides as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 196.
[Macromichoides Santschi, 1924b: 206, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Lobomyrmex Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Lobomyrmex) ferox silhavyi (junior synonym of Tetramorium ferox), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lobomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 196.
Sulcomyrmex Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Kratochvíl (1941) are all referable to Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359.]
Apomyrmex Calilung, 2000: 66. Type-species: Apomyrmex manobo, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Apomyrmex incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Calilung, 2000: 66.
Apomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 2003: 227, 269.
Genus Tetramorium references
Roger, 1863b: 26, 27 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 456 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 20 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 972 (all species key); André, 1883a: 285 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1893e: 214 (Triglyphothrix species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 130, 135 (Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Forel, 1903a: 700, 703 (India & Sri Lanka Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix species keys); Bingham, 1903: 172, 175 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Triglyphothrix, Tetramorium species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 517 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1909d: 695 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 195 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1917: 271, 275, 334, 345 (diagnosis, South Africa Tetramorium (Tetramorium), T. (Triglyphothrix), T. (Xiphomyrmex) species keys); Bondroit, 1918: 106 (France & Belgium species key); Mann, 1919: 353 (Papuasia Triglyphothrix species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 187, 190, 193, 196 (Macromischoides, Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 886, 889, 893, 906, 909 (Afrotropical Atopula, Macromischoides, Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1030, 1031, 1032 (Malagasy Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 242 (Atopula diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 272 (Triglyphothrix diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 275 (Tetramorium diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 286 (Xiphomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1924b: 210 (Macromischoides species key); Arnold, 1926: 241 (South Africa Tetramorium (Tetramorium) species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 74 (Israel species key); Finzi, 1936: 183 (Egypt species key); Smith, M.R. 1938a: 127 (North America Xiphomyrmex species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 84 (Central Europe species key); Smith, M.R. 1943b: 2 (North America species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 76, 95 (Central Europe species key); Creighton, 1950a: 290, 293 (North America Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 174, 178, 179 (Asia Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix, Xiphomyrmex checklists); Brown, 1958h: 27 (New Zealand species); Bernard, 1967: 227 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 249, 255 (Neotropical Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 18 (Cuba species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 105 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Bolton, 1976: 310, 314, 341 (Triglyphothrix diagnosis, Afrotropical, Oriental & Malesian species revisions, keys); Bolton, 1976: 359 (Tetramorium diagnosis, review of genus, synonymy); Bolton, 1977: 72, 133 (Oriental & Malesian, Australia species revisions, keys); Kutter, 1977c: 150 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 544 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 86 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 82 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1399, 1400 (North America Triglyphothrix, Tetramorium catalogues); Bolton, 1979: 132, 159 (Malagasy, New World species revisions, keys); Bolton, 1980: 196, 205 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Collingwood, 1985: 262 (Saudi Arabia species key); Gösswald, 1985: 311 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 88 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 78 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 277 (Balkans species key); Wang, M., Xiao & Wu, 1988: 264 (China species key); Radchenko & Arakelian, 1990: 371 (Crimea & Caucasus T. ferox complex, key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 197 (Turkmenistan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 149 (Bulgaria species key); Radchenko, 1992a: 44 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 33 (Japan species key); Arakelian, 1994: 60 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 109 (South Siberia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 403 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 79 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 332 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 158 (Central Europe species key); Cagniant, 1997: 89 (Morocco species key); Radchenko, Czechowski & Czechowsa, 1998: 107 (Poland species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 17 (Portugal species key); Sanetra, Güsten & Schulz, 1999: 317 (Italy, species); Shattuck, 1999: 168 (Australia synopsis); Chang & He, 2001a: 1 (northwest China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 100 (China, Guangxi species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 145 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 214 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Seifert, 2007: 145 (North and Central Europe species key); Csösz, Radchenko & Schulz, 2007: 8 (T. chefketi complex key); Terayama, 2009: 162 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 177 (south-western Australia species key); Csösz & Schulz, 2010: 12 (T. ferox complex key); Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010b: 12 (Afrotropical T. weitzeckeri species group key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 176 species, 39 subspecies
Fossil: 19 species
Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853b: 107. Type-species: Aphaenogaster sardoa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 270.
Taxonomic history
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 466 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 461 [Myrmicidae]; Cresson, 1887: 260 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1891b: 166; Forel, 1895b: 129; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 58; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 53; Santschi, 1932b: 13; Kempf, 1972a: 22 (anachronism).
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Aphaenogastrini: Enzmann, J. 1947b: 147.
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Pheidolidae]; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 55 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Brown, 1949a: 48; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 131; all subsequent authors.
Aphaenogaster as junior synonym of Atta: Mayr, 1863: 395.
Aphaenogaster as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Aphaenogaster as genus: Emery, 1908c: 309; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of APHAENOGASTER
Deromyrma Forel, 1913b: 350 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) swammerdami, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Deromyrma also described as new by Forel, 1913k: 49.]
Deromyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1913b: 350; Forel, 1913k: 49; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 64; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; all subsequent authors to the following.
Deromyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Planimyrma Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) loriai, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Planimyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; all subsequent authors to the following.
Planimyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Attomyrma Emery, 1915d: 70 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Formica subterranea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Attomyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1915d: 70; Emery, 1916b: 129; Emery, 1921f: 56; all subsequent authors to the following.
Attomyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Novomessor Emery, 1915d: 73. Type-species: Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) cockerelli, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Novomessor in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 66 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors except the following.
Novomessor in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675; Kempf, 1972a: 166.
Novomessor as genus: Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 343; Creighton, 1950a: 155; Hölldobler, Stanton & Engel, 1976: 32.
Novomessor as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1974b: 47; Bolton, 1982: 364 (discussion pp. 339-341).
Nystalomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 215 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Myrmica longiceps, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nystalomyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 215; Emery, 1921f: 61; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676.
Nystalomyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Brunella Forel, 1917: 234. Type-species: Aphaenogaster belti, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Brunella in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Forel, 1917: 245.
Brunella in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Brunella incertae sedis in Formicidae: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 259 (anachronism, incomprehensible entry).
Brunella incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Brunella as junior synonym of Atopula: Emery, 1924d: 242; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Brunella as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364; Bolton, 1994: 106.
†Sinaphaenogaster Zhang, 1989: 266 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: †Paraphaenogaster shanwangensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Sinaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 2003: 230, 273.
Genus Aphaenogaster references
Mayr, 1855: 466 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 29 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 19 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 92 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 195 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 74 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883b: 348 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1886d: 443 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 260 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1888a: 531 (A. (Ischnomyrmex) species key); Nasonov, 1889: 74 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 98 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 693 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 270 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 714 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908c: 310 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 495 (Belgium species key); Emery, 1916b: 132 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 585 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 213 (Australia species); Bondroit, 1918: 156 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1921f: 55 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 56, 61, 64, 65 (A. (Attomyrma, Nystalomyrma, Deromyrma, Planimyrma) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1921f: 66 (Novomessor diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680 (subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1016, 1029 (Aphaenogaster, Brunella catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 348 (Novomessor species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 296 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 112 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 81 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 81 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 363 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 284 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 140, 155 (North America Aphaenogaster, Novomessor species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 131 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1961b: 218 (New Guinea species key); Gregg, 1963: 336 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Bernard, 1967: 128 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 22, 166 (Neotropical Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma), Novomessor catalogues); Arnol'di, 1976b: 1023 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Kutter, 1977c: 77 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 536 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 79 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 439 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 54 (Australia catalogue); Gösswald, 1985: 298 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 35 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 8 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 269 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 211 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 326 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 15 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 107 (Bulgaria species key); Schulz, A. 1994a: 425 (A. (Attomyrma), partial key); Arakelian, 1994: 29 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 68 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 110 (China species key); Umphrey, 1996: 557 (North America A. fulva complex key); Cagniant, 1996a: 67 (Morocco species key); Seifert, 1996b: 156 (Central Europe species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 13 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 126 (Australia synopsis); Park & Kim, 2000: 108 (Korea species key); Zhou, 2001b: 142 (China, Guangxi species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 60 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Longino & Cover, 2004: 1 (A. phalangium complex revision); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 144 (North and Central Europe species key); Shattuck, 2008a: 27 (Australia species revision, key); Terayama, 2009: 164 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 144 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 970 species, 142 subspecies
Fossil: 4 species
Pheidole Westwood, 1839: 219. Type-species: Atta providens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pheidole in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 172.
Pheidole in Attidae: Smith, F. 1860a: 74; Smith, F. 1862a: 49.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 331; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1861: 69 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 463 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 88.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 127; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 64; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Kempf, 1972a: 183 (anachronism).
Pheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Arnold, 1920a: 414; Emery, 1921f: 77; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors except Kempf, 1972a: 183, above.
Junior synonyms of PHEIDOLE
Oecophthora Heer, 1852: 15. Type-species: Oecophthora pusilla (junior synonym of Formica megacephala), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Oecophthora in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 453 [Myrmicidae].
Oecophthora as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 172; Roger, 1863b: 30.
Ischnomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 738. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 18 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Ischnomyrmex as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 461; Bingham, 1903: 270.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1891b: 166; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Forel, 1899c: 59; Emery, 1908c: 313; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1902h: 439; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 49.
Ischnomyrmex as genus: Mayr, 1862: 738; Emery, 1914a: 40; Viehmeyer, 1914d: 601; Forel, 1917: 241; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Emery, 1922e: 113. Stitz, 1911a: 367; Kusnezov, 1952b: 10 (in key).
Ischnomyrmex as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Leptomyrma Motschoulsky, 1863: 17. Type-species: Leptomyrma gracilipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Leptomyrma in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 329.
Leptomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1892b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Pheidolacanthinus Smith, F. 1865: 75. Type-species: Pheidolacanthinus armatus (junior synonym of Myrmica quadrispinosa), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pheidolacanthinus in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 333.
Pheidolacanthinus in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Pheidolacanthinus as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 81; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Pheidolacanthinus as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Ceratopheidole Pergande, 1896: 889 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) granulata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ceratopheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Ceratopheidole as genus: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 104 (anachronism).
Ceratopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Pergande, 1896: 889; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
Ceratopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Epipheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1903f: 664. Type-species: Epipheidole inquilina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Epipheidole also described as new by Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 14.]
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 114; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Creighton, 1950a: 192.
Epipheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Cole, 1965: 174; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Phidole Bingham, 1903: 220, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
Taxonomic history
Phidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Wheeler, 1922a: 806.
Sympheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 7. Type-species: Sympheidole elecebra, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 115; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors to the following.
Sympheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Phidola Schulz, W.A. 1906: 155, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
Taxonomic history
Phidola as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.
Allopheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole kingi (junior synonym of Pheidole tepicana), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.
Taxonomic history
Allopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1912f: 237; Forel, 1917: 241.
Allopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Emery, 1921f: 84; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Decapheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole perpusilla, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
Decapheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661.
Decapheidole as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Borgmeier, 1927c: 78.
Decapheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1912f: 237, Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
Decapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Isopheidole Forel, 1912m: 765 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Isopheidole as junior synonym of Ischnomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1913k: 49; Emery, 1922e: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680 (in key). [Ischnomyrmex and Isopheidole share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Elasmopheidole Forel, 1913k: 43 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole aberrans, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1915i: 190.
Taxonomic history
Elasmopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 43; Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 110; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Elasmopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Cardiopheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole vaslitii, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cardiopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48; Forel, 1917: 241.
Cardiopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Emery, 1921f: 84; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Anergatides Wasmann, 1915b: 281. Type-species: Anergatides kohli (junior secondary homonym in Pheidole, replaced by Pheidole neokohli), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anergatides in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 243 [subtribe Anergatini]; Emery, 1922e: 116 [subtribe Anergatidini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 623.
Anergatides in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism).
Anergatides as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 328; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Parapheidole Emery, 1915d: 68. Type-species: Aphaenogaster oculata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Parapheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 115; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Parapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Macropheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole fimbriata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Macropheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 81; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Macropheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 800; Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Scrobopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole scrobifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Scrobopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Scrobopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Stegopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Elasmopheidole) upeneci, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Stegopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1921f: 83; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Stegopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Trachypheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole bicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Trachypheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Trachypheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Electropheidole Mann, 1921: 438 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Electropheidole) roosevelti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 642.
Taxonomic history
Electropheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Mann, 1921: 438; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 672; all subsequent authors to the following.
Electropheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Bruchomyrma Santschi, 1922d: 248. Type-species: Bruchomyrma acutidens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bruchomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Bruchomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 42.
Bruchomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 327; Bolton, 1994: 106; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Bruchomyrma as genus: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Cephalomorium Forel, 1922: 91 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Cephalomorium) bahai, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cephalomorium as junior synonym of Hendecapheidole: Santschi, 1925d: 228.
Hendecapheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1922d: 3 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole tachigaliae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hendecapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Gallardomyrma Bruch, 1932: 271. Type-species: Gallardomyrma argentina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Gallardomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646.
Gallardomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 110.
Gallardomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 327; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Gallardomyrma as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 110; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Conothoracoides Strand, 1935: 176.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Conothorax Karavaiev; junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
Conothoracoides as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Homonym replaced by Conothoracoides
Conothorax Karavaiev, 1935a: 75. Type-species: Conothorax bilobum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Conothorax Karavaiev junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
Conothorax in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Karavaiev, 1935a: 75.
Eriopheidole Kusnezov, 1952a: 10. Type-species: Eriopheidole symbiotica (unresolved junior secondary homonym in Pheidole), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eriopheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Kusnezov, 1952a: 10.
Eriopheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 107.
Eriopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Eriopheidole as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 107; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Xenoaphaenogaster Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 50. Type-species: Xenoaphaenogaster inquilina (junior synonym of Myrmica pallidula), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Xenoaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Monomorium: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional].
Xenoaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Pheidole: Bolton, 1987: 291.
Genus Pheidole references
Smith, F. 1858b: 172 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 70 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 27, 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424, 440 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 18, 22 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 92, 96 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1870b: 977, 979 (Australia & New World species keys); Mayr, 1876: 102 (Australia species key); André, 1883b: 382 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1879: 674 (Asia species key); Mayr, 1887: 582 (New World species key); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A., catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 75 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 88, 98 (Pheidole, Pheidolacanthinus catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 288 (North America species key); Mayr, 1896: 241 (Africa species, partial key); Emery, 1896g: 80 (P. flavens group, key); Forel, 1902c: 165 (India species key); Forel, 1902f: 523 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 223 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 133 (Puerto Rico species key); Arnold, 1920a: 414 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1921f: 78 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 81 (P. (Macropheidole) & P. (Pheidolacanthinus) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1921f: 83 (P. (Stegopheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Mann, 1921: 442 (Fiji Is species key); Emery, 1922e: 110 (P. (Elasmopheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 111 (P. (Trachypheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 112 (P. (Scrobopheidole), P. (Decapheidole) & P. (Ceratopheidole) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 113 (Ischnomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 114 (Epipheidole diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 115 (Sympheidole, Parapheidole diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 116 (Anergatides diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 126, 672 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 806, 879 (Afrotropical Pheidole, Anergatides catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1017, 1021 (Malagasy Pheidole, Parapheidole catalogues); Gallardo, 1932c: 179 (Argentina Elasmopheidole species key); Finzi, 1936: 165 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 298 (Himalaya species key); Cole, 1942: 362 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 285 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 163 (North America species key); Creighton, 1950a: 192, 194 (North America Epipheidole, Sympheidole species); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135, 137 (Asia Ceratopheidole, Conothorax, Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole checklists); Kusnezov, 1952b: 61 (Argentina species key); Smith, M.R. 1955c: 302 (P. (Hendecapheidole) species key); Gregg, 1959: 9 (U.S.A. species key); Gregg, 1963: 407 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 126 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 149 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Gregg, 1969: 95 (addition to Gregg, 1959 U.S.A. key); Kempf, 1972a: 183 (Neotropical catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 11 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 441 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Ogata, 1982: 191 (Japan species key); Collingwood, 1985: 253 (Saudi Arabia species key); Naves, 1985: 54 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 74 (Australia catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 41 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 53 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 271 (Balkans species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 123 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 368 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 22 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 345 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 316 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 99 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 322 (Saudi Arabia species key); Park & Kim, 2000: 109 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 152 (Australia synopsis); Eguchi, 1999: 103 (Borneo P. longipes group, key); Ward, 2000: 96 (U.S.A. P. hyatti complex, key); Zhou, 2001b: 121 (China, Guangxi species key); Eguchi, 2001b: 10 (Borneo species key); ; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 149 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key)Wilson, 2003: 27 (New World, all species revision, keys); Sarnat, 2008: 8 (Fiji Is P. roosevelti group, key); Eguchi, 2008: 8 (North Vietnam species key); Terayama, 2009: 171 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 169 (south-western Australia species key); Sarnat & Moreau, 2011: 114 (P. roosevelti group phylogeny and radiation).
Genera incertae sedis in Pheidolini
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Recurvidris TRUE TRUE FALSE10 species
Recurvidris Bolton, 1992: 36.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Trigonogaster Forel, 1890b: cix; junior homonym of Trigonogaster Guérin-Méneville, 1844b: 1149 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae).]
Recurvidris incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1992: 38.
Recurvidris in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetonini: Bolton, 1994: 106.
Reccurvidris in Myrmicinae, Crematogastrini: Bolton, 2003: 66.
Genus Recurvidris references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 72 (catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 210 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 161 (Asia checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 158 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Bolton, 1992: 35 (diagnosis, review of genus, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 377 (catalogue); Zhou, 2000: 301 (China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 110 (China, Guangxi species key).
Homonym replaced by RECURVIDRIS
Trigonogaster Forel, 1890b: cviii. Type-species: Trigonogaster recurvispinosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Trigonogaster Guérin-Méneville, 1844b: 1149 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae).]
Trigonogaster in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Trigonogaster in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Trigonogaster in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Emery, 1914a: 42.
Trigonogaster in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Trigonogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1915i: 192 [subtribe Lophomyrmicini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 210; all subsequent authors except the following.
Trigonogaster incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 81.
67 species, 2 subspecies
Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869b: 20. Type-species: Cardiocondyla elegans, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 70.
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Arnold, 1916: 200; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 124; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism); Jaffe, 1993: 10 (anachronism).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Bolton, 1982: 311 (in text).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Junior synonyms of CARDIOCONDYLA
Emeryia Forel, 1890b: cx. Type-species: Emeryia wroughtonii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Emeryia as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Forel, 1892h: 461; Forel, 1892i: 313; Dalla Torre, 1893: 70.
Xenometra Emery, 1917a: 96. Type-species: Xenometra monilicornis (junior synonym of Cardiocondyla emeryi), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xenometra in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Emery, 1922e: 126; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; subsequent authors.
Xenometra as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Baroni Urbani, 1973: 199; Marikovsky & Yakushin, 1974: 60.
Dyclona Santschi, 1930b: 70 (footnote) [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Monomorium cristatum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dyclona as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Loncyda Santschi, 1930b: 70 [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Loncyda) monardi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Loncyda as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Prosopidris Wheeler, W.M. 1935b: 40 [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Prosopidris) sima, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Prosopidris in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 688.
Prosopidris as genus: Reiskind, 1965: 80.
Prosopidris as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Genus Cardiocondyla references
André, 1883a: 327 (Europe & Algeria species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 70 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 688 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 287 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 623 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1909a: 20 (Palaearctic species key); Arnold, 1916: 200 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 124 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 126 (Xenometra diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 149, 827, 1021 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 37 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1934: 114 (Ukraine species key); Finzi, 1936: 172 (Egypt species key); Smith, M.R. 1944a: 32 (U.S.A. species key); Creighton, 1950a: 197 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 83 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1956c: 301 (Palaearctic species key); Bernard, 1967: 156 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 158 (Xenometra diagnosis); Kempf, 1972a: 73, 259 (Neotropical Cardiocondyla, Xenometra catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 12 (Cuba species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 71 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 86 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375 (North America catalogue); Bolton, 1982: 309 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species key); Kugler, J. 1984: 17 (males, key); Collingwood, 1985: 256 (Saudi Arabia species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 276 (Balkans species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 193 (Turkmenistan species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 31 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 172 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 42 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 132 (catalogue); Radchenko, 1995b: 452 (Palaearctic species key); Mackay, 1995: 170 (New World species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 68 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 326 (Saudi Arabia species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 16 (Portugal species key); Terayama, 1999d: 99 (Japan species, review); Shattuck, 1999: 129 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 85 (China, Guangxi species key); Rigato, 2002: 172 (Afrotropical species key); Seifert, 2003a: 292 (C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, C. minutior groups revision, key); Terayama, 2009: 179 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Leptothorax TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 18 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil:
Leptothorax Mayr, 1855: 431. Type-species: Formica acervorum, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 214.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Myrmica clypeata, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1912d: 271; repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79 and Emery, 1924d: 248.]
Leptothorax in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 431 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 57 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 20 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 458 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 122.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 54; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 63; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Emery, 1914a: 42; Arnold, 1916: 257; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 247; subsequent authors to the following.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105; Mackay, 2000: 267.
Junior synonyms of LEPTOTHORAX
Mychothorax Ruzsky, 1904a: 288. Type-species: Formica acervorum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Mychothorax as subgenus of Leptothorax: Ruzsky, 1905b: 609; Emery, 1915g: 24; Emery, 1916b: 176; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679; Emery, 1924d: 260; Creighton, 1950a: 274.
Mychothorax as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Smith, M.R. 1950: 29; Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Bolton, 1982: 319. [Leptothorax and Mychothorax share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Doronomyrmex Kutter, 1945: 485. Type-species: Doronomyrmex pacis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Doronomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini:Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Doronomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Doronomyrmex as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Heinze, 1998: 195; Bolton, 2003: 270.
Genus Leptothorax references
Mayr, 1855: 433 (Austria species key); Mayr, 1861: 58 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 26, 28, 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 426, 428, 456 (Leptothorax, Macromischa, Temnothorax catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 19, 20, 21 (Macromischa, Leptothorax, Temnothorax diagnoses); Mayr, 1868c: 83 (†Baltic Amber species key); André, 1874: 188 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 84 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883a: 293 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1886d: 451 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 70 (Russia species key); Emery, 1891b: 5 (North Africa species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 120, 122 (Macromischa, Leptothorax catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 317 (North America species key); Emery, 1896g: 58 (Neotropical species key); Bingham, 1903: 215 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1903c: 223 (North America species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 570 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 16 (Luxemburg species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 141 (Macromischa species key); Santschi, 1909b: 460 (L. rottenbergi group key); Bondroit, 1910: 496 (Belgium species key); Stitz, 1914: 60 (Central Europe species key); Crawley, 1914: 91 (Britain species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 147 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 176 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Arnold, 1916: 257 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Bondroit, 1918: 117 (France & Belgium species key); Mann, 1920: 408 (Macromischa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677 (Macromischa subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679 (Leptothorax subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 890 (Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1029 (Malagasy catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 245 (Macromischa catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 247 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 249 (L. (Goniothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 251 (L. (Leptothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 259 (L. (Temnothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 260 (L. (Dichothorax) & L. (Mychothorax) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 264 (Symmyrmica review, catalogue); Karavaiev, 1927c: 266 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 163 (Britain species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 38 (Turkestan species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1931b: 31 (Macromischa, Croesomyrmex, Antillaemyrmex checklists); Arnol'di, 1933b: 598 (Russia species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 68 (Israel species key); Karavaiev, 1934: 134 (Ukraine species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1937b: 463 (Macromischa checklist); Menozzi, 1939a: 307 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 158 (Germany species key); Smith, M.R. 1939e: 503 (U.S.A. Macromischa species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 89 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 89 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 369 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 172 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 198 (Norway species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 123 (Czechoslovakia males, key); Buren, 1944a: 286 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 178 (Belgium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 251, 256 (North America Macromischa, Leptothorax species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 110 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1952b: 97 (U.S.A. L. tricarinatus complex, key); Bernard, 1956a: 151 (Western Europe species groups); Kusnezov, 1958c: 266 (subgenera key); Boven, 1959: 8 (Netherlands species key); Gregg, 1963: 380 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 139 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Collingwood, 1964: 99 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 185 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 187 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 224 (Doronomyrmex diagnosis); Boven, 1970b: 20 (Netherlands species key); Arnol'di, 1971: 1824 (Kazakhstan species key); Kempf, 1972a: 132, 135 (Neotropical Leptothorax, Macromischa catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 15 (Macromischa Cuba species key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 5 (Britain species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 83 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 103 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 540 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 83 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 68 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 533 (L. (Macromischa) all species revision, key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1391 (North America catalogue); Buschinger, 1981: 211 (Doronomyrmex review); Allred, 1982: 440 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Bolton, 1982: 319 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species key); Gösswald, 1985: 303 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 51 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 60 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Soyunov, 1988: 29 (former U.S.S.R. Temnothorax species); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 184, 188 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 136 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 349 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 26 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 129 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 52 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 111 (South Siberia species key); Radchenko, 1994d: 146 (Central & Eastern Palaearctic species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 235 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 89 (Sweden species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 347 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 108 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 325 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 13 (Central Europe Doronomyrmex species key); Seifert, 1996b: 119 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 45 (Britain species key); Cagniant & Espadaler, 1997: 260 (Morocco species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 16 (Portugal species key); Terayama & Onoyama, 1999: 73 (Japan species key); Mackay, 2000: 265, 288, 297 (New World L. (Myrafant) species revision key, Mexico & Guatemala species key, species complexes key); Fontenla Rizo, 2001: 15 (Cuba Macromischa species key); Chang & He, 2001b: 1 (northwest China species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 143 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 93 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Bolton, 2003: 270 (genus diagnosis); Lyu & Cho, 2003b: 269 (Korea species key); Radchenko, 2004: 131 (Eastern Palaearctic species, key); Deyrup & Cover, 2004a: 56 (southeast U.S.A. species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 118 (North and Central Europe species key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Nesomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 51 species, 1 subspecies
Fossil: 2 species
Nesomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1910a: 259. Type-species: Nesomyrmex clavipilis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Nesomyrmex is the oldest synonym of Goniothorax Emery (a junior homonym, see below) and hence is the first available replacement name for Goniothorax Emery: Smith, M.R. 1950: 30.]
Nesomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Forel, 1917: 244; subsequent authors to the following.
Nesomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Nesomyrmex as subgenus of Leptothorax: Emery, 1915g: 24; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679; Smith, M.R. 1950: 30; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 816; Kempf, 1959c: 393; Brown, 1971a: 4; Kempf, 1972a: 133; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1391; Mackay, 2000: 272 (in key).
Nesomyrmex as junior synonym of Goniothorax: Emery, 1924d: 249; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 674. [Goniothorax is a junior homonym and hence Nesomyrmex takes priority as first available replacement name.]
Nesomyrmex as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1982: 319; Bolton, 1994: 105; Bolton, 1995b: 39.
Nesomyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1910a: 259; Francoeur & Loiselle, 1988b: 43 (possibly valid); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14 [junior synonyms of Nesomyrmex left behind under Leptothorax]; Jaffe, 1993: 11; Bolton, 2003: 70.
Junior synonyms of NESOMYRMEX
Tetramyrma Forel, 1912m: 766 [as subgenus of Dilobocondyla]. Type-species: Dilobocondyla (Tetramyrma) braunsi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tetramyrma in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Arnold, 1917: 358; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 291; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 732; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Tetramyrma incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1976: 291.
Tetramyrma as subgenus of Dilobocondyla: Forel, 1912m: 766.
Tetramyrma as genus: Forel, 1913a: 122; Arnold, 1917: 358; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 291; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 732; Bolton, 1976: 291.
Tetramyrma as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Tetramyrma as junior synonym of Nesomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 249, 272.
Caulomyrma Forel, 1914d: 233 [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax echinatinodis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Caulomyrma as junior synonym of Nesomyrmex: Forel, 1915c: 364 [provisional]; Emery, 1915g: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679.
Caulomyrma as subgenus of Leptothorax: Forel, 1914d: 233; Forel, 1917: 244.
Caulomyrma as junior synonym of Goniothorax: Emery, 1924d: 249 (incorrect procedure as Goniothorax is a junior homonym for which Nesomyrmex is the first available replacement name; see Smith, M.R. 1950: 30).]
Caulomyrma as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional].
Limnomyrmex Arnold, 1948: 222. Type-species: Limnomyrmex stramineus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Limnomyrmex as junior synonym of Nesomyrmex: Brown, 1971a: 4.
Ireneopone Donisthorpe, 1946d: 242. Type-species: Ireneopone gibber, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Ireneopone in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Donisthorpe, 1946d: 243; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism).
Ireneopone incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1976: 292; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 81.
Ireneopone in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105; Bolton, 1995a: 1050; Bolton, 1995b: 217.
Ireneopone as junior synonym of Nesomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 250, 272.
Meia Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990: 5.
Taxonomic history
[Unnecessary replacement name for Goniothorax Emery, 1896g: 58 (junior homonym of Goniothorax Milne-Edwards, 1879: 103). Nesomyrmex is the first available replacement name for Goniothorax Emery, therefore Meia is automatically a junior synonym of Nesomyrmex: Bolton, 1994: 105.]
Genus Nesomyrmex references
Emery, 1896g: 58 (Neotropical species key); Arnold, 1916: 258 (South Africa species key); Arnold, 1917: 358 (Tetramyrma diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 890, 908 (Afrotropical L. (Goniothorax), Tetramyrma catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1029 (Malagasy L. (Goniothorax) catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 249 (L. (Goniothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 291 (Tetramyrma review, catalogue); Kempf, 1959c: 394 (Neotropical Leptothorax (Nesomyrmex) species revision, key); Kempf, 1972a: 133 (Neotropical Leptothorax (Nesomyrmex) catalogue); Kempf, 1975c: 367 (additions to 1959b key); Bolton, 1982: 319 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 349 (Neotropical catalogue); Bolton, 1995b: 235 (catalogue); Bolton, 2003: 272 (genus diagnosis); Mbanyana & Robertson, 2008: 36 (southern Africa species revision, key).
Homonym replaced by NESOMYRMEX
Goniothorax Emery, 1896g: 58 (diagnosis in key) [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax vicinus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Goniothorax Milne-Edwards, 1879: 103 (Crustacea).]
Goniothorax in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Forel, 1917: 244.
Goniothorax as subgenus of Leptothorax: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679, 890, 1029; Emery, 1924d: 249; Creighton, 1950a: 259.
[Goniomyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 383, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Extant: 335 species, 47 subspecies
Fossil: 7 species
Temnothorax Mayr, 1861: 68. Type-species: Myrmica recedens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Temnothorax in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Temnothorax in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1861: 68 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 21 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 459 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 122.
Temnothorax in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Forel, 1917: 245; Emery, 1924d: 259; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 731.
Temnothorax in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Temnothorax as subgenus of Leptothorax: Forel, 1892i: 315; Dalla Torre, 1893: 122; Ruzsky, 1905b: 607; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Emery, 1915g: 24; Forel, 1915d: 27; Emery, 1916b: 176; Forel, 1917: 245; Bondroit, 1918: 117; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679; Emery, 1924d: 259; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 731.
Temnothorax as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Forel, 1890a: lxxii; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 96; Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Bolton, 1982: 319; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Temnothorax as genus: Bernard, 1967: 185; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 543; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 125; Bolton, 2003: 270.
Junior synonyms of TEMNOTHORAX
Macromischa Roger, 1863a: 184. Type-species: Macromischa purpurata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 166.
Taxonomic history
Macromischa in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 120.
Macromischa in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 56; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Macromischa in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Macromischa in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 245; all subsequent authors.
Macromischa as genus: Roger, 1863a: 184; Mayr, 1865: 19; Dalla Torre, 1893: 120; Emery, 1895j: 769; Emery, 1914a: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 245; subsequent authors except the entries below; Kempf, 1972a: 135; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1390; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14.
Macromischa as subgenus of Leptothorax: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 398; Mackay, 2000: 288 (in key).
Macromischa as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1986: 154; Bolton, 1994: 105; Bolton, 1995b: 34.
Macromischa as junior synonym of Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
Dichothorax Emery, 1895c: 323 [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax (Dichothorax) pergandei, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161.
Taxonomic history
Dichothorax as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Dichothorax as subgenus of Leptothorax: Emery, 1895c: 323; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M.1922a: 679; Emery, 1924d: 260; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 638; Creighton, 1950a: 259; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1395; Mackay, 2000:272 (in key).
Dichothorax as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Bolton, 1982: 319; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Dichothorax as junior synonym of Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
Antillaemyrmex Mann, 1920: 408 [as subgenus of Macromischa]. Type-species: Macromischa (Antillaemyrmex) terricola, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Antillaemyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1931b: 4 (in text), 32.
Antillaemyrmex as junior synonym of Macromischa: Smith, M.R. 1937: 849; Smith, M.R. 1939e: 502; Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 398; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Antillaemyrmex as junior synonym of Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
Croesomyrmex Mann, 1920: 408 [as subgenus of Macromischa]. Type-species: Macromischa (Croesomyrmex) wheeleri, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Croesomyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1931b: 4 (in text), 32.
Croesomyrmex as junior synonym of Macromischa: Smith, M.R. 1937: 849; Smith, M.R. 1939e: 502; Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 398; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Croesomyrmex as junior synonym of Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
Myrmammophilus Menozzi, 1925d: 29 [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax (Myrmammophilus) finzii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmammophilus in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 665.
Myrmammophilus as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Bolton, 1982: 319; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Myrmammophilus as junior synonym of Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
Myrafant Smith, M.R. 1950: 30 [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax curvispinosus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrafant as subgenus of Leptothorax: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 817; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1391; Mackay, 2000: 270.
Myrafant as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Bolton, 1982: 319; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Myrafant as junior synonym of Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
Icothorax Hamann & Klemm, 1967: 415 [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax (Icothorax) megalops, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Icothorax as junior synonym of Chalepoxenus: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13.
Icothorax as junior synonym of Myrafant: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 556; Bolton, 1995b: 32.
Icothorax as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Bolton, 1982: 319; Bolton, 1994: 105.
Icothorax as junior synonym of Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
Genus Temnothorax references
See under LEPTOTHORAX for pre-2003 references. Bolton, 2003: 270 (genus diagnosis). Radchenko, 2004: 131 (Eastern Palaearctic species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 193 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 120 (North and Central Europe species key); Terayama, 2009: 181 (Taiwan species key); Zhou, et al. 2010: 9 (China species key).
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Myrmecina TRUE TRUE FALSE51 species, 1 subspecies
Myrmecina Curtis, 1829: 265. Type-species: Myrmecina latreillii (junior synonym of Formica graminicola), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmecina in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 132.
Myrmecina in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 327; Cresson, 1887: 261.
Myrmecina in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Myrmecina in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 420 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 73 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 21 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 457 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 61.
Myrmecina in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Myrmecina in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 230; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of MYRMECINA
Archaeomyrmex Mann, 1921: 448. Type-species: Archaeomyrmex cacabau, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Archaeomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Archaeomyrmecini: Mann, 1921: 449; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Archaeomyrmex as junior synonym of Myrmecina: Brown, 1971a: 1.
Genus Myrmecina references
Smith, F. 1858b: 132 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 33 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 429 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 21 (diagnosis); André, 1882c: 275 (Europe & Algeria species); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 61 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 197 (diagnosis); Emery, 1916b: 171 (Italy species key); Mann, 1919: 337 (Papuasian species key); Emery, 1924d: 230 (diagnosis, catalogue); Smith, M.R. 1948: 239 (U.S.A. species key); Creighton, 1950a: 246 (North America review); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 117 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 226 (diagnosis); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1399 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 71 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 47 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 54 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 274 (catalogue); Terayama, 1996: 31 (Japan species key); Lin & Wu, 1998: 89 (Taiwan species key); Rigato, 1999: 83 (West Palaearctic species key); Shattuck, 1999: 147 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 138 (China, Guangxi species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Zhou, Huang & Ma, 2008: 285 (China species key); Shattuck, 2009: 3 (Australia species key); Terayama, 2009: 187 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Perissomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE7 species
Perissomyrmex Smith, M.R. 1947i: 281. Type-species: Perissomyrmex snyderi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Perissomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16.
Perissomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Archaeomyrmecini?: Brandão, 1991: 391.
Perissomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Smith, M.R. 1947i: 281; Kempf, 1972a: 182; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Bolton, 1994: 105; Longino & Hartley, 1995: 199.
Genus Perissomyrmex references
Kempf, 1972a: 182 (catalogue); Longino & Hartley, 1995: 195 (review); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 316 (catalogue); Radchenko, 2003: 18 (all species revision, key); Zhou & Huang, 2006: 189 (China species, key); Ogata & Okido, 2007: 358 (all species revision, key).
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Pristomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE57 species
Pristomyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 903. Type-species: Pristomyrmex pungens (junior synonym of Myrmica punctata) by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicidae: Mayr, 1866b: 903.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 62.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 233; all subsequent authors except the entries below; Bolton, 1994: 105; Bolton, 2003: 71.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Bernard, 1953b: 251.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16.
Junior synonyms of PRISTOMYRMEX
Odontomyrmex André, 1905: 207. Type-species: Odontomyrmex quadridentatus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Odontomyrmex as subgenus of Pristomyrmex: Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 682; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 121 (anachronism).
Odontomyrmex as junior synonym of Pristomyrmex: Mann, 1919: 341; Emery, 1924d: 233; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676; Brown, 1953c: 9; Taylor, 1965b: 35; Bolton, 1981b: 282.
Hylidris Weber, 1941a: 190. Type-species: Hylidris myersi (junior synonym of Pristomyrmex africanus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hylidris in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Weber, 1941a: 183; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 651.
Hylidris as junior synonym of Pristomyrmex: Brown, 1953c: 9.
Dodous Donisthorpe, 1946f: 145. Type-species: Dodous trispinosus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dodous in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1946f: 145.
Dodous as junior synonym of Pristomyrmex: Brown, 1971a: 3.
Genus Pristomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 62 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 696 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 193 (diagnosis); Emery, 1924d: 233 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 121, 161 (Asia Pristomyrmex, Dodous checklists); Taylor, 1965b: 37 (Australia species revision, key); Taylor, 1968c: 63 (supplement to previous); Bolton, 1981b: 282 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species revision, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 85 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 64 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 57 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 365 (catalogue); Lin & Wu, 1998: 94 (Taiwan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 159 (Australia synopsis); Xu & Zhang, 2002: 69 (China species key); Wang, M. 2003: 393 (all species revision, key); Zettell, 2006: 65 (Philippines species, key); Terayama, 2009: 190 (Taiwan species key).
Genera incertae sedis in Myrmecinini
Myrmicinae Melissotarsini Rhopalomastix TRUE TRUE FALSE6 species, 2 subspecies
Rhopalomastix Forel, 1900a: 24. Type-species: Rhopalomastix rothneyi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Rhopalomastix in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Rhopalomastix in Myrmicinae, Melissotarsini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 118; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Genus Rhopalomastix references
Emery, 1922e: 118 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1929d: 95 (review of genus); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 111 (Asia checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 86 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 66 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 377 (catalogue); Xu, 1999: 130 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 161 (Australia synopsis).
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 72 species
Fossil: 2 species
Amblyopone Erichson, 1842: 260. Type-species: Amblyopone australis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopone in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 108; Smith, F. 1871a: 324.
Amblyopone in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
Amblyopone in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162; Clark, 1951: 15 (in key).
Amblyopone in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Amblyopone in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895c: 261; Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 25; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 621; Brown, 1953c: 11; all subsequent authors to the following.
Amblyopone in Amblyoponinae, Amblyoponini: Bolton, 2003: 42, 154.
Junior synonyms of AMBLYOPONE
Stigmatomma Roger, 1859: 250. Type-species: Stigmatomma denticulatum, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 36.
Taxonomic history
Stigmatomma in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1861: 53 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 14.
Stigmatomma in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 110 [Amblyoponeridae]
Stigmatomma in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Stigmatomma in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 23; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641.
Stigmatomma as subgenus of Amblyopone: Forel, 1900c: 55; Clark, 1934b: 27; Brown, 1949c: 87.
Stigmatomma as genus: Roger, 1859: 250; Dalla Torre, 1893: 14; Emery, 1895j: 766; Bingham, 1903: 36; Emery, 1911d: 23; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; Borgmeier, 1923: 52; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728; Creighton, 1950a: 31; Kusnezov, 1956: 12.
Stigmatomma as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Mayr, 1887: 546; Brown, 1960a: 155; all subsequent authors.
Arotropus Provancher, 1881a: 205. Type-species: Arotropus binodosus (junior synonym of Typhlopone pallipes), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Arotropus as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Provancher, 1887: 240; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Amblyopopone Dalla Torre, 1893: 13, unjustified emendation of Amblyopone.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Forel, 1893a: 166; Emery, 1911d: 25.
Amblyopopona Schulz, W.A. 1906: 154, unjustified emendation of Amblyopone.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopopona as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Bolton, 1994: 164.
Xymmer Santschi, 1914d: 311 [as subgenus of Stigmatomma]. Type-species: Stigmatomma (Xymmer) muticum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xymmer as subgenus of Stigmatomma: Santschi, 1914d: 311; Forel, 1917: 235; Emery, 1919c: 106; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737.
Xymmer as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641 (in key).
Xymmer as subgenus of Amblyopone: Clark, 1934b: 27.
Xymmer as junior synonym of Stigmatomma: Brown, 1949c: 87.
Xymmer as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 155.
Fulakora Mann, 1919: 279 [as subgenus of Stigmatomma]. Type-species: Stigmatomma (Fulakora) celata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Fulakora as junior synonym of Stigmatomma: Brown, 1949c: 88.
Fulakora as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 155.
Neoamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1 [as subgenus of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Neoamblyopone) clarki, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Neoamblyopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1949c: 87; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Protamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1 [as subgenus of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Protamblyopone) aberrans, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Protamblyopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1949c: 87; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Lithomyrmex Clark, 1928a: 30. Type-species: Lithomyrmex glauerti, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Lithomyrmex in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Clark, 1928a: 30.
Lithomyrmex as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 156.
Ericapelta Kusnezov, 1955: 273. Type-species: Ericapelta egregia, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ericapelta as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 156.
Genus Amblyopone references
Roger, 1863b: 20 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 16 (Amblyopone, Stigmatomma diagnoses); André, 1882c: 233 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 259 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 13, 14 (Amblyopone, Stigmatomma catalogues); Forel, 1900c: 55 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 37 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Stigmatomma species key); Emery, 1911d: 23 (Stigmatomma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 25 (diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1915a: 55 (Mediterranean species key); Emery, 1916b: 100 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 80 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 758 (Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 3 (Austral & New Guinea species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 22, 24 (Asia Amblyopone, Stigmatomma checklists); Brown, 1958h: 11 (New Zealand species); Brown, 1960a: 155, 191 (diagnosis & review of genus, New World species key); Kempf, 1972a: 19 (Neotropical catalogue); Baroni Urbani, 1978a: 41 (Mediterranean species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1334 (North America catalogue); Taylor, 1979: 824 (Melanesia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 18 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 6 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 8 (Japan species key); Terayama, 1989b: 345 (Taiwan species key); Tinaut, 1990d: 189 (Iberian Peninsula species); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 173 (Turkmenistan species key); Lattke, 1991c: 6 (New World species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 61 (Bulgaria species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1047 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 61 (catalogue); Onoyama, 1999: 190 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 179 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001d: 552 (East & South Asia species key); Lacau & Delabie, 2002: 40 (Neotropical species key); Xu, 2006: 152 (China species key); Arias-Penna, 2008a: 43 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 93 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 131 (south-western Australia species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 94 species
Fossil: 8 species
Anochetus Mayr, 1861: 53. Type-species: Odontomachus ghilianii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anochetus in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 712; Mayr, 1865: 11.
Anochetus in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Anochetus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1861: 53 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 47.
Anochetus in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 768; Forel, 1899c: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 106; Arnold, 1915: 103; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 623; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31; Wilson, 1959a: 483; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Jaffe, 1993: 8.
Anochetus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Brown, 1976a: 71; Brown, 1978c: 550 [subtribe Odontomachiti]; Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 159.
Junior synonyms of ANOCHETUS
Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 711. Type-species: Myrmecia emarginata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 173.
Taxonomic history
Stenomyrmex in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 711; Mayr, 1865: 11.
Stenomyrmex in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Stenomyrmex as subgenus of Anochetus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 47; Forel, 1893a: 163; Dalla Torre, 1893: 47; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 110; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Borgmeier, 1923: 76; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728; Kempf, 1972a: 21.
Stenomyrmex as junior synonym of Anochetus: Forel, 1887: 382; Brown, 1978c: 552; all subsequent authors.
Myrmapatetes Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 6. Type-species: Myrmapatetes filicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmapatetes in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 7; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Myrmapatetes as junior synonym of Anochetus: Brown, 1953h: 2.
Genus Anochetus references
Roger, 1863b: 21, 22 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 11 (Anochetus, Stenomyrmex diagnoses); André, 1882b: 230 (Europe & Algeria species); Emery, 1884a: 378 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 47 (catalogue); Emery, 1894c: 185 (Neotropical species key); Forel, 1900c: 58 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 39 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 107 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 103 (South Africa species key); Gallardo, 1918b: 90 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1919: 303 (New Guinea & Solomon Is species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 96, 790, 1012 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 9 (Stenomyrmex species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 39 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1959a: 503 (Melanesia & Moluccas species, revision, key); Kempf, 1964f: 244 (A. (Stenomyrmex) species key); Kempf, 1972a: 20 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1978c: 552, 565, 569, 571 (diagnosis & review of genus, Malesian species, Austral, Palaearctic, Afrotropical & Malagasy species, Neotropical species keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 20 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 7 (Australia checklist); Terayama, 1989a: 26 (Taiwan species key); Brandão, 1991: 324 (Neotropical catalogue); Wang, M. 1993a: 226 (China species key); De Andrade, 1994: 24 (†Dominican Amber species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 63 (catalogue); Gronenberg & Ehmer, 1996: 183 (mandible morphology); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 309 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 181 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 29 (China, Guangxi species key); Kugler, J. & Ionescu, 2007: 298 (Mediterraean & Middle East species key); Fisher & Smith, 2008: 4 (Malagasy species revision, key); González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008: 98 (Argentina & Paraguay species key); Zabala, in Fernández, 2008: 125 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 117 (Taiwan species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Hypoponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 142 species, 26 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Hypoponera Santschi, 1938b: 79 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-species: Ponera abeillei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hypoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 652; all subsequent authors.
Hypoponera as subgenus of Ponera: Santschi, 1938b: 79.
Hypoponera as genus: Taylor, 1967a: 9; all subsequent authors.
Genus Hypoponera references
[References prior to 1967, see under PONERA.]
Taylor, 1967a: 9 (Hypoponera diagnosis, discussion); Kempf, 1972a: 121 (Neotropical catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 7 (Cuba species key); Kutter, 1977c: 24 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 524 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1342 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 31 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 29 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 265 (Balkans species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 25 (Japan species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 176 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 347 (Neotropical catalogue); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 69 (Bulgaria species key); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 213 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 40 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 311 (Saudi Arabia species key); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 148 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 187 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 2003: 162 (synopsis); Terayama, 2009: 113 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 133 (south-western Australia species key); Bolton & Fisher, 2011: 17, 23 (Afrotropical and West Palaearctic, all species revision, keys).
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 216 species, 31 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Leptogenys Roger, 1861a: 41. Type-species: Leptogenys falcigera, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 52.
Taxonomic history
Leptogenys in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 46; Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 14 [Poneridae].
Leptogenys in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1899c: 17; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 97; Arnold, 1915: 89; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 84; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 652; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 656; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Leptogenys in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 304; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Brown, 1963: 3; Kempf, 1972a: 129; Jaffe, 1993: 8; Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 163.
Junior synonyms of LEPTOGENYS
Lobopelta Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 733. Type-species: Ponera diminuta, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 54.
Taxonomic history
Lobopelta in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 43.
Lobopelta in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 101; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 658.
Lobopelta as genus: Mayr, 1862: 733; Cresson, 1887: 258; Dalla Torre, 1893: 43; Bingham, 1903: 54.
Lobopelta as subgenus of Leptogenys: Forel, 1892k: 520; Forel, 1899c: 18; Forel, 1900d: 304; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 101; Arnold, 1915: 95; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 85; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Wheeler, W.M. 1923d: 1; Borgmeier, 1923: 75; Creighton, 1950a: 50; Kempf, 1972a: 131; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1343 (anachronism).
Lobopelta as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Emery, 1896e: 177 (footnote); Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1975a: 240; Bolton, 2003: 163.
Prionogenys Emery, 1895g: 348. Type-species: Prionogenys podenzanai, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Prionogenys in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135;
Prionogenys in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 106; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 652; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 685; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Prionogenys as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1988: 33.
Machaerogenys Emery, 1911d: 100 [as subgenus of Leptogenys]. Type-species: Leptogenys truncatirostris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Machaerogenys as subgenus of Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 100; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; subsequent authors to the following.
Machaerogenys as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Odontopelta Emery, 1911d: 101 [as subgenus of Leptogenys]. Type-species: Leptogenys turneri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontopelta as subgenus of Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 101; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 677.
Odontopelta as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 390; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 32.
Dorylozelus Forel, 1915b: 24. Type-species: Dorylozelus mjobergi (junior secondary homonym in Leptogenys, replaced by Leptogenys tricosa), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dorylozelus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1917: 238.
Dorylozelus in Ponerinae, Dorylozelini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 646; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640.
Dorylozelus incertae sedis in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Brown, 1960a: 181.
Dorylozelus as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1969: 132; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Microbolbos Donisthorpe, 1948f: 170. Type-species: Microbolbos testaceus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Microbolbos as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Wilson, 1955c: 136; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Genus Leptogenys references
Roger, 1863b: 19 (Lobopelta, Leptogenys catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 426, 427 (Leptogenys, Lobopelta catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 14, 15 (Leptogenys, Lobopelta diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 89 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1879: 664 (Lobopelta species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 43, 46 (Lobopelta, Leptogenys catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 304 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 52, 55 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Leptogenys, Lobopelta species keys); Emery, 1911d: 97 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 89, 95 (diagnosis, South Africa L. (Leptogenys) & L. (Lobopelta) species keys); Mann, 1919: 298 (Papuasia L. (Leptogenys) species key); Mann, 1921: 426 (Fiji L. (Lobopelta) species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 93, 786, 1010 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1923d: 14 (New World L. (Lobopelta) species key); Creighton, 1950a: 51 (North America L. (Lobopelta) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1958a: 113 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Wilson, 1958a: 136 (New Caledonia species key); Kempf, 1972a: 129 (Neotropical catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 8 (Cuba species key); Bolton, 1975a: 239 (diagnosis, review of genus); Bolton, 1975a: 244 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Bolton, 1975a: 293 (Malagasy species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1343 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 32, 39 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 34, 64 (Australia, New Caledonia checklists); Trager & Johnson, 1988: 30 (U.S.A. species key); Brandão, 1991: 349 (Neotropical catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 229 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 41 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 189 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2000a: 118 (China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 39 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 163 (synopsis); Lattke, in Fernández, 2008: 145 (Colombia species, review); Terayama, 2009: 115 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 133 (south-western Australia species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontomachus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 66 species
Fossil: 2 species
Odontomachus Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica haematoda, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontomachus in Ponérites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185.
Odontomachus in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1857a: 64; Smith, F. 1858b: 76.
Odontomachus in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 711; Mayr, 1865: 11; Smith, F. 1871a: 319.
Odontomachus in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 49.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 768; Forel, 1895b: 118; Forel, 1899c: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 111; Arnold, 1915: 108; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 93; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 42; Kempf, 1972a: 170; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Jaffe, 1993: 8.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Brown, 1976a: 70 [subtribe Odontomachiti]; Bolton, 1994: 164.
Junior synonyms of ODONTOMACHUS
Pedetes Bernstein, 1861: 7. Type-species: Pedetes macrorhynchus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pedetes as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 51; all subsequent authors.
Champsomyrmex Emery, 1892d: 558 (footnote). Type-species: Odontomachus coquereli, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Champsomyrmex in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 49.
Champsomyrmex in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Champsomyrmex in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Emery, 1895j: 768; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632.
Champsomyrmex as subgenus of Odontomachus: Forel, 1893a: 163 (misspelled as Thempsomyrmex); Forel, 1917: 238.
Champsomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1892d: 558 (footnote); Dalla Torre, 1893: 49; Emery, 1911d: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653.
Champsomyrmex as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Brown, 1976a: 96.
Myrtoteras Matsumura, 1912: 191. Type-species: Myrtoteras kuroiwae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrtoteras in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 672.
Myrtoteras as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Brown, 1976a: 96.
Genus Odontomachus references
Roger, 1863b: 21 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 436 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 11 (diagnosis); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1892d: 559 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 49 (catalogue); Forel, 1900c: 57 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 47 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 111 (diagnosis, catalogue); Gallardo, 1918b: 95 (Argentina species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 99, 792, 1013 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Creighton, 1950a: 55 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 42 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1959a: 485 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Kempf, 1962b: 17 (Neotropical species key); Kempf, 1972a: 170 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1976a: 111, 114, 117 (New World species, Malesian & Austral species, Afrotropical & Malagasy species keys); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1344 (North America catalogue); Deyrup, Trager & Carlin, 1985: 188 (Southeastern U.S.A. species, review); Brown, 1978b: 281 (supplement to Brown, 1976a); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 36 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 48 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Wang, M. 1993: 220 (China species key); De Andrade, 1994: 24 (†Dominican Amber species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 294 (catalogue); Gronenberg, 1995: 391 (mandible morphology); Shattuck, 1999: 194 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 25 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 164 (synopsis); Deyrup & Cover, 2004b: 141 (U.S.A. species key); Yoshimura, Onoyama & Ogata, 2007: 89 (Japan species key); Fisher & Smith, 2008: 13 (Malagasy species revision, key); Rodríguez, in Fernández, 2008: 151 (Neotropical species key); Sorger & Zettel, 2011: 143 (Philippines species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 252 species, 62 subspecies
Fossil: 12 species
Pachycondyla Smith, F. 1858b: 105. Type-species: Formica crassinoda, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1901a: 42.
Taxonomic history
Pachycondyla in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 105; Smith, 1871a: 324.
Pachycondyla in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 32.
Pachycondyla in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Pachycondyla in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1895b: 114; Forel, 1899c: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 73 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 53; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of PACHYCONDYLA
Bothroponera Mayr, 1862: 713 (diagnosis in key), 717. Type-species: Ponera pumicosa, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1901a: 42.
Taxonomic history
Bothroponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35.
Bothroponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Bothroponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 75 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Bothroponera as subgenus of Ponera: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 325.
Bothroponera as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 75; Arnold, 1915: 55; Forel, 1917: 237; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 628.
Bothroponera as genus: Mayr, 1862: 717; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35; Bingham, 1903: 95; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 299 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 67; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49; Bernard, 1953b: 187; Taylor, 1987a: 9; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 21; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Bothroponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Megaponera Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 734. Type-species: Formica foetens (junior primary homonym in Formica, replaced by Formica analis), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Megaponera in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 30; Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae].
Megaponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Megaponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 67 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 46; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors to the following.
Megaponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
[Megaloponera Roger, 1863b: 17, incorrect subsequent spelling; misspelling repeated by several authors, for example Emery, 1877b: 368; Forel, 1917: 237.]
Paltothyreus Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 735. Type-species: Formica tarsata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paltothyreus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 32.
Paltothyreus in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Paltothyreus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 62 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 43; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Paltothyreus as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Ectomomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 83. Type-species: Ectomomyrmex javanus, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 85.
Taxonomic history
Ectomomyrmex in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 30.
Ectomomyrmex in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ectomomyrmex in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 321; Emery, 1911d: 78 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Ectomomyrmex as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 78; Arnold, 1915: 53; Forel, 1917: 237.
Ectomomyrmex as genus: Mayr, 1867a: 83; Dalla Torre, 1893: 30; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Forel, 1900d: 321; Bingham, 1903: 85; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 60; Brown, 1963: 9; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 29; Taylor, 1987a: 26; Ogata, 1987: 112.
Ectomomyrmex as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
[Ectomyrmex Donisthorpe, 1943f: 641, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Ophthalmopone Forel, 1890b: cxii. Type-species: Ophthalmopone berthoudi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ophthalmopone in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 31.
Ophthalmopone in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ophthalmopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 69 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 49; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Ophthalmopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Euponera Forel, 1891b: 126 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-species: Ponera (Euponera) sikorae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Euponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 79 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 37; Arnold, 1915: 63; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Euponera as subgenus of Ponera: Forel, 1891b: 126; Emery, 1895j: 767.
Euponera as genus: Emery, 1901a: 46; Emery, 1909c: 364; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 79; Arnold, 1915: 63; Forel, 1917: 237; Gallardo, 1918b: 64; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Borgmeier, 1923: 70; Clark, 1934b: 30; Creighton, 1950a: 44; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 63; Bernard, 1953b: 189; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11.
Euponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Cryptopone Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-species: Cryptopone testacea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Cryptopone also described as new by Emery, 1893f: 240. Type-species not Amblyopone testacea, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161, repeated in Emery, 1911d: 88, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 780, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 636, Kempf, 1972a: 90 and Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 28; see discussion in Wilson, 1958d: 360.]
Cryptopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 88 [subtribe Ponerini]; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 650; all subsequent authors.
Cryptopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 3.
Pseudoponera Emery, 1900c: 314 [as subgenus of Pachycondyla]. Type-species: Ponera quadridentata (junior synonym of Formica stigma), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Pseudoponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 42. Type-species not Ponera amblyops, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 42; repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 171, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 779; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723.]
Pseudoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Pseudoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 86 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 238; all subsequent authors.
Pseudoponera as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1900c: 314; Emery, 1901a: 42.
Pseudoponera as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1900c: 141; Forel, 1900e: 398; Emery, 1909c: 364; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Pseudoponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 91; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 86; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 74.
Pseudoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Brachyponera Emery, 1900c: 315 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Euponera (Brachyponera) croceicornis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Brachyponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species not Ponera sennaarensis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 43, repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160, Emery, 1911d: 84, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 777, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 628, Wilson, 1958d: 346; Bolton, 1973a: 335; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23.]
Brachyponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Brachyponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 83; all subsequent authors.
Brachyponera as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1900c: 315; Emery, 1909c: 366; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 83; Arnold, 1915: 72; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; subsequent authors to the following.
Brachyponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 101; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wilson, 1958d: 346; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Taylor, 1987a: 9; Ogata, 1987: 116; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Brachyponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389 [provisional]; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Mesoponera Emery, 1900d: 668 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Ponera melanaria, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Mesoponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species not Ponera caffraria, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 43, repeated by Emery, 1911d: 81, Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 775, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 661, Wilson, 1958d: 349; Kempf, 1972a: 141, Bolton, 1973a: 338; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 35.]
Mesoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Mesoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 80; all subsequent authors.
Mesoponera as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1900d: 668; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 80; Arnold, 1915: 64; Forel, 1917: 237; Gallardo, 1918b: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Borgmeier, 1923: 71; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 661; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 64; Bernard, 1953b: 190.
Mesoponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 99; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wilson, 1958d: 349; Kempf, 1972a: 141; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 34; Taylor, 1987a: 39; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Mesoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Eumecopone Forel, 1901e: 335 [as subgenus of Neoponera]. Type-species: Neoponera (Eumecopone) agilis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eumecopone as subgenus of Neoponera: Forel, 1901e: 335; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 71; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; subsequent authors to the following.
Eumecopone junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Hagensia Forel, 1901f: 333 [as subgenus of Megaloponera (sic)]. Type-species: Megaloponera (Hagensia) havilandi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hagensia in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 69 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; all subsequent authors.
Hagensia as subgenus of Megaponera: Forel, 1901f: 333; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 61.
Hagensia as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1917: 237.
Hagensia as genus: Arnold, 1926: 202; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 648; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11.
Hagensia as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Neoponera Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species: Formica villosa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Neoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 70 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Neoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Trachymesopus Emery, 1911d: 84 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Formica stigma, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Trachymesopus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 84; all subsequent authors.
Trachymesopus as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1911d: 84; Arnold, 1915: 74; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Borgmeier, 1923: 72; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 733; Creighton, 1950a: 46; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 65; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 786; Bernard, 1953b: 195.
Trachymesopus as genus: Wilson, 1958d: 352; Kempf, 1960f: 423; Brown, 1963: 6; Kempf, 1972a: 251; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 52; Ogata, 1987: 114; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Trachymesopus as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164.
Trachymesopus as junior synonym of Pseudoponera: Bolton, 1995b: 48 (because of synonymous type-species); Bolton, 2003: 168.
[Trachyponera Santschi, 1928a: 43, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Xiphopelta Forel, 1913a: 108 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-species: Ponera (Xiphopelta) arnoldi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xiphopelta as subgenus of Ponera: Forel, 1913a: 108; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737.
Xiphopelta as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1917: 237; Emery, 1919c: 106; Bernard, 1953b: 191.
Xiphopelta as junior synonym of Mesoponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 775; all subsequent authors to the following.
Xiphopelta as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
[Hiphopelta Forel, 1913a: 108, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Termitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 159. Type-species: Ponera laevigata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Termitopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 731.
Termitopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Syntermitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 169 [as subgenus of Termitopone.] Type-species: Ponera commutata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Syntermitopone as subgenus of Termitopone: Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 169.
Syntermitopone as genus: Kusnezov, 1956: 15.
Syntermitopone as junior synonym of Termitopone: Borgmeier, 1959a: 312.
Syntermitopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Wadeura Weber, 1939a: 102. Type-species: Wadeura guianensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Wadeura in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Wadeura as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Pseudoneoponera Donisthorpe, 1943d: 439. Type-species: Pseudoneoponera verecundae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudoneoponera in Ponerinae, Pseudoneoponerini: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 77.
Pseudoneoponera as junior synonym of Bothroponera: Wilson, 1958d: 361.
Pseudoneoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Genus Pachycondyla references
Mayr, 1862: 719 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 16, 17, 18 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 397, 428, 439, 440 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13, 15 (Bothroponera, Pachycondyla, Megaponera, Paltothyreus diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (Bothroponera diagnosis); Mayr, 1870a: 396 (Colombia + Panama (= New Grenada) species key); Emery, 1887b: 18 (footnote) (Asia & Australia Bothroponera species key); Emery, 1890a: 71 (Neotropical species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 30, 31, 32, 35 (Ectomomyrmex, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Paltothyreus, Pachycondyla, Bothroponera catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 321 (India & Sri Lanka Ectomomyrmex species key); Bingham, 1903: 86, 91, 96, 101 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Ectomomyrmex, Pseudoponera, Bothroponera, Brachyponera species keys); Emery, 1911d: 62 (Paltothyreus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 67 (Megaponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 69 (Megaponera (Hagensia) and Ophthalmopone diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 70 (Neoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 73 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 75 (P. (Bothroponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 78 (P. (Ectomomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 80 (Euponera diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 80 (Euponera (Mesoponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 83 (Euponera (Brachyponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 84 (Euponera (Trachymesopus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 86 (Pseudoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 88 (Cryptopone diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 43, 46, 49, 53, 63 (Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Pachycondyla, Euponera diagnoses); Arnold, 1915: 50, 55, 64 (South Africa Ophthalmopone, Bothroponera, Euponera (Mesoponera) species keys); Gallardo, 1918b: 56, 66 (Argentina Neoponera, Mesoponera, keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 72 (Afrotropical Bothroponera species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 60, 63, 69, 81 (Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Bothroponera, Euponera diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 763, 766, 768, 769, 774, 780 (Afrotropical Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Bothroponera, Ectomomyrmex, Euponera, Pseudoponera, Cryptopone catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1007, 1008 (Malagasy Bothroponera, Euponera catalogues); Arnold, 1926: 203 (South Africa Hagensia species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 5 (Cryptopone all species key); Santschi, 1935b: 259 (Africa Mesoponera, key); Creighton, 1950a: 45 (North America Euponera species key); Arnold, 1951: 53 (Hagensia species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49, 52, 60, 63, 74 (Asia Bothroponera, Cryptopone, Ectmomomyrmex, Euponera, Pseudoponera checklists); Arnold, 1952a: 461 (South Africa Bothroponera, key); Bernard, 1953b: 191 (Guinea Euponera (Xiphopelta) species key); Brown, 1958h: 20 (New Zealand species); Wilson, 1958d: 346, 357, 362 (Melanesia Brachyponera, Cryptopone, Ectomomyrmex species keys); Kempf, 1961b: 192 (Brazil species key); Brown, 1963: 6, 9 (reviews of Cryptopone, Trachymesopus & Ectomomyrmex); Kempf, 1964e: 51 (Neotropical Pachycondyla species key); Kusnezov, 1969: 36 (Argentina Neoponera species key); Kempf, 1972a: 90, 141, 160, 174, 248, 251, 257 (Neotropical Cryptopone, Mesoponera, Neoponera, Pachycondyla, Termitopone, Trachymesopus, Wadeura catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 7 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1339, 1341 (North America, Pachycondyla, Brachyponera, Cryptopone catalogues); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 21, 23, 28, 29, 34, 34, 52 (Australia, catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 9, 23, 26, 39, 80 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 18 (Japan Ectomomyrmex, Cryptopone, Brachyponera, Trachymesopus species key); Brandão, 1991: 354, 360, 365, 381, 382 (Neotropical catalogue); Xu, 1994b: 182 (China Brachyponera species key); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 166, 302 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 45 (China species key); Xu, 1995b: 104 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 310 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla Saudi Arabia species key); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 147 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 182, 196 (Australia Cryptopone, Pachycondyla fauna synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 35, 49 (China, Guangxi Cryptopone, Pachycondyla species keys); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 424 (wingless female fossils, diagnosis); Wild, 2002: 4 (Paraguay species key); Bolton, 2003: 161, 165 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla synopses); Wild, 2005: 5 (P. apicalis complex key); Yamane, 2007: 652 (P. nigrita species group key); Mackay, Mackay, Fernández & Arias-Penna, in Fernández, 2008: 172 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 105, 108 (Taiwan Pachycondyla, Cryptopone species keys); Heterick, 2009: 134 (south-western Australia species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 26, 107 (New World Pachycondyla species revision, species complexes key and species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 52 species
Fossil: 5 species
Ponera Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica coarctata, by subsequent designation of Westwood, 1840a: 83 (see discussion in Taylor, 1967a: 6).
Taxonomic history
Ponera in Ponérites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 188.
Ponera in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 83; Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Ponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1855: 386 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 65 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1861: 54 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 37.
Ponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1899c: 15; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 88 [subtribe Ponerini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 38; Arnold, 1915: 77; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 650; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of PONERA
Pseudocryptopone Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 12. Type-species: Cryptopone tenuis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocryptopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722.
Pseudocryptopone as junior synonym of Ponera: Wilson, 1957b: 356.
Selenopone Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 19. Type-species: Ponera selenophora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Selenopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 725.
Selenopone as junior synonym of Ponera: Wilson, 1957b: 356.
Pteroponera Bernard, 1950a: 3. Type-species: Pteroponera sysphinctoides, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pteroponera as junior synonym of Ponera: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164.
Genus Ponera references
[References before Taylor, 1967a refer to both Ponera and Hypoponera.]
Mayr, 1855: 386 (diagnosis); Smith, F. 1858b: 83 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1862: 721 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 16 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 447 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 85 (diagnosis); Forel, 1874: 64 (Switzerland species key); Mayr, 1879: 661 (all species key); André, 1882c: 239 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 37 (catalogue); Emery, 1895b: 60 (Mediterranean species key); Emery, 1896g: 53 (New World species key); Emery, 1900c: 316 (Australia, Papuasia & Oceania species key); Forel, 1900d: 322 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 89 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1909c: 367 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1911d: 88 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 76 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1916b: 107 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 81 (France & Belgium species key); Gallardo, 1918b: 73 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1921: 419 (Fiji species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 780, 1009 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Menozzi, 1931b: 266 (Costa Rica species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 13 (Pseudocryptopone species key); Smith, M.R. 1936: 420 (North America species key); Stitz, 1939: 58 (Germany species key); Creighton, 1950a: 47 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 68, 73, 74 (Asia Ponera, Pseudocryptopone, Selenopone checklists); Bernard, 1953b: 197 (West Africa species key); Wilson, 1957b: 359, 376 (P. tenuis, P. selenophora groups revisions, keys); Wilson, 1958d: 323, 343 (Melanesia & Moluccas species, Fiji species revisions, keys); Brown, 1958h: 22 (New Zealand species); Taylor, 1960: 180 (P. leae complex, key); Taylor, 1964: 139 (†fossil species, review); Taylor, 1967a: 18 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bernard, 1967: 83 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1341 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 38 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 63 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand, checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 22 (Japan species key); Perrault, 1993: 337 (addition to Taylor, 1967a key); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 360 (catalogue); Terayama, 1996: 14 (Japan species key); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 149 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 199 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001a: 52 and Xu, 2001c: 218 (China species keys); Zhou, 2001b: 37 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 170 (synopsis); Yoshimura, Hosoishi, et al. 2009: 200 (Japan species key); Terayama, 2009: 109 (Taiwan species key).
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 78 species
Fossil: 5 species
Proceratium Roger, 1863a: 171. Type-species: Proceratium silaceum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Proceratium in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1865: 12 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 18.
Proceratium in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1895b: 111.
Proceratium in Dorylinae, Proceratiini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Proceratium in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Brown, 1958g: 241; Kempf, 1972a: 211; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1338; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10; Bolton, 1994: 164.
Proceratium in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 50; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Jaffe, 1993: 8; Lattke, 1994: 112.
Proceratium in Proceratiinae, Proceratiini: Bolton, 2003: 49, 179.
Junior synonym of PROCERATIUM
Sysphingta Roger, 1863a: 175. Type-species: Sysphingta micrommata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sysphingta in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1865: 12 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 18.
Sysphingta in Dorylinae, Proceratiini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Sysphingta in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 50; Arnold, 1915: 34; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 730.
Sysphingta as genus: Emery, 1895c: 262; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Creighton, 1950a: 40.
Sysphingta as junior synonym of Proceratium: Mayr, 1886d: 437; Dalla Torre, 1893: 18; Brown, in Borgmeier, 1957: 118; Brown, 1958g: 241; all subsequent authors.
[Sysphincta Mayr, 1865: 12 (and most subsequent authors), incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Genus Proceratium references
Roger, 1863b: 16, 21 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 451, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 12 (Sysphingta, Proceratium diagnoses); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 18 (catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 50 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 50 (Sysphingta diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 34 (Sysphingta diagnosis); Emery, 1916b: 103 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 761 (Afrotropical catalogue); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 58, 88 (West Palaearctic species key); Creighton, 1950a: 39, 41 (North America Proceratium, Sysphingta species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 77 (Asia Proceratium, Sysphingta checklists); Brown, 1958g: 241 (review of genus); Bernard, 1967: 81 (diagnosis); Snelling, R.R. 1967: 8 (New World species key); Kempf, 1972a: 211 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1974a: 81 (species notes); Baroni Urbani, 1977d: 91 (European species, synopsis); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1338 (North America catalogue); Brown, 1980b: 342 (New World species key); Terron, 1981: 102 (Afrotropical species notes); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 39 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 65 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264 (Balkans species key); Ward, 1988: 116 (New World species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 14 (Japan species key); Brandão, 1991: 373 (Neotropical catalogue); Lattke, 1994: 113 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 366 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 203 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2000c: 434 (China species key); Onoyama & Yoshimura, 2002: 31 (Japan species key); Bolton, 2003: 179 (synopsis); Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 40 (diagnosis, all species revision, keys; Palaearctic species key: 445; Indomalayan species key: 447; Oceanean species key: 449; Afrotropical species key: 451; Nearctic and Neotropical species key: 452; world species key: 456); Xu, 2006: 153 (China species key); Sosa-Calvo & Longino, 2008: 228 (Neotropical species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2009: 13 (Malagasy males diagnosis); Terayama, 2009: 97 (Taiwan species key).
Leptanillinae Anomalomyrmini Protanilla TRUE TRUE FALSE6 species
Protanilla Taylor, in Bolton, 1990b: 279. Type-species: Protanilla rafflesi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Protanilla in Leptanillinae: Anomalomyrmini: Bolton, 1990b: 279; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 12; Kugler, C. 1992: 107; Bolton, 1994: 70; Bolton, 2003: 152.
Genus Protanilla references
Bolton, 1995b: 369 (catalogue); Xu & Zhang, 2002: 140 (China species key); Xu, 2002a: 118 (China species key) ; Borowiec, et al. 2011: 10 (diagnosis).
Leptanillinae Leptanillini Leptanilla TRUE TRUE FALSE43 species
Leptanilla Emery, 1870: 196. Type-species: Leptanilla revelierii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Leptanilla in Dorylinae: Emery, 1870: 196 [Dorylidae]; Emery, 1904a: 116.
Leptanilla in Myrmicinae: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; André, 1882c: 268 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Leptanilla in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769.
Leptanilla in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Leptanilla in Dorylinae, Leptanillini: Emery, 1910b: 32; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 138; Forel, 1917: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 636.
Leptanilla in Leptanillinae, Leptanillini: Wheeler, W.M. 1923f: 335; Wheeler, G.C. 1928: 89; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 656; Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 433; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Bolton, 1990b: 276; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 12; Bolton, 1994: 70; Bolton, 2003: 152.
Junior synonym of LEPTANILLA
Leptomesites Kutter, 1948: 286. Type-species: Leptomesites escheri, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Leptomesites in Leptanillinae: Kutter, 1948: 286; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257.
Leptomesites as junior synonym of Leptanilla: Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 433; all subsequent authors.
Genus Leptanilla references
André, 1882c: 268 (Europe & Algeria species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 72 (catalogue); Emery, 1904a: 107 (anatomy, affinities); Emery, 1910b: 32 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1916b: 94 (Italy species); Bondroit, 1918 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, E.W. 1930: 200 (catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17 (Asia checklist); Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 434 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 53 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 34 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1989: 35 (Japan species key); Ogata, Terayama & Masuko, 1995: 32 (diagnosis, males); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 229 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 117 (Australia synopsis); Xu & Zhang, 2002: 142 and Xu, 2002a: 116 (China species key).
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Acanthomyrmex glabfemoralis TRUE TRUE FALSEglabfemoralis. Acanthomyrmex glabfemoralis Zhou & Zheng, 1997a: 47, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA. Eguchi, Bui & Yamane, 2008: 232 (s.q. “dwarf q.” m.).
Myrmicinae Attini Acromyrmex echinatior TRUE TRUE FALSEechinatior. Atta (Acromyrmex) octospinosa var. echinatior Forel, 1899c: 34 (w.q.) MEXICO. Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 72 (m.). Combination in Acromyrmex: Emery, 1924d: 350. Subspecies of octospinosus: Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 71. Raised to species: Schultz, Bekkevold & Boomsma, 1998: 460.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus bobaiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbobaiensis. Aenictus bobaiensis Zhou & Chen, 1999: 63 (w.) CHINA. See also: Zhou, 2001b: 63.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus fuchuanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEfuchuanensis. Aenictus fuchuanensis Zhou, 2001b: 59, 231, figs. 74, 75 (w.) CHINA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus henanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhenanensis. Aenictus henanensis Li & Wang, 2005: 157 (w.) CHINA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus wudangshanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEwudangshanensis. Aenictus wudangshanensis Wang, W. 2006: 637, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus zhengi TRUE TRUE FALSEzhengi. Aenictus zhengi Zhang, 1994: 101 (w.) CHINA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus latiscapus fumatus TRUE TRUE FALSEfumatus. Aenictus latiscapus var. fumatus Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 1 (m.) CHINA.
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone crenata TRUE TRUE FALSEcrenata. Amblyopone crenata Xu, 2001d: 553, figs. 18-20 (w.) CHINA.
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone eminia TRUE TRUE FALSEeminia. Amblyopone eminia Zhou, 2001b: 23, 225, figs. 4, 5 (w.) CHINA.
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone octodentata TRUE TRUE FALSEoctodentata. Amblyopone octodentata Xu, 2006: 152, figs. 1 – 7 (w.q.) CHINA.
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone rubiginoa TRUE TRUE FALSErubiginoa. Amblyopone rubiginous Wu, J. & Wang, 1992: 1303, fig. 4567 (w.) CHINA.
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone triloba TRUE TRUE FALSEtriloba. Amblyopone triloba Xu, 2001d: 552, figs. 11-13 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus risii TRUE TRUE FALSErisii. Anochetus risii Forel, 1900c: 60 (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 84 (m.); Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 8 (q.). Senior synonym of gracilis: Brown, 1978c: 558 (see also p. 577).
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus yunnanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEyunnanensis. Anochetus yunnanensis Wang, M. 1993a: 226, fig. 7 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster angulata TRUE TRUE FALSEangulata. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) famelica subsp. angulata Viehmeyer, 1922: 206 (w.) CHINA. Raised to species: Tang, Li, et al., 1995: 50.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster caeciliae TRUE TRUE FALSEcaeciliae. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) caeciliae Viehmeyer, 1922: 206 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster dumetora TRUE TRUE TRUE†dumetora. †Rectorhagas dumetorum Lin, 1982: page? CHINA (Miocene) (Ichneumonidae) [reference not seen]. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994: 162.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster exasperata TRUE TRUE FALSEexasperata. Aphaenogaster exasperata Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 537 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 62.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster geei TRUE TRUE FALSEgeei. Aphaenogaster geei Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 535 (w.q.m.) CHINA. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 2.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster hunanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhunanensis. Aphaenogaster hunanensis Wu, J. & Wang, 1992: 1304, fig. 4575 (w.q.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster incurviclypea TRUE TRUE FALSEincurviclypea. Aphaenogaster incurviclypea Wang, W. & Zheng, 1997: 121 fig. (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster lapidescens TRUE TRUE TRUE†lapidescens. †Aphaenogaster (Sinaphaenogaster) lapidescens Zhang, 1989: 269, fig. 272 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster paludosa TRUE TRUE TRUE†paludosa. †Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) paludosa Zhang, 1989: 270, fig. 273 (m.?) CHINA (Miocene).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster polyodonta TRUE TRUE FALSEpolyodonta. Aphaenogaster polyodonta Zhou, 2001b: 145, 238, figs. 289, 290 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster pumilopuncta TRUE TRUE FALSEpumilopuncta. Aphaenogaster pumilopuncta Zhou, 2001b: 142, 238, figs. 281, 282 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster shanwangensis TRUE TRUE TRUE†shanwangensis. †Paraphaenogaster shanwangense Hong, 1984: 8, pl. 3, fig. 1 (q.) CHINA (Miocene). [Misspelled as Paraphaeogaster in original description.] Combination in Aphaenogaster (†Sinaphaenogaster): Zhang, 1989: 267.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster subexaperata TRUE TRUE FALSEsubexaperata. Aphaenogaster subexaperata Zhou, 2001b: 146, 239, figs. 291, 292 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster weigoldi TRUE TRUE FALSEweigoldi. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) weigoldi Viehmeyer, 1922: 206 (w.) CHINA.
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Bannapone mulanae TRUE TRUE FALSEmulanae. Bannapone mulanae Xu, 2000b: 301, figs. 10-12 (q.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Bothriomyrmex wroughtonii victoriae TRUE TRUE FALSEvictoriae. Bothriomyrmex wroughtonii var. victoriae Forel, 1895e: 469 (diagnosis in key) (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus albivillosus TRUE TRUE FALSEalbivillosus. Camponotus albivillosus Zhou, 2001b: 212, 246, figs. 464- 467 (s.w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus ambon TRUE TRUE TRUE†ambon. †Camponotus ambon Zhang, 1989: 307, fig. 306 (q.?) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus ampullosus TRUE TRUE TRUE†ampullosus. †Camponotus ampullosus Zhang, 1989: 303, fig. 301 (q.?) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus anningensis TRUE TRUE FALSEanningensis. Camponotus anningensis Wu & Wang; in Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989b: 323, figs. 10, 11 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Radchenko, 1997d: 812.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus auratiacus TRUE TRUE FALSEauratiacus. Camponotus auratiacus Zhou, 2001b: 206, 245, figs. 442, 445 (s.w.q.m.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus breviscapus TRUE TRUE FALSEbreviscapus. Camponotus breviscapus Zhou, 2001b: 202, 244, figs. 424, 425 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus chongqingensis TRUE TRUE FALSEchongqingensis. Camponotus chongqingensis Wu & Wang; in Wang, C., Xaio & Wu, 1989a: 226, figs. 15, 16 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Radchenko, 1997d: 807.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus cornis TRUE TRUE FALSEcornis. Camponotus cornis Wang, C. & Wu, 1994: 25, figs. 1, 14 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus curviansatus TRUE TRUE TRUE†curviansatus. †Camponotus curviansatus Zhang, 1989: 303, fig. 302 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus fuscivillosus TRUE TRUE FALSEfuscivillosus. Camponotus fuscivillosus Xiao & Wang; in Wang, C., Xiao, & Wu, 1989a: 225, figs. 27, 28 (s.w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus gracilis TRUE TRUE TRUE†gracilis. †Camponotus gracilis Zhang, 1989: 302, fig. 300 (m.?) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus guizhouensis TRUE TRUE FALSEguizhouensis. Camponotus guizhouensis Wang, M. 1992: 681, fig. 2 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus helvus TRUE TRUE FALSEhelvus. Camponotus helvus Xiao & Wang; in Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989b: 322, figs. 6-8 (s.w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus humerus TRUE TRUE FALSEhumerus. Camponotus humerus Wang, C. & Wu, 1994: 25, figs. 5, 12 (w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Radchenko, 1997d: 812.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus jianghuaensis TRUE TRUE FALSEjianghuaensis. Camponotus jianghuaensis Xiao & Wang; in Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989b: 321, figs. 22, 23 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Radchenko, 1997d: 808.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus kolthoffi TRUE TRUE FALSEkolthoffi. Camponotus (Myrmentoma) kolthoffi Stitz, 1934: 4, fig. 2 (w.) CHINA. See also: Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989a: 222.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus laotzei TRUE TRUE FALSElaotzei. Camponotus (Colobopsis) laotzei Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 545 (s.w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus largiceps TRUE TRUE FALSElargiceps. Camponotus largiceps Wu & Wang; in Wang, C., Xiao & Wu 1989a: 227, figs. 20, 21 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Radchenko, 1997d: 809.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus lasiselene TRUE TRUE FALSElasiselene. Camponotus lasiselene Wang, C. & Wu, 1994: 24, fig. 3 (w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Radchenko, 1997d: 812.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus lighti TRUE TRUE FALSElighti. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) itoi subsp. lighti Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 10 (s.w.) CHINA. Subspecies of tokioensis: Santschi, 1937h: 385. Raised to species: Wu & Wang, 1992: 1315.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus longus TRUE TRUE TRUE†longus. †Camponotus longus Zhang, 1989: 304, fig. 303 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus microthoracus TRUE TRUE TRUE†microthoracus. †Camponotus microthoracus Zhang, 1989: 306, fig. 305 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus minus TRUE TRUE FALSEminus. Camponotus minus Wang, C. & Wu, 1994: 26, figs. 2, 7, 11 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus palaeopterus TRUE TRUE TRUE†palaeopterus. †Shanwangella palaeoptera Zhang, 1989: 308, fig. 307 (q.) CHINA (Miocene). Combination in Camponotus: Hong & Wu, 2000: 19.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus plenus TRUE TRUE TRUE†plenus. †Camponotus plenus Zhang, 1989: 305, fig. 304 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus politae TRUE TRUE FALSEpolitae. Dolophra politae Wu & Wang, 1994: 37, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Camponotus: Bolton, 1995b: 118; in C. (Colobopsis): Bolton, 2003: 268. See also: Wu & Wang, 1995: 158.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus pseudoirritans TRUE TRUE FALSEpseudoirritans. Camponotus pseudoirritans Wu & Wang; in Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989b: 321, figs. 24, 25 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Radchenko, 1997d: 809.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus pseudolendus TRUE TRUE FALSEpseudolendus. Camponotus pseudolendus Wu & Wang; in Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989a: 225, figs. 13, 14 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Radchenko, 1997d: 812.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus rubidus TRUE TRUE FALSErubidus. Camponotus rubidus Xiao & Wang; in Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989a: 227, figs. 18, 19 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Radchenko, 1997d: 809.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus shanwangensis TRUE TRUE TRUE†shanwangensis. †Camponotus shanwangense Hong, 1984: 9, pl. 1, fig. 5; pl. 3, fig. 4 (q.) CHINA (Miocene). See also: Zhang, 1989: 300.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus spanis TRUE TRUE FALSEspanis. Camponotus spanis Xiao & Wang; in Wang, C., Xiao & Wu 1989a: 224, fig. 26 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus tokunagai TRUE TRUE TRUE†tokunagai. †Camponotus tokunagai Naora, 1933: 208, pl. 19 (caste?) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus tonkinus TRUE TRUE FALSEtonkinus. Camponotus (Camponotus) japonicus var. tonkinus Santschi, 1925f: 88 (w.) CHINA. Raised to species: Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989b: 327.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus vanispinus TRUE TRUE FALSEvanispinus. Camponotus vanispinus Xia & Zheng, 1997b: 65 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus yiningensis TRUE TRUE FALSEyiningensis. Camponotus yiningensis Wang, C. & Wu, 1994: 27, figs. 6, 13 (w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Radchenko, 1997d: 812.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus irritans hongkongensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhongkongensis. Camponotus maculatus subsp. hongkongensis Forel, 1912n: 62 (s.w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 94. Currently subspecies of irritans: Emery, 1920c: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 76.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus itoi kwansienensis TRUE TRUE FALSEkwansienensis. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) itoi subsp. kwansienensis Viehmeyer, 1922: 216 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla insutura TRUE TRUE FALSEinsutura. Cardiocondyla insutura Zhou, 2001b: 85, 233, figs. 137, 138 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara acutispina TRUE TRUE FALSEacutispina. Oligomyrmex acutispinus Xu, 2003: 315, figs. 16-19 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara altinoda TRUE TRUE FALSEaltinoda. Oligomyrmex altinodus Xu, 2003: 312, figs. 5-8 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara bihornata TRUE TRUE FALSEbihornata. Oligomyrmex bihornatus Xu, 2003: 317, figs. 24-27 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara castanea TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
castanea. Carebara castanea Smith, F. 1858b: 178 (q.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Current subspecies: nominal plus augustata.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara curvispina TRUE TRUE FALSEcurvispina. Oligomyrmex curvispinus Xu, 2003: 313, figs. 9-12 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara hunanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhunanensis. Oligomyrmex hunanensis Wu & Wang, 1995: 75, figs. 90, 93 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara jiangxiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEjiangxiensis. Oligomyrmex jiangxiensis Wu & Wang, 1995: 75, figs. 91, 94 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara lusciosa TRUE TRUE FALSElusciosa. Oligomyrmex lusciosus Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 22 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara obtusidenta TRUE TRUE FALSEobtusidenta. Oligomyrmex obtusidentus Xu, 2003: 316, figs. 20-23 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara polyphemus TRUE TRUE FALSEpolyphemus. Oligomyrmex polyphemus Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 21 (s.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara pseudolusciosa TRUE TRUE FALSEpseudolusciosa. Oligomyrmex pseudolusciosus Wu & Wang, 1995: 76, figs. 92, 95 (s.w.q.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara rectidorsa TRUE TRUE FALSErectidorsa. Oligomyrmex rectidorsus Xu, 2003: 319, figs. 32-35 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara reticapita TRUE TRUE FALSEreticapita. Oligomyrmex reticapitus Xu, 2003: 319, figs. 38-41 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara striata TRUE TRUE FALSEstriata. Oligomyrmex striatus Xu, 2003: 314, figs. 13-15 (s.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2010: 202.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara taiponica TRUE TRUE FALSEtaiponica. Oligomyrmex silvestrii subsp. taiponicus Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 24 (s.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235. Raised to species: Bolton, 1995b: 300.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara capreola laeviceps TRUE TRUE FALSElaeviceps. Oligomyrmex (Hendecatella) capreolus subsp. laeviceps Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 24 (s.) CHINA. Combination in Carebara: new combination (unpublished).
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis flavitibia TRUE TRUE FALSEflavitibia. Cataglyphis flavitibia Chang & He, 2002b: 62, figs. 3, 4 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis glabilabia TRUE TRUE FALSEglabilabia. Cataglyphis glabilabia Chang & He, 2002b: 62, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis helanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhelanensis. Cataglyphis helanensis Chang & He, 2002b: 63, figs. 7, 8 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Cataulacini Cataulacus marginatus TRUE TRUE FALSEmarginatus. Cataulacus marginatus Bolton, 1974a: 68, fig. 38 (w.) CHINA.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys sexspinus TRUE TRUE FALSEsexspinus. Yunodorylus sexspinus Xu, 2000b: 298, figs. 1-6 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Cerapachys: Bolton, 2003: 269. See also: Borowiec, 2009: 53.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster chungi TRUE TRUE FALSEchungi. Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) chungi Brown, 1949e: 38 (w.) CHINA. [First available use of Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) brunnea subsp. ruginota var. chungi Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 6; unavailable name.] Combination in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster egidyi TRUE TRUE FALSE3 subspecies
egidyi. Crematogaster egidyi Forel, 1903c: 254 (w.) CHINA. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 151; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166. Current subspecies: nominal plus ingvei, spinozai, szaboi.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster macaoensis TRUE TRUE FALSEmacaoensis. Crematogaster macaoensis Wu & Wang, 1995: 66 (w.) CHINA. [First available use of Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) dohrni subsp. artifex var. macaoensis Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 16; unavailable name (Bolton, 1995b: 157).]
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster ronganensis TRUE TRUE FALSEronganensis. Crematogaster ronganensis Zhou, 2001b: 77, 231, figs. 117, 118 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster zoceensis TRUE TRUE FALSEzoceensis. Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) laboriosa var. zoceensis Santschi, 1925f: 85 (w.q.m.) CHINA. Raised to species: Wu & Wang, 1995: 66.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster dohrni kiangsiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEkiangsiensis. Crematogaster dohrni r. kiangsiensis Forel, 1903c: 254 (w.) CHINA.
Dorylinae Dorylini Curticorna leptogastrosa TRUE TRUE TRUE†leptogastrosa. †Curticorna leptogastrosa Hong, 2002: 538, figs. 331-340 (m.) CHINA (Eocene amber).
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma rugosum anceps TRUE TRUE FALSEanceps. Diacamma rugosum var. anceps Matsumura & Uchida, 1926: 51 (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). [First available use of Diacamma rugosum subsp. geometricum var. anceps Emery, 1897b: 155; unavailable name.]
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus dajiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEdajiensis. Dolichoderus dajiensis Wang, W. & Zheng, 2005: 233, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus evolans TRUE TRUE TRUE†evolans. †Dolichoderus evolans Zhang, 1989: 275, fig. 276 (q.?) CHINA (Miocene).
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus flatidorsus TRUE TRUE FALSEflatidorsus. Dolichoderus flatidorsus Zhou & Zheng, 1997c: 206, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus incisus TRUE TRUE FALSEincisus. Dolichoderus incisus Xu, 1995a: 37, figs. 9-10 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus lacinius TRUE TRUE TRUE†lacinius. †Dolichoderus lacinius Zhang, 1989: 276, figs. 277, 278 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus luridivenosus TRUE TRUE TRUE†luridivenosus. †Dolichoderus luridivenosus Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994: 164, fig. 143 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus pilosus TRUE TRUE FALSEpilosus. Dolichoderus pilosus Zhou & Zheng, 1997c: 207, figs. 3, 4 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus rugocapitus TRUE TRUE FALSErugocapitus. Dolichoderus rugocapitus Zhou, 2001b: 155, 240, figs. 307, 308 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus sagmanotus TRUE TRUE FALSEsagmanotus. Dolichoderus sagmanotus Xu, 2001b: 356, figs. 4-6 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus squamanodus TRUE TRUE FALSEsquamanodus. Dolichoderus squamanodus Xu, 2001b: 357, figs. 22-24 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus transversipetiolaris TRUE TRUE TRUE†transversipetiolaris. †Dolichoderus transversipetiolaris Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994: 164, fig. 144 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Dorymyrmex grandulus TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandulus. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) parvula var. grandula Forel, 1922: 98 (w.) U.S.A. Trager, 1988: 24 (q.). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; Creighton, 1950a: 409; in Conomyrma: Trager, 1984b: 64; in Dorymyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 85. Junior synonym of parvula: Creighton, 1950a: 409. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Trager, 1984: 64. See also: Johnson, C. 1989b: 192 (in key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Emeryopone melaina TRUE TRUE FALSEmelaina. Emeryopone melaina Xu, 1998a: 122, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Eoaenictites castanifurvus TRUE TRUE TRUE†castanifurvus. †Eoaenictites castanifurvus Hong, 2002: 542, figs. 341-349 (q?) CHINA (Eocene).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Euprenolepis echinata TRUE TRUE FALSEechinata. Euprenolepis echinata LaPolla, 2009: 6, figs. 3A-D (w.) BORNEO.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Euprenolepis procera TRUE TRUE FALSEprocera. Prenolepis procera Emery, 1900d: 699, fig. 14 (w.) INDONESIA (Sumatra). LaPolla, 2009: 13 (q.m.). Combination in Prenolepis (Euprenolepis): Emery, 1906b: 134; in Paratrechina (Euprenolepis): Emery, 1925b: 224; in Euprenolepis: Bolton, 1995; 189. Senior synonym of antespectans: LaPolla, 2009: 13.
Formicinae Formicini Formica altayensis TRUE TRUE FALSEaltayensis. Formica altayensis Xia & Zheng, 1997a: 391 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica approximans TRUE TRUE FALSEapproximans. Formica truncorum var. approximans Wheeler, W.M. 1933c: 65 (w.) CHINA. Raised to species: Wu, 1990: 4.
Formicinae Formicini Formica aseta TRUE TRUE FALSEaseta. Formica aseta Chang & He, 2002a: 55, figs. 20, 21, 62 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica beijingensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbeijingensis. Formica beijingensis Wu, 1990: 2, figs. 1, 15 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica breviscapa TRUE TRUE FALSEbreviscapa. Formica breviscapa Chang & He, 2002a: 54, figs. 23, 24, 63 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica ceps TRUE TRUE TRUE†ceps. †Formica ceps Zhang, 1989: 288, fig. 289 (m.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Formicini Formica dachaidanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEdachaidanensis. Formica dachaidanensis Chang & He, 2002a: 53, figs. 22, 60 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica delinghaensis TRUE TRUE FALSEdelinghaensis. Formica delinghaensis Chang & He, 2002a: 56, figs. 31, 32, 55 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica flavifemoralis TRUE TRUE TRUE†flavifemoralis. †Formica flavifemoralis Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994: 168, fig. 148 (w.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Formicini Formica glabridorsis TRUE TRUE FALSEglabridorsis. Formica (Serviformica) rufibarbis var. glabridorsis Santschi, 1925f: 95 (w.) CHINA. Junior synonym of glauca: Dlussky, 1967a: 74; of cunicularia: Wu, 1990: 4. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Seifert & Schultz, 2009: 269.
Formicinae Formicini Formica linquensis TRUE TRUE TRUE†linquensis. †Formica linquensis Zhang, 1989: 287, figs. 287, 288 (m.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Formicini Formica liogaster TRUE TRUE FALSEliogaster. Formica liogaster Chang & He, 2002a: 54, figs. 11, 12, 59 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica liopthalma TRUE TRUE FALSEliopthalma. Formica liopthalma Chang & He, 2002a: 52, figs. 13, 14, 51 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica manchu TRUE TRUE FALSEmanchu. Formica (Coptoformica) exsecta subsp. manchu Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 10 (w.) CHINA. Raised to species and senior synonym of dlusskyi: Seifert, 2000a: 534.
Formicinae Formicini Formica miniocca TRUE TRUE FALSEminiocca. Formica miniocca Chang & He, 2002a: 49, 52, figs. 2, 3, 47 (w.) CHINA. [Spelled miniocca p. 49, minocca p. 52.]
Formicinae Formicini Formica ovala TRUE TRUE TRUE†ovala. †Formica ovala Zhang, 1989: 289, figs. 290, 291 (m.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Formicini Formica sinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsinensis. Formica truncicola var. sinensis Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 391 (diagnosis in key) (w.) CHINA. [Formica truncicola subsp. truncicola var. sinensis Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 437; unavailable name.] Raised to species: Wu, 1990: 6 (in key). See also: Wu & Wang, 1995: 145.
Formicinae Formicini Formica tarimica TRUE TRUE FALSEtarimica. Formica tarimica Seifert & Schultz, 2009: 266, fig. 7 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica villiscapa TRUE TRUE FALSEvilliscapa. Formica villiscapa Chang & He, 2002a: 55, figs. 27, 28, 65 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica wongi TRUE TRUE FALSEwongi. Formica wongi Wu, 1990: 2, figs. 10, 18 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Gesomyrmecini Gesomyrmex howardi TRUE TRUE FALSEhowardi. Gesomyrmex howardi Wheeler, W.M. 1921e: 112, fig. 2 (s.w.) CHINA.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys coccina TRUE TRUE FALSEcoccina. Gnamptogenys coccina Zhou, 2001b: 33, 226, figs. 23, 24 (w.q.) CHINA.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys panda TRUE TRUE FALSEpanda. Stictoponera panda Brown, 1948a: 263 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 228. See also: Lattke, 2004: 219.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys sichuanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsichuanensis. Gnamptogenys sichuanensis Lattke, 2004: 221, fig. 62 (w.) CHINA.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys sinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsinensis. Gnamptogenys sinensis Wu & Xiao, 1987: 303, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA. See also: Lattke, 2004: 224.
Ponerinae Ponerini Harpegnathos venator rugosus TRUE TRUE FALSErugosus. Drepanognathus rugosus Mayr, 1862: 723 (q.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Combination in Harpegnathos: Forel, 1900c: 65. Currently subspecies of venator: Forel, 1900c: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 4.
Ponerinae Ponerini Harpegnathos saltator cruentatus TRUE TRUE FALSEcruentatus. Drepanognathus cruentatus Smith, F. 1858b: 82 (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Forel, 1900c: 65 (q.m.). Combination in Harpegnathos: Forel, 1900c: 65. Junior synonym of saltator: Bingham, 1903: 50; Emery, 1911d: 59. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of saltator: Donisthorpe, 1937b: 198.
Ponerinae Ponerini Hypoponera exoecata TRUE TRUE FALSEexoecata. Ponera exoecata Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 7 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Hypoponera: Ogata, 1987: 123. See also: Onoyama, 1989b: 4.
Ponerinae Ponerini Hypoponera silvestrii TRUE TRUE FALSEsilvestrii. Ponera silvestrii Donisthorpe, 1947a: 284 (w.q.) CHINA. Combination in Hypoponera: Bolton, 1995b: 216.
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Iridomyrmex shandongicus FALSE FALSE TRUE†shandongicus. †Iridomyrmex shandongicus Zhang, 1989: 278, fig. 280 (m.) CHINA (Miocene). Unidentifiable taxon, incertae sedis in Iridomyrmex: Heterick & Shattuck, 2011: 168.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Kartidris ashima TRUE TRUE FALSEashima. Kartidris ashima Xu & Zheng, 1995: 144, figs. 6, 8, 9 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Kartidris fujianensis TRUE TRUE FALSEfujianensis. Kartidris fujianensis Wang, M. 1993b: 434, fig. 2 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Kartidris galos TRUE TRUE FALSEgalos. Kartidris galos Bolton, 1991: 13, fig. 20 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Kartidris sparsipila TRUE TRUE FALSEsparsipila. Kartidris sparsipila Xu, 1999: 134, figs. 2, 15, 16 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius inflatus TRUE TRUE TRUE†inflatus. †Tylolasius inflatus Zhang, 1989: 296, fig. 296 (q.) CHINA (Miocene). Combination in Lasius: Hong, Wu & Ren, 2001: 348.
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius longicirrus TRUE TRUE FALSElongicirrus. Lasius longicirrus Chang & He, 2002d: 203, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius mordicus TRUE TRUE TRUE†mordicus. †Lasius mordicus Zhang, 1989: 293, fig. 293 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius truncatus TRUE TRUE TRUE†truncatus. †Lasius truncatus Zhang, 1989: 294, fig. 295 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius validus TRUE TRUE TRUE†validus. †Lasius validus Zhang, 1989: 293, fig. 294 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota acuta TRUE TRUE FALSEacuta. Lepisiota acuta Xu, 1994c: 234, figs. 4-6 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota reticulata TRUE TRUE FALSEreticulata. Lepisiota reticulata Xu, 1994c: 234, figs. 7-9 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota xichangensis TRUE TRUE FALSExichangensis. Acantholepis xichangensis Wu & Wang, 1995: 130, figs. 226, 227 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Lepisiota: new combination (unpublished).
Leptanillinae Leptanillini Leptanilla hunanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhunanensis. Leptanilla hunanensis Tang, Li & Chen, 1992: 107 (w.) CHINA. See also: Tang, Li, et al., 1995: 45.
Leptanillinae Leptanillini Leptanilla kunmingensis TRUE TRUE FALSEkunmingensis. Leptanilla kunmingensis Xu & Zhang, 2002: 142, figs. 19-21 (w.) CHINA.
Leptanillinae Leptanillini Leptanilla yunnanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEyunnanensis. Leptanilla yunnanensis Xu, 2002a: 116, figs. 10-15 (w.q.) CHINA. See also: Xu & Zhang, 2002: 142.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys chinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEchinensis. Lobopelta chinensis Mayr, 1870b: 965 (w.) CHINA. Forel, 1900d: 313 (m.). Combination in Leptogenys: Forel, 1900d: 313; Emery, 1911d: 103. See also: Bingham, 1903: 69.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys hezhouensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhezhouensis. Leptogenys hezhouensis Zhou, 2001b: 41, 230, figs. 43, 44 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys huangdii TRUE TRUE FALSEhuangdii. Leptogenys huangdii Xu, 2000a: 119, figs. 5-8 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys huapingensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhuapingensis. Leptogenys huapingensis Zhou, 2001b: 40, 230, figs. 41, 42 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys lacerata TRUE TRUE TRUE†lacerata. †Leptogenys lacerata Zhang, 1989: 261, fig. 267 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys laozii TRUE TRUE FALSElaozii. Leptogenys laozii Xu, 2000a: 123, figs. 41-44 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys mengzii TRUE TRUE FALSEmengzii. Leptogenys mengzii Xu, 2000a: 124, figs. 45-52 (w.q.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys pangui TRUE TRUE FALSEpangui. Leptogenys pangui Xu, 2000a: 120, figs. 13-16 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys strena TRUE TRUE FALSEstrena. Leptogenys strena Zhou, 2001b: 40, 229, figs. 39, 40 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys zhuangzii TRUE TRUE FALSEzhuangzii. Leptogenys zhuangzii Xu, 2000a: 122, figs. 37-40 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys kitteli siemsseni TRUE TRUE FALSEsiemsseni. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) kitteli subsp. siemsseni Viehmeyer, 1922: 203, fig. 1 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Liometopum eremicum TRUE TRUE TRUE†eremicum. †Liometopum eremicum Zhang, 1989: 281, fig. 282 (m.) CHINA (Miocene).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Liometopum lubricum TRUE TRUE TRUE†lubricum. †Liometopum lubricum Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994: 165, fig. 145 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Liometopum potamophilum TRUE TRUE TRUE†potamophilum. †Liometopum potamophilum Zhang, 1989: 280, fig. 281 (m.) CHINA (Miocene).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Liometopum sinense TRUE TRUE FALSEsinense. Liometopum sinense Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 540 (w.) CHINA. Senior synonym of dentimandibulum, sericatum: Del Toro, et al. 2009: 338.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Lordomyrma sinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsinensis. Stenamma sinensis Ma, Xu, Makio & DuBois, 2007: 372, figs. 1-4 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Lordomyrma: Branstetter, 2009: 49.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor aciculatus risianus TRUE TRUE FALSErisianus. Messor aciculatus var. risiana Forel, 1922: 93 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium bimaculatum TRUE TRUE FALSEbimaculatum. Monomorium bimaculatum Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 19 (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium chinense TRUE TRUE FALSEchinense. Monomorium minutum var. chinensis Santschi, 1925f: 86 (w.) CHINA. Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 6 (q.m.). Raised to species: Bolton, 1987: 288 (in text). See also: Wang & Wu, 1995: 88.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium concolor TRUE TRUE FALSEconcolor. Monomorium concolor Zhou, 2001b: 114, 234, figs. 202, 203 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium hainanense TRUE TRUE FALSEhainanense. Monomorium hainanense Wu & Wang, 1995: 89, figs. 121, 127 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium impexum TRUE TRUE FALSEimpexum. Monomorium impexum Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 18 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium latinodoides TRUE TRUE FALSElatinodoides. Monomorium latinodoides Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 17 (w.q.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium punctipectore TRUE TRUE FALSEpunctipectore. Monomorium punctipectoris Zhou, 2001b: 115, 234, figs. 206, 207 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium intrudens pieli TRUE TRUE FALSEpieli. Monomorium pieli Santschi, 1925f: 87 (w.) CHINA. Subspecies of nipponense: Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 67. Currently subspecies of intrudens: Bolton, 1995b: 266.
Ponerinae Ponerini Myopias conicara TRUE TRUE FALSEconicara. Myopias conicara Xu, 1998a: 123, figs. 5, 7 (w.) CHINA.
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Myopopone sinensis TRUE TRUE TRUE†sinensis. †Myopopone sinensis Zhang, 1989: 260, fig. 266 (q.) CHINA (Miocene).
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Myrmecina curvispina TRUE TRUE FALSEcurvispina. Myrmecina curvispina Zhou, Huang & Ma, 2008: 286, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Myrmecina guangxiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEguangxiensis. Myrmecina guangxiensis Zhou, 2001b: 139, 237, figs. 275, 276 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Myrmecina hamula TRUE TRUE FALSEhamula. Myrmecina hamula Zhou, Huang & Ma, 2008: 288, figs. 4-6 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Myrmecina pauca TRUE TRUE FALSEpauca. Myrmecina pauca Huang, Huang & Zhou, 2008: 275, figs. 1-6 (w.q.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Myrmecina sinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsinensis. Myrmecina graminicola subsp. sinensis Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 539 (w.) CHINA. Raised to species: Zhou, Huang & Ma, 2008: 290.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica angulata TRUE TRUE FALSEangulata. Myrmica angulata Radchenko, Zhou & Elmes, 2001: 213, figs. 6-10 (w.) CHINA. Radchenko, Elmes & Bui, 2006: 43 (q.). See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 88.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica curiosa TRUE TRUE FALSEcuriosa. Myrmica curiosa Radchenko, Zhou & Elmes, in Radchenko, Zhou, et al. 2008: 769, figs. 1-10 (w.q.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 115.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica draco TRUE TRUE FALSEdraco. Myrmica draco Radchenko, Zhou & Elmes, 2001: 214, figs. 11-26 (w.q.m.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 122.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica heterorhytida TRUE TRUE FALSEheterorhytida. Myrmica heterorhytida Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 83, figs. 61-65 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 148.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica hlavaci TRUE TRUE FALSEhlavaci. Myrmica hlavaci Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 76, figs. 36-40 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 151.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica mixta TRUE TRUE FALSEmixta. Myrmica mixta Radchenko & Elmes, in Radchenko, Zhou, et al. 2008: 770, figs. 11-15 (q.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 202.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica multiplex TRUE TRUE FALSEmultiplex. Myrmica multiplex Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 81, figs. 46-55 (w.q.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 203.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica pararitae TRUE TRUE FALSEpararitae. Myrmica pararitae Radchenko & Elmes, in Radchenko, Zhou, et al. 2008: 773, figs. 16-25 (w.q.) CHINA. Misspelled as parasitae: Radchenko, Zhou, et al. 2008: 776 (in table). See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 213.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica phalacra TRUE TRUE FALSEphalacra. Myrmica phalacra Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 74, figs. 21-30 (w.q.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 216.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica pleiorhytida TRUE TRUE FALSEpleiorhytida. Myrmica pleiorhytida Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 78, figs. 41-45 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 218.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica poldii TRUE TRUE FALSEpoldii. Myrmica poldii Radchenko & Rigato, in Radchenko, Zhou, et al. 2008: 776, figs. 26-30 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 219.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica polyglypta TRUE TRUE FALSEpolyglypta. Myrmica polyglypta Radchenko & Rigato, in Radchenko, Zhou, et al. 2008: 781, figs. 44-48 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 220.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica schulzi TRUE TRUE FALSEschulzi. Myrmica schulzi Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 72, figs. 16-20 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 273.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica sculptiventris TRUE TRUE FALSEsculptiventris. Myrmica sculptiventris Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 72, figs. 11-15 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 274.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica serica TRUE TRUE FALSEserica. Myrmica margaritae var. serica Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 8 (w.) CHINA. Radchenko & Elmes, 1998: 9 (m.); Weber, 1950b: 223 (q.). Subspecies of ritae: Weber, 1950b: 222. Raised to species: Radchenko, 1994a: 44. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 275.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica sinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsinensis. Myrmica sinensis Radchenko, Zhou & Elmes, 2001: 212, figs. 1-5 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 278.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica sinoschencki TRUE TRUE FALSEsinoschencki. Myrmica sinoschencki Radchenko & Elmes, in Radchenko, Zhou, et al. 2008: 778, figs. 31-38 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 279.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica taibaiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEtaibaiensis. Myrmica taibaiensis Wei, Zhou & Liu, in Wei, Zhou, He & Liu, 2001: 562, figs. 2-3 (w.q.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 69; Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 301.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica varisculpta TRUE TRUE FALSEvarisculpta. Myrmica varisculpta Radchenko & Rigato, in Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 76, figs. 31-35 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 317.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica weii TRUE TRUE FALSEweii. Myrmica weii Radchenko & Zhou, in Radchenko, Zhou, et al. 2008: 779, figs. 39-43 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 322.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica yunnanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEyunnanensis. Myrmica yunnanensis Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 82, figs. 56-60 (w.) CHINA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 329.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras cuneonodum TRUE TRUE FALSEcuneonodum. Myrmoteras cuneonodum Xu, 1998a: 125, figs. 12, 13 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Nesomyrmex echinatinodis TRUE TRUE FALSEechinatinodis. Leptothorax echinatinodis Forel, 1886b: xlviii (w.) BRAZIL. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955b: 25 (l.). Combination in L. (Goniothorax): Emery, 1896g: 59 (in key); in L. (Caulomyrma): Forel, 1914d: 233; in L. (Nesomyrmex): Kempf, 1959c: 425; in Nesomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 272. Senior synonym of aculeatinodis, cordincola, dalmasi, pungentinodis, schmidti: Kempf, 1959c: 425.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Nesomyrmex pleuriticus TRUE TRUE FALSEpleuriticus. Leptothorax (Nesomyrmex) pleuriticus Kempf, 1959c: 417 figs. 2, 22, 27 (w.q.m.) GUYANA. [First available use of Leptothorax (Goniothorax) echinatinodis subsp. aculeatinodis var. pleuriticus Wheeler, W.M. 1921f: 158; unavailable name.] Combination in Nesomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 272.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Nesomyrmex spininodis TRUE TRUE FALSEspininodis. Leptothorax spininodis Mayr, 1887: 617 (w.m.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1912g: 18 (q.). Combination in L. (Goniothorax): Emery, 1896g: 59 (in key); in L. (Nesomyrmex): Kempf, 1959c: 427; in Nesomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 272. Subspecies of echinatinodis: Forel, 1899c: 55; Emery, 1924d: 250. Revived status as species and senior synonym of genualia, umbratilis: Kempf, 1959c: 427.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia amblyops TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
amblyops. Prenolepis amblyops Forel, 1892l: 240 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1892k: 516 (q.); Emery, 1899f: 289 (m.). Combination in Prenolepis (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus rubescens.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia amia TRUE TRUE FALSEamia. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) bourbonica var. amia Forel, 1913f: 197 (w.q.) TAIWAN. Combination in Paratechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Raised to species: Terayama, 1999c: 61.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia anthracina TRUE TRUE FALSEanthracina. Prenolepis anthracina Roger, 1863a: 161 (w.) CUBA. Santschi, 1930e: 81 (q.m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Wheeler, W.M. 1913b: 501; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 166; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 366; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia arenivaga TRUE TRUE FALSEarenivaga. Prenolepis arenivaga Wheeler, W.M. 1905f: 391, fig. 3 (w.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1922: 98; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Subspecies of melanderi: Creighton, 1950a: 408. Revived status as species: Trager, 1984b: 119.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia arlesi TRUE TRUE FALSEarlesi. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) arlesi Bernard, 1953b: 257, fig. 15 (w.) GUINEA. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia aseta TRUE TRUE FALSEaseta. Prenolepis aseta Forel, 1902d: 292 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia assimilis TRUE TRUE FALSEassimilis. Formica assimilis Jerdon, 1851: 125 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Prenolepis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 177; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia austroccidua TRUE TRUE FALSEaustroccidua. Paratrechina austroccidua Trager, 1984b: 113, fig. 17, 20 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia birmana TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
birmana. Prenolepis birmana Forel, 1902d: 291 (w.) MYANMAR. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus hodgsoni.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia bourbonica TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
bourbonica. Prenolepis nodifera r. bourbonica Forel, 1886f: 210 (w.q.m.) REUNION I. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1912a: 73; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: Wheeler, W.M. 1936f: 16; in Paratrechina: Trager, 1984b: 147; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Raised to species: Forel, 1891b: 82. Senior synonym of bengalensis, hawaiensis, skottsbergi: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 88. Current subspecies: nominal plus farquharensis, ngasiyana.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia brasiliensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbrasiliensis. Prenolepis brasiliensis Mayr, 1862: 697 (q.) BRAZIL. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 166; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 366; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia braueri TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
braueri. Prenolepis braueri Mayr, 1868a: 49 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1908b: 64; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus donisthorpei, glabrior.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia bruesii TRUE TRUE FALSEbruesii. Prenolepis bruesii Wheeler, W.M. 1903b: 106, fig. 9 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968: 211 (l.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. See also: Trager, 1984b: 129.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia burgesi TRUE TRUE FALSEburgesi. Paratrechina burgesi Trager, 1984a: 483, figs. 1-4 (w.) PERU. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia caeciliae TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
caeciliae. Prenolepis caeciliae Forel, 1899c: 126 (w.) COSTA RICA. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1908b: 65; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 166; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 366; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus elevata.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia cisipa TRUE TRUE FALSEcisipa. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) cisipa Smith, D.R. & Lavigne, 1973: 184, figs. 7-12 (w.q.m.) PUERTO RICO. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia clandestina TRUE TRUE FALSEclandestina. Prenolepis clandestina Mayr, 1870b: 948 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDONESIA (Java). Viehmeyer, 1916a: 147 (q.m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Viehmeyer, 1916a: 147; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia colchica TRUE TRUE FALSEcolchica. Paratrechina colchica Pisarski, 1960: 352, figs. 6-10, 17-19 (w.q.m.) GEORGIA. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia comorensis TRUE TRUE FALSEcomorensis. Prenolepis comorensis Forel, 1907g: 87 (w.) COMORO IS. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia concinna TRUE TRUE FALSEconcinna. Paratrechina concinna Trager, 1984b: 88, figs. 11, 14, 41 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia darlingtoni TRUE TRUE FALSEdarlingtoni. Nylanderia darlingtoni Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 210 (w.) HAITI. Combination in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 366; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia dispar TRUE TRUE FALSEdispar. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) dispar Forel, 1909a: 251 (w.q.) GUATEMALA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 166; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 366; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia docilis TRUE TRUE FALSEdocilis. Prenolepis vividula subsp. docilis Forel, 1908c: 402 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 223; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 168; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 368; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Raised to species: Wild, 2007b: 45.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia dugasi TRUE TRUE FALSEdugasi. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) dugasi Forel, 1911i: 227 (footnote) (w.) VIETNAM. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia faisonensis TRUE TRUE FALSEfaisonensis. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) arenivaga var. faisonensis Forel, 1922: 98 (w.) U.S.A. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Junior synonym of arenivaga: Creighton, 1950a: 408. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Trager, 1984b: 93.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia flavipes TRUE TRUE FALSEflavipes. Tapinoma flavipes Smith, F. 1874: 404 (w.q.) JAPAN. Forel, 1900e: 269 (m.). Combination in Prenolepis: Mayr, 1886c: 362; in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1910a: 132; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1906c: 320; Trager, 1984b: 97; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 233.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia formosae TRUE TRUE FALSEformosae. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) formosae Forel, 1912a: 73 (w.q.) TAIWAN. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia fulva TRUE TRUE FALSE6 subspecies
fulva. Prenolepis fulva Mayr, 1862: 698 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1891b: 94 (m.); Forel, 1912i: 67 (m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1908b: 67; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 166; in Paratrechina: Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 122; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Senior synonym of fumata: Wild, 2007b: 45. See also: Fernández, 2000: 146; Fox, et al. 2010: 795. Current subspecies: nominal plus biolleyi, cubana, fumatipennis, incisa, longiscapa, nesiotis.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia goeldii TRUE TRUE FALSEgoeldii. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) goeldii Forel, 1912i: 68 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia gracilis TRUE TRUE FALSEgracilis. Prenolepis gracilis Forel, 1892k: 517 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1038; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia grisoni TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
grisoni. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) grisoni Forel, 1916: 440, fig. 5 (w.) DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus fuscula.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia guanyin TRUE TRUE FALSEguanyin. Paratrechina guanyin Terayama, 2009: 211, fig. 328 (w.) TAIWAN. Combination in Nylanderia: new combination (unpublished).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia guatemalensis TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
guatemalensis. Prenolepis vividula var. guatemalensis Forel, 1885a: 348 (w.q.) GUATEMALA. Wheeler, W.M. 1905f: 392 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986d: 336 (l.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1912i: 66; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 223; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Trager, 1984b: 139; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Subspecies of vividula: Forel, 1912i: 66; Wheeler, W.M. 1924a: 111. Raised to species: Forel, 1893g: 340; Forel, 1902b: 178; Smith, M.R. 1954c: 14; Trager, 1984b: 139. Current subspecies: nominal plus cocoensis, itinerans.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia gulinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEgulinensis. Paratrechina gulinensis Zhang & Zheng, 2002: 220, fig. 2 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia helleri TRUE TRUE FALSEhelleri. Prenolepis (Euprenolepis) helleri Viehmeyer, 1914b: 41, fig. 6 (w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Paratrechina (Euprenolepis): Emery, 1925b: 224; in Euprenolepis: Bolton, 1995b: 189; in Paratrechina: LaPolla, 2009: 5; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia hubrechti TRUE TRUE FALSEhubrechti. Andragnathus hubrechti Emery, 1922d: 111 (m.) INDONESIA (Java). Combination in Paratrechina: Agosti & Bolton, 1990a: 76; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia humbloti TRUE TRUE FALSEhumbloti. Prenolepis braueri r. humbloti Forel, 1891b: 90, pl. 2, fig. 11 (w.q.m.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1038; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Raised to species: Emery, 1895f: 337.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia hystrix TRUE TRUE FALSEhystrix. Paratrechina hystrix Trager, 1984b: 134, figs. 28, 30, 40 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia incallida TRUE TRUE FALSEincallida. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) incallida Santschi, 1915c: 263, fig. 12 (w.) SÃO TOMÉ & PRINCIPE (São Tomé I.). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia indica TRUE TRUE FALSEindica. Prenolepis indica Forel, 1894c: 409, fig. 4 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 9 (k.). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia integera TRUE TRUE FALSEintegera. Paratrechina integera Zhou, 2001b: 178, 243, figs. 351, 352 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi TRUE TRUE FALSEjaegerskioeldi. Prenolepis jaegerskioeldi Mayr, 1904b: 8 (w.) EGYPT. Emery, 1910a: 130 (q.m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Santschi, 1914b: 128; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Senior synonym of borcardi: Emery, 1910a: 130.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia johannae TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
johannae. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) johannae Forel, 1912i: 66 (w.) COLOMBIA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus dibullana.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia kongming TRUE TRUE FALSEkongming. Paratrechina kongming Terayama, 2009: 212, fig. 327 (w.) TAIWAN. Combination in Nylanderia: new combination (unpublished).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia kraepelini TRUE TRUE FALSEkraepelini. Prenolepis kraepelini Forel, 1905c: 24 (w.q.m.) INDONESIA (Java). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1912a: 73; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia laevigata TRUE TRUE FALSElaevigata. Paratrechina laevigata Mackay, 1998b: 99, figs. 1-3 (w.) MEXICO. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia lepida TRUE TRUE FALSElepida. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) lepida Santschi, 1915c: 262, fig. 11 (w.) CAMEROUN. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia lietzi TRUE TRUE FALSElietzi. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) lietzi Forel, 1908b: 66 (w.q.) COSTA RICA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia madagascarensis TRUE TRUE FALSE3 subspecies
madagascarensis. Prenolepis vividula var. madagascarensis Forel, 1886f: 212 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1892l: 238 (q.m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Subspecies of vividula: Forel, 1891b: 87. Raised to species: Forel, 1892l: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1038. Current subspecies: nominal plus ellisii, rufescens, sechellensis.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia manni TRUE TRUE FALSEmanni. Paratrechina (Euprenolepis) manni Donisthorpe, 1941b: 41 (w.) SOLOMON IS. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia mendica TRUE TRUE FALSEmendica. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) mendica Menozzi, 1942: 179, fig. 3 (w.q.) EQUATORIAL GUINEA (Bioko I.). [Also given as new in Eidmann, 1944: 461.] Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia mexicana TRUE TRUE FALSEmexicana. Prenolepis mexicana Forel, 1899c: 126 (w.m.) MEXICO. Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 55 (q.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1908b: 64; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia microps TRUE TRUE FALSEmicrops. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) microps Smith, M.R. 1937: 868 (w.) PUERTO RICO. Combination in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia mixta TRUE TRUE FALSEmixta. Prenolepis mixta Forel, 1897c: 203, fig. 3 (w.m.) SEYCHELLES IS. Forel, 1912k: 165 (m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1039; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia myops TRUE TRUE FALSEmyops. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) myops Mann, 1920: 432 (w.q.m.) CUBA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Brown, 1955g: 135; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Senior synonym of troglodytes: Brown, 1955g: 135.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia nodifera TRUE TRUE FALSEnodifera. Prenolepis nodifera Mayr, 1870a: 388, fig. 7 (w.) COLOMBIA. Pergande, 1896: 860 (q.m.). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Subspecies of anthracina: Pergande, 1896: 860. Revived status as species: Emery, 1925b: 222.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia nubatama TRUE TRUE FALSEnubatama. Paratrechina nubatama Terayama, 1999c: 51, figs. 6, 14, 15 (w.q.) JAPAN. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia nuggeti TRUE TRUE FALSEnuggeti. Paratrechina (Euprenolepis) nuggeti Donisthorpe, 1941c: 143 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Donisthorpe, 1941h: 64 (m.). Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia obscura TRUE TRUE FALSE4 subspecies
obscura. Prenolepis obscuraMayr, 1862: 698 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Forel, 1891b: 93 (m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus bismarckensis, celebensis, minor, papuana.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia ogasawarensis TRUE TRUE FALSEogasawarensis. Paratrechina ogasawarensis Terayama, 1999c: 55, figs. 10, 18 (w.) JAPAN. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia opisopthalmia TRUE TRUE FALSEopisopthalmia. Paratrechina opisopthalmia Zhou & Zheng, 1998a: 44, figs. 5, 6 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia otome TRUE TRUE FALSEotome. Paratrechina otome Terayama, 1999c: 56, figs. 11, 13 (w.) JAPAN. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia parvula TRUE TRUE FALSEparvula. Prenolepis parvula Mayr, 1870b: 948 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968: 211 (l.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1922: 98; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Subspecies of vividula: Forel, 1885a: 348; Mayr, 1886d: 431. Revived status as species: Emery, 1893i: 636. See also: Trager, 1984b: 104.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia pearsei TRUE TRUE FALSEpearsei. Nylanderia pearsei Wheeler, W.M. 1938: 254 (w.) MEXICO. Combination in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia perminuta FALSE FALSE FALSEperminuta. Formica perminuta Buckley, 1866: 162 (w.) U.S.A. Combination in Brachymyrmex: Emery, 1895c: 338; in Prenolepis: Mayr, 1876: 78; Wheeler, W.M. 1902f: 21. Unidentifiable taxon; incertae sedis in Paratrechina: Bolton, 1995b: 315. [Trager, 1984b: 119 suggests possible synonymy with arenivaga, a junior name, but the original description of perminuta does not contain sufficient data to justify this.]
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia phantasma TRUE TRUE FALSEphantasma. Paratrechina phantasma Trager, 1984b: 124, figs. 24, 26, 48 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia picta TRUE TRUE FALSEpicta. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) picta Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 104, fig. 9 (w.m.) VIETNAM. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia pieli TRUE TRUE FALSEpieli. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) pieli Santschi, 1928b: 37 (w.q.m.) CHINA. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia pubens TRUE TRUE FALSEpubens. Prenolepis fulva r. pubens Forel, 1893g: 338 (w.q.m.) ANTILLES. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Trager, 1984b: 143; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Junior synonym of fulva: Creighton, 1950a: 406. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Trager, 1984b: 143.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia pygmaea TRUE TRUE TRUE†pygmaea. †Prenolepis pygmaea Mayr, 1868c: 36, pl. 1, fig. 18 (q.m.) BALTIC AMBER (Eocene). Combination in Paratrechina: Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2009: 1030; in Nylanderia: LaPolla & Dlussky, 2010: 260.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia rosae TRUE TRUE FALSErosae. Prenolepis rosae Forel, 1902h: 489 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia ryukyuensis TRUE TRUE FALSEryukyuensis. Paratrechina ryukyuensis Terayama, 1999c: 57, fig. 7 (w.q.) JAPAN. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia sakurae TRUE TRUE FALSEsakurae. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) sakurae Ito, 1914: 43, figs. 1-3 (w.) JAPAN. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia sharpii TRUE TRUE FALSEsharpii. Prenolepis sharpii Forel, 1899a: 121, fig. 1 (w.q.m.) HAWAII. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia sikorae TRUE TRUE FALSEsikorae. Prenolepis sikorae Forel, 1892l: 238 (q.m.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1039; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia silvestrii TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
silvestrii. Prenolepis silvestrii Emery, 1906c: 186, figs. 45, 46 (w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1913l: 246; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus kuenzleri.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia simpliciuscula TRUE TRUE FALSEsimpliciuscula. Prenopelis simpliciuscula Emery, 1896f: 247, fig. (q.m.) INDONESIA (Java). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia sindbadi TRUE TRUE FALSEsindbadi. Paratrechina sindbadi Pisarski, 1960: 349, figs. 1-3, 11-13 (q.m.) IRAQ. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia smythiesii TRUE TRUE FALSEsmythiesii. Prenolepis smythiesii Forel, 1894c: 410, fig. 5 (q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia staudingeri TRUE TRUE FALSEstaudingeri. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) staudingeri Forel, 1912i: 67 (w.q.) PERU. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 168; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia steeli TRUE TRUE FALSEsteeli. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) steeli Forel, 1910b: 69 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Paratrechina (Euprenolepis): Emery, 1925b: 224; in Euprenolepis: Bolton, 1995b: 189; in Paratrechina: LaPolla, 2009: 5; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia steinheili TRUE TRUE FALSEsteinheili. Prenolepis steinheili Forel, 1893g: 342 (w.) ANTILLES. Forel, 1908b: 64 (q.); Forel, 1912i: 66 (m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1912i: 66; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 223; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 168; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus minuta (unresolved junior homonym).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia stigmatica TRUE TRUE FALSEstigmatica. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) stigmaticus Mann, 1919: 367, fig. 41 (w.) SOLOMON IS. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Euprenolepis: Donisthorpe, 1941c: 42; in Paratrechina: LaPolla, 2009: 5; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia tasmaniensis TRUE TRUE FALSEtasmaniensis. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) tasmaniensis Forel, 1913g: 190 (w.m.) AUSTRALIA (Tasmania). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia taylori TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
taylori. Prenolepis taylori Forel, 1894c: 410, fig. 2 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1913d: 438; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus levis.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia teranishii TRUE TRUE FALSEteranishii. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) teranishii Santschi, 1937h: 386 (w.q.) JAPAN. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia terricola TRUE TRUE FALSEterricola. Formica terricola Buckley, 1866: 168 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Prenolepis: Mayr, 1876: 78; in Paratrechina: Emery, 1925b: 223; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Junior synonym of vividula: Mayr, 1876: 78; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 849. Revived from synonymy and senior synonym of melanderi: Trager, 1984b: 81.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia tjibodana TRUE TRUE FALSEtjibodana. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) tjibodana Karavaiev, 1929c: 245, fig. 6 (w.q.) INDONESIA (Java). Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia tococae TRUE TRUE FALSEtococae. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) tococae Wheeler, W.M. & Bequaert, 1929: 38 (w.m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 168; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 368; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia traegaordhi TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
traegaordhi. Prenolepis traegaordhi Forel, 1904h: 14 (w.m.) SUDAN. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1915c: 348; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus natalensis.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia vaga TRUE TRUE FALSEvaga. Prenolepis obscura r. vaga Forel, 1901b: 26 (w.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Donisthorpe, 1948g: 142 (m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: Wheeler, W.M. 1936f: 17; in Paratrechina: Bolton, 1995b: 315; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Raised to species: Emery, 1914f: 424. Senior synonym of crassipilis, irritans: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 90.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia vagabunda TRUE TRUE FALSEvagabunda. Paratrechina vagabunda Motschoulsky, 1863: 13, pl. 2, fig. 2 (w.) SRI LANKA. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia vitiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEvitiensis. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) vitiensis Mann, 1921: 474, fig. 28 (w.m.) FIJI IS. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Given as junior synonym of vaga by Dlussky, 1994: 55 (in list only); unconfirmed.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia vividula TRUE TRUE FALSE3 subspecies
vividula. Formica vividula Nylander, 1846a: 900, pl. 18, figs. 2, 10-14 (w.q.m.) FINLAND. Combination in Prenolepis: Mayr, 1861: 52; in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1906b: 134; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 223; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 168; in Paratrechina: Trager, 1984b: 131; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Senior synonym of picea: Mayr, 1876: 78; Mayr, 1886d: 431; of kincaidi Trager, 1984b: 75. Current subspecies: nominal plus antillana, australis, mjobergi. See also: Emery, 1910a: 131; Radchenko, 2007: 33.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia waelbroecki TRUE TRUE FALSEwaelbroecki. Prenolepis waelbroecki Emery, 1899e: 496, fig. (q.m.) DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. Forel, 1911f: 280 (w.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 943; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia weissi TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
weissi. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) weissi Santschi, 1911g: 210 (w.) CONGO. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus nimba.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia wojciki TRUE TRUE FALSEwojciki. Paratrechina wojciki Trager, 1984b: 108, figs. 18, 21 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986d: 337 (l.). Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia yaeyamensis TRUE TRUE FALSEyaeyamensis. Paratrechina yaeyamensis Terayama, 1999c: 58, figs. 8, 19, (w.q.) JAPAN. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia yambaru TRUE TRUE FALSEyambaru. Paratrechina yambaru Terayama, 1999c: 60, fig. 16 (w.) JAPAN. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia yerburyi TRUE TRUE FALSEyerburyi. Prenolepis yerburyi Forel, 1894c: 409, fig. 1 (w.q.m.) SRI LANKA. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Viehmeyer, 1916a: 147; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Wheeler, W.M. 1921e: 112; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127..
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia zelotypa TRUE TRUE FALSEzelotypa. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) jaegerskioeldi var. zelotypa Santschi, 1915c: 264 (w.) KENYA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Raised to species: Santschi, 1919b: 238.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia madagascarensis sechellensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsechellensis. Prenolepis madagascarensis var. sechellensis Emery, 1894a: 71, fig. (w.) SEYCHELLES IS. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia madagascarensis rufescens TRUE TRUE FALSErufescens. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) madagascarensis var. rufescens Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1038 (w.) MADAGASCAR. [First available use of Prenolepis ellisii subsp. madagascarensis var. rufescens Forel, 1907g: 88; unavailable name.] Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia amblyops rubescens TRUE TRUE FALSErubescens. Prenolepis amblyops r. rubescens Forel, 1892k: 516 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia obscura papuana TRUE TRUE FALSEpapuana. Prenolepis obscura var. papuana Forel, 1901b: 26 (footnote) (w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia weissi nimba TRUE TRUE FALSEnimba. Paratrechina weissi subsp. nimba Bernard, 1953b: 258, fig. 15 (w.q.) GUINEA. Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia bourbonica ngasiyana TRUE TRUE FALSEngasiyana. Prenolepis bourbonica subsp. ngasiyana Forel, 1907g: 87 (w.) COMORO IS. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia fulva nesiotis TRUE TRUE FALSEnesiotis. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) fulva subsp. nesiotis Wheeler, W.M. 1919c: 277 (w.q.m.) ECUADOR (Galapagos Is). Combination in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia traegaordhi natalensis TRUE TRUE FALSEnatalensis. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) traegaordhi var. natalensis Forel, 1915c: 348 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia vividula mjobergi TRUE TRUE FALSEmjobergi. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) vividula var. mjobergi Forel, 1908b: 64 (w.) SWEDEN. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 223; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia obscura minor TRUE TRUE FALSEminor. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) obscura subsp. minor Karavaiev, 1933b: 110, fig. 8 (w.m.) INDONESIA (Wammer I.). Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia fulva longiscapa TRUE TRUE FALSElongiscapa. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) fulva subsp. longiscapa Forel, 1908b: 69 (w.) COSTA RICA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia taylori levis TRUE TRUE FALSElevis. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) taylori r. levis Forel, 1913k: 104 (w.) SRI LANKA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia silvestrii kuenzleri TRUE TRUE FALSEkuenzleri. Prenolepis vividula var. kuenzleri Forel, 1909a: 268 (w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1913l: 246; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 168; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Currently subspecies of silvestrii: Forel, 1913l: 246; Emery, 1914f: 422 (footnote).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia guatemalensis itinerans TRUE TRUE FALSEitinerans. Prenolepis guatemalensis var. itinerans Forel, 1901h: 81 (w.) BRAZIL (intercepted in quarantine in Germany). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 223; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia fulva incisa TRUE TRUE FALSEincisa. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) fulva subsp. incisa Forel, 1908b: 68 (w.q.m.) COSTA RICA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 366; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia birmana hodgsoni TRUE TRUE FALSEhodgsoni. Prenolepis birmana var. hodgsoni Forel, 1902d: 291 (w.) MYANMAR. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia braueri glabrior TRUE TRUE FALSEglabrior. Prenolepis braueri var. glabrior Forel, 1902h: 490 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia grisoni fuscula TRUE TRUE FALSEfuscula. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) grisoni var. fuscula Menozzi, 1942: 178 (w.) EQUATORIAL GUINEA (Bioko I.). [Also given as new in Eidmann, 1944: 460.] Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia fulva fumatipennis TRUE TRUE FALSEfumatipennis. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) fulva var. fumatipennis Forel, 1915c: 362 (w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 166; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 366; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia bourbonica farquharensis TRUE TRUE FALSEfarquharensis. Prenolepis bourbonica var. farquharensis Forel, 1907d: 92 (w.) MADAGASCAR (Farquhar I.). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia madagascarensis ellisii TRUE TRUE FALSEellisii. Prenolepis ellisii Forel, 1891b: 87, pl. 2, fig. 10 (w.q.m.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Currently subspecies of madagascarensis: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1038.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia caeciliae elevata TRUE TRUE FALSEelevata. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) caeciliae subsp. elevata Forel, 1908b: 65 (w.m.) COSTA RICA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 166; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 366; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia braueri donisthorpei TRUE TRUE FALSEdonisthorpei. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) braueri subsp. donisthorpei Forel, 1908b: 64 (w.) GREAT BRITAIN. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia johannae dibullana TRUE TRUE FALSEdibullana. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) johannae r. dibullana Forel, 1912i: 67 (w.) COLOMBIA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia fulva cubana TRUE TRUE FALSEcubana. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) fulva st. cubana Santschi, 1930e: 81 (w.) CUBA. Combination in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 366; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia guatemalensis cocoensis TRUE TRUE FALSEcocoensis. Prenolepis guatemalensis var. cocoensis Forel, 1902b: 178 (w.) AUSTRALIA (Cocos Is). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 223; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 167; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 367; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia obscura celebensis TRUE TRUE FALSEcelebensis. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) obscura subsp. celebensis Karavaiev, 1933b: 109 (w.) INDONESIA (Sulawesi). Combination in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia obscura bismarckensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbismarckensis. Prenolepis obscura r. bismarckensis Forel, 1901b: 26 (w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA (Bismarck Archipelago). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia fulva biolleyi TRUE TRUE FALSEbiolleyi. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) fulva subsp. biolleyi Forel, 1908b: 67 (w.m.) COSTA RICA. Forel, 1908c: 401. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 166; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 366; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia vividula australis TRUE TRUE FALSEaustralis. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) vividula var. australis Santschi, 1929d: 313 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 168; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 368; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia vividula antillana TRUE TRUE FALSEantillana. Prenolepis guatemalensis r. antillana Forel, 1893g: 340 (w.q.m.) ANTILLES. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1912i: 66; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 223; in Nylanderia: Kempf, 1972a: 168; in Paratrechina: Brandão, 1991: 368; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Currently subspecies of vividula: Forel, 1912i: 66.
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontomachus circulus TRUE TRUE FALSEcirculus. Odontomachus circulus Wang, M. 1993a: 220, fig. 1 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontomachus fulgidus TRUE TRUE FALSEfulgidus. Odontomachus fulgidus Wang, M. 1993a: 222, fig. 3 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontomachus granatus TRUE TRUE FALSEgranatus. Odontomachus granatus Wang, M. 1993a: 224, fig. 5 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontomachus tensus TRUE TRUE FALSEtensus. Odontomachus tensus Wang, M. 1993a: 223, fig. 4 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontomachus xizangensis TRUE TRUE FALSExizangensis. Odontomachus xizangensis Wang, M. 1993a: 222, fig. 2 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla brevidorsa TRUE TRUE FALSEbrevidorsa. Brachyponera brevidorsa Xu, 1994b: 183, figs. 5, 6 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Pachycondyla: new combination (unpublished).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla chinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEchinensis. Ponera nigrita subsp. chinensis Emery, 1895k: 460 (w.) CHINA. Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 530 (q.); Ogata, 1987: 116 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986c: 88 (l.); Imai & Kubota, 1972: 194 (k., misspelled as sinensis). Combination in Euponera (Brachyponera): Emery, 1909c: 367; in Brachyponera: Brown, 1958h: 22; in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 304. Junior synonym of solitaria Smith, F. 1874: 404 [Junior primary homonym of solitaria Smith, F. 1860b: 103.] and hence first available replacement name: Brown, 1958h: 22. See also: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 247.
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla gigas TRUE TRUE FALSEgigas. Cryptopone gigas Wu & Wang, 1995: 38, figs. 19-20 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Pachycondyla: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 3 (by implication as Cryptopone synonymised with Pachycondyla).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla jinxiuensis TRUE TRUE FALSEjinxiuensis. Cryptopone jinxiuensis Zhou, 2001b: 36, 227, figs. 31, 32 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Pachycondyla: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 3 (by implication as Cryptopone synonymised with Pachycondyla).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla lobocarena TRUE TRUE FALSElobocarena. Pachycondyla lobocarena Xu, 1995b: 109, figs. 15, 16 (w.) CHINA. [Also described as new by Xu, 1996: 213.]
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla minutansata TRUE TRUE TRUE†minutansata. †Euponera minutansata Zhang, 1989: 263, fig. 269 (q.) CHINA (Miocene). Combination in Pachycondyla: new combination (unpublished).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla nubeculata TRUE TRUE TRUE†nubeculata. †Euponera nubeculata Zhang, 1989: 262, fig. 268 (q.) CHINA (Miocene). Combination in Pachycondyla: new combination (unpublished).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla pseudogigas TRUE TRUE FALSEpseudogigas. Cryptopone pseudogigas Zhou & Zheng, 1997a: 49, figs. 5, 6 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Pachycondyla: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 3 (by implication as Cryptopone synonymised with Pachycondyla).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla recticlypea TRUE TRUE FALSErecticlypea. Cryptopone recticlypea Xu, 1998c: 162, figs. 4-6 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Pachycondyla: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 3 (by implication as Cryptopone synonymised with Pachycondyla).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla sinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsinensis. Cryptopone sinensis Wang, M. 1992: 677, fig. 1 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Pachycondyla: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 3 (by implication as Cryptopone synonymised with Pachycondyla).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla zhengi TRUE TRUE FALSEzhengi. Pachycondyla zhengi Xu, 1995b: 110, figs. 19, 20 (w.) CHINA. [Also described as new by Xu, 1996: 214.]
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina albipes TRUE TRUE FALSEalbipes. Prenolepis albipes Emery, 1899e: 497 (w.) CAMEROUN. LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 4 (q.m.). Combination in Prenolepis (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina brunnella TRUE TRUE FALSEbrunnella. Paraparatrechina brunnella LaPolla & Cheng, in LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 7, figs. 3,16,17 (w.) CAMEROUN.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina bufona TRUE TRUE FALSEbufona. Pseudolasius bufonum Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 220, fig. 55 (s.w.q.m.) DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. Combination in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. See also: LaPolla, 2004b: 98.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina butteli TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
butteli. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) butteli Forel, 1913k: 103 (w.) INDONESIA (Sumatra). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. Current subspecies: nominal plus bryanti, malaccana.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina caledonica TRUE TRUE FALSEcaledonica. Prenolepis caledonica Forel, 1902h: 491 (w.) NEW CALEDONIA. Emery, 1914f: 422 (m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 421; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina concinnata TRUE TRUE FALSEconcinnata. Paraparatrechina concinnata LaPolla & Cheng, in LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 8, figs. 4,16,17 (w.) GABON.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina dichroa TRUE TRUE FALSEdichroa. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) dichroa Karavaiev, 1933b: 106 (w.m.) INDONESIA (Prinsen I.). Combination in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina emarginata TRUE TRUE FALSEemarginata. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) emarginata Forel, 1913k: 104 (w.q.m.) INDONESIA (Sumatra). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina foreli TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
foreli. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) foreli Emery, 1914f: 422, pl. 13, fig. 15 (w.q.m.) NEW CALEDONIA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. Current subspecies: nominal plus nigriventris.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina glabra TRUE TRUE FALSEglabra. Prenolepis glabra Forel, 1891b: 92 (w.) MADAGASCAR. LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 16 (q.m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina gnoma TRUE TRUE FALSEgnoma. Paraparatrechina gnoma LaPolla & Cheng, in LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 10, figs. 5,16,17 (w.) GHANA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina iridescens TRUE TRUE FALSEiridescens. Nylanderia iridescens Donisthorpe, 1942b: 71 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Combination in Paratrechina: Bolton, 1995b: 314; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina koningsbergeri TRUE TRUE FALSEkoningsbergeri. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) koningsbergeri Karavaiev, 1933b: 108 (w.m.) INDONESIA (Java). Combination in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina lecamopteridis TRUE TRUE FALSElecamopteridis. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) lecamopteridis Donisthorpe, 1941c: 142 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shatuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina minutula TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
minutula. Prenolepis minutula Forel, 1901b: 25 (footnote) (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, W.M. 1927i: 150 (q.m.). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. Senior synonym of atomus: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 89. Current subspecies: nominal plus buxtoni.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina myops TRUE TRUE FALSEmyops. Paraparatrechina myops LaPolla & Fisher, in LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 21, figs. 13,16,17 (w.) MADAGASCAR.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina nana TRUE TRUE FALSEnana. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) nana Santschi, 1928e: 478 (w.m.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina nettae TRUE TRUE FALSEnettae. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) nettae Forel, 1911d: 381 (w.) "Pays des Moîs". Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina oceanica TRUE TRUE FALSEoceanica. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) oceanica Mann, 1921: 476 (w.) FIJI IS. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina ocellatula TRUE TRUE FALSEocellatula. Paraparatrechina ocellatula LaPolla & Fisher, in LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 22, figs. 14,16,17 (w.) MADAGASCAR.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina opaca TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
opaca. Prenolepis clandestina var. opaca Emery, 1887a: 243 (w.) INDONESIA (Java). Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. Raised to species: Emery, 1900d: 698. Current subspecies: nominal plus metallescens.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina oreias TRUE TRUE FALSEoreias. Paraparatrechina oreias LaPolla & Cheng, in LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 11, figs. 6,16,17 (w.) CAMEROUN.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina pallida TRUE TRUE FALSEpallida. Paratrechina (Paraparatrechina) pallida Donisthorpe, 1947d: 192, fig. 2 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina pusillima TRUE TRUE FALSEpusillima. Paratrechina pusillima Emery, 1922d: 110, fig. 3 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina sauteri TRUE TRUE FALSEsauteri. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) minutula r. sauteri Forel, 1913f: 198 (w.) TAIWAN. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. Raised to species: Collingwood, 1976: 306.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina splendida TRUE TRUE FALSEsplendida. Paraparatrechina splendida LaPolla & Cheng, in LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 12, figs. 7,16,17 (w.) GABON.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina subtilis TRUE TRUE FALSEsubtilis. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) subtilis Santschi, 1920g: 174 (w.) SENEGAL. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. Senior synonym of termitophila: LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 13.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina tapinomoides TRUE TRUE FALSEtapinomoides. Prenolepis tapinomoides Forel, 1905c: 25 (w.) INDONESIA (Java). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina umbranatis TRUE TRUE FALSEumbranatis. Paraparatrechina umbranatis LaPolla & Cheng, in LaPolla, Cheng & Fisher, 2010: 15, figs. 9,16,17 (w.) GABON.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina weissi TRUE TRUE FALSEweissi. Pseudolasius weissi Santschi, 1910c: 391, fig. 16 (w.q.) CONGO. Combination in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. Senior synonym of bucculentus, gowdeyi, bayonii (and its junior synonyms myersi, occipitalis), sordida: LaPolla, 2004b: 101.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina foreli nigriventris TRUE TRUE FALSEnigriventris. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) foreli var. nigriventris Emery, 1914f: 424 (w.) NEW CALEDONIA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 221; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina opaca metallescens TRUE TRUE FALSEmetallescens. Prenolepis opaca subsp. metallescens Emery, 1900d: 698 (w.) INDONESIA (Java). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina butteli malaccana TRUE TRUE FALSEmalaccana. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) butteli subsp. malaccana Viehmeyer, 1916a: 147 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina minutula buxtoni TRUE TRUE FALSEbuxtoni. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) minutula var. buxtoni Santschi, 1928e: 479 (w.) VANUATU. Combination in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paraparatrechina butteli bryanti TRUE TRUE FALSEbryanti. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) butteli r. bryanti Forel 1916: 439 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Paraparatrechina: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 104.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Paratrechina longicornis TRUE TRUE FALSElongicornis. Formica longicornis Latreille, 1802c: 113 (w.) SENEGAL. Jerdon, 1851: 124 (q.); André, 1881b: 60 (m.); Hung, Imai & Kubota, 1972: 1024 (k.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986d: 336 (l.); Fox, et al. 2007: 3 (l.). Combination in Prenolepis: Roger, 1863b: 10; in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1910a: 129; in Paratrechina: Wheeler, W.M. 1921e: 112. Senior synonym of currens: Emery, 1892b: 166; of gracilescens: Roger, 1863b: 10; of vagans: Dalla Torre, 1893: 179. Senior synonym of hagemanni: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 128. See also: Mayr, 1865: 50; Forel, 1891b: 81; Forel, 1894c: 406; Emery, 1910a: 129; Trager, 1984b: 153.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Perissomyrmex bidentatus TRUE TRUE FALSEbidentatus. Perissomyrmex bidentatus Zhou & Huang, 2006: 192, figs. 4 – 6 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Perissomyrmex emarginatus TRUE TRUE FALSEemarginatus. Perissomyrmex emarginatus Ogata & Okido, 2007: 359, figs. 14, 16a-c, 17a (w.q.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Perissomyrmex fissus TRUE TRUE FALSEfissus. Perissomyrmex fissus Xu & Wang, 2004: 218, figs. (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Perissomyrmex guizhouensis TRUE TRUE FALSEguizhouensis. Perissomyrmex guizhouensis Zhou & Huang, 2006: 191, figs. 1 – 3 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole aphrasta TRUE TRUE FALSEaphrasta. Pheidole aphrasta Zhou & Zheng, 1999: 84, figs. 1, 2 (s.w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole flaveria TRUE TRUE FALSEflaveria. Pheidole flaveria Zhou & Zheng, 1999: 86, figs. 6 - 8 (s.w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole hongkongensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhongkongensis. Pheidole rinae subsp. hongkongensis Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 11 (s.w.q.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Raised to species: Zhou & Zheng, 1999: 87; Zhou, 2001b: 123; subspecies of rinae: Eguchi, 2001a: 23; revived status as species: Eguchi, Yamane & Zhou, 2007: 259. See also: Eguchi, 2008: 40.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole indosinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEindosinensis. Pheidole sulcaticeps subsp. indosinensis Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 10 (s.w.) CHINA. [P. sulcaticeps subsp. indosinensis Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 87. Nomen nudum.] Raised to species: Eguchi, 2008: 43.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole meihuashanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEmeihuashanensis. Pheidole meihuashanensis Li & Chen, 1992: 57 (s.w.) CHINA. See also: Tang, Li, et al. 1995: 57.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole nodifera TRUE TRUE FALSEnodifera. Atta nodifer Smith, F. 1858b: 165 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Pheidole: Mayr, 1886c: 360.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole ocellata TRUE TRUE FALSEocellata. Pheidole ocellata Zhou, 2001b: 134, 236, figs. 264-266 (s.w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole pieli TRUE TRUE FALSEpieli. Pheidole pieli Santschi, 1925f: 83 (s.w.) CHINA. Ogata, 1982: 195 (m.). Senior synonym of incensa: Eguchi, Yamane & Zhou, 2007: 265. See also: Wu & Wang, 1995: 100.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole selathorax TRUE TRUE FALSEselathorax. Pheidole selathorax Zhou, 2001b: 125, 235, figs. 230-232 (s.w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole sinica TRUE TRUE FALSEsinica. Ceratopheidole sinica Wu & Wang, 1992: 1306, fig. 4580 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Pheidole: Bolton, 1995b: 330.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole taipoana TRUE TRUE FALSEtaipoana. Pheidole rinae subsp. taipoana Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 12 (s.w.) CHINA. Raised to species: Eguchi, Yamane & Zhou, 2007: 271.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole zhoushanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEzhoushanensis. Pheidole zhoushanensis Li & Chen, 1992: 56 (w.) CHINA. See also: Tang, Li, et al. 1995: 60.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole zoceana TRUE TRUE FALSEzoceana. Pheidole nodgii var. zoceana Santschi, 1925f: 83 (s.w.) CHINA (name misspelled as noggii). Raised to species: Eguchi, Yamane & Zhou, 2007: 280. See also: Eguchi, 2008: 110.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Pheidologeton latinodus TRUE TRUE FALSElatinodus. Pheidologeton latinodus Zhou & Zheng, 1997b: 165, figs. 4-6 (s.w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Pheidologeton melasolenus TRUE TRUE FALSEmelasolenus. Pheidologeton melasolenus Zhou & Zheng, 1997b: 163, figs. 1-3 (s.w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Pheidologeton nanningensis TRUE TRUE FALSEnanningensis. Pheidologeton nanningensis Li & Tang, 1986: 162 (s.w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Pheidologeton trechideros TRUE TRUE FALSEtrechideros. Pheidologeton trechideros Zhou & Zheng, 1997b: 167, figs. 7-9 (s.w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Pheidologeton vespillo TRUE TRUE FALSEvespillo. Pheidologeton vespillo Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 533 (s.w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Pheidologeton zengchengensis TRUE TRUE FALSEzengchengensis. Pheidologeton zengchengensis Zhou, Zhao & Jia, 2006: 871, figs. 1, 2 (s.w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Philidris jiugongshanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEjiugongshanensis. Philidris jiugongshanensis Wang, W. & Wu, 2007: 721, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Philidris notiala TRUE TRUE FALSEnotiala. Philidris notiala Zhou & Zheng, 1998b: 137, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Plagiolepis cardiocarenis TRUE TRUE FALSEcardiocarenis. Plagiolepis cardiocarenis Chang & He, 2002c: 151, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Polyergus samurai mandarin TRUE TRUE FALSEmandarin. Polyergus samurai subsp. mandarin Wheeler, W.M. 1927e: 4 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis bakana TRUE TRUE FALSEbakana. Polyrhachis bakana Xu, 1998b: 244, figs. 7-10 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis brevicorpa TRUE TRUE FALSEbrevicorpa. Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) brevicorpa Xu, 2002b: 528, figs. 34-37 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis cornihumera TRUE TRUE FALSEcornihumera. Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) cornihumera Xu, 2002b: 523, figs. 1-4 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis cyphonota TRUE TRUE FALSEcyphonota. Polyrhachis cyphonota Xu, 1998b: 243, figs. 1-4 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis dentihumera TRUE TRUE FALSEdentihumera. Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) dentihumera Xu, 2002b: 524, figs. 5-8 (w.q.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis jianghuaensis TRUE TRUE FALSEjianghuaensis. Polyrhachis jianghuaensis Wang & Wu, 1991: 597, figs. 1, 4, 5, 9 (w.q.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis orbihumera TRUE TRUE FALSEorbihumera. Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) orbihumera Xu, 2002b: 526, figs. 26-29 (w.q.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis paracamponota TRUE TRUE FALSEparacamponota. Polyrhachis paracamponota Wang & Wu, 1991: 599, figs. 3, 7 (w.) CHINA. Combination in P. (Myrma): Dorow, 1995: 37. See also: Kohout, 2006d: 162.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis rotoccipita TRUE TRUE FALSErotoccipita. Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) rotoccipita Xu, 2002b: 528, figs. 30-33 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis rubigastrica TRUE TRUE FALSErubigastrica. Polyrhachis rubigastrica Wu & Wang, in Wang & Wu, 1991: 598, figs. 2, 6, 8 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis schang TRUE TRUE FALSE3 subspecies
schang. Polyrhachis schang Forel, 1879a: 123 (q.) CHINA. Combination in P. (Myrmatopa): Forel, 1915b: 107. Senior synonym of gracilis: Forel, 1909d: 232. Current subspecies: nominal plus alata, amboinae, cnemidata, parvicella.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis shixingensis TRUE TRUE FALSEshixingensis. Polyrhachis shixingensis Wu & Wang, 1995: 166, figs. 334, 348, 351 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis tianjingshanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEtianjingshanensis. Polyrhachis tianjingshanensis Quin & Zhou, 2008: 148, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis tschu TRUE TRUE FALSEtschu. Polyrhachis tschu Forel, 1879a: 122 (q.) CHINA. Combination in P. (Myrmhopla): Emery, 1925b: 191. Subspecies of sexspinosa: Forel, 1909d: 232. Revived status as species: Bolton, 1975c: 13.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis tyrannica TRUE TRUE FALSEtyrannica. Polyrhachis tyrannicus Smith, F. 1858b: 69, pl. 4, fig. 29 (w.) CHINA. Combination in P. (Myrma): Emery, 1925b: 204.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis vigilans TRUE TRUE FALSEvigilans. Polyrhachis vigilans Smith, F. 1858b: 69, pl. 4, fig. 39 (q.) CHINA. Donisthorpe, 1937a: 626 (w.). Combination in P. (Myrma): Emery, 1925b: 204. Senior synonym of pyrgops: Kohout, 1998: 525.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera baka TRUE TRUE FALSEbaka. Ponera baka Xu, 2001a: 57, figs. 22-24 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera bawana TRUE TRUE FALSEbawana. Ponera bawana Xu, 2001c: 220, figs. 19-21 (w.q.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera diodonta TRUE TRUE FALSEdiodonta. Ponera diodonta Xu, 2001c: 221, figs. 25-27 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera guangxiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEguangxiensis. Ponera guangxiensis Zhou, 2001b: 37, 227, figs. 33, 34 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera longlina TRUE TRUE FALSElonglina. Ponera longlina Xu, 2001a: 56, figs. 16-18 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera menglana TRUE TRUE FALSEmenglana. Ponera menglana Xu, 2001a: 54, figs. 7-9 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera nangongshana TRUE TRUE FALSEnangongshana. Ponera nangongshana Xu, 2001a: 55, figs. 13-15 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera paedericera TRUE TRUE FALSEpaedericera. Ponera paedericera Zhou, 2001b: 38, 228, figs. 35-38 (w.q.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera pentodontos TRUE TRUE FALSEpentodontos. Ponera pentodontos Xu, 2001a: 53, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera pianmana TRUE TRUE FALSEpianmana. Ponera pianmana Xu, 2001c: 223, figs. 31-33 (w.) CHINA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera sinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsinensis. Ponera sinensis Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 6 (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). See also: Taylor, 1967a: 53.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera xantha TRUE TRUE FALSExantha. Ponera xantha Xu, 2001c: 219, figs. 13-15 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis angularis TRUE TRUE FALSEangularis. Prenolepis angularis Zhou, 2001b: 173, 242, fig. 344 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis emmae TRUE TRUE FALSEemmae. Prenolepis emmae Forel, 1894c: 406 (footnote) (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Combination in P. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1906b: 133; in Paratrechina (Euprenolepis): Emery, 1925b: 224; in Prenolepis: Brown, 1953h: 7 (where the name was wrongly rendered as P. geei; see Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 80 for correspondence of data). See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 542.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis kohli TRUE TRUE FALSEkohli. Prenolepis kohli Forel, 1916: 438 (w.q.) DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 218; in Prenolepis: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 129.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis longiventris TRUE TRUE FALSElongiventris. Prenolepis longiventris Zhou, 2001b: 173, 241, fig. 343 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis magnocula TRUE TRUE FALSEmagnocula. Prenolepis magnocula Xu, 1995c: 339, figs. 4-6 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis nigriflagella TRUE TRUE FALSEnigriflagella. Prenolepis nigriflagella Xu, 1995c: 338, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis septemdenta TRUE TRUE FALSEseptemdenta. Prenolepis septemdenta Wang, W. & Wu, 2007: 722, figs. 3, 4 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis sphingthoraxa TRUE TRUE FALSEsphingthoraxa. Prenolepis sphingthoraxa Zhou & Zheng, 1998a: 42, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis umbra TRUE TRUE FALSEumbra. Prenolepis umbra Zhou & Zheng, 1998a: 43, figs. 3, 4 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Pristomyrmex hamatus TRUE TRUE FALSEhamatus. Pristomyrmex hamatus Xu & Zhang, 2002: 70, figs. 9-12 (w.) CHINA.
Proceratiinae Probolomyrmecini Probolomyrmex longiscapus TRUE TRUE FALSElongiscapus. Probolomyrmex longiscapus Xu & Zeng, 2000: 216, figs. 9-11 (w.) CHINA. Eguchi, Yoshimura & Yamane, 2006: 18 (q.m.).
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium longmenense TRUE TRUE FALSElongmenense. Proceratium longmenense Xu, 2006: 154, figs. 14 – 16 (w.) CHINA.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium nujiangense TRUE TRUE FALSEnujiangense. Proceratium nujiangense Xu, 2006: 153, figs. 8 – 13 (w.q.) CHINA.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Proceratium zhaoi TRUE TRUE FALSEzhaoi. Proceratium zhaoi Xu, 2000c: 435, figs. 3-10 (w.q.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Proformica buddhaensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbuddhaensis. Proformica mongolica subsp. buddhaensis Ruzsky, 1915a: 432 (w.) CHINA. Raised to species: Dlussky, 1969a: 226; Pisarski, 1969b: 307. Senior synonym of lefevrei: Dlussky, 1969a: 226.
Formicinae Formicini Proformica flavosetosa TRUE TRUE FALSEflavosetosa. Formica (Proformica) flavosetosa Viehmeyer, 1922: 215 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Proformica: Bolton, 1995b: 368.
Formicinae Formicini Proformica jacoti TRUE TRUE FALSEjacoti. Formica (Proformica) jacoti Wheeler, W.M. 1923b: 4 (w.) CHINA. Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 11 (q.). Combination in Proformica: Dlussky, 1969a: 230.
Leptanillinae Anomalomyrmini Protanilla bicolor TRUE TRUE FALSEbicolor. Protanilla bicolor Xu, 2002a: 119, figs. 21-23 (w.) CHINA. See also: Xu & Zhang, 2002: 140.
Leptanillinae Anomalomyrmini Protanilla concolor TRUE TRUE FALSEconcolor. Protanilla concolor Xu, 2002a: 118, figs. 18-20 (w.) CHINA. See also: Xu & Zhang, 2002: 140.
Leptanillinae Anomalomyrmini Protanilla furcomandibula TRUE TRUE FALSEfurcomandibula. Protanilla furcomandibula Xu & Zhang, 2002: 140, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius bidenticlypeus TRUE TRUE FALSEbidenticlypeus. Pseudolasius bidenticlypeus Xu, 1997: 3, figs. 14-16 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius cibdelus TRUE TRUE FALSEcibdelus. Pseudolasius cibdelus Wu & Wang, 1992: 1312, fig. 4607 (s.w.q.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius hummeli TRUE TRUE FALSEhummeli. Pseudolasius hummeli Stitz, 1934: 5, figs. 3, 4 (q.m.) CHINA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius risii TRUE TRUE FALSErisii. Pseudolasius risii Forel, 1894c: 405 (footnote) (w.q.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 12 (m.); Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 37 (s.).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius similus TRUE TRUE FALSEsimilus. Pseudolasius similus Zhou, 2001b: 186, 243, figs. 373-375 (s.w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica ailaoshana TRUE TRUE FALSEailaoshana. Pyramica ailaoshana Xu & Zhou, 2004: 445, figs. 19, 20 (w.q.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica dayui TRUE TRUE FALSEdayui. Epitritus dayui Xu, 2000d: 299, figs. 9-12 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Pyramica: Xu & Zhou, 2004: 449.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica emeswangi TRUE TRUE FALSEemeswangi. Pyramica emeswangi Bolton, 2000: 458 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica lachesis TRUE TRUE FALSElachesis. Pyramica lachesis Bolton, 2000: 389 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica nongba TRUE TRUE FALSEnongba. Pyramica nongba Xu & Zhou, 2004: 443, figs. 7, 8 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica sinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsinensis. Pyramica sinensis Wang, in Bolton, 2000: 390 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica tisiphone TRUE TRUE FALSEtisiphone. Pyramica tisiphone Bolton, 2000: 390 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica wilsoni TRUE TRUE FALSEwilsoni. Pyramica wilsoni Wang, in Bolton, 2000: 469, figs. 277, 298 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Pyramica yangi TRUE TRUE FALSEyangi. Pyramica yangi Xu & Zhou, 2004: 447, figs. 25, 26 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Recurvidris glabriceps TRUE TRUE FALSEglabriceps. Recurvidris glabriceps Zhou, 2000: 301, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA. Also described as new by Zhou, 2001b: 111.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Recurvidris nuwa TRUE TRUE FALSEnuwa. Recurvidris nuwa Xu & Zheng, 1995: 143, figs. 2-4 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Melissotarsini Rhopalomastix umbracapita TRUE TRUE FALSEumbracapita. Rhopalomastix umbracapita Xu, 1999: 131, figs. 1, 4-6 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Formicini Rossomyrmex quandratinodum TRUE TRUE FALSEquandratinodum. Rossomyrmex quandratinodum Xia & Zheng, 1995: 219, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Rotastruma stenoceps TRUE TRUE FALSEstenoceps. Rotastruma stenoceps Bolton, 1991: 9, figs. 13, 15 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Solenopsis indagatrix TRUE TRUE FALSEindagatrix. Solenopsis indagatrix Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 20 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Solenopsis jacoti TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
jacoti. Solenopsis jacoti Wheeler, W.M. 1923b: 2 (w.) CHINA. Current subspecies: nominal plus pekingensis.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Solenopsis soochowensis TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
soochowensis. Solenopsis soochowensis Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 531 (q.m.) CHINA. Current subspecies: nominal plus pieli.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Solenopsis jacoti pekingensis TRUE TRUE FALSEpekingensis. Solenopsis jacoti subsp. pekingensis Wheeler, W.M. 1923b: 2 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Solenopsis soochowensis pieli TRUE TRUE FALSEpieli. Solenopsis soochowensis st. pieli Santschi, 1925f: 86 (q.m.) CHINA. Santschi, 1928b: 35 (w.).
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Strongylognathus potanini TRUE TRUE FALSEpotanini. Strongylognathus potanini Radchenko, 1995e: 57, figs. 1-5 (q.m.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Strongylognathus tylonus TRUE TRUE FALSEtylonus. Strongylognathus tylonum Wei, Xu & He, 2001: 69, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys heteropha TRUE TRUE FALSEheteropha. Strumigenys heteropha Bolton, 2000: 758 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys jiangxiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEjiangxiensis. Strumigenys jiangxiensis Zhou & Xu, 2003: 738, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys pilosa TRUE TRUE FALSEpilosa. Strumigenys pilosa Zhou, 2001b: 81, 232, figs. 129-131 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys rallarhina TRUE TRUE FALSErallarhina. Strumigenys rallarhina Bolton, 2000: 891 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma baculum TRUE TRUE TRUE†baculum. †Tapinoma baculum Zhang, 1989: 283, fig. 284 (caste?) CHINA (Miocene).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma geei TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
geei. Tapinoma geei Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 8 (w.) CHINA. Current subspecies: nominal plus tinctum.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma rectinotum TRUE TRUE FALSErectinotum. Tapinoma rectinotum Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 8 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma silvestrii TRUE TRUE FALSEsilvestrii. Tapinoma silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 30 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma sinense TRUE TRUE FALSEsinense. Tapinoma sinense Emery, 1925d: 61, fig. 14 (w.) CHINA. Santschi, 1925f: 94 (q.m.). See also: Collingwood, 1976: 299.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma geei tinctum TRUE TRUE FALSEtinctum. Tapinoma geei var. tinctum Wheeler, W.M. 1927e: 2 (w.) CHINA.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex antennus TRUE TRUE FALSEantennus. Technomyrmex antennus Zhou, 2001b: 159, 241, figs. 317, 318 (w.) CHINA. See also: Bolton, 2007a: 72.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex obscurior TRUE TRUE FALSEobscurior. Technomyrmex schimmeri var. obscurior Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 31 (w.) CHINA. Raised to species: Bolton, 2007a: 94.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex septentrionalis TRUE TRUE TRUE†septentrionalis. †Technomyrmex septentrionalis Zhang, 1989: 277, fig. 279 (m.?) CHINA (Miocene). Incertae sedis in Technomyrmex: Bolton, 2007a: 123.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax angulohumerus TRUE TRUE FALSEangulohumerus. Temnothorax angulohumerus Zhou, et al. 2010: 12, figs. 1-3 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax argentipes TRUE TRUE FALSEargentipes. Leptothorax argentipes Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 25 (w.q.) CHINA. Combination in Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax brevispinus TRUE TRUE FALSEbrevispinus. Leptothorax brevispinus Chang & He, 2001b: 2, figs. 1, 5, 9 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Temnothorax: Zhou, et al. 2010: 10 (in key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax eburneipes TRUE TRUE FALSEeburneipes. Leptothorax congruus var. eburneipes Wheeler, W.M. 1927e: 1 (w.) CHINA. Raised to species: Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 8. Combination in Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax hengshanensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhengshanensis. Leptothorax hengshanensis Huang, Chen & Zhou, 2004: 766 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Temnothorax: Zhou, et al. 2010: 9 (in key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax leyeensis TRUE TRUE FALSEleyeensis. Temnothorax leyeensis Zhou, et al. 2010: 23, figs. 22-24 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax maoerensis TRUE TRUE FALSEmaoerensis. Temnothorax maoerensis Zhou, et al. 2010: 15, figs. 7-9 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax opaciabdomin TRUE TRUE FALSEopaciabdomin. Leptothorax opaciabdomin Chang & He, 2001b: 2, figs. 2, 6, 10 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Temnothorax: Zhou, et al. 2010: 10 (in key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax orchidus TRUE TRUE FALSEorchidus. Temnothorax orchidus Zhou, et al. 2010: 14, figs. 4-6 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax reduncus TRUE TRUE FALSEreduncus. Tetramorium reduncum Wang & Wu, in Wang, Xiao & Wu, 1988: 268, figs. 21, 22 (w.) CHINA. See also: Wang & Wu 1995: 84. Combination in Leptothorax: Wang, in Bolton, 1995b: 243; in Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 271.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax reticulatus TRUE TRUE FALSEreticulatus. Leptothorax reticulatus Chang & He, 2001b: 3, figs. 3, 7, 11 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Temnothorax: Zhou, et al. 2010: 11 (in key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax ruginosus TRUE TRUE FALSEruginosus. Temnothorax ruginosus Zhou, et al. 2010: 18, figs. 13-15 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax shannxiensis TRUE TRUE FALSEshannxiensis. Temnothorax shannxiensis Zhou, et al. 2010: 20, figs. 16-18 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax striatus TRUE TRUE FALSEstriatus. Temnothorax striatus Zhou, et al. 2010: 17, figs. 10-12 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax wui TRUE TRUE FALSEwui. Leptothorax congruus var. wui Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 7 (w.q.m.) CHINA. Combination in Temnothorax: Radchenko, 2004: 129. Raised to species: Radchenko, 2004: 129.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Temnothorax zhejiangensis TRUE TRUE FALSEzhejiangensis. Temnothorax zhejiangensis Zhou, et al. 2010: 21, figs. 19-21 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium annectens TRUE TRUE FALSEannectens. Tetramorium annectens Pisarski, 1969a: 230 (w.) CHINA. [First available use of Tetramorium caespitum subsp. jacoti var. annectens Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 7; unavailable name.] Csösz, Radchenko & Schulz, 2007: 17 (q.m.). Junior synonym of jacoti: Radchenko. 1992b: 51. Revived from synonymy: Csösz, Radchenko & Schulz, 2007: 16. See also: Yasumatsu, 1962: 96; Dlussky & Pisarski, 1970: 86.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium cardiocarenum TRUE TRUE FALSEcardiocarenum. Tetramorium cardiocarenum Xu & Zheng, 1994: 286, figs. 2, 9 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium crepum TRUE TRUE FALSEcrepum. Tetramorium crepum Wang & Wu, in Wang, M., Xiao & Wu, 1988: 269, fig. 28 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium cyclolobium TRUE TRUE FALSEcyclolobium. Tetramorium cyclolobium Xu & Zheng, 1994: 287, figs. 4, 10 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium dunhuangense TRUE TRUE FALSEdunhuangense. Tetramorium dunhuangense Chang & He, 2001a: 5, figs. 9, 10, 13-15, 20 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium guangxiense TRUE TRUE FALSEguangxiense. Tetramorium guangxiensis Zhou & Zheng, 1997a: 48, figs. 3, 4 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium mai TRUE TRUE FALSEmai. Tetramorium mai Wang, M. 1993b: 433, fig. 1 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium ochrothorax TRUE TRUE FALSEochrothorax. Tetramorium ochrothorax Chang & He, 2001a: 5, figs. 11, 12 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium repletum TRUE TRUE FALSErepletum. Tetramorium repletum Wang & Xiao, in Wang, M., Xiao & Wu, 1988: 166, figs. 8, 9 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium shensiense TRUE TRUE FALSEshensiense. Tetramorium shensiense Bolton, 1977: 83, fig. 10 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium striabdomen TRUE TRUE FALSEstriabdomen. Tetramorium striabdomen Chang & He, 2001a: 4, figs. 7, 8, 19 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium undatium TRUE TRUE FALSEundatium. Tetramorium undatium Chang & He, 2001a: 4, figs. 5, 6, 18 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium yulongense TRUE TRUE FALSEyulongense. Tetramorium yulongense Xu & Zheng, 1994: 288, figs. 6, 12 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium caespitum pallidum TRUE TRUE FALSEpallidum. Tetramorium caespitum var. pallida Stitz, 1934: 2 (w.) CHINA.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera amargina TRUE TRUE FALSEamargina. Tetraponera amargina Xu & Chai, 2004: 73, figs. 58-62 (w.q.) CHINA.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera concava TRUE TRUE FALSEconcava. Tetraponera concava Xu & Chai, 2004: 65, figs. 6-10 (w.) CHINA.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera convexa TRUE TRUE FALSEconvexa. Tetraponera convexa Xu & Chai, 2004: 69, figs. 33-37 (w.) CHINA.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera furcata TRUE TRUE FALSEfurcata. Tetraponera furcata Xu & Chai, 2004: 70, figs. 43-47 (w.) CHINA.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera microcarpa TRUE TRUE FALSEmicrocarpa. Tetraponera microcarpa Wu & Wang, 1990: 515, fig. 1 (w.) CHINA. See also: Ward, 2001: 615.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera protensa TRUE TRUE FALSEprotensa. Tetraponera protensa Xu & Chai, 2004: 71, figs. 48-52 (w.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Vollenhovia lucimandibula TRUE TRUE FALSElucimandibula. Vollenhovia lucimandibula Wang, W., Zhou & Huang, 2005: 835, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.m.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Vollenhovia pyrrhoria TRUE TRUE FALSEpyrrhoria. Vollenhovia pyrrhoria Wu & Xiao, 1989: 239, fig. 1 (w.q.) CHINA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Vombisidris umbrabdomina TRUE TRUE FALSEumbrabdomina. Vombisidris umbrabdomina Huang & Zhou, 2006: 206, figs. 1, 2 (w.) CHINA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus andrewsi TRUE TRUE FALSEandrewsi. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) andrewsi Donisthorpe, 1936e: 527 (s.m.) CHRISTMAS I.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus melichloros TRUE TRUE FALSEmelichloros. Camponotus melichloros Kirby, W.F. 1888: 551 (w.) CHRISTMAS I. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Donisthorpe, 1935: 635.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys harmsi TRUE TRUE FALSEharmsi. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) harmsi Donisthorpe, 1935: 631 (w.m.) CHRISTMAS I.
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla christmasi TRUE TRUE FALSEchristmasi. Euponera (Mesoponera) christmasi Donisthorpe, 1935: 630 (w.) CHRISTMAS I. Combination in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 304.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus hospes adultus TRUE TRUE FALSEadultus. Camponotus (Myrmomalis) hospes subsp. adultus Viehmeyer, 1916a: 157 (w.) EAST MALAYSIA. Combination in C. (Myrmoplatys): Emery, 1925b: 136.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 89 species, 19 subspecies
Fossil: 7 species
Tetraponera Smith, F. 1852: 44. Type-species: Tetraponera atrata (junior synonym of Eciton nigrum), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 173.
Taxonomic history
Tetraponera in Formicidae, Poneridae: Smith, F. 1857a: 70.
Tetraponera in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1877b: 68.
Tetraponera in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 24.
Tetraponera in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 654; subsequent authors to the following.
Tetraponera in Pseudomyrmecinae: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17; all subsequent authors.
Tetraponera as junior synonym of Pseudomyrma: Roger, 1863b: 24; Mayr, 1863: 451.
Tetraponera as junior synonym of Sima: Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Bingham, 1903: 107; Emery, 1917a: 95.
Tetraponera as subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1900d: 673; Emery, 1915b: 266; Arnold, 1916: 180; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 24.
Tetraponera as genus: Smith, F. 1852: 44; Smith, F. 1857a: 70; Smith, F. 1877b: 68; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 654; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17; Ward, 1990: 470; Bolton, 1994: 184.
Junior synonyms of TETRAPONERA
Sima Roger, 1863a: 178. Type-species: Sima compressa (junior synonym of Pseudomyrma allaborans), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Eciton rufonigrum, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1915b: 266, repeated in Emery, 1917a: 95 and Emery, 1921f: 22.]
Sima in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 328.
Sima in Myrmicidae, Myrmeciidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Sima in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 25 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1866b: 906 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53.
Sima in Myrmicidae, Pseudomyrminae: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Sima in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 768; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 40; Arnold, 1916: 173; Emery, 1921f: 21.
Sima as genus: Roger, 1863a: 178; Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1868c: 100; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Emery, 1900d: 672; Bingham, 1903: 107; Emery, 1914a: 40; Emery, 1915b: 266; Arnold, 1916: 173; Emery, 1917a: 95; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 21.
Sima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Smith, F. 1877b: 68; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 47; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 105; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726; Ward, 1990: 470.
Pachysima Emery, 1912b: 97 [as subgenus of Sima]. Type-species: Tetraponera aethiops, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pachysima in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 22.
Pachysima in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112, 654.
Pachysima as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 308 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112, 654.
Pachysima as subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1912b: 97; Arnold, 1916: 174; Emery, 1921f: 22.
Pachysima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Ward, 1990: 470.
Viticicola Wheeler, W.M. 1919i: 130 (in text). Type-species: Sima tessmanni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Viticicola also as new in Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53.]
Viticicola in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 107, 654.
Viticicola as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Ward, 1990: 470.
[Viticola Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Parasima Donisthorpe, 1948d: 592 [as subgenus of Tetraponera]. [Unnecessary replacement name for Sima in the sense of Emery, 1921f: 23.]
Taxonomic history
Parasima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Ward, 1990: 470.
Genus Tetraponera references
Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 25 (Sima diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (Sima diagnosis); Mayr, 1868c: 101 (†Baltic Amber species key); Smith, F. 1877b: 68 (checklist); Dalla Torre, 1893: 53 (catalogue); Emery, 1900d: 17 (Asia & Australia species key); Forel, 1903a: 708 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 107 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1916: 173 (Sima diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1921f: 21 (Sima diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 22 (S. (Pachysima) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 24 (S. (Tetraponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112 (Pachysima species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 104, 107, 112 (Tetraponera, Viticicola, Pachysima diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 795, 801 (Afrotropical Tetraponera, Viticicola, Pachysima catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1014 (Malagasy catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 79 (Australia checklist); Wu, J. & Wang, 1990: 516 (China species key); Dlussky & Radchenko, 1990: 120 (Vietnam species key); Ward, 1990: 470 (diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 184 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 416 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 55 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 312 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 208 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 64 (China, Guangxi species key); Ward, 2001: 596 (Oriental & Australian, all species, revision, key); Xu & Chai, 2004: 64 (China species key); Ward, 2006: 120 (Afrotropical species groups key); Ward, 2006: 123 (T. ambigua group, key); Ward, 2009: 288 (T. grandidieri group, key); Dlussky, 2009: 1084 (Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 128 (Taiwan species key).
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Simopone TRUE TRUE FALSE17 species
Simopone Forel, 1891b: 139. Type-species: Simopone grandidieri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Simopone in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Simopone in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Simopone in Dorylinae, Cylindromyrmecini: Emery, 1901a: 34.
Simopone in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Simopone in Ponerinae, Cylindromyrmecini: Emery, 1911d: 15; Arnold, 1915: 20; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 640; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 25.
Simopone in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137 [subtribe Cylindromyrmecini]; Brown, 1975: 18; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Simopone in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Bolton, 1994: 19; Bolton, 2003: 34.
Simopone as subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 1892l: 243.
Simopone as genus: Forel, 1891b: 139; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 15; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726; Brown, 1975: 35; all subsequent authors.
Genus Simopone references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 17 (catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 15 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 20 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 757, 1005 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 25 (Asia checklist); Brown, 1975: 35 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species key); Radchenko, 1993b: 47 (Indo-Australian species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 383 (catalogue).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Romblonella TRUE TRUE FALSE8 species, 1 subspecies
Romblonella Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 5. Type-species: Romblonella grandinodis (junior synonym of Myrmica opaca), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Romblonella in Myrmicinae, Meranoplini: Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 6 (in key); all subsequent authors to the following.
Romblonella in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Smith, M.R. 1953f: 163.
Romblonella in Myrmicinae, Meranoplini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16.
Romblonella in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Taylor, 1991da: 294.
Romblonella in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Genus Romblonella references
Chapman & Capco, 1951: 114 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1953a: 76 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Taylor, 1991da: 283 (review of genus, partial key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 381 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 164 (Australia synopsis).
Ponerinae Ponerini Dinoponera TRUE TRUE FALSE6 species, 2 subspecies
Dinoponera Roger, 1861a: 37. Type-species: Ponera grandis (junior synonym of Dinoponera gigantea), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dinoponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 14 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 31.
Dinoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Dinoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1895b: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 63 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Genus Dinoponera references
Roger, 1863b: 19 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 407 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 14 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 31 (catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 63 (diagnosis, catalogue); Kempf, 1971: 387 (all species revision, key); Kempf, 1972a: 96 (catalogue); Brandão, 1991: 340 (catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 171 (catalogue); Bolton, 2003: 161 (synopsis); Fernández, 2008: 139 (all species key).
Myrmicinae Adelomyrmecini Adelomyrmex grandis TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandis. Adelomyrmex grandis Fernández, 2003b: 18, figs. 34, 75 (w.) COLOMBIA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus grandis TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandis. Aenictus grandis Bingham, 1903: 11, fig. 9 (m.) MYANMAR.
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus grandidieri TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandidieri. Anochetus grandidieri Forel, 1891b: 108, pl. 3, fig. 9 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Fisher & Smith, 2008: 8 (q.m.). Senior synonym of madecassus: Brown, 1978c: 557.
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus katonae TRUE TRUE FALSEkatonae. Anochetus grandidieri var. katonae Forel, 1907a: 1 (w.) TANZANIA. Raised to species and senior synonym of concinnus, durbanensis, gnomulus, lamottei, longiceps, occidentalis, parvus, punctatus: Brown, 1978c: 557 (see also p. 607).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus auropubens TRUE TRUE FALSE4 subspecies
auropubens. Camponotus foraminosus r. auropubens Forel, 1894b: 67 (w.) MOZAMBIQUE. Combination in C. (Myrmotrema): Santschi, 1914e: 41. Subspecies of grandidieri: Mayr, 1895: 150; of foraminosus: Emery, 1896d: 376; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 250. Raised to species: Santschi, 1915c: 267 (in key); Arnold, 1924: 728; Emery, 1925b: 131. Current subspecies: nominal plus absalon, aldabrensis, argentopubens, jacob.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus benguelensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbenguelensis. Camponotus foraminosus st. benguelensis Santschi, 1911g: 213 (s.w.q.m.) ANGOLA. Combination in C. (Myrmotrema): Santschi, 1915c: 269. Subspecies of grandidieri: Emery, 1925b: 132. Raised to species: Santschi, 1937d: 244.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus carbonarius TRUE TRUE FALSEcarbonarius. Formica carbonaria Latreille, 1802c: 114, pl. 3, fig. 8 (w.) "GRAND-INDES". Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 2. Subgenus indeterminate: Emery, 1925b: 171.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus gigas TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
gigas. Formica gigas Latreille, 1802c: 105, pl. 2, fig. 6 (s.) "Grandes-Indes". Smith, F. 1858b: 14 (w.q.m.). Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1862: 669; in Dinomyrmex: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; in C. (Myrmogigas): Forel, 1912i: 91; in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1914a: 268. See also: Bingham, 1903: 369. Current subspecies: nominal plus borneensis.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus grandidieri TRUE TRUE FALSE4 subspecies
grandidieri. Camponotus grandidieri Forel, 1886c: ciii (s.w.) MADAGASCAR. [Camponotus grandidieri Forel, 1879a: 115. Nomen nudum.] Forel, 1891b: 39 (s.); Forel, 1892l: 232 (m.); Forel, 1912k: 166 (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmotrema): Forel, 1913a: 145. Subspecies of foraminosus: Mayr, 1893: 195; Forel, 1907e: 14. Revived status as species: Forel, 1914a: 270. Current subspecies: nominal plus atrabilis, comorensis, eumendax, ruspolii.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus simillimus TRUE TRUE FALSE3 subspecies
simillimus. Formica simillima Smith, F. 1862b: 30 (q.) PANAMA. Forel, 1886f: 152 (s.w.). Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1870a: 374; in C. (Myrmoturba): Santschi, 1922c: 97; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 82. Subspecies of sylvaticus: Mayr, 1880: 23; of rubripes: Forel, 1886f: 143; of maculatus: Emery, 1890b: 56; Forel, 1912i: 70; of picipes: Emery, 1920b: 233. Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 253; Emery, 1894g: 372; Santschi, 1922c: 97; Emery, 1925b: 82. Current subspecies: nominal plus atratior, impatibilis, indianus, riograndensis.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus pilicornis siculus TRUE TRUE FALSEsiculus. Camponotus sylvaticus var. sicula Grandi, 1935: 102 (s.w.q.) ITALY (Sicily). [First available use of Camponotus maculatus subsp. pilicornis var. sicula Emery, 1908a: 198; unavailable name.] Currently subspecies of pilicornis: Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 186.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus grandidieri ruspolii TRUE TRUE FALSEruspolii. Camponotus foraminosus r. ruspolii Forel, 1892d: 349 (w.) SOMALIA. Menozzi, 1926a: 39 (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmotrema): Forel, 1913b: 341. Subspecies of foraminosus: Emery, 1896d: 376; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 981. Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 250; Emery, 1920b: 258. Currently subspecies of grandidieri: Santschi, 1915c: 269; Emery, 1925b: 132; Menozzi, 1926a: 39.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus grandidieri eumendax TRUE TRUE FALSEeumendax. Camponotus grandidieri eumendax Özdikmen, 2010a: 526. Replacement name for mendax Emery, 1895h: 54. [Junior primary homonym of mendax Forel, 1895e: 454.]
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus grandidieri atrabilis TRUE TRUE FALSEatrabilis. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) grandidieri var. atrabilis Santschi, 1915c: 273 (w.) MADAGASCAR.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus grandidieri comorensis TRUE TRUE FALSEcomorensis. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) grandidieri var. comorensis Santschi, 1915c: 274 (s.w.) COMORO IS.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus simillimus riograndensis TRUE TRUE FALSEriograndensis. Camponotus rubripes r. riograndensis Emery, 1888c: 364 (s.w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Santschi, 1922c: 97; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 83. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 250; Emery, 1894g: 373; Forel, 1895b: 104. Subspecies of picipes: Emery, 1920b: 233. Currently subspecies of simillimus: Santschi, 1922c: 97.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara grandidieri TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandidieri. Oligomyrmex grandidieri Forel, 1891b: 201 (q.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1895c: 250 (m.). Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Myrmicinae Cataulacini Cataulacus granulatus TRUE TRUE FALSEgranulatus. Formica granulata Latreille, 1802c: 275, pl. 12, fig. 75 (w.) "GRAND INDES". Emery, 1893e: 215 (q.m.); Bingham, 1903: 123 (q.); Bolton, 1974a: 65 (m.). Combination in Cataulacus: Smith, F. 1853: 226. Senior synonym of hispidus: Bolton, 1974a: 64.
Myrmicinae Cephalotini Cephalotes grandinosus TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandinosus. Cryptocerus grandinosus Smith, F. 1860c: 76, pl. 4, fig. 5 (w.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1894c: 219 (s.q.). Combination in Cryptocerus (Cyathocephalus): Santschi, 1919f: 47; in Paracryptocerus (Harnedia): Kempf, 1952: 11; in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 386; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 433. Junior synonym of pinelii: Emery, 1890b: 75; Forel, 1895b: 134. Revived from synonymy: Luederwaldt, 1918: 41. Senior synonym of nevadensis: Kempf, 1952: 11.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys grandis TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandis. Phyracaces grandis Clark, 1934b: 22, pl. 2, fig. 2 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 22.
Ponerinae Ponerini Dinoponera australis TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
australis. Dinoponera grandis subsp. australis Emery, 1901a: 48 (w.) PARAGUAY. Santschi, 1921g: 85 (m.). Raised to species: Borgmeier, 1937b: 227. Senior synonym of brevis: Kempf, 1971: 382. Current subspecies: nominal plus bucki, nigricolor.
Ponerinae Ponerini Dinoponera gigantea TRUE TRUE FALSEgigantea. Ponera gigantea Perty, 1833: 135, pl. 27, fig. 3 (w.) BRAZIL. Kempf, 1971: 372 (m.). Combination in Dinoponera: Roger, 1861a: 38. Senior synonym of grandis: Roger, 1861a: 38; Kempf, 1971: 371.
Ponerinae Ponerini Dinoponera longipes TRUE TRUE FALSElongipes. Dinoponera grandis subsp. longipes Emery, 1901a: 48 (w.) PERU. Raised to species: Kempf, 1971: 375.
Ponerinae Ponerini Dinoponera lucida TRUE TRUE FALSElucida. Dinoponera grandis subsp. lucida Emery, 1901a: 48 (w.) BRAZIL. Raised to species: Kempf, 1971: 376.
Ponerinae Ponerini Dinoponera mutica TRUE TRUE FALSEmutica. Dinoponera grandis subsp. mutica Emery, 1901a: 48 (w.) BRAZIL. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 607 (l.). Raised to species: Kempf, 1971: 378.
Ponerinae Ponerini Dinoponera quadriceps TRUE TRUE FALSEquadriceps. Dinoponera quadriceps Kempf, 1971: 380 (w.) BRAZIL. [First available use of Dinoponera grandis st. mutica var. quadriceps Santschi, 1921g: 84; unavailable name.] Senior synonym of opaca: Kempf, 1975c: 344.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus mesonotalis TRUE TRUE FALSEmesonotalis. Dolichoderus mesonotalis Forel, 1907a: 26 (w.) BRAZIL. Mackay, 1993b: 77 (m.). Combination in D. (Hypoclinea): Emery, 1913a: 12; in Hypoclinea: Kempf, 1972a: 120; in Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 77. Senior synonym of grandii, simplex: Mackay, 1993b: 77.
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Dorymyrmex grandulus TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandulus. Prenolepis (Nylanderia) parvula var. grandula Forel, 1922: 98 (w.) U.S.A. Trager, 1988: 24 (q.). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 222; Creighton, 1950a: 409; in Conomyrma: Trager, 1984b: 64; in Dorymyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 85. Junior synonym of parvula: Creighton, 1950a: 409. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Trager, 1984: 64. See also: Johnson, C. 1989b: 192 (in key).
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Forelius grandis TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandis. Forelius chalybaeus r. grandis Forel, 1912h: 46 (w.) ARGENTINA. Forel, 1914d: 285 (q.m.). Raised to species: Kusnezov, 1954b: 37; Kusnezov, 1957b: 18 (in key). [Santschi, 1916e: 393 erroneously refers to this taxon as major.] Senior synonym of debenedettii and material of the unavailable names basalis, symbiotica referred here: Cuezzo, 2000: 242.
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Forelius rubriceps TRUE TRUE FALSErubriceps. Forelius chalybaeus var. rubriceps Gallardo, 1916a: 85 (w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. [First available use of Forelius chalybaeus r. grandis var. rubriceps Forel, 1914d: 286; unavailable name.] Raised to species: Kusnezov, 1957b: 17 (in key). See also:Cuezzo, 2000: 265.
Formicinae Formicini Formica abdominalis FALSE FALSE FALSEabdominalis. Formica abdominalis Latreille, 1802c: 175, pl. 3, fig. 13 (q.) "Grandes Indes". Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Formica: Bolton, 1995b: 190.
Formicinae Formicini Formica grandis TRUE TRUE TRUE†grandis. †Formica grandis Carpenter, 1930: 57, pl. 6, fig. 3 (q.) U.S.A. (Oligocene).
Ponerinae Ponerini Hypoponera grandidieri TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandidieri. Ponera grandidieri Santschi, 1921c: 114, fig. 1 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in Hypoponera: Bolton, 1995b: 214.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Lachnomyrmex grandis TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandis. Lachnomyrmex grandis Fernández & Baena, 1997: 111, fig. 2 (w.) COLOMBIA. Feitosa & Brandão, 2008: 17 (q.).
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius grandis TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandis. Lasius niger var. grandis Forel, 1909c: 104 (w.) SPAIN. Seifert, 1992b: 32 (q.). Junior synonym of alienus: Wilson, 1955a: 77; of niger: Yarrow, 1967: 30. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Seifert, 1992b: 32.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys grandidieri TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandidieri. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) grandidieri Forel, 1910a: 17 (w.) MADAGASCAR. See also: Bolton, 1975a: 296.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys intermedia TRUE TRUE FALSEintermedia. Leptogenys intermedia Emery, 1902c: 32 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. See also: Forel, 1914d: 214. Junior synonym of nitida Smith: Bolton, 1975a: 289. First available replacement name for nitida Smith, F. 1858b: 92 [Junior primary homonym of †nitida Heer, 1849: 149.]; designated by Bolton, 1995b: 231. Hence senior synonym of tenuis: Forel, 1912n: 52; Bolton, 1975a: 289; of adpressa, aena, capensis, deflocata, gracilis, grandior, insinuata, intermedia, speculans: Bolton, 1975a: 289.
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Linepithema humile TRUE TRUE FALSEhumile. Hypoclinea humilis Mayr, 1868b: 164 (w.) ARGENTINA. Forel, 1908c: 395 (m.); Newell, 1908: 28 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 186 (l.); Crozier, 1969: 250 (k.). Combination in H. (Iridomyrmex): Mayr, 1870b: 959; in Iridomyrmex: Emery, 1888d: 386; in Linepithema: Shattuck, 1992a: 16. Senior synonym of arrogans, riograndensis: Wild, 2004: 1207. See also: Gallardo, 1916a: 97; Bernard, 1967: 251; Collingwood, 1979: 33; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1418; Ward, 1987: 1; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1990a: 465; Shattuck, 1994: 123; Wild, 2007a: 61; Solis, Fox, Rossi & Bueno, 2010: 19.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor bouvieri TRUE TRUE FALSEbouvieri. Messor bouvieri Bondroit, 1918: 154, fig. 75 (s.w.) FRANCE. Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 31 (q.). Subspecies of instabilis: Menozzi, 1926b: 181. Junior synonym of sanctus: Bernard, 1967: 148. Subspecies of sanctus: Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 30; Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 430; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 65. Revived status as species: Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 63; Collingwood, 1978: 68; Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 426. Material of the unavailable name grandiceps referred here by Collingwood, 1978: 68.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor semirufus TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
semirufus. Aphaenogaster barbara var. semirufa André, 1883b: 355 (w.q.) vicinity of CASPIAN SEA. Combination in Messor: Ruzsky, 1905b: 750. Junior synonym of caducus: Emery, 1891b: 11. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of barbarus: Emery, 1908e: 447; Forel, 1910a: 9; Santschi, 1921a: 110. Raised to species: Santschi, 1927c: 227; Menozzi, 1933b: 52; Collingwood, 1985: 252. Senior synonym of kutteri, nigricans and material of the unavailable name obscurior referred here: Baroni Urbani, 1974: 227. Current subspecies: nominal plus emeryi, grandinidus.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor semirufus grandinidus TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandinidus. Messor barbarus subsp. grandinida Emery, 1912f: 93 (w.q.m.) TUNISIA. [First available use of Messor barbarus st. meridionalis var. grandinida Santschi, 1910a: 43; unavailable name.] Currently subspecies of semirufus: Menozii, 1927: 379; Santschi, 1927c: 231.
Ecitoninae Ecitonini Neivamyrmex pseudops TRUE TRUE FALSEpseudops. Eciton pseudops Forel, 1909a: 254 (w.) PARAGUAY. Borgmeier, 1936: 64 (q.); Borgmeier, 1939: 408 (m.). Combination in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1910b: 25; in E. (Neivamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1948b: 462; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 8. Senior synonym of grandipseudops: Borgmeier, 1936: 64; of garbei: Borgmeier, 1953: 9. See also: Borgmeier, 1955: 336.
Formicinae Oecophyllini Oecophylla grandimandibula TRUE TRUE TRUE†grandimandibula. †Oecophylla grandimandibula Riou, 1999: 130 (alate, sex not indicated) FRANCE (Miocene).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole anthracina TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
anthracina. Pheidole anthracina Forel, 1902h: 419 (s.w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus grandii, orba.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole grandinodus TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandinodus. Pheidole grandinodus Wilson, 2003: 699, figs. (s.w.) BRAZIL.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole anthracina grandii TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandii. Pheidole anthracina subsp. grandii Emery, 1914b: 183 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA.
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis grandis TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandis. Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) grandis Donisthorpe, 1949g: 415 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Romblonella opaca TRUE TRUE FALSEopaca. Myrmica opaca Smith, F. 1861b: 47 (w.) INDONESIA (Sulawesi). Combination in Tetramorium: Emery, 1901g: 567; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 469; in Romblonella: Bolton, 1976: 294. Senior synonym of grandinodis: Bolton, 1976: 294.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Simopone grandidieri TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandidieri. Simopone grandidieri Forel, 1891b: 141, pl. 4, fig. 8 (w.) MADAGASCAR.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Simopone grandis TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandis. Simopone grandis Santschi, 1923e: 259 (w.) DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. See also: Brown, 1975: 79.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys grandidieri TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandidieri. Strumigenys grandidieri Forel, 1892k: 517 (w.) MADAGASCAR. See also: Brown, 1954k: 12; Fisher, in Bolton, 2000: 654.
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys langrandi TRUE TRUE FALSElangrandi. Strumigenys langrandi Fisher, in Bolton, 2000: 686 (w.q.) MADAGASCAR.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex grandis TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandis. Technomyrmex grandis Emery, 1887a: 248 (w.) INDONESIA (Sumatra). Senior synonym of bandarensis: Bolton, 2007a: 83.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium diomedeum TRUE TRUE FALSEdiomedeum. Tetramorium caespitum var. diomedea Emery, 1908d: 24 (w.q.) ITALY. Subspecies of ferox: Grandi, 1935: 102; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 138. Raised to species: Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 435; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 56. Junior synonym of ferox: Bernard, 1967: 235; Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 201; Radchenko, 1992b: 55. Revived status as species: Sanetra, Güsten & Schulz, 1999: 324. Senior synonym of bariensis: Emery, 1916b: 194; Sanetra, Güsten & Schulz, 1999: 324; of laevior: Csösz & Schulz, 2010: 17.
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium grandinode TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandinode. Tetramorium grandinode Santschi, 1913c: 308 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Senior synonym of hopensis: Bolton, 1980: 247.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera grandidieri TRUE TRUE FALSEgrandidieri. Sima grandidieri Forel, 1891b: 203, pl. 5, fig. 3 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1891b: 229 (q.m.). Combination in Tetraponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1014. Senior synonym of hildebrandti: Ward, 2009: 289.
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera variegata TRUE TRUE FALSEvariegata. Sima grandidieri var. variegata Forel, 1895h: 487 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Santschi, 1926a: 27 (q.). Combination in Tetraponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1014. Raised to species: Ward, 2009: 300.
Myrmicinae Cataulacini Cataulacus granulatus TRUE TRUE FALSEgranulatus. Formica granulata Latreille, 1802c: 275, pl. 12, fig. 75 (w.) "GRAND INDES". Emery, 1893e: 215 (q.m.); Bingham, 1903: 123 (q.); Bolton, 1974a: 65 (m.). Combination in Cataulacus: Smith, F. 1853: 226. Senior synonym of hispidus: Bolton, 1974a: 64.
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus risii TRUE TRUE FALSErisii. Anochetus risii Forel, 1900c: 60 (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 84 (m.); Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 8 (q.). Senior synonym of gracilis: Brown, 1978c: 558 (see also p. 577).
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Bothriomyrmex wroughtonii victoriae TRUE TRUE FALSEvictoriae. Bothriomyrmex wroughtonii var. victoriae Forel, 1895e: 469 (diagnosis in key) (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus irritans hongkongensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhongkongensis. Camponotus maculatus subsp. hongkongensis Forel, 1912n: 62 (s.w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 94. Currently subspecies of irritans: Emery, 1920c: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 76.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara castanea TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
castanea. Carebara castanea Smith, F. 1858b: 178 (q.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Current subspecies: nominal plus augustata.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma rugosum anceps TRUE TRUE FALSEanceps. Diacamma rugosum var. anceps Matsumura & Uchida, 1926: 51 (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). [First available use of Diacamma rugosum subsp. geometricum var. anceps Emery, 1897b: 155; unavailable name.]
Ponerinae Ponerini Harpegnathos venator rugosus TRUE TRUE FALSErugosus. Drepanognathus rugosus Mayr, 1862: 723 (q.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Combination in Harpegnathos: Forel, 1900c: 65. Currently subspecies of venator: Forel, 1900c: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 4.
Ponerinae Ponerini Harpegnathos saltator cruentatus TRUE TRUE FALSEcruentatus. Drepanognathus cruentatus Smith, F. 1858b: 82 (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Forel, 1900c: 65 (q.m.). Combination in Harpegnathos: Forel, 1900c: 65. Junior synonym of saltator: Bingham, 1903: 50; Emery, 1911d: 59. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of saltator: Donisthorpe, 1937b: 198.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium bimaculatum TRUE TRUE FALSEbimaculatum. Monomorium bimaculatum Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 19 (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole hongkongensis TRUE TRUE FALSEhongkongensis. Pheidole rinae subsp. hongkongensis Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 11 (s.w.q.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Raised to species: Zhou & Zheng, 1999: 87; Zhou, 2001b: 123; subspecies of rinae: Eguchi, 2001a: 23; revived status as species: Eguchi, Yamane & Zhou, 2007: 259. See also: Eguchi, 2008: 40.
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera sinensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsinensis. Ponera sinensis Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 6 (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). See also: Taylor, 1967a: 53.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis emmae TRUE TRUE FALSEemmae. Prenolepis emmae Forel, 1894c: 406 (footnote) (w.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Combination in P. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1906b: 133; in Paratrechina (Euprenolepis): Emery, 1925b: 224; in Prenolepis: Brown, 1953h: 7 (where the name was wrongly rendered as P. geei; see Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 80 for correspondence of data). See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 542.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Pseudolasius risii TRUE TRUE FALSErisii. Pseudolasius risii Forel, 1894c: 405 (footnote) (w.q.) CHINA (Hong Kong). Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 12 (m.); Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 37 (s.).
Dolichoderinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 28 genera, 692 species, 130 subspecies
Fossil: 16 genera, 103 species
Dolichoderidae Forel, 1878: 364. Type-genus: Dolichoderus.
Taxonomic history
Dolichoderinae as family: Emery, 1894g: 378 [Dolichoderidae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 384 [Dolichoderidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 94 [Dolichoderidae]; Bernard, 1951: 1071 [Dolichoderidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 255 [Dolichoderidae].
Dolichoderinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1882a: 127 [Dolichoderidae].
Dolichoderinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Forel, 1878: 364 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Nasonov, 1889: 26 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1892j: 220 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1893a: 165; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Forel, 1895b: 107 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery, 1895j: 771 [subfamily spelled Dolichoderini]; Emery, 1896e: 186; Forel, 1899c: 98; Bingham, 1903: 288; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 2; Arnold, 1915: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 71; Wheeler, 1915g: 811 [Dolichoderides]; Arnold, 1915: 143; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 178; Forel, 1917: 247; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Dolichoderini]; Bondroit, 1918: 86 [Dolichoderitae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 199; Borgmeier, 1923: 80; Karavaiev, 1936: 163; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 833; Clark, 1951: 16; Brown, 1954e: 29; Kempf, 1972a: 266; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 41; Brown, 1973b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Dolichoderinae as formicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 18, 80.
Dolichoderinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102.
Dolichoderinae as formicoid dolichoderomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007a: 556.
Tribes (extant) of Dolichoderinae: Bothriomyrmecini, Dolichoderini, Leptomyrmecini, Tapinomini.
Tribes (extinct) incertae sedis in Dolichoderinae: †Miomyrmecini, †Zherichiniini.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Dolichoderinae: †Alloiomma, †Asymphylomyrmex, †Elaeomyrmex, †Elaphrodites, †Eldermyrmex, †Emplastus, †Eotapinoma, †Eurymyrmex, †Kotshkorkia, †Leptomyrmula, †Miomyrmex, †Petraeomyrmex, †Proiridomyrmex, †Protazteca, †Zherichinius.
Subfamily Dolichoderinae and tribes references, world
Forel, 1878: 364, 380 (diagnosis, genera); Dalla Torre, 1893: 156 (catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 771 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896e: 186 (genera key); Handlirsch, 1907: 869 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142 (diagnosis); Emery, 1913a: 2, 6 (diagnosis, tribe key, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 17 (Tapinomini diagnosis, genera key, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 144, (diagnosis); Gallardo, 1916a: 3 (diagnosis); Forel, 1917: 247 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 136 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 199, 687, 688 (diagnosis, tribe key, Tapinomini genera key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 127 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 29 (phylogeny); Pavan, 1955: 135 (gastral organs); Eisner, 1957: 453 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967: 246 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 118 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 41 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 169 (genera & distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 61 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 401 (synoptic classification); Dazzini Valcurone & Fanfani, 1985: 1 (gastral glands); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 173 (Dufour's gland); Billen, 1987: 278 (abdominal glands); Baroni Urbani & Wilson, 1987: 1 (†fossil Leptomyrmecini); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 316 (phylogeny); Shattuck, 1992b: 199 (higher classification, phylogeny); Shattuck, 1992c: 20 (revision of subfamily, genera key); Shattuck, 1994: 3 (catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 22 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Shattuck, 1995: 217 (phylogeny, genera); Bolton, 1995a: 1038 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 10 (catalogue); Wenseleers, Schoeters, et al., 1998: 121 (cloacal gland); Brandão, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1999: 411 (phylogeny, genera); Chiotis, Jermiin & Crozier, 2000: 108 (phylogeny, genera); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 416 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Bolton, 2003: 18, 80 (diagnosis, synopsis); Dubovikov, 2005a: 91 (tribes of Dolichoderinae); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 342 (phylogeny, tribe-rank classification).
Regional and national faunas with keys
André, 1882a: 127 (Europe & Algeria); Nasonov, 1889: 50 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 9 (Madagascar genera); Forel, 1895e: 460 (India & Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903: 288 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 102 (Russian Empire); Bondroit, 1910: 488 (Belgium); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 560 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 77 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 34 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 40 (Switzerland); Arnold, 1915: 145 (South Africa); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 178 (Britain); Gallardo, 1916a: 12 (Argentina); Emery, 1916b: 208 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 589 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 86 (France & Belgium); Gallardo, 1919b: 253 (Argentina genera); Soudek, 1922: 58 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 117 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927c: 271 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 199 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 172 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933b: 600 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 90 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1936: 164 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 861 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 209 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941: 94 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 94 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 370 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 309 (U.S.A. males); Buren, 1944a: 290 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 592 (U.S.A. genera); Creighton, 1950a: 330 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 27 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 29 (New Zealand); Kusnezov, 1959: 40 (Neotropical genera); Gregg, 1963: 341 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 149 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Bernard, 1967: 246 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 17 (Polynesia); Bolton, 1973a: 329 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Boven, 1970b: 24 (Netherlands); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 90 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 118 (Kyrghyzstan); Boven, 1977: 123 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 170 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 546 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 80 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 32 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 28 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 420 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 443 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 80 (Neotropical genera); Gösswald, 1985: 314 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 242 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 55 (U.S.A., Nevada); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 278 (Balkans); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 168 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 152 (Far Eastern Russia); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al., 1991: 2 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 49 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 147 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 70 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 115 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 331 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 359 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 161 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 40 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 20 (Portugal); Kim & Kim, 1999: 18 (Korea); Shattuck, 1999: 26, 64 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 59 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 149 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 134 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 54 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 425 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 221 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 239 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 186 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 102 (U.S.A., Ohio); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 147 (North and Central Europe); Fisher, 2009: 51 (Malagasy genera); Terayama, 2009: 196 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 28 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 14 (Benelux); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011: 7 (Malagasy males key).
Formicinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 49 genera, 2,831 species, 839 subspecies
Fossil: 29 genera, 193 species, 1 subspecies
Formicariae Latreille, 1809: 124. Type-genus: Formica.
Taxonomic history
Formicinae as group name: Latreille, 1809: 124 [Formicariae]; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 197 [Formicites]; Nylander, 1846a: 877 [Formicae].
Formicinae as family: Smith, F. 1858b: 1 [Formicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 36 [Formicidae]; Smith, 1871a: 302 [Formicidae]; André, 1882a: 125 [Formicidae]; Saunders, 1896: 18 [Formicidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 97 [Formicidae]; Bernard, 1951: 1073 [Formicidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 256 [Formicidae].
Formicinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1874: 167 [Formicidae].
Formicinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Mayr, 1855: 286, 299 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 21 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 651 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 24 [Formicidae]; Forel, 1870: 307 [Formicidae]; Forel, 1874: 21 [Formicidae]; Emery, 1877a: 70 [Formicidae]; André, 1881b: 54 [Formicidae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 17 [Formicitae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 210; Emery, 1925b: 2; Karavaiev, 1936: 172; Clark, 1951: 16; Brown, 1954e: 29; Kempf, 1972a: 266; Brown, 1973b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Formicinae as formicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 20, 93.
Formicinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102.
Formicinae as formicoid formicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007a: 556.
Tribes of Formicinae: Camponotini, Formicini, Gesomyrmecini, Gigantiopini, Lasiini, Melophorini, Myrmecorhynchini, Myrmoteratini, Notostigmatini, Oecophyllini, Plagiolepidini.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Formicinae: †Camponotites, †Drymomyrmex, †Imhoffia, †Kyromyrma, †Leucotaphus, †Protrechina, †Zhangidris.
Hong (2002) genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Formicinae: †Curtipalpulus, †Eoleptocerites, †Eurytarsites, †Fushuniformica, †Huaxiaformica, †Leptogasteritus, †Liaoformica, †Longiformica, †Magnogasterites, †Orbicapitia, †Ovalicapito, †Ovaligastrula, †Sinoformica, †Sinotenuicapito, †Wilsonia (unresolved junior homonym).
Subfamily Formicinae references, world
Mayr, 1862: 651 (genera key); Mayr, 1865: 6 (diagnosis); Handlirsch, 1907: 859 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 171 (catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 772 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896e: 187 (genera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143 (diagnosis); Forel, 1912i: 88 (tribes key); Forel, 1917: 248 (synoptic classification); Arnold, 1920a: 551 (diagnosis); Forel, 1921c: 139 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 210, 691 (diagnosis, tribes key); Emery, 1925b: 2 (diagnosis, tribe key, catalogue); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 127 (venation, phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 465 (proventriculus morphology); Hung & Brown, 1966: 198 (gastric apex, structure); Bernard, 1967: 267 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 120 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 41 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 169 (genera, distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 62 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 402 (synoptic classification); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 173 (Dufour's gland); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 (synoptic classification, genera keys); Agosti, 1991: 295 (genus group diagnoses); Shattuck, 1992b: 201 (phylogeny); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 42 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1039 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 11 (catalogue); Wenseleers, Schoeters, et al. 1998: 121 (cloacal gland); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 417 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Bolton, 2003: 20, 93 (diagnosis, synopsis); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny).
Regional and national faunas with keys
Mayr, 1855: 299 (Austria); Mayr, 1861: 25 (Europe); Mayr, 1868c: 25 (†Baltic Amber); André, 1874: 167 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 22 (Switzerland); Saunders, E. 1880: 203 (Britain); André, 1882a: 126 (Europe & Algeria); Provancher, 1887: 225 (Canada); Cresson, 1887: 94 (U.S.A. genera); Nasonov, 1889: 50 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 8 (Madagascar genera); Lameere, 1892: 62 (Belgium); Forel, 1892j: 220 (India & Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903: 308 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 100 (Russian Empire); Wasmann, 1906: 7 (Luxemburg); Bondroit, 1910: 481 (Belgium); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 560 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 80 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 35 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 45 (Switzerland); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 184 (Britain); Emery, 1916b: 216 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 590 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 17 (France & Belgium); Arnold, 1920a: 552 (South Africa); Kutter, 1920b: 134 (Switzerland); Soudek, 1922: 61 (Czechoslovakia); Lomnicki, 1925a: 160 (Poland); Stärcke, 1926: 118, 146 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927c: 273 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 205 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 172 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933b: 601 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 90 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1936: 173 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 865 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 230 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941: 97 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 97 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 373 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 309 (U.S.A., males); Buren, 1944a: 292 (U.S.A., Iowa); Holgersen, 1943b: 173 (Norway); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 599 (U.S.A. genera); Boven, 1947: 181 (Belgium); Creighton, 1950a: 355 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 31 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 42 (New Zealand); Boven, 1959: 11 (Netherlands); Gregg, 1963: 447 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 160 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Collingwood, 1964: 104 (Britain); Bernard, 1967: 268 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 17 (Polynesia); Boven, 1970b: 26 (Netherlands); Kempf, 1972a: 266 (Neotropical, synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 329 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 104 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 126 (Kyrghyzstan); Boven, 1977: 126 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 183 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 548 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 88 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 85 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 32 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 436 (Malta); Prins, 1983: 8 (Southern Africa genera); Allred, 1982: 444 (U.S.A., Utah); Verhaeghe, Deligne, et al., 1984: 106 (Belgium genera); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 81 (Neotropical genera); Gösswald, 1985: 263 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 273 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 58 (U.S.A., Nevada); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 68 (Norway); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 124 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 162 (Far Eastern Russia); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al., 1991: 10 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 49 (Bulgaria); Shattuck, 1992b: 199 (higher classification, phylogeny); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 150 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 76 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 125 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 332 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 361 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 166 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 41 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 21 (Portugal); Shattuck, 1999: 25, 86 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 68 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 165 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 147 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 54 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 425 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 236 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 242 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 187 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 113 (U.S.A., Ohio); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 150 (North and Central Europe); Terayama, 2009: 202 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 30 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 17 (Benelux).
Myrmicinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 141 genera, 6,087 species, 864 subspecies
Fossil: 31 genera, 130 species
Myrmicites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 169. Type-genus: Myrmica.
Taxonomic history
Myrmicinae as group name: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 169 [Myrmicites]; Nylander, 1846a: 877 [Myrmicae].
Myrmicinae as family: Smith, F. 1851: 4 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 45 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 324 [Myrmicidae]; André, 1882a: 125 [Myrmicidae]; Cresson, 1887: 93 [Myrmicidae]; Emery, 1894g: 383 [Myrmicidae]; Saunders, 1896: 18 [Myrmicidae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [Myrmicidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 71 [Myrmicidae]; Bernard, 1951: 1058 [Myrmicidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 222 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 114 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1874: 167 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Myrmicidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Mayr, 1855: 290, 299 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 21 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1862b: 33 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 738 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 17 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 24 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1870: 307 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1874: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery, 1877a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1878: 367 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; André, 1881b: 64 [Myrmicidae]; Nasonov, 1889: 28 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1891b: 11 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1892j: 220 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1893a: 163; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Emery, 1895j: 768 [subfamily spelled Myrmicini]; Emery, 1896e: 179; Forel, 1899c: 30; Forel, 1902f: 520; Bingham, 1903: 105; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 138; Emery, 1914a: 29; Wheeler, 1915g: 806 [Myrmicides]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 40; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 74; Arnold, 1916: 166; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Myrmicini]; Forel, 1917: 240 [subfamily spelled Myrmicini]; Bondroit, 1918: 14 [Myrmicitae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 124; Emery, 1921f: 3; Karavaiev, 1934: 59; Clark, 1951: 16; Brown, 1954e: 28; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 40; Brown, 1973b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Myrmicinae as myrmicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 52, 182.
Myrmicinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102; Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173.
Myrmicinae as formicoid myrmicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007a: 556.
Tribes of Myrmicinae: Adelomyrmecini, Ankylomyrmini, Attini, Basicerotini, Blepharidattini, Cataulacini, Cephalotini, Crematogastrini, Dacetini, Formicoxenini, Lenomyrmecini, Liomyrmecini, Melissotarsini, Meranoplini, Metaponini, Myrmecinini, Myrmicariini, Myrmicini, Paratopulini, Phalacromyrmecini, Pheidolini, Solenopsidini, Stegomyrmecini, Stenammini, Tetramoriini.
Genera (extant) incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Diaphoromyrma, Tyrannomyrmex.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: †Afromyrma, †Attopsis, †Cephalomyrmex, †Electromyrmex, †Eocenidris, †Eomyrmex, †Fallomyrma, †Miosolenopsis, †Myrmecites, †Solenopsites.
Hong (2002) genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: †Brachytarsites, †Clavipetiola, †Fushunomyrmex, †Orbigastrula, †Quadrulicapito, †Quineangulicapito, †Sinomyrmex, †Sphaerogasterites, †Wumyrmex.
Collective group name in Myrmicinae: †Myrmicites.
Subfamily Myrmicinae references, world
Mayr, 1865: 17 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 91 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 367 (diagnosis); Handlirsch, 1907: 872 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 53 (catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 768 (diagnosis); Emery, 1896e: 179 (genera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 138 (diagnosis); Emery, 1912b: 101 (phylogeny); Emery, 1914a: 34 (phylogeny, tribe key); Arnold, 1916: 164 (diagnosis); Forel, 1917: 240 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 139 (diagnosis); Emery, 1921f: 3 (diagnosis, tribes & genera key, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 124, 655 (diagnosis, tribes key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 126 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 28 (phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 477 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967: 93 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 99 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 40 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 166 (genera, distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 52 (larvae, review & synthesis); Kugler, C. 1978a: 413 (sting structure); Kugler, C. 1978b: 267 (pygidial glands); Kugler, C. 1979c: 117 (sting, evolution); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 393 (synoptic classification); Caetano, F.H. 1984: 257 (digestive tract, morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 167 (Dufour's gland); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 onward (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 75 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1040 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 13 (catalogue); Hashimoto, 1996: 354 (phylogenetic position); Baroni Urbani, 2000: 480 (phylogeny); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 422 (diagnosis for wingless fossils); Bolton, 2003: 52, 182 (diagnosis, synopsis); Moreau, Bell, et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Ward, 2007a: 556 (classification).
Regional and national faunas with keys
Mayr, 1855: 391 (Austria); Mayr, 1861: 29 (Europe); Mayr, 1868c: 79 (†Baltic Amber); André, 1874: 171 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 29 (Switzerland); Saunders, E. 1880: 213 (Britain); André, 1882c: 256 (Europe & Algeria); Cresson, 1887: 98 (U.S.A. genera); Provancher, 1887: 243 (Canada); Nasonov, 1889: 54 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 11 (Madagascar genera); Lameere, 1892: 66 (Belgium); Forel, 1902f: 520 (India & Sri Lanka genera); Bingham, 1903: 105 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 103 (Russian Empire); Wasmann, 1906: 13 (Luxemburg); Bondroit, 1910: 490 (Belgium); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 558 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 55 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 32 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 8 (Switzerland); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 74 (Britain); Arnold, 1916: 166, 170 (South Africa tribes, genera); Emery, 1916b: 112 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 90 (France & Belgium); Kutter, 1920b: 144 (Switzerland); Soudek, 1922: 20 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 84 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927c: 256 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 77 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 170 (Dominican Republic); Gallardo, 1932b: 91 (Argentina, tribes); Arnol'di, 1933b: 596 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 88 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1934: 60 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 829 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 63 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941: 71 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 71 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 360 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 291 (U.S.A., males); Holgersen, 1943b: 166 (Norway); Holgersen, 1944: 198 (Norway); Buren, 1944a: 281 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 543 (U.S.A. genera); Boven, 1947: 170 (Belgium); Creighton, 1950a: 83 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 15 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 25 (New Zealand); Boven, 1959: 7 (Netherlands); Gregg, 1963: 288 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 92 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Collingwood, 1964: 94 (Britain); Bernard, 1967: 95 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 13 (Polynesia); Boven, 1970b: 9 (Netherlands); Kempf, 1972a: 263 (Neotropical, synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 325 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 70 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 19 (Kyrghyzstan); Boven, 1977: 69 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 31 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 524 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 75 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 36 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 20 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 423 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 438 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 76 (Neotropical genera); Verhaeghe, Deligne, et al. 1984: 112 (Belgium genera); Gösswald, 1985: 289 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 245 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 20 (U.S.A., Nevada); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 57 (Norway); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 265 (Balkans); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 181 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 89 (Far Eastern Russia); Ogata, 1991b: 61 (Japan genera); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 1 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 51 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 153 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 15 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 57 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 327 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 308 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 108 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 43 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 10 (Portugal); Shattuck, 1999: 39, 122 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 37 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 69 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 135 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 55 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 424 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 58 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 244 (Neotropical genera and synopsis); Coovert, 2005: 32 (U.S.A., Ohio); Radchenko, 2005b: 184 (North Korea); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 110 (North and Central Europe); Terayama, 2009: 131 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 36 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 46 (Benelux); Eguchi, Bui & Yamane, 2011: 8 (Vietnam genera).
Ponerinae TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 27 genera, 1,033 species, 155 subspecies
Fossil: 9 genera, 68 species, 2 subspecies
Ponerites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185. Type-genus: Ponera.
Taxonomic history
Ponerinae as group name: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185 [Ponérites].
Ponerinae as family: Smith, F. 1851: 6 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1858b: 76 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 44 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 320 [Poneridae]; André, 1882a: 125 [Poneridae]; Cresson, 1887: 93 [Poneridae]; Emery, 1894g: 379 [Poneridae]; Saunders, 1896: 18 [Poneridae]; Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [Poneridae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 70 [Poneridae]; Bernard, 1951: 1042 [Poneridae]; Bernard, 1953b: 185 [Poneridae].
Ponerinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1874: 167 [Poneridae].
Ponerinae as subfamily of Poneridae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ponerinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Mayr, 1855: 289, 299 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1861: 21 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 712 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 64 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1862b: 31 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 11 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1868c: 24 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1870: 307 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1874: 21 [Poneridae]; Emery, 1877a: 70 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1878: 366 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; André, 1881b: 64 [Poneridae]; Forel, 1892j: 220 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13; Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 111 [Poneridae]; Nasonov, 1889: 27 [Poneridae]; Emery, 1895j: 766 [subfamily spelled Ponerini]; Emery, 1896e: 176; Forel, 1899c: 2; Emery, 1901a: 36; Bingham, 1903: 23; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 2; Wheeler, 1915g: 805 [Ponerides]; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 25; Arnold, 1915: 9; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Ponerini]; Forel, 1917: 235; Bondroit, 1918: 78 [Poneritae]; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 56, 632, 640; Borgmeier, 1923: 37; Karavaiev, 1934: 49; Clark, 1951: 15; Brown, 1954e: 24; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 39; Brown, 1973b: 165; all subsequent authors.
Ponerinae as poneromorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 42, 156.
Ponerinae as poneroid subfamily of Formicidae: Ouellette, Fisher, et al. 2006: 365; Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173; Moreau, Bell et al. 2006: 102; Ward, 2007a: 555.
Tribes of Ponerinae: Platythyreini, Ponerini, Thaumatomyrmecini.
Genera (extinct) incertae sedis in Ponerinae: †Afropone, †Eogorgites, †Eoponerites, †Furcisutura, †Longicapitia.
Subfamily Ponerinae references, world
Smith, F. 1858b: 76 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1862: 712 (genera key); Mayr, 1865: 11 (Odontomachidae, Poneridae diagnoses), Mayr, 1867a: 79, 81 (Odontomachidae, Poneridae diagnoses); Forel, 1878: 366 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 13 (world catalogue); Emery, 1895j: 766 (diagnosis); Emery, 1896e: 176 (genera key); Handlirsch, 1907: 879 (†fossil taxa catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911d: 3 (diagnosis, tribes key); Forel, 1917: 235 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 133 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 56, 636 (diagnosis, tribes key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 124 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 24 (phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 475 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967: 79 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969: 25 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972a: 39 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 165 (genera, distribution); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 48 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, R.R. 1981: 387 (synoptic classification); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986: 168 (Dufour's gland); Fanfani & Dazzini Valcurone, 1986: 115 (exocrine glands synopsis); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 onward (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 153 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1042 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 14 (catalogue); Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter, 1997: 20 (†Cretaceous genera); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 422 (diagnosis for wingless fossils); Bolton, 2003: 42, 156 (diagnosis, synopsis); Ouellette, Fisher et al. 2006: 359 (phylogeny); Brady, Schultz, et al. 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau, Bell et al. 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Ward, 2007a: 555 (classification).
.
Regional and national faunas with keys
Mayr, 1861: 28 (Europe); Mayr, 1868c: 69 (†Baltic Amber); André, 1874: 170 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 29 (Switzerland); André, 1882b: 227 (Europe & Algeria); Cresson, 1887: 97 (U.S.A., genera); Provancher, 1887: 238 (Canada); Nasonov, 1889: 54 (Russia); Forel, 1891b: 9 (Madagascar genera); Forel, 1900c: 52 (India & Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903: 23 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 108 (Russian Empire); Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 557 (North America genera); Bondroit, 1910: 489 (Belgium); Stitz, 1914: 54 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 31 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 6 (Switzerland); Arnold, 1915: 10 (South Africa); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 65 (Britain); Emery, 1916b: 98 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 580 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 79 (France & Belgium); Gallardo, 1918b: 4 (Argentina); Soudek, 1922: 18 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 82 (Netherlands); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 68 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 169 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933b: 596 (Russia); Karavaiev, 1934: 50 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 823 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 58 (Germany); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 278 (U.S.A. males); Buren, 1944a: 279 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 530 (U.S.A. genera); Creighton, 1950a: 31 (North America); Kusnezov, 1956: 11 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 11 (New Zealand); Gregg, 1963: 280 (U.S.A., Colorado); Bernard, 1967: 80 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 10 (Polynesia); Kempf, 1972a: 262 (Neotropical synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 323 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Boven, 1977: 66 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 21 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 522 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 74 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 29 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 14 (South Australia genera); Francoeur, 1979: 30 (Canada, Québec); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 417 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 438 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 75 (Neotropical genera); Collingwood, 1985: 236 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 17 (U.S.A., Nevada); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264 (Balkans); Ogata, 1987: 101 (Japan genera); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 8 (Japan); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 173 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 85 (Far Eastern Russia); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 51 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 166 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 10 (Armenia); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 31 (China genera); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 308 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 107 (Central Europe); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 10 (Portugal); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 145 (Korea); Shattuck, 1999: 52, 179 (Australia genera synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 19 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001b: 22 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 133 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 53 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002: 436 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 27 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Csösz, 2003: 147 (Carpathian Basin); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 256 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 184 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 23 (U.S.A., Ohio); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2007: 27 (Malagasy genera, males); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 108 (North and Central Europe); Bolton & Fisher, 2008c: 32 (Afrotropical genera); Fernández & Arias-Penna, 2008: 32 (Neotropical genera); Dlussky, 2009: 1071 (Eocene amber); Terayama, 2009: 101 (Taiwan genera); Heterick, 2009: 34 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 68 (Benelux).
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Bothriomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE34 species, 11 subspecies
Bothriomyrmex Emery, 1869c: 117. Type-species: Bothriomyrmex costae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bothriomyrmex in Formicinae: André, 1881b: 64 [Formicidae].
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 380 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 170; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1895e: 469; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 27; Forel, 1917: 248; Bondroit, 1918: 88; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 689; all subsequent authors to the following.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 54; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 84.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Iridomyrmecini, Bothriomyrmecina: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
Bothriomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Bothriomyrmecini: Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Genus Bothriomyrmex references
Forel, 1878: 380 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 218 (Europe & Algeria species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 170 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 469 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 305 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 27 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690 (subgenera key); Emery, 1925e: 5 (European and Oriental species); Kratochvíl, 1941: 96 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 96 (Central Europe species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 187 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 260 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kutter, 1977c: 175 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 548 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 87 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Gösswald, 1985: 316 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 92 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 8 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans species key); Shattuck, 1992c: 54 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1994: 31 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 80 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 119 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 163 (Central Europe species key); Shattuck, 1999: 66 (Australia synopsis); Seifert, 2007: 148 (North and Central Europe species key).
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 122 species, 21 subspecies
Fossil: 53 species
Dolichoderus Lund, 1831a: 130. Type-species: Formica attelaboides, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dolichoderus in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 75.
Dolichoderus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae].
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 386 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Forel, 1895b: 107 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1895e: 462; Forel, 1899c: 98; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Dolichoderus in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 77; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of DOLICHODERUS
Hypoclinea Mayr, 1855: 377 (attributed to Foerster). Type-species: Formica quadripunctata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 165.
Taxonomic history
Hypoclinea in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 57.
Hypoclinea in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 377 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 40 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 53 [Formicidae]; André, 1874: 168 [Formicidae].
Hypoclinea in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Hypoclinea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 18; Forel, 1917: 247; all subsequent authors.
Hypoclinea as genus: Mayr, 1855: 377; Mayr, 1865: 9; Mayr, 1868c: 53; Mayr, 1870b: 953; Smith, 1871a: 310; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Kempf, 1972a: 118; Lattke, 1987b: 259; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Mackay & Vinson, 1989b: 17; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 120.
Hypoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 234; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 77; Forel, 1917: 247; Borgmeier, 1923: 84; Clark, 1930b: 252; McAreavey, 1949: 17; Creighton, 1950a: 331; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 182; Kusnezov, 1956: 28; Kusnezov, 1959: 50; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1415; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 154.
Hypoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Bingham, 1903: 291; Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Mackay, 1993b: 6; Shattuck, 1994: 39; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 31; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Monacis Roger, 1862a: 233. Type-species: Formica bispinosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167.
Taxonomic history
Monacis in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Monacis in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Emery, 1913a: 9; Forel, 1917: 247; all subsequent authors.
Monacis as genus: Roger, 1862a: 233; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Brown, 1950e: 249; Kempf, 1959b: 227; Kempf, 1972a: 141; Kempf, 1972c: 253; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Mackay & Vinson, 1989b: 20; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17.
Monacis as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 228; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142; Emery, 1913a: 9; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; Borgmeier, 1923: 81; Kusnezov, 1956: 27; Kusnezov, 1959: 50.
Monacis as junior synonym of Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1862: 704.
Monacis as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Dalla Torre, 1893: 156; Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Mackay, 1993b: 6; Shattuck, 1994: 39; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 35; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Monoceratoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) monoceros, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Monoceratoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68.
Monoceratoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17.
Monoceratoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 35; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Diceratoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus scabridus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Diceratoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 181.
Diceratoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249.
Diceratoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 26; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Acanthoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus doriae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Acanthoclinea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618.
Acanthoclinea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69.
Acanthoclinea as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249.
Acanthoclinea as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 18; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Karawajewella Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926d: 424; junior homonym of Diabolus Gray, J.E. 1841: 400 (Mammalia).]
Karawajewella as junior synonym of Dolichoderus: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Shattuck, 1992c: 66; Shattuck, 1994: 39, 40; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 1995b: 32; Bolton, 2003: 85.
Homonym replaced by Karawajewella
Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926d: 424 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Diabolus) bifurcatus (junior synonym of Dolichoderus cuspidatus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Diabolus Karavaiev junior homonym of Diabolus Gray, J.E. 1841: 400 (Mammalia).]
Diabolus as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68.
Genus Dolichoderus references
Roger, 1863b: 10, 14, 15 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea, Monacis catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 407, 423 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 9 (Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 75 (Hypoclinea diagnosis); Mayr, 1868c: 54 (†Baltic Amber species key); Mayr, 1870b: 955 (Hypoclinea species key); Mayr, 1876: 79 (Australia species key); André, 1882b: 225 (Europe & Algeria species); Mayr, 1886d: 435 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 156 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 462 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 292 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1905d: 306 (North America species key); Emery, 1913a: 7 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 9, 10 (D. (Monacis), D. (Hypoclinea), catalogues); Mann, 1916: 460 (Brazil D. (Dolichoderus) species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688 (subgenera key); Clark, 1930b: 253 (Australia D. (Hypoclinea) species key); Creighton, 1950a: 333 (North America D. (Hypoclinea) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 181 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1959b: 230 (Monacis, all species revision, key); Wheeler, J. 1963: 149 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 249 (diagnosis); Kempf, 1969: 292 (Neotropical D. (Dolichoderus) species key); Kempf, 1972a: 98, 118, 141 (Neotropical Dolichoderus, Hypoclinea, Monacis, catalogues); Kempf, 1972c: 253 (Monacis species, additions to 1959a key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1415 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 93 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 24 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Harada, 1987: 602 (Monacis species key); Lattke, 1987b: 263 (Neotropical D. bispinosus group, key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Johnson, 1989a: 5 (U.S.A. species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 17 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 340, 347, 356 (Neotropical catalogue); Shattuck, 1992c: 66 (diagnosis, review of genus); Mackay, 1993b: 17 (New World, all species revision, key); Radchenko, 1994b: 112 (South Siberia species key); Shattuck, 1994: 39 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 172 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 120 (China species key); Xu, 1995a: 34 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 68 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001b: 356 (China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 153 (China, Guangxi species key); Dill, 2002: 21, 30 (southeast Asia species groups key, D. cuspidatus group revision, key); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 416 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Dlussky, 2002b: 54 (Baltic & Rovno amber species); Dlussky, 2008b: 509 (Europe Eocene amber species key); Heterick, 2009: 45 (south-western Australia species key).
Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini Iridomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 79 species
Fossil:
Iridomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 653 (diagnosis in key), 702. Type-species: Formica detecta (junior synonym of Formica purpurea), by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 297.
Taxonomic history
Iridomyrmex in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 10 [Formicidae].
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 381 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 168; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1899c: 102; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 86; Arnold, 1915: 145; Forel, 1917: 248; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 689; Carpenter, 1930: 50; all subsequent authors; Jaffe, 1993: 9 (anachronism).
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 101; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 88.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Iridomyrmecini, Iridomyrmecina: Dubovikov, 2005a: 92.
Iridomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Leptomyrmecini: Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 362.
Genus Iridomyrmex references
Roger, 1863b: 13 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 10 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 76 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 381 (diagnosis); Cresson, 1887: 257 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 168 (catalogue); Forel, 1895e: 467 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 298 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 21 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 145 (diagnosis); Creighton, 1950a: 341 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 188 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1967: 250 (diagnosis); Kempf, 1972a: 124 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1417 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 96 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 30 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Shattuck, 1992a: 14 (diagnosis); Shattuck, 1992c: 101 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1993a: 118 (I. purpureus group, key); Shattuck, 1993b: 1306 (I. calvus group, key); Shattuck, 1994: 99 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 217 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1996a: 37 (I. discors group); Shattuck, 1998: 303 (I. conifer group, key); Shattuck, 1999: 72 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2009: 48 (south-western Australia species key); Heterick & Shattuck, 2011: 22 (diagnosis, all species revision, key).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Tapinoma TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 64 species, 26 subspecies
Fossil: 4 species
Tapinoma Foerster, 1850a: 43. Type-species: Tapinoma collina (junior synonym of Formica erratica), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tapinoma in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 55.
Tapinoma in Formicinae: Mayr, 1855: 372 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 41 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 10 [Formicidae]; André, 1874: 168 [Formicidae]; André, 1881b: 63 [Formicidae].
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 385 [Dolichoderidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454 [Dolichoderidae]; Forel, 1895b: 109 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 164; Emery, 1895j: 771; Forel, 1899c: 101; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 38; Arnold, 1915: 152; Forel, 1917: 248; Bondroit, 1918: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; subsequent authors except those below; then Jaffe, 1993: 9; Dubovikov, 2005a: 91 (implied); Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Tapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91.
Junior synonyms of TAPINOMA
Micromyrma Dufour, 1857: 60. Type-species: Micromyrma pygmaea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica erratica, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167.]
Micromyrma as subgenus of Tapinoma: Menozzi, 1925a: 19; Santschi, 1928e: 472; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 192.
Micromyrma as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Mayr, 1863: 455; Forel, 1878: 385; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 454; Dalla Torre, 1893: 164; Emery, 1913a: 38; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 923; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 837; Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 65.
Semonius Forel, 1910f: 21. Type-species: Semonius schultzei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Semonius in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Semonius in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 44; Arnold, 1915: 157; Forel, 1917: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 688; all subsequent authors.
Semonius as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Pseudaphomomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Aphomomyrmex emeryi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Dimorphomyrmecini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 721.
Pseudaphomomyrmex incertae sedis in Formicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Myrmelachistini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Bolton, 1994: 50.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258; Bolton, 2003: 106.
Pseudaphomomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: LaPolla & Longino, 2006: 305.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as junior synonym of Aphomomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 44; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 721.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 214; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 1995b: 369; Bolton, 2003: 106.
Pseudaphomomyrmex as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Zatapinoma Wheeler, W.M. 1928a: 20. Type-species: Zatapinoma annandalei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Zatapinoma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737; all subsequent authors.
Zatapinoma as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Neoclystopsenella Kurian, 1955: 133. Type-species: Neoclystopsenella luffae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Neoclystopsenella in Bethylidae: Kurian, 1955: 133.
Neoclystopsenella in Dolichoderinae: Brown, 1988a: 337.
Neoclystopsenella as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Brown, 1988a: 337; Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91; Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66.
Genus Tapinoma references
Mayr, 1855: 372 (diagnosis); Smith, F. 1858b: 55 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 13, 14 (Tapinoma, Micromyrma catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 10 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 78 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 222 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 164 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 304 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 38 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 44 (Semonius diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 152, 157 (diagnosis, South Africa species key, Semonius diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695 (Pseudaphomomyrmex diagnosis, in key). Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 923, 927 (Afrotropical Tapinoma, Semonius catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1034 (Malagasy catalogue); Emery, 1925d: 63 (Palaearctic species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 33 (Turkestan species key); Smith, M.R. 1928a: 311 (North America species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 79 (Czechoslovakia species key); Creighton, 1950a: 352 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 192, 196 (Asia Semonius, Tapinoma, Zatapinoma checklists); Bernard, 1967: 254 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Boven, 1970b: 24 (Netherlands species key); Kempf, 1972a: 246 (Neotropical catalogue); Tarbinsky, 1976: 118 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Kutter, 1977c: 178 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 547 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 87 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1421 (North America catalogue); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 421 (Malta species key); Gösswald, 1985: 317 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 106 (Australia catalogue); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans species key); Taylor, 1987a: 77 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 168 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 380 (Neotropical catalogue); Shattuck, 1992c: 146 (diagnosis, review of genus); Arakelian, 1994: 72 (Armenia species key); Shattuck, 1994: 140 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 399 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 116 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 360 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 165 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 40 (Britain species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 20 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 81 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 151 (China, Guangxi species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 135 (Poland species key); Seifert, 2007: 149 (North and Central Europe species key); Heterick, 2009: 58 (south-western Australia species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011: 13 (Malagasy males).
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Technomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 93 species
Fossil: 4 species
Technomyrmex Mayr, 1872: 147. Type-species: Technomyrmex strenuus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Technomyrmex in Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1878: 380 [Dolichoderidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 166; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Technomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 42; Arnold, 1915: 147; Forel, 1917: 248; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; subsequent authors except those below; then Jaffe, 1993: 9; Ward, Brady, et al. 2010: 361.
Technomyrmex in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Shattuck, 1992c: 153; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 92.
Junior synonyms of TECHNOMYRMEX
Engramma Forel, 1905b: 180. Type-species: Engramma lujae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Engramma in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 142.
Engramma in Dolichoderinae, Tapinomini: Emery, 1913a: 38; Forel, 1917: 248; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 690; all subsequent authors.
Engramma as junior synonym of Technomyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 153; Shattuck, 1994: 156; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 92; Bolton, 2007a: 4.
Tapinoptera Santschi, 1925g: 348 [as subgenus of Tapinoma]. Type-species: Tapinoma vexatum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tapinoptera as junior synonym of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146; Shattuck, 1994: 140; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 91.
Tapinoptera as junior synonym of Technomyrmex: Fisher & Bolton, 2007: 66 (in text); Bolton, 2007a: 4.
Aphantolepis Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 44. Type-species: Aphantolepis quadricolor, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Aphantolepis in Formicinae, Lasiini: Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 44.
Aphantolepis in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 624.
Aphantolepis as junior synonym of Technomyrmex: Brown, 1953h: 5; Shattuck, 1992c: 153; Shattuck, 1994: 156; Bolton, 1994: 26; Bolton, 2003: 92; Bolton, 2007a: 4.
Genus Technomyrmex references
Forel, 1878: 380 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 166 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 301 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1913a: 38 (Engramma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1913a: 42 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 147 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 201, 208, 209 (Engramma, Tapinoma, Technomyrmex diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 202 (Engramma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 922, 925 (Afrotropical Engramma, Technomyrmex catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1034 (Malagasy catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 106 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 77 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Shattuck, 1992c: 153 (diagnosis, review of genus); Shattuck, 1994: 156 (catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 402 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 118 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 360 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 83 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 158 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2007a: 1 (all species revision; Afrotropical & West Palaearctic species key: 13; Malagasy species key: 43; East Palaearctic, Oriental, Malesian & Polynesian species key: 59; Austral species key: 108; New World species key: 119); Fernández & Guerrero, 2008: 110 (New World synopsis, key); Terayama, 2009: 200 (Taiwan species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011: 14 (Malagasy males); Sharaf, et al. 2011: 15 (Arabian Peninsula species key).
Tribes (extinct) incertae sedis in DOLICHODERINAE
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 100 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil: 22 species, 1 subspecies
Lasius Fabricius, 1804: 415. Type-species: Formica nigra, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 338.
Taxonomic history
[Lasius Jurine, 1801: 164 (Apidae), resurrected by Morice & Durrant, 1915: 421, later suppressed by Act of Commission.]
Lasius in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 49 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 42 [Formicidae].
Lasius in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 374 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 452 [Camponotidae]; Forel, 1886f: 206; Dalla Torre, 1893: 181.
Lasius in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 206.
Lasius in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 103; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 127; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 120.
Lasius in Formicinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Carpenter, 1930: 58; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 201; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 651; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Lasius in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655.
Lasius in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Lasius in Formicinae, Lasiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Emery, 1925b: 226; all subsequent authors except the entries above; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 2003: 22, 96.
Lasius as junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Forel, 1916: 460; Donisthorpe, 1916c: 276; Morice & Durrant, 1917: 442. Donisthorpe, 1927b: 206; Donisthorpe, 1937d: 132; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
Lasius as junior synonym of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 61; Emery, 1916b: 239; Emery, 1917a: 96; Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170; Bondroit, 1918: 19.
Lasius as genus: Fabricius, 1804: 415; Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1925b: 226; Wilson, 1955a: 11; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of LASIUS
Donisthorpea Morice & Durrant, 1915: 423. Type-species: Formica nigra, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Unnecessary replacement name for Lasius Fabricius.]
Donisthorpea in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
Donisthorpea as genus: Morice & Durrant, 1915: 423; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 184.
Donisthorpea as subgenus of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 11; Emery, 1916b: 240.
Donisthorpea as subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 229; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640; Donisthorpe, 1946g: 91.
Donisthorpea as junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Forel, 1916: 460; Morice & Durrant, 1917: 442; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209.
Donisthorpea as junior synonym of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1925b: 226; Wilson, 1955a: 11. [Lasius and Donisthorpea share the same type-species; synonymy is therefore absolute.]
†Tylolasius Zhang, 1989: 295. Type-species: †Tylolasius inflatus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Tylolasius incertae sedis in Formicinae: Bolton, 2003: 28, 131.
†Tylolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Hong, Wu & Ren, 2001: 348.
Subgenera of LASIUS include the nominal plus the following.
Subgenus LASIUS (ACANTHOMYOPS)
Acanthomyops Mayr, 1862: 652 (diagnosis in key), 699. Type-species: Formica clavigera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Acanthomyops in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae].
Acanthomyops in Camponotinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1917: 249.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 651; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258; Jaffe, 1993: 14.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Acanthomyops in Formicinae, Lasiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384 (misspelled as Acanthomyrmex); Emery, 1925b: 236; all subsequent authors except for those above.
Acanthomyops as junior synonym of Lasius: Mayr, 1866b: 888; Dalla Torre, 1893: 181.
Acanthomyops as subgenus of Formicina: Emery, 1916a: 11; Forel, 1917: 249.
Acanthomyops as genus: Mayr, 1862: 699; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 618; Creighton, 1950a: 426; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 150; Wing, 1968: 47; Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 2003: 94.
Acanthomyops as subgenus of Lasius: Emery, 1893i: 642; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 236; Buren, 1950: 188; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 852; Gregg, 1963: 453; Ward, 2005: 13.
Subgenus LASIUS (DENDROLASIUS)
Dendrolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica fuliginosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Dendrolasius also described as new by Ruzsky, 1914a: 59.]
Dendrolasius as subgenus of Formicina: Forel, 1917: 249.
Dendrolasius as subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 211; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 637.
Dendrolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Ruzsky, 1912: 630; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 235; Wilson, 1955a: 14; all subsequent authors except the following.
Dendrolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional].
Subgenus LASIUS (CHTHONOLASIUS)
Chtonolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica umbrata, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1925b: 232.
Taxonomic history
[Chtonolasius also described as new by Ruzsky, 1914a: 59. The claim by some authors (e.g. Emery, 1916a: 11; Donisthorpe, 1941f: 37; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633) that Ruzsky nominated Lasius flavus as type-species is incorrect. Ruzsky (1912: 630) included those species "with the appearance of the yellow Lasius (Las. flavus D.G.) and its closely related species, and races (Las. carniolicus, Las. umbratus, Las. myops, Las. mixtus)". This is not a direct nomination of a type-species, nor is De Geer (= D.G.) the author of flavus: Bolton, 1995b: 24.]
Chthonolasius justified emendation of spelling: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170.
Chthonolasius as junior synonym of Formicina: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1916a: 11.
Chthonolasius as subgenus of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 254.
Chthonolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Ruzsky, 1912: 630; Ruzsky, 1914a: 59; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 231; Wilson, 1955a: 13; all subsequent authors except the following.
Chthonolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Subgenus LASIUS (CAUTOLASIUS)
Cautolasius Wilson, 1955a: 13 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica flava, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cautolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Cautolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Bolton, 2003: 97.
Subgenus LASIUS (AUSTROLASIUS)
Austrolasius Faber, 1967: 74 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Lasius carniolicus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Austrolasius as junior synonym of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].
Autrolasius as subgenus of Lasius: Bolton, 2003: 97.
Genus Lasius references
Mayr, 1861: 49 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 425 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 8 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 74 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 179 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 46 (Switzerland species key); Forel, 1878: 374 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 191 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 257 (U.S.A. catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 236 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 64 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 181 (catalogue); Emery, 1893i: 637 (North America species key); Bingham, 1903: 339 (India species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 264 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 10 (Luxemburg species key); Bondroit, 1910: 484 (Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910e: 237 (North America L. umbratus forms, key); Stitz, 1914: 82 (Central Europe species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 188 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 243 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 591 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Bondroit, 1918: 19 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698 (subgenera key); Emery, 1925b: 226 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 231 (L. (Chthonolasius) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 235 (L. (Dendrolasius) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 236 (L. (Acanthomyops) diagnosis, catalogue); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e: 186 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 277 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 206 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 602 (Russia species key); Karavaiev, 1936: 193 (Ukraine species key); Stärcke, 1937: 57 (Europe L. umbratus group, key); Menozzi, 1939a: 313 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 267 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 100 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 100 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 373 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 174 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 296 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Stärcke, 1944a: 157 (Europe L. niger group, key); Boven, 1947: 184 (Belgium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 418 (North America Lasius species key); Creighton, 1950a: 428 (North America Acanthomyops species key); Buren, 1950: 188 (Acanthomyops queens, key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 201 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1955a: 13 (subgenera review); Wilson, 1955a: 26 (Nearctic Lasius species revision, key); Wilson, 1955a: 28 (Palaearctic species revision, key); Boven, 1959: 11 (Netherlands species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 177 (U.S.A., North Dakota Lasius species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 195 (U.S.A., North Dakota Acanthomyops species key); Gregg, 1963: 453 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Collingwood, 1963: 155 (Europe L. umbratus group species key); Collingwood, 1964: 107 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 349 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Wing, 1968: 53 (Acanthomyops diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bourne, 1973: 19 (Britain species key); Boven, 1970b: 28 (Netherlands species key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 7 (Britain species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 133 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 135 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 208 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 555 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 89 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 92 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1435 (North America Lasius catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1440 (North America Acanthomyops catalogue); Yamauchi, 1979: 147 (Japan species keys); Allred, 1982: 444 (U.S.A., Utah Acanthomyops species key); Allred, 1982: 450 (U.S.A., Utah Lasius species key); Collingwood, 1982: 283 (Himalayan species key); Gösswald, 1985: 268 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 64 (U.S.A., Nevada Lasius species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 68 (U.S.A., Nevada Acanthomyops species key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 70 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 281 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Seifert, 1988a: 143 (Europe L. (Chthonolasius) species key); Kupyanskaya, 1989: 781 (East Palaearctic L. (Dendrolasius) species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 158 (Turkmenistan species key); Seifert, 1990: 1 (supplement to European L. (Chthonolasius)); Agosti & Bolton, 1990b: 149 (characters); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 211 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al., 1991: 24 (Japan species key); Agosti, 1991: 295 (Lasius genus group diagnosis); Seifert, 1992b: 48 (Palaearctic L. (Lasius) species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 232 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 111 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Radchenko, 1994b: 114 (South Siberia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 53 (Acanthomyops catalogue); Bolton, 1995b: 221 (Lasius catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 92 (Sweden species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 361 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 153 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 179 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 42 (Britain species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 22 (Portugal species key); Zhou, 2001b: 187 (China, Guangxi species key); Blacker & Collingwood, 2002: 44 (British species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 154 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 237 (U.S.A., New Mexico Acanthomyops species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 331 (U.S.A., New Mexico Lasius species key); Radchenko, 2005a: 93 (East Palaearctic L. (Dendrolasius) species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 190 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 159 (North and Central Europe species key); Terayama, 2009: 207 (Taiwan species key).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota TRUE TRUE FALSE81 species, 51 subspecies
Lepisiota Santschi, 1926a: 15 [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis rothneyi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Lepisiota first available replacement name for Acantholepis Mayr, 1861 (junior homonym of Acantholepis Kroyer, 1846: 98 (Pisces)), hence valid name of genus: Bolton, 1995b: 33.]
Lepisiota in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 23.
[Lepisiota incorrectly as junior synonym of Acanthomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 181; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 397. In both publications Acanthomyrmex is an error for Acantholepis.]
Junior synonym of LEPISIOTA
Baroniurbania Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990: 4. Unnecessary replacement name for Acantholepis Mayr (junior homonym).
Taxonomic history
Baroniurbania as junior synonym of Lepisiota: Bolton, 1994: 51; Bolton, 2003: 102.
Baroniurbania as subgenus of Lepisiota: Dietrich, 2004: 324.
Genus Lepisiota references
[Note. Entries prior to Bolton, 1995b: 44, refer to genus as Acantholepis.]
Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 9 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 378 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 210 (Europe & Algeria species key); Forel, 1892a: 41 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 171 (catalogue); Forel, 1894c: 411 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 315 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1920a: 554 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 214, 934, 1036 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 23 (diagnosis, catalogue); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929c: 480 (Turkestan species key); Finzi, 1936: 188 (Egypt species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 209 (Asia checklist); Collingwood, 1985: 292 (Saudi Arabia species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 281 (Balkans species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 205 (Bulgaria species key); Xu, 1994c: 232 (China species key); Arakelian, 1994: 80 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 226 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 128 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 363 (Saudi Arabia species key); Zhou, 2001b: 167 (China, Guangxi species key).
Homonym replaced by LEPISIOTA
Acantholepis Mayr, 1861: 42. Type-species: Hypoclinea frauenfeldi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Acantholepis Kroyer, 1846: 98 (Pisces)].
Acantholepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 42 [Formicinae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 9 [Formicidae].
Acantholepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 378 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 171.
Acantholepis in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1886f: 212; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 88; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1920a: 554.
Acantholepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 23; Santschi, 1926a: 15; all subsequent authors except the following.
Acantholepis in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
[Achantilepis Santschi, 1935b: 274, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
[Pseudacantholepis Bernard, 1953b: 256 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Bernard (1953) are all referable to Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 44.]
1 species
Paratrechina Motschoulsky, 1863: 13. Type-species: Paratrechina currens (junior synonym of Formica longicornis), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170.
Taxonomic history
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 682.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 218; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Myrmelachistinini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 652; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 216; Stitz, 1939: 379; Bernard, 1953b: 257; Kempf, 1972a: 182; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1442; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Jaffe, 1993: 14; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Paratrechina in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 104.
Paratrechina as junior synonym of Prenolepis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 177; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 940.
Paratrechina as genus: Emery, 1925b: 216; all subsequent authors.
Genus Paratrechina references
References prior to 2010 also include Nylanderia and Paraparatrechina.
André, 1882b: 203 (Europe & Algeria species key); Forel, 1894c: 406 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 941, 1037 (Afrotropical, Malagasy P. (Nylanderia) catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 216 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 217 (P. (Nylanderia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 224 (Andragnathus diagnosis, catalogue); Finzi, 1936: 191 (Egypt species key); Buren, 1944a: 295 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 404 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 197, 214, 218 (Asia Andragnathus, Nylanderia, Paratrechina checklists); Kusnezov, 1956: 32 (Argentina species key); Bernard, 1967: 347 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 166, 182 (Neotropical Nylanderia, Paratrechina catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 26 (Cuba species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 556 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1442 (North America, catalogue); Trager, 1984b: 65 (Nearctic species revision, key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 64 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Collingwood, 1985: 298 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 129 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 52 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Brandão, 1991: 365 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1991: 20 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 312 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 150 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 369 (Saudi Arabia species key); Terayama, 1999c: 50 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 104 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 177 (China, Guangxi species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 354 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Terayama, 2009: 210 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 104 (south-western Australia species key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Plagiolepis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 57 species, 19 subspecies
Fossil: 10 species
Plagiolepis Mayr, 1861: 42. Type-species: Formica pygmaea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Plagiolepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 42 [Formicinae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 36 [Formicidae].
Plagiolepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 378 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 172.
Plagiolepis in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Forel, 1886f: 212; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 771; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 88; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 100; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1920a: 578.
Plagiolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 19; Santschi, 1926a: 14; all subsequent authors except the one below; Bolton, 2003: 23, 105.
Plagiolepis in Formicinae, Pseudolasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Junior synonyms of PLAGIOLEPIS
†Rhopalomyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 41. Type-species: †Rhopalomyrmex pygmaeus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Rhopalomyrmex in Formicinae: Mayr, 1868c: 41 [Formicidae].
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 376 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 175.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae, Myrmelachistini: Forel, 1912i: 89.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Camponotinae, Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 103.
†Rhopalomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 724; Bolton, 1994: 51.
†Rhopalomyrmex as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Dlussky, 1997: 624; Bolton, 2003: 105.
Anacantholepis Santschi, 1914e: 36 [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) decora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Anacantholepis as genus: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 212.
Anacantholepis as subgenus of Plagiolepis: Santschi, 1914e: 36 Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1922: 581; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 22; Bolton, 1994: 51.
Anacantholepis as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Bolton, 2003: 105, 268.
Aporomyrmex Faber, 1969: 52. Type-species: Aporomyrmex ampeloni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Aporomyrmex in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Faber, 1969: 52 (by implication).
Aporomyrmex as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 51; all subsequent authors.
Paraplagiolepis Faber, 1969: 65 [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Plagiolepis xene, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paraplagiolepis as junior synonym of Plagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1994: 51; all subsequent authors.
Genus Plagiolepis references
Roger, 1863b: 11 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 442 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 7 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 73 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878: 376, 378 (†Rhopalomyrmex, Plagiolepis diagnoses); André, 1882b: 208 (Europe & Algeria species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 172, 175 (Plagiolepis, †Rhopalomyrmex, catalogue); Forel, 1894c: 414 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 320 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1920a: 578 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Arnold, 1922: 579 (South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 211, 696, 928, 1035 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 19 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 22 (P. (Anacantholepis) diagnosis, catalogue); Stitz, 1939: 231 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 98 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 98 (Central Europe species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 212, 213 (Asia Anacantholepis, Plagiolepis checklists); Bernard, 1967: 272 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 205 (Neotropical catalogue); Kutter, 1977c: 185 (Switzerland species key); Collingwood, 1978: 89 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1422 (North America, catalogue); Gösswald, 1985: 264 (Germany species key); Collingwood, 1985: 297 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 130 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 55 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 280 (Balkans species key); Radchenko, 1989b: 153 (European former U.S.S.R. species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 161 (Turkmenistan species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1991: 16 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 201 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 78 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 51 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 334 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 130 (China species key); Radchenko, 1996a: 178 (Central & Southern Palaearctic species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 362 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 178 (Central Europe species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 22 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 106 (Australia synopsis); Seifert, 2007: 158 (North and Central Europe species key); Terayama, 2009: 213 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 106 (south-western Australia species key); Dlussky, 2010: 72 (Eocene European amber species key).
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Prenolepis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 19 species, 6 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Prenolepis Mayr, 1861: 52. Type-species: Tapinoma nitens, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 325.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica imparis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1906b: 134, repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 171 and Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 940.]
Prenolepis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 52 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 32 [Formicidae].
Prenolepis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 377 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 453 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 177.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 209.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 103; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 125; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Prenolepis in Camponotinae, Prenolepidini: Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 117; Forel, 1917: 249; Arnold, 1922: 605.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Prenolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 697; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 219; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Acanthomyopsini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 685.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 651; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976b: 101; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 224; Stitz, 1939: 379, Kempf, 1972a: 209; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1444; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77; Jaffe, 1993: 14; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Lasius genus group: Agosti, 1991: 296.
Prenolepis in Formicinae, Plagiolepidini: Bolton, 2003: 23, 105.
Genus Prenolepis references
Roger, 1863b: 10 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 451 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 7 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 71 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 947 (all species key); Forel, 1878: 377 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 203 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 257 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 177 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 326 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1910a: 127 (Palaearctic species key); Arnold, 1922: 605 (diagnosis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 216, 697, 940 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 224 (diagnosis, catalogue); Creighton, 1950a: 410 (North America species review); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 219 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 209 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1442 (North America catalogue); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 363 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 137 (China species key); Xu, 1995c: 338 (Southern & Eastern Asia species key); Fontenla Rizo, 2000: 81 (Antilles Is species key); Zhou, 2001b: 170 (China, Guangxi species key); Wang, W. & Wu, 2007: 721 (China species key); LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 129 (diagnosis).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 1,058 species, 495 subspecies
Fossil: 31 species
Camponotus Mayr, 1861: 35. Type-species: Formica ligniperda, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 347.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica herculeana, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 259, repeated in Arnold, 1922: 612.]
Camponotus in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 35 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 26 [Formicidae].
Camponotus in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 447 [Camponotidae]; Forel, 1892j: 223 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 171.
Camponotus in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 141; Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1895b: 101; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 130; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 138; Forel, 1917: 250; Arnold, 1922: 610.
Camponotus in Formicinae, Camponotini: Bondroit, 1918: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 703; Emery, 1925b: 59; all subsequent authors except the following.
Camponotus in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Camponotus as subgenus of Formica: Smith, F. 1871a: 306.
Camponotus as genus: all authors except the entry above.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS
†Paleosminthurus Pierce & Gibron, 1962: 146. Type-species: †Paleosminthurus juliae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Paleosminthurus in Collembola, family †Paleosminthuridae: Pierce & Gibron, 1962: 146.
†Paleosminthurus incertae sedis in Formicidae: Najt, 1987: 152.
†Paleosminthurus incertae sedis in Formicinae: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18.
†Paleosminthurus in †Paleosmithurinae: Bolton, 1994: 187 [provisional subfamily status]; Bolton, 1995b: 14, 311; Bolton, 2003: 76, 263.
†Paleosminthurus as junior synonym of Camponotus: Snelling (pers. comm., 2004). [Synonymy remained unpublished at his death in 2008.]
†Shanwangella Zhang, 1989: 307. Type-species: †Shanwangella palaeoptera, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Shanwangella as junior synonym of Camponotus: Hong & Wu, 2000: 20.
Subgenera of CAMPONOTUS include the nominal plus the following.
All the subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Camponotus by Brown, 1973b: 179 - 185. Brown's list was repeated in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 18 but with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms; subgeneric status was reinstated in Bolton, 1994: 50. These consecutive entries are not repeated individually below.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (COLOBOPSIS)
Colobopsis Mayr, 1861: 38. Type-species: Formica truncata, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 342.
Taxonomic history
Colobopsis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 38 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 652 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 7 [Formicidae].
Colobopsis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 368 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1897: 449 [Camponotidae].
Colobopsis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 193; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Colobopsis in Formicinae, Camponotini: Bondroit, 1918: 65; Emery, 1925b: 144; all subsequent authors.
Colobopsis as genus: Mayr, 1861: 38; Mayr, 1862: 652; Mayr, 1865: 7; Mayr, 1870b: 940; Forel, 1878: 368; Forel, 1879a: 125; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 449; André, 1882b: 159; Bingham, 1903: 342; Forel, 1886f: 193; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 66; Jaffe, 1993: 14.
Colobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1889b: 517; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219; Forel, 1893a: 165; Forel, 1893b: 435; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1904b: 139; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 90; Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 247; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 144; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 634; Creighton, 1950a: 390; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 222; Kempf, 1972a: 42; Smith, D.R., 1979: 1433; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Junior synonyms of CAMPONOTUS (COLOBOPSIS)
Condylomyrma Santschi, 1928c: 72 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Condylomyrma) bryani, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Condylomyrma as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1928c: 72.
Condylomyrma as junior synonym of Colobopsis: Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 422 (in text).
[Campylomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 421 (in text), incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Dolophra Wu, J. & Wang, 1994: 35. Type-species: Dolophra politae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dolophra as genus: Wu, J. & Wang, 1994: 35; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 158.
Dolophra as junior synonym of Camponotus: Bolton, 1995b: 27.
Dolophra as junior synonym of Camponotus (Colobopsis): Bolton, 2003: 113, 268.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MAYRIA)
Mayria Forel, 1878: 369. Type-species: Mayria madagascarensis (junior secondary homonym in Camponotus, replaced by Camponotus repens), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Mayria in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 369 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219.
Mayria in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Mayria as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1894e: 227; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 121; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MAYRIA)
Myrmosaga Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus kelleri, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus quadrimaculatus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Myrmosaga as subgenus of Camponotus Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 241; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; all subsequent authors.
Myrmosaga as junior synonym of Mayria: Emery, 1925b: 121.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (RHINOMYRMEX)
Rhinomyrmex Forel, 1886f: 192. Type-species: Rhinomyrmex klaesii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Rhinomyrmex in Camponotinae: Forel, 1886f: 192 [Camponotii]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219.
Rhinomyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Rhinomyrmex as genus: Forel, 1886f: 192; Forel, 1893a: 165; Dalla Torre, 1893: 219; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144.
Rhinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1896d: 374; Forel, 1914a: 264; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 247; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 142; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (DENDROMYRMEX)
Dendromyrmex Emery, 1895j: 772. Type-species: Formica chartifex, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161.
Taxonomic history
Dendromyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1917: 250.
Dendromyrmex in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 700; Emery, 1925b: 172; all subsequent authors except the following.
Dendromyrmex in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Dendromyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Fernández, 2002: 51.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (DINOMYRMEX)
Dinomyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica gigas, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dinomyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dinomyrmex as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Dinomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1913b: 350; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 69; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (DINOMYRMEX)
Myrmogigas Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica gigas, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmogigas as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91.
Myrmogigas as junior synonym of Dinomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 259; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704. [Dinomyrmex and Myrmogigas share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (TANAEMYRMEX)
Tanaemyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica longipes (junior primary homonym in Formica, replaced by Camponotus etiolipes), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Tanaemyrmex in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tanaemyrmex as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Tanaemyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 75; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (TANAEMYRMEX)
Myrmoturba Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica maculata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoturba as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 235; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704.
Myrmoturba as junior synonym of Tanaemyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 75; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (ORTHONOTOMYRMEX)
Orthonotomyrmex Ashmead, 1906: 31.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384; junior homonym of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829: 344 (Hemiptera). Type-species not Formica lateralis, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 264; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Orthonotomyrmex as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1913i: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 264; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 244; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 124; all subsequent authors.
Homonym replaced by ORTHONOTOMYRMEX
Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-species: Formica sericea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829: 344 (Hemiptera).]
Orthonotus in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAMBLYS)
Myrmamblys Forel, 1912i: 90 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus reticulatus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus fastigatus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 263; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 613.]
Myrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 90; Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 248; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 136; Santschi, 1926c: 601; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTHRIX)
Myrmothrix Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica abdominalis (junior primary homonym; Formica atriceps is first available replacement name), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica rufipes, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260.]
Myrmothrix as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Emery, 1925b: 107; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSERICUS)
Myrmosericus Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica rufoglauca, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmosericus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 259; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 236; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 104; all subsequent authors.
[See note under Myrmosaulus.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPHYMA)
Myrmophyma Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus capito, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus quadrisectus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 261; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 612.]
Myrmophyma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 239; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 109; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPHYMA)
Myrmocamelus Forel, 1914a: 261 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica ephippium, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus gambeyi, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1922: 101. Myrmocamelus also described as new by Forel, 1915b: 102.]
Myrmocamelus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1915b: 102; Forel, 1917: 250; Forel, 1922: 101.
Myrmocamelus as junior synonym of Myrmophyma: Emery, 1920b: 257; Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18; Emery, 1925b: 109.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTREMA)
Myrmotrema Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus foraminosus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmotrema as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 245; Arnold, 1922: 613; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 130; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOBRACHYS)
Myrmobrachys Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica senex, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmobrachys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 91; Forel, 1914a: 262; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 161; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMENTOMA)
Myrmentoma Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica lateralis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
Myrmentoma as junior synonym of Orthonotomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 264; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 970.
Myrmentoma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Emery, 1920b: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925a: 62; Emery, 1925b: 116; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSPHINCTA)
Myrmosphincta Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sexguttata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica cinerascens, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 265; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 614.]
Myrmosphincta as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 265; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 238; Arnold, 1922: 614; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 151; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTARSUS)
Myrmotarsus Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica mistura, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica irritabilis, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260.]
Myrmotarsus as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 260; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 134; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPOMIS)
Myrmepomis Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sericeiventris, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica fulvopilosa, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 265; repeated in Arnold, 1922: 614.]
Myrmepomis as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 265; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 245; Arnold, 1922: 614; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 170; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPOMIS)
Myrmolophus Emery, 1920b: 237 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sericeiventris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmolophus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 237.
Myrmolophus as junior synonym of Myrmepomis: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 170. [Myrmepomis and Myrmolophus share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOGONIA)
Myrmogonia Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus laminatus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
Myrmogonia as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 143; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEURYNOTA)
Myrmeurynota Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus eurynotus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 81.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Camponotus gilviventris, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 266.]
Myrmeurynota as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1912i: 92; Forel, 1914a: 266; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 167; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPSAMMA)
Myrmopsamma Forel, 1914a: 261 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus mystaceus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopsamma as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 261; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1920b: 246; Arnold, 1922: 612; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 70; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOMALIS)
Myrmomalis Forel, 1914a: 263 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus depressus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmomalis as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1914a: 263; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPLATYS)
Myrmoplatys Forel, 1916: 460 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus korthalsiae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoplatys as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936e: 219 (in text); Donisthorpe, 1943f: 670.
Myrmoplatys as subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1916: 460; Forel, 1917: 251; Emery, 1920b: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 135; Bolton, 1994: 50.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAPHAENUS)
Myrmaphaenus Emery, 1920b: 237 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus leydigi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmaphaenus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 152; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of CAMPONOTUS (MYRMAPHAENUS)
Paracolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 249 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus salvini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paracolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709.
Paracolobopsis as junior synonym of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152; Kempf, 1972a: 44.
Neomyrmamblys Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus fastigatus, by subsequent designation of Santschi, 1921f: 311.
Taxonomic history
Neomyrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708.
Neomyrmamblys as junior synonym of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152; Kempf, 1972a: 44.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMONESITES)
Myrmonesites Emery, 1920b: 242 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus putatus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmonesites as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 242; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706; Emery, 1925b: 123.
[Myrmensites Donisthorpe, 1943f: 666, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPYTIA)
Myrmopytia Emery, 1920b: 243 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus imitator, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopytia as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 114; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOTEMNUS)
Myrmotemnus Emery, 1920b: 246 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus moeschi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmotemnus as junior synonym of Myrmamblys: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 708; Emery, 1925b: 137; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 671 (anachronism).
Myrmotemnus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 246; Santschi, 1926c: 601.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (PSEUDOCOLOBOPSIS)
Pseudocolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 249 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus macrocephalus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 157; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSTENUS)
Myrmostenus Emery, 1920b: 250 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus mirabilis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmostenus as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 161; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (HYPERCOLOBOPSIS)
Hypercolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 250 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Colobopsis paradoxa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hypercolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 160; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of CAMPONOTUS (HYPERCOLOBOPSIS)
Neocolobopsis Borgmeier, 1928b: 65 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Neocolobopsis) scrobifer (junior synonym of Camponotus coriolanus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neocolobopsis as subgenus of Camponotus Borgmeier, 1928b: 65.
Neocolobopsis as junior synonym of Hypercolobopsis: Kempf, 1968b: 411; Kempf, 1972a: 43.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPIROMIS)
Myrmopiromis Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica fulvopilosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopiromis as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707; Emery, 1925b: 1127.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOSAULUS)
Myrmosaulus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica cinerascens, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica singularis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1925b: 113, repeated in Donisthorpe, 1943f: 670. Note that Donisthorpe, 1932c: 445, states that C. cinerascens belongs in subgenus Myrmosericus. If so then Myrmosaulus would fall as a junior synonym of Myrmosericus.]
Myrmosaulus as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Emery, 1925b: 112; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOCLADOECUS)
Myrmocladoecus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus latangulus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709.
Taxonomic history
Myrmocladoecus as subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 709; Emery, 1925b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MANNIELLA)
Manniella Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus sphaericus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Manniella subgenus of Camponotus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 710; Emery, 1925b: 159; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMISOLEPIS)
Myrmisolepis Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus epinotalis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmisolepis as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 310; Emery, 1925b: 133; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPELTA)
Myrmopelta Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus arminius, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopelta as junior synonym of Myrmamblys: Emery, 1925b: 137.
Myrmopelta as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 310; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704 (footnote); Santschi, 1926a: 16; Santschi, 1926c: 603; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPLATYPUS)
Myrmoplatypus Santschi, 1921f: 311 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus platytarsus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoplatypus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 311; Emery, 1925b: 169; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMEPINOTUS)
Myrmepinotus Santschi, 1921f: 312 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus echinoploides, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmepinotus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1921f: 312; Emery, 1925b: 126; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOXYGENYS)
Myrmoxygenys Emery, 1925b: 70 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus caesar, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmoxygenys as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 70; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (KARAVAIEVIA)
Karavaievia Emery, 1925b: 115 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus exsectus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Karavaievia as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 115; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMODIRACHIS)
Myrmodirachis Emery, 1925b: 168 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus heathi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmodirachis as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1925b: 168; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMESPERA)
Myrmespera Santschi, 1926b: 247 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmespera) debellator, by subsequent designation of Santschi, 1926c: 604.
Taxonomic history
Myrmespera as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926b: 247; Santschi, 1926c: 603; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (PARAMYRMAMBLYS)
Paramyrmamblys Santschi, 1926c: 604 [as subgenus of Camponotus].Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmamblys) ostiarius, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paramyrmamblys as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926c: 604; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMACRHAPHE)
Myrmacrhaphe Santschi, 1926c: 607 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus conradti, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmacrhaphe as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1926c: 607; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (THLIPSEPINOTUS)
Thlipsepinotus Santschi, 1928e: 483 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus claripes, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Thlipsepinotus as subgenus of Camponotus: Santschi, 1928e: 483; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus CAMPONOTUS (MYRMOPALPELLA)
Myrmopalpella Stärcke, 1934: 30 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus megalonyx, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrmopalpella as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936e: 219 (in text); Donisthorpe, 1943f: 669.
Myrmopalpella as subgenus of Camponotus: Bolton, 1995b: 37.
Genus Camponotus references
Mayr, 1861: 35 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 1, 9 (Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 397, 403 (Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 6, 7 (Camponotus, Colobopsis diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 67 (Colobopsis diagnois); Mayr, 1868c: 27 (†Baltic Amber species key); Mayr, 1870a: 373 (Colombia + Panama (= New Grenada) species key); Mayr, 1870b: 941 (Colobopsis species key); André, 1874: 175 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 38 (Switzerland species key); Mayr, 1876: 58 (Australia species key); Mayr, 1878: 869 (all Dendromyrmex species key (as part of Camponotus)); Forel, 1878: 367, 368 (Camponotus, Colobopsis diagnoses); André, 1882a: 138 (Europe & Algeria species key); André, 1882b: 159 (Europe & Algeria Colobopsis species key); Cresson, 1887: 255 (U.S.A. Camponotus, Colobopsis catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 228 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 57 (Russia species key); Forel, 1891b: 71, 216 (Madagascar species key); Forel, 1892j: 223 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 219 (Rhinomyrmex, Mayria, Camponotus catalogues); Emery, 1893i: 667 (North America species key); Forel, 1893b: 435 (India & Sri Lanka C. (Colobopsis) species key); Emery, 1895j: 772 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896d: 370, 378 (species groups, catalogue); Emery, 1898a: 225 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Emery, 1903 (South America species key); Bingham, 1903: 343, 348 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Colobopsis, Camponotus species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 185 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908a: 183 (Palaearctic C. herculeanus & C. maculatus groups species key); Bondroit, 1910: 486 (Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 297 (North America species key); Forel, 1914a: 259, 266 (subgenera diagnoses, species listed by subgenus); Stitz, 1914: 94 (Central Europe species key); Santschi, 1915c: 266 (C. (Myrmotrema) species key); Emery, 1916b: 227 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 600 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Mann, 1916: 489 (Dendromyrmex, all species key); Bondroit, 1918 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1920b: 235 (subgenera, diagoses); Emery, 1920c: 8 (Old World C. maculatus group, checklist & key); Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 16 (subgenera, notes); Santschi, 1921f: 310 (subgenera, notes); Mann, 1921: 489, 499 (Fiji Is C. (Myrmogonia) & C. (Colobopsis) species keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704 (subgenera synopsis); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 232, 948, 1039 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Arnold, 1922: 610, 612, 619, 662, 673 (diagnosis, South Africa subgenera synopsis, South Africa C. (Tanaemyrmex), C. (Myrmophyma), C. (Myrmopsamma) species keys); Arnold, 1924: 683, 700, 709, 724, 735 (South Africa C. (Myrmosericus), C. (Myrmamblys), C. (Orthonotomyrmex), C. (Myrmotrema), C. (Myrmepomis) species keys); Emery, 1925a: 62 (Palaearctic C. lateralis group, key); Emery, 1925b: 59 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 69 (C. (Dinomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 70 (C. (Myrmoxygenys) & C. (Myrmopsamma) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 71 (C. (Camponotus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 75 (C. (Tanaemyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 104 (C. (Myrmosericus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 107 (C. (Myrmothrix) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 109 (C. (Myrmophyma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 112 (C. (Myrmosaulus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 114 (C. (Myrmopytia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 115 (C. (Karavaievia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 116 (C. (Myrmentoma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 121 (C. (Mayria) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 123 (C. (Myrmonesites) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 124 (C. (Orthonotomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 126 (C. (Myrmepinotus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 127 (C. (Myrmopiromis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 130 (C. (Myrmotrema) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 133 (C. (Myrmisolepis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 134 (C. (Myrmotarsus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 135 (C. (Myrmoplatys) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 136 (C. (Myrmamblys) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 142 (C. (Rhinomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 143 (C. (Myrmogonia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 144 (C. (Colobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 151 (C. (Myrmosphincta) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 152 (C. (Myrmaphaenus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 157 (C. (Pseudocolobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 159 (C. (Manniella) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 160 (C. (Hypercolobopsis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 161 (C. (Myrmostenus) & C. (Myrmobrachys) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 166 (C. (Myrmocladoecus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 167 (C. (Myrmeurynota) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 168 (C. (Myrmodirachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 169 (C. (Myrmomalis) & C. (Myrmoplatypus) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1925b: 170 (C. (Myrmepomis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 172 (Dendromyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1926a: 16, 21 (C. (Myrmopelta) diagnosis, species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 275 (Ukraine species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 601 (Russia species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 81 (Israel species key); Menozzi, 1935c: 330 (Chile species key); Karavaiev, 1936: 175 (Ukraine species key); Finzi, 1936: 190 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 316 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 236 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 109 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 109 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 387 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Donisthorpe, 1932g: 248 (C. (Orthonotomyrmex) notes); Holgersen, 1943b: 174 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 293 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 362 (North America species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 220 (Asia checklist); Yasumatsu & Brown, 1951: 29 (C. herculeanus complex); Kusnezov, 1952d: 192 (Argentina species key); Yasumatsu & Brown, 1957: 45 (C. herculeanus complex); Pisarski, 1961a: 175 (Poland species key); Gregg, 1963: 655 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 163 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Arnol'di, 1967: 1817 (former U.S.S.R. C. (Camponotus) species key); Bernard, 1967: 330 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 42, 95 (Neotropical catalogue); Hashmi, 1973: 1 (C. (Myrmothrix) all species revision, key); Alayo, 1974: 27 (Cuba species key); Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 117 (Chile species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 144 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 130 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 191 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 551 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 90 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 87 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1424 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 445 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 264 (Germany species key); Collingwood, 1985: 275 (Saudi Arabia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 109 (Australia catalogue); Dumpert, 1986: 571 (C. (Karavaievia) species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 60 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 282 (Balkans species key); Taylor, 1987a: 10, 16 (Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand checklists); Snelling, R.R. 1988: 57 (Nearctic C. (Myrmentoma) species key); Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989a: 222 (China species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 125 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 164 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 332 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 38 (Japan species key); Terayama, 1991: 165 (Japan C. (Paramyrmamblys) species); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 207 (Bulgaria species key); Wang, C. & Wu, 1994: 28 (China species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 116 (South Siberia species key); Arakelian, 1994: 82 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 83, 169 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 92 (Sweden species key); Dumpert, Maschwitz, Weissflog et al. 1995: 104 (C. (Karavaievia) species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 352 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 168 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 370 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 170 (Central Europe species key); Radchenko, 1996b: 1195 (Asiatic Palaearctic species key); Cagniant, 1996b: 87 (Morocco species key); McArthur & Adams, 1996: 18 (Australia C. nigriceps group, key); Mackay, 1997: 194 (C. (Myrmostenus) species key); Mackay & Mackay, 1997b: 319 and Snelling, R.R. 2000: 607 (C. montivagus complex, keys); Robertson & Zachariades, 1997: 2 (C. fulvopilosus group, key); Snelling & Torres, 1998: 9 (Puerto Rico & Virgin Is species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 24 (Portugal species key); Terayama, 1999b: 27 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 91 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 200 (China, Guangxi species key); McArthur & Shattuck, 2001: 27 (Australia C. macrocephalus group, key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 153 (Poland species key); Fernández, 2002: 58 (C. (Dendromyrmex) diagnosis, all species revision, key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 248 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Shattuck & McArthur, 2002: 65 (Australia C. wiederkehri group key); Bolton, 2003: 112 (synopsis); Shattuck, 2005: 3 (C. aureopilus group key); Radchenko, 2005b: 188 (North Korea species key); Hansen & Klotz, 2005: 75 (North American “Carpenter Ants” key); Snelling, R.R. 2006: 96 (U.S.A. C. festinatus complex, key); Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 29 (India species, key); Dumpert, Maschwitz & Weissflog, 2006: 77 (C. (Karavaievia) species, keys); Seifert, 2007: 152 (North and Central Europe species key); McArthur, 2007a: 290 (Australia species key); Shattuck & Janda, 2009: 252 (C. aureopilus group key); Mackay & Delsinne, 2009: 496 (New World C. maculatus complex, key); Terayama, 2009: 216 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 60 (south-western Australia species key); Ionescu-Hirsch, 2009: 59 (Israel species key); McArthur, 2010: 18 (south Australia species key).
Formicinae Camponotini Polyrhachis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 614 species, 86 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Polyrhachis Smith, F. 1857a: 58. Type-species: Formica bihamata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Polyrhachis Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172, nomen nudum.]
Polyrhachis in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 58.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 652 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae].
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 367 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 257.
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Polyrhachis in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 194; Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Forel, 1912i: 89; Forel, 1917: 251; Arnold, 1924: 741.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae, Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 175; all subsequent authors except the following.
Polyrhachis in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Polyrhachis as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170. [Myrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 106; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702, 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; all subsequent authors (see note under Myrma).]
[Polyrachis Arnold, 1924: 741, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Subgenera of POLYRHACHIS include the nominal plus the following.
All the earlier subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Polyrhachis by Brown, 1973b: 178 - 184. Brown's list was repeated in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 19 but with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms; subgeneric status was reinstated in Bolton, 1994: 50. These consecutive entries are not repeated individually below.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMA)
Myrma Billberg, 1820: 104. Type-species: Formica militaris, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 859.
Taxonomic history
[Although Myrma antedates Polyrhachis, the former has been treated as a subgenus of the latter since Forel, 1917: 251 (see Hung, 1967b: 396 for history). Dorow, Kohout & Taylor, 1997: 236 proposed the precedence of Polyrhachis over Myrma and that precedence was established by the ICZN (Opinion 1919) 1999: 92.]
Polyrhachis as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 170.
Myrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 106; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702, 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; all subsequent authors, see note above.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMA)
Hoplomyrmus Gerstäcker, 1859: 262. Type-species: Hoplomyrmus schistaceus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Hoplomyrmus also described as new by Gerstäcker, 1862: 508.]
Hoplomyrmus as junior synonym of Polyrhachis: Roger, 1861b: 174; Roger, 1863b: 6; Mayr, 1863: 446; Dalla Torre, 1893: 257.
Hoplomyrmus as junior synonym of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; Bolton, 1973b: 288.
Pseudocyrtomyrma Emery, 1921e: 18 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis revoili, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocyrtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Emery, 1921e: 18; Emery, 1925b: 206.
Pseudocyrtomyrma as junior synonym of Myrma: Bolton, 1973b: 288.
Anoplomyrma Chapman, 1963: 258 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Anoplomyrma) parabiotica, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anoplomyrma as junior synonym of Myrma: Dorow, 1995: 30.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HEMIOPTICA)
Hemioptica Roger, 1862a: 238. Type-species: Hemioptica scissa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hemioptica in Formicinae: Mayr, 1862: 769 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 6 [Formicidae].
Hemioptica in Camponotinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 271.
Hemioptica in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Emery, 1895j: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; all subsequent authors except the following.
Hemioptica in Camponotinae, Polyrhachidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Hemioptica as junior synonym of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1878: 368.
Hemioptica as subgenus of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
Hemioptica as genus: Roger, 1862a: 238; Mayr, 1862: 769; Mayr, 1865: 6; Dalla Torre, 1893: 271; Emery, 1895j: 772; Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 144; Emery, 1925b: 209; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 649; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 255.
Hemioptica as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Mayr, 1872: 138; Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 95; Bolton, 1995b: 31; Dorow, 1995: 29.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HAGIOMYRMA)
Hagiomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica ammon, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hagiomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 184; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HIRTOMYRMA)
Hirtomyrma Kohout, 2010: 199 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis hirta, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hirtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Kohout, 2010: 199.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CAMPOMYRMA)
Campomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911g: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis clypeata (junior synonym of Formica exercita), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Campomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 178; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMOTHRINAX)
Myrmothrinax Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis thrinax, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmothrinax as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 704; Emery, 1925b: 178; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMOTHRINAX)
Evelyna Donisthorpe, 1937c: 273 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Evelyna) cheesmanae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Evelyna as junior synonym of Myrmothrinax: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CYRTOMYRMA)
Cyrtomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica rastellata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cyrtomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 207; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMHOPLA)
Myrmhopla Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Formica armata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmhopla as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 701; Emery, 1925b: 190; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMHOPLA)
Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935a: 115 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Cephalomyrma) stylifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cephalomyrma as junior synonym of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Florencea Donisthorpe, 1937a: 624 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Florencea) kirkae (junior synonym of Polyrhachis nigriceps), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Florencea as junior synonym of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (CHARIOMYRMA)
Chariomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis guerini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Chariomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 185; all subsequent authors.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (HEDOMYRMA)
Hedomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis ornata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hedomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1915b: 107; Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 189; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of POLYRHACHIS (HEDOMYRMA)
Dolichorhachis Mann, 1919: 386 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Dolichorhachis) malaensis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dolichorhachis as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Mann, 1919: 386; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 188.
Dolichorhachis as junior synonym of Hedomyrma: Dorow, 1995: 26.
Morleyidris Donisthorpe, 1944c: 64 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Morleyidris) trina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Morleyidris as junior synonym of Hedomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (MYRMATOPA)
Myrmatopa Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis schang, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmatopa as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Forel, 1917: 251; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 702; Emery, 1925b: 180; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (MYRMATOPA)
Irenea Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Irenea) omyrmex, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Irenea in Dolichoderinae, Dolichoderini: Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Irenea as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502.
Irenea as genus: Donisthorpe, 1941h: 59; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Irenea as junior synonym of Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa): Bolton, 1994: 50; Dorow, 1995: 42.
Subgenus POLYRHACHIS (AULACOMYRMA)
Aulacomyrma Emery, 1921e: 17 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis porcata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Aulacomyrma as subgenus of Polyrhachis: Emery, 1921e: 17; Emery, 1925b: 197; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonym of POLYRHACHIS (AULACOMYRMA)
Johnia Karavaiev, 1927e: 43 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Johnia) schizospina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Johnia as junior synonym of Aulacomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 402.
Genus Polyrhachis references
Smith, F. 1858b: 58 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 6 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 422, 443 (Hemioptica, Polyrhachis catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 6 (Polyrhachis, Hemioptica diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 40, 41 (diagnosis, species groups (as "turmae")); Mayr, 1876: 68 (Australia species key); Forel, 1878: 368 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1879: 648 (species groups); André, 1887: 286 (Afrotropical species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 257, 271 (Polyrhachis, Hemioptica catalogues); Forel, 1893c: 17 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Emery, 1896d: 378 (catalogue); Emery, 1897d: 579, 582 (P. relucens & P. guerini groups, keys); Emery, 1898a: 227 (additions to 1896a catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 383 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Santschi, 1910h: 284 (P. rastellata group, key); Viehmeyer, 1914b: 50, 54 (P. rastellata & P. hostilis groups, keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 256, 701, 992 (diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical catalogue); Arnold, 1924: 741 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1925b: 175 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 178 (P. (Campomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 180 (P. (Myrmatopa) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 181 (P. (Polyrhachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 182 (P. (Myrmothrinax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 184 (P. (Hagiomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 185 (P. (Chariomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 188 (P. (Dolichorhachis) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 189 (P. (Hedomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 190 (P. (Myrmhopla) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 197 (P. (Aulacomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 198 (P. (Myrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 206 (P. (Pseudocyrtomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 207 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 209 (Hemioptica diagnosis, catalogue); Donisthorpe, 1938c: 246 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) review); Santschi, 1939c: 13 (P. (Pseudocyrtomyrma) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186, 255, 256 (Asia Irenea, Hemioptica, Polyrhachis checklists); Hung, 1962: 24 (Taiwan species key); Hung, 1967b: 395 (review of subgenera); Hung, 1970: 5 (P. (Polyrhachis) species revision, key); Bolton, 1973b: 289 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Bolton, 1975c: 1 (P. sexspinosa group, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 131 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 59 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Kohout, 1987: 169 (Philippines P. sexspinosa group, key); Kohout, 1989: 515 (Australia P. relucens group, key); Kohout, 1990: 500 (P. viehmeyeri group, key); Kohout & Taylor, 1990: 509 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 45 (Japan species key); Wang C. & Wu, 1991: 596 (China species key); Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 96 (P. (Hemioptica) species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 342 (catalogue); Dorow, 1995: 9 (subgenera revision, subgenera key, catalogue); Dorow, 1995: 10-11 (P. (Myrmhopla) species groups, key; P. arachne-, P. cryptoceroides- P. flavoflagellata-, P. furcata- and P. hector species groups, keys); Dorow, 1995: 12 (P. (Aulacomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 13 (P. (Campomoyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 16 (P. (Chariomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 21 (P. (Cyrtomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 24 (P. (Hagiomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 26 (P. (Hedomyrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 28 (P. (Hemioptica) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 30 (P. (Myrma) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 42 (P. (Myrmatopa) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 45 (P. (Myrmhopla) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 61 (P. (Myrmothrinax) synopsis); Dorow, 1995: 63 (P. (Polyrhachis) synopsis); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 159 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 107 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 190 (China, Guangxi species key); Xu, 2002b: 523 (China P. (Cyrtomyrma) species key; Bolton, 2003: 122 (synopsis); Karmaly, 2004: 542 (India species key); Kohout, 2006a: 146 (P. cryptoceroides group, key); Kohout, 2006b: 87 (P. Cyrtomyrma) of Australia, Borneo, New Guinea, Solomon Is, keys); Kohout, 2007a: 189 (P. Aulacomyrma) diagnosis, all species revision, key); Kohout, 2007c: 8 (P. (Campomyrma) Borneo, key); Kohout, 2008a: 255 (Sulawesi species, keys); Kohout, 2008b: 298 (P. vestita group key); Kohout, 2008d: 12 (flavoflagellata group key); Kohout, 2009: 40, 44 (modifications to Kohout 2006b key); Terayama, 2009: 218 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 106 (south-western Australia species key); Kohout, 2010: 169, 171, 200 (Australia subgenera key, Australia P. (Myrmhopla) species key, Australia P. (Hirtomyrma) species key).
Formicinae Formicini Formica TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 176 species, 24 subspecies
Fossil: 64 species
Formica Linnaeus, 1758: 579. Type-species: Formica rufa, by subsequent designation of Curtis, 1839: 752.
Taxonomic history
Formica in Formicites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 199.
Formica in Formicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 1.
Formica in Formicinae: Mayr, 1861: 45 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 653 (in key) [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 8 [Formicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 47 [Formicidae].
Formica in Camponotinae: Forel, 1878: 373 [Camponotidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 450 [Camponotidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 192.
Formica in Camponotinae, Camponotini: Forel, 1886f: 205.
Formica in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1895j: 772; Forel, 1899c: 127; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 143; Forel, 1912i: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 120; Forel, 1917: 250.
Formica in Formicinae, Formicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384; Bondroit, 1918: 41; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699; Emery, 1925b: 241; all subsequent authors except the following.
Formica in Formicinae, Formica genus group: Agosti, 1991: 295.
Junior synonyms of FORMICA
Formicina Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172. Type-species: Formica rufa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Formica flava, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1916a: 61 (footnote); repeated by Emery, 1916b: 239 and Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170.]
Formicina in Camponotinae, Formicini: Forel, 1917: 249.
Formicina as genus: Emery, 1916a: 61; Emery, 1916b: 239; Forel, 1917: 249; Bondroit, 1918: 19.
Formicina as subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172.
Formicina as junior synonym of Lasius: Emery, 1925b: 226; Brown, 1973b: 180.
Formicina as junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209.
Formicina as junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646; Agosti, 1994a: 106; Bolton, 1994: 50. [Formica and Formicina share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Neoformica Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica pallidefulva, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Neoformica also described as new by Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 548.]
Neoformica as subgenus of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82; Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 388 (in key); Forel, 1917: 250; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 700; Emery, 1925b: 244; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 673; Creighton, 1950a: 543.
Neoformica as junior synonym of Formica: Buren, 1968a: 39; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Raptiformica Forel, 1913i: 361 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica sanguinea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Raptiformica as subgenus of Formica: Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1925b: 258; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723; Creighton, 1950a: 460.
Raptiformica as junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote); Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Serviformica Forel, 1913i: 361 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica fusca, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Serviformica as subgenus of Formica: Forel, 1913i: 361; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1925b: 245; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 725.
Serviformica as junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote); Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Francoeur, 1973: 34; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 106.
Coptoformica Müller, 1923: 146 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica exsecta, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1941f: 37.
Taxonomic history
Coptoformica as junior synonym of Formica: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Adformica Lomnicki, 1925a: 164 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica exsecta, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1927b: 316.
Taxonomic history
Adformica as junior synonym of Coptoformica: Stitz, 1939: 306; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620 [Adformica and Coptoformica share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Iberoformica Tinaut, 1990a: 282 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica subrufa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Iberoformica as junior synonym of Formica: Agosti, 1994a: 107.
Genus Formica references
Mayr, 1855: 300 (diagnosis, Austria species key); Smith, F. 1858b: 1 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 46 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 12 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 410 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 8 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 182 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 51 (Switzerland species key); Forel, 1878: 373 (diagnosis); André, 1882b: 176 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 255 (U.S.A. catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 232 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 61 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 192 (catalogue); Emery, 1893i: 643 (North America species key); Forel, 1894c: 402 (India species key); Bingham, 1903: 334 (India species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 318 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 8 (Luxemburg species key); Emery, 1909b: 180 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 482 (Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 387 (subgenera, species groups, all species keys); Stitz, 1914: 88 (Central Europe species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 244 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 257 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 594 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Bondroit, 1917a: 174 (France F. rufa group, key); Bondroit, 1918: 41 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (subgenera key); Emery, 1925b: 241 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1925b: 244 (F. (Neoformica) diagnosis, catalogue; Emery, 1925b: 245 (F. (Serviformica) diagnosis, catalogue; Emery, 1925b: 251 (F. (Formica) diagnosis, catalogue; Emery, 1925b: 258 (F. (Raptiformica) diagnosis, catalogue; Lomnicki, 1925a: 171 (Poland species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926b: 93 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 282 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 284 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 603 (Russia species key); Karavaiev, 1936: 220 (Ukraine species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 321 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 306 (Germany species key); Creighton, 1940a: 1 (North America F. rufa subspecies key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 103 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 103 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 375 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 175 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 200 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 299 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 187 (Belgium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 456 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 197 (Asia checklist); Yarrow, 1954a: 229 (Britain F. fusca group); Yarrow, 1955a: 29 (Britain F. rufa group, key); Wilson & Brown, 1955: 108 (F. sanguinea & F. neogagates groups, synopsis); Boven, 1959: 12 (Netherlands species key); Betrem, 1960b: 75 (F. rufa group, key); Gregg, 1963: 498 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 205 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Cotti, 1963: 1 (F. rufa group, bibliography 1930-61); Dlussky, 1964: 1026 (former U.S.S.R. F. (Coptoformica) species key); Collingwood, 1964: 109 (Britain species key); Brown, 1965d: 181 (F. integra subgroup); Dlussky, 1965a: 15 (Mongolia and Tibet species key); Dlussky, 1967a: 39 (Palaearctic species key); Dlussky, 1967b: 80 (†Baltic Amber species key); Bernard, 1967: 285 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Buren, 1968a: 36 (Nearctic F. sanguinea group species key); Boven, 1970b: 34 (Netherlands species key); Dlussky & Pisarski, 1971: 145 (Poland species key); Francoeur, 1973: 272 (Nearctic F. fusca group, revision, key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 6 (Britain species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 177 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 236 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 552 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 93 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 112 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448 (North America catalogue); Douwes, 1979: 187 (F. rufa group systematics); Kupyanskaya, 1980: 95 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Allred, 1982: 446 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Kupyanskaya, 1984: 103 (Far Eastern Russia F. truncorum complex, key); Snelling & Buren, 1985: 71 (Nearctic F. sanguinea group, key); Gösswald, 1985: 274 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 76 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 74 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 285 (Balkans species key); Gösswald, 1989: 49 (F. rufa group taxonomy); Agosti & Bolton, 1990b: 149 (characters); Wu, J. 1990: 4 (China species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 138 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 174 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1991: 31 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 255 (Bulgaria species key); Agosti, 1994a: 106 (diagnosis, review of genus); Radchenko, 1994b: 112 (South Siberia species key); Arakelian, 1994: 89 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 50 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 190 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 94 (Sweden species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 353 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 138 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 201 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 41 (Britain species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 25 (Portugal species key); Tinaut, A. & Martínez-Ibánez, 1998: 36 (Iberian Peninsula F. rufa, F. sanguinea & F. exsecta groups, key); Seifert, 2000a: 563 (Palaearctic F. (Coptoformica) species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 148 (Poland species key); Chang & He, 2002a: 51 (northwest China species key); Seifert, 2002b: 267 (F. cinerea group revision key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 277 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Bolton, 2003: 127 (synopsis); Radchenko, 2005b: 188 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 176 (North and Central Europe species key); Trager, MacGown & Trager, 2007: 627 (F. pallidefulva group key); Dlussky, 2008a: 57 (Europe Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 224 (Taiwan species key); Seifert & Schultz, 2009: 258 (F. rufibarbis group key).
Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmecini Tetraponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 89 species, 19 subspecies
Fossil: 7 species
Tetraponera Smith, F. 1852: 44. Type-species: Tetraponera atrata (junior synonym of Eciton nigrum), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 173.
Taxonomic history
Tetraponera in Formicidae, Poneridae: Smith, F. 1857a: 70.
Tetraponera in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1877b: 68.
Tetraponera in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 24.
Tetraponera in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 654; subsequent authors to the following.
Tetraponera in Pseudomyrmecinae: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17; all subsequent authors.
Tetraponera as junior synonym of Pseudomyrma: Roger, 1863b: 24; Mayr, 1863: 451.
Tetraponera as junior synonym of Sima: Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Bingham, 1903: 107; Emery, 1917a: 95.
Tetraponera as subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1900d: 673; Emery, 1915b: 266; Arnold, 1916: 180; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 24.
Tetraponera as genus: Smith, F. 1852: 44; Smith, F. 1857a: 70; Smith, F. 1877b: 68; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 654; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17; Ward, 1990: 470; Bolton, 1994: 184.
Junior synonyms of TETRAPONERA
Sima Roger, 1863a: 178. Type-species: Sima compressa (junior synonym of Pseudomyrma allaborans), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Eciton rufonigrum, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1915b: 266, repeated in Emery, 1917a: 95 and Emery, 1921f: 22.]
Sima in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 328.
Sima in Myrmicidae, Myrmeciidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Sima in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 25 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1866b: 906 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53.
Sima in Myrmicidae, Pseudomyrminae: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Sima in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 768; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 240; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 40; Arnold, 1916: 173; Emery, 1921f: 21.
Sima as genus: Roger, 1863a: 178; Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1868c: 100; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Emery, 1900d: 672; Bingham, 1903: 107; Emery, 1914a: 40; Emery, 1915b: 266; Arnold, 1916: 173; Emery, 1917a: 95; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 21.
Sima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Smith, F. 1877b: 68; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 47; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 105; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726; Ward, 1990: 470.
Pachysima Emery, 1912b: 97 [as subgenus of Sima]. Type-species: Tetraponera aethiops, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pachysima in Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmini: Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 22.
Pachysima in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112, 654.
Pachysima as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 308 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112, 654.
Pachysima as subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1912b: 97; Arnold, 1916: 174; Emery, 1921f: 22.
Pachysima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Ward, 1990: 470.
Viticicola Wheeler, W.M. 1919i: 130 (in text). Type-species: Sima tessmanni, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Viticicola also as new in Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53.]
Viticicola in Pseudomyrminae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 107, 654.
Viticicola as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Ward, 1990: 470.
[Viticola Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Parasima Donisthorpe, 1948d: 592 [as subgenus of Tetraponera]. [Unnecessary replacement name for Sima in the sense of Emery, 1921f: 23.]
Taxonomic history
Parasima as junior synonym of Tetraponera: Ward, 1990: 470.
Genus Tetraponera references
Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 25 (Sima diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (Sima diagnosis); Mayr, 1868c: 101 (†Baltic Amber species key); Smith, F. 1877b: 68 (checklist); Dalla Torre, 1893: 53 (catalogue); Emery, 1900d: 17 (Asia & Australia species key); Forel, 1903a: 708 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 107 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Arnold, 1916: 173 (Sima diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1921f: 21 (Sima diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 22 (S. (Pachysima) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 24 (S. (Tetraponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112 (Pachysima species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 104, 107, 112 (Tetraponera, Viticicola, Pachysima diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 795, 801 (Afrotropical Tetraponera, Viticicola, Pachysima catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1014 (Malagasy catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 17 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 79 (Australia checklist); Wu, J. & Wang, 1990: 516 (China species key); Dlussky & Radchenko, 1990: 120 (Vietnam species key); Ward, 1990: 470 (diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 184 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 416 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 55 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 312 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 208 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 64 (China, Guangxi species key); Ward, 2001: 596 (Oriental & Australian, all species, revision, key); Xu & Chai, 2004: 64 (China species key); Ward, 2006: 120 (Afrotropical species groups key); Ward, 2006: 123 (T. ambigua group, key); Ward, 2009: 288 (T. grandidieri group, key); Dlussky, 2009: 1084 (Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 128 (Taiwan species key).
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys TRUE TRUE FALSE146 species
Cerapachys Smith, F. 1857a: 74. Type-species: Cerapachys antennatus, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 28.
Taxonomic history
Cerapachys in Myrmicinae: Smith, F. 1857a: 74 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1861b: 47 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 329 [Myrmicidae].
Cerapachys in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Cerapachys in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Cerapachys in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162 (also misspelled Orapachys, same page); Forel, 1900d: 331; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 8; Arnold, 1915: 11; Forel, 1917: 239; Brown, 1975: 18; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Cerapachys in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17; Kempf, 1972a: 76; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Jaffe, 1993: 9; Bolton, 1994: 19; Bolton, 2003: 34.
Junior synonyms of CERAPACHYS
Syscia Roger, 1861a: 19. Type-species: Syscia typhla, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Syscia in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Syscia in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Syscia in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1900d: 329; Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Syscia as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 31.
Syscia as subgenus of Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 730.
Syscia as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76; Brown, 1975: 18; all subsequent authors.
Ooceraea Roger, 1862a: 248. Type-species: Ooceraea fragosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ooceraea in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 24 [Myrmicidae].
Ooceraea in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Ooceraea in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1871a: 324.
Ooceraea in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Ooceraea in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162.
Ooceraea in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Ooceraea in Ecitoninae, Ecitonini: Ashmead, 1905b: 381; Ashmead, 1906: 25.
Ooceraea as genus: Roger, 1862a: 248; Smith, F. 1871a: 324; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 31.
Ooceraea as subgenus of Cerapachys: Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 678.
Ooceraea as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Lioponera Mayr, 1879: 666. Type-species: Lioponera longitarsus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lioponera in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Lioponera in Pachycondylinae, Lioponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Lioponera in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1900d: 329; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 11; Forel, 1917: 239.
Lioponera in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Lioponera in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 657.
Lioponera as subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 1892l: 244.
Lioponera as genus: Mayr, 1879: 666; Dalla Torre, 1893: 17; Forel, 1900d: 329; Bingham, 1903: 26; Emery, 1911d: 11; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 657.
Lioponera as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Parasyscia Emery, in André, 1882c: 235. Type-species: Parasyscia piochardi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Parasyscia in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Parasyscia in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765.
Parasyscia in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162 [Cerapachysii]; Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Parasyscia as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 17.
Parasyscia as subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 1892l: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 9; Forel, 1917: 239; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 681; Creighton, 1950a: 57.
Parasyscia as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76; Brown, 1975: 18; all subsequent authors.
Phyracaces Emery, 1902c: 23. Type-species: Cerapachys mayri, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Phyracaces in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 10; Arnold, 1915: 17; Forel, 1917: 239.
Phyracaces in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 683.
Phyracaces as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Cysias Emery, 1902c: 24 [as subgenus of Cerapachys]. Type-species: Ooceraea papuana, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cysias in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Cysias as genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Cysias as subgenus of Cerapachys: Emery, 1902c: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 637.
Cysias as junior synonym of Syscia: Emery, 1911d: 10; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Ceratopachys Schulz, W.A. 1906: 155, unjustified emendation of Cerapachys.
Taxonomic history
Ceratopachys as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 755.
Chrysapace Crawley, 1924: 380. Type-species: Chrysapace jacobsoni (junior secondary homonym in Cerapachys, replaced by Cerapachys crawleyi), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Chrysapace in Ponerinae: Crawley, 1924: 380.
Chrysapace in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633.
Chrysapace as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Neophyracaces Clark, 1941: 76. Type-species: Phyracaces clarus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neophyracaces in Cerapachyinae: Clark, 1941: 76.
Neophyracaces as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 19; all subsequent authors.
Yunodorylus Xu, 2000b: 297. Type-species: Yunodorylus sexspinus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Yunodorylus in Dorylinae: Xu, 2000b: 297.
Yunodorylus in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Bolton, 2003: 141, 268.
Yunodorylus as junior synonym of Cerapachys: Bolton, 2003: 141, 268; Borowiec, 2009: 57.
Genus Cerapachys references
Roger, 1863b: 21, 25 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 403, 439, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 15, 24 (Syscia, Ooceraea diagnoses); André, 1882c: 236 (Europe & Algeria species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 17 (Lioponera, Cerapachys, Parasyscia, Ooceraea, Syscia catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 331 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 27, 28 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Lioponera, Cerapachys species keys); Emery, 1911d: 8 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 9 (C. (Parasyscia) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 10 (C. (Ooceraea) & C. (Syscia) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 10 (Phyracaces diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 11 (Lioponera diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 11 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 239 (Australia Phyracaces species key); Mann, 1921: 408 (Fiji species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 52, 53, 639 (Cerapachys & Phyracaces diagnoses, subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1924d: 224 (Chrysapace, comments); Arnold, 1926: 193 (South Africa species, revised key); Donisthorpe, 1939a: 253 (Lioponera diagnosis); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 17, 21, 22 (Asia Cerapachys, Lioponera, Phyracaces checklists); Wilson, 1959b: 44, 52, 55, 56 (Melanesia, Fiji Is, New Guinea & New Caledonia species keys); Kempf, 1972a: 76 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1975: 18, 26 (diagnosis, keys); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1333 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 16 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Terayama, Kubota, Sakai & Kawazoe, 1988: 35 (Taiwan species key); Morisita, Kubota, Onoyama, et al. 1989: 30 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 142 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 47 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 312 (Saudi Arabia species key); Terayama, 1996: 18 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 60 (Australia synopsis); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 36 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Borowiec, 2009: 46 (C. sexspinus group key); Terayama, 2009: 122 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 126 (south-western Australia species key).
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Sphinctomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE22 species
Sphinctomyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 895. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex stali, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sphinctomyrmex in Dorylidae: Mayr, 1866b: 895; Forel, 1878: 365 (footnote).
Sphinctomyrmex Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 16.
Sphinctomyrmex in Dorylinae, Cerapachyini: Emery, 1895j: 765; Emery, 1901a: 34.
Sphinctomyrmex in Dorylinae, Dorylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 381; Ashmead, 1906: 27.
Sphinctomyrmex in Ponerinae, Cerapachyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 116; Forel, 1900d: 328; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 6; Forel, 1917: 239; Brown, 1975: 18; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Sphinctomyrmex in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, 1902d: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 638; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727; Kempf, 1972a: 241; Bolton, 1990a: 67; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Jaffe, 1993: 9; Bolton, 1994: 19; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of SPHINCTOMYRMEX
Eusphinctus Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-species: Eusphinctus furcatus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eusphinctus in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 645.
Eusphinctus as subgenus of Sphinctomyrmex: Emery, 1895k: 456; Forel, 1900d: 328; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 137; Emery, 1911d: 7; Forel, 1917: 239.
Eusphinctus as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639.
Eusphinctus as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Nothosphinctus Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219 [as subgenus of Eusphinctus]. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex froggatti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675.
Taxonomic history
Nothosphinctus as subgenus of Eusphinctus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639.
Nothosphinctus as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Zasphinctus Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219 [as subgenus of Eusphinctus]. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex turneri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Zasphinctus as subgenus of Eusphinctus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639.
Zasphinctus as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Aethiopopone Santschi, 1930a: 49. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex rufiventris, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Aethiopopone in Cerapachyinae, Cerapachyini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620.
Aethiopopone as junior synonym of Sphinctomyrmex: Bolton, 1973a: 341; Brown, 1975: 31; all subsequent authors.
Genus Sphinctomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 16 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 25 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 6 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 7 (S. (Eusphinctus) diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 224 (Australia Eusphinctus species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 639 (Eusphinctus subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 755 (Afrotropical catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 21 (Asia checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 241 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1975: 31 (diagnosis, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 49 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 73 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 392 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 62 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2009: 131 (south-western Australia species key).
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 137 species
Fossil: 6 species
Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863a: 174. Type-species: Ponera tornata, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1911d: 44.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Ectatomma concinna, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164; see Emery, 1912d: 271 and Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.]
Gnamptogenys in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae].
Gnamptogenys in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Gnamptogenys in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 44; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; all subsequent authors to the following.
Gnamptogenys in Ectatomminae, Ectatommini: Bolton, 2003: 46.
Gnamptogenys as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 540; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1895b: 113; Forel, 1899c: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 44; Gallardo, 1918b: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 644; Borgmeier, 1923: 60; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Gnamptogenys as genus: Roger, 1863a: 174; Forel, 1917: 236; Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of GNAMPTOGENYS
Stictoponera Mayr, 1887: 539 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ponera coxalis, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 82.
Taxonomic history
Stictoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Stictoponera in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 47; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728.
Stictoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 539; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 316; Bingham, 1903: 82; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Stictoponera as genus: Emery, 1911d: 47; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728.
Stictoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Holcoponera Mayr, 1887: 540 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Gnamptogenys striatula, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1911d: 40.
Taxonomic history
Holcoponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Holcoponera in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 40; Forel, 1917: 236; Gallardo, 1918b: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; all subsequent authors.
Holcoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 540; Dalla Torre, 1893: 23; Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Holcoponera as genus: Emery, 1902a: 181; Emery, 1911d: 40; Forel, 1917: 236; Gallardo, 1918b: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Borgmeier, 1923: 55; Santschi, 1929h: 437; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Holcoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Alfaria Emery, 1896e: 177 (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Alfaria simulans, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Alfaria also described as new by Emery, 1896g: 41.]
Alfaria in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1899c: 3.
Alfaria in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Alfaria in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 46; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; all subsequent authors.
Alfaria as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Poneracantha Emery, 1897d: 547 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Holcoponera) bispinosum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Poneracantha as subgenus of Ectatomma: Emery, 1911d: 43; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643.
Poneracantha as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Rhopalopone Emery, 1897d: 549. Type-species: Rhopalopone epinotalis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Rhopalopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Rhopalopone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1911d: 34 [subtribe Typhlomyrmecini]; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; all subsequent authors.
Rhopalopone as genus: Emery, 1911d: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Borgmeier, 1923: 54.
Rhopalopone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Emeryella Forel, 1901e: 334. Type-species: Emeryella schmitti, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Emeryella in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Emeryella in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 46; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 13; all subsequent authors.
Emeryella as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; all subsequent authors.
Mictoponera Forel, 1901e: 372 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Mictoponera) diehlii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Mictoponera as subgenus of Ectatomma: Forel, 1901e: 372; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Mictoponera as junior synonym of Rhopalopone: Emery, 1911d: 34.
Mictoponera as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Parectatomma Emery, 1911d: 44 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma triangulare, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parectatomma as subgenus of Ectatomma: Emery, 1911d: 44; Creighton, 1950a: 35; Kusnezov, 1956: 14.
Parectatomma as subgenus of Gnamptogenys: Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643.
Parectatomma as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Spaniopone Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 11. Type-species: Spaniopone haytiana, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Spaniopone in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1916i: 36; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 645; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727.
Spaniopone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Emery, 1919c: 107.
Spaniopone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Wheeleripone Mann, 1919: 282. Type-species: Wheeleripone albiclava, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Wheeleripone in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 642; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736.
Wheeleripone as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Opisthoscyphus Mann, 1922: 4. Type-species: Opisthoscyphus scabrosus (junior synonym of Alfaria minuta), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Opisthoscyphus in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 13; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 678.
Opisthoscyphus as junior synonym of Alfaria: Brown, in Borgmeier, 1957: 115.
Opisthoscyphus as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Commateta Santschi, 1929h: 476 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Parectatomma) bruchi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Commateta as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Tammoteca Santschi, 1929h: 476 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma concinnum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Tammoteca as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Barbourella Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 10 [as subgenus of Emeryella]. Type-species: Emeryella (Barbourella) banksi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Barbourella as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212; all subsequent authors.
Genus Gnamptogenys references
Roger, 1863b: 19 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 422 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 15 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 963 (all species key); Mayr, 1887: 540 (diagnosis); Emery, 1889b: 494 (Ectatomma (Stictoponera) species key); Emery, 1896g: 43, 44 (G. (Holcoponera), G. (Gnamptogenys) species keys; Forel, 1900d: 316 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 82 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 34 (Rhopalopone diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 40 (Holcoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 43 (Ectatomma (Poneracantha) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 44 (Ectatomma (Parectatomma) & E. (Gnamptogenys) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 46 (Emeryella diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 46 (Alfaria diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 47 (Stictoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Gallardo, 1918b: 22, 42 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1919: 286 (Wheeleripone species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 240 (Rhopalopone species key); Santschi, 1929h: 471 (Holcoponera species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 26, 29 (Asia Rhopalopone, Stictoponera checklists); Brown, 1954h: 1 (G. coxalis group species); Brown, 1956: 489 (Holcoponera species notes); Brown, 1958g: 211 (revision of genus, all species keys); Brown, 1958g: 230 (New World species revision, key); Brown, 1958g: 237 (Old World species revision, key); Kempf, 1972a: 111 (Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1337 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 30 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 28 (Australia checklist); Brandão & Lattke, 1990: 489 (Alfaria group, status); Lattke, 1990b: 22 (Venezuela species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 344 (Neotropical catalogue); Lattke, 1992a: 123 (G. minuta group, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 208 (catalogue); Lattke, 1995: 149 (New World species revision, key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 36 (China species key); Xu & Zhang, 1996: 56 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 185 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 31 (China, Guangxi species key); Lattke, 2004: 51 (Old World species revision, key); Lattke, Fernández & Palacio, 2007: 257 (New World species key); Lattke, Fernández, et al. 2008: 68 (Colombia species key).
Myrmicinae Dacetini Strumigenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 487 species
Fossil:
Strumigenys Smith, F. 1860c: 72. Type-species: Strumigenys mandibularis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Strumigenys in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 334; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Strumigenys in Myrmicidae, Cryptoceridae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Strumigenys in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 26 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145.
Strumigenys in Cryptoceridae, Dacetini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.
Strumigenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1892d: 344; Forel, 1893a: 164; Forel, 1895b: 133; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1899c: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Arnold, 1917: 372; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 319; Brown, 1948e: 108; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of STRUMIGENYS
Labidogenys Roger, 1862a: 249. Type-species: Labidogenys lyroessa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Labidogenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 654; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Labidogenys as genus: Roger, 1862a: 249; Brown, 1948e: 102.
Labidogenys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Bingham, 1903: 147; Emery, 1924d: 320; Brown & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, 1960b: 38; Bolton, 1983: 358; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Proscopomyrmex Patrizi, 1946: 294. Type-species: Proscopomyrmex londianensis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Proscopomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Patrizi, 1946: 294 [Dacetonini].
Proscopomyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, 1949d: 15; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Eneria Donisthorpe, 1948d: 598. Type-species: Eneria excisa (junior synonym of Strumigenys loriae), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Eneria as genus: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104 (anachronism).
Eneria as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, 1949d: 15; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Quadristruma Brown, 1949b: 47. Type-species: Epitritus emmae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Quadristruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1949b: 47; all subsequent authors.
Quadristruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
Genus Strumigenys references
Roger, 1863b: 40 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 26 (diagnosis); Forel, 1886a: 216 (all species key); Mayr, 1887: 568 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 145 (catalogue); Emery, 1895c: 325 (North America species key); Emery, 1897c: 574 (New Guinea species key); Forel, 1903a: 707 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 147 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 146 (New World species key); Santschi, 1913b: 257 (Afrotropical species key); Arnold, 1917: 373 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Mann, 1921: 467 (Fiji Is species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 917, 1034 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 319 (diagnosis, catalogue); Brown, 1948e: 108 (diagnosis, review of genus); Brown, 1949d: 21 (Japan, China & Taiwan species key); Creighton, 1950a: 301 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104, 107 (Asia Eneria, Strumigenys (Strumigenys) checklists); Brown, 1954k: 10 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Brown, 1958h: 38 (New Zealand species); Brown, 1962c: 238 (Neotropical species synopsis, key); Kempf, 1972a: 226, 243 (Neotropical Quadristruma, Strumigenys catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 19 (Cuba species key); Kempf, 1976b: 43 (additions to Brown, 1962c key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1403, 1409 (North America Strumigenys, Quadristruma catalogues); Bolton, 1983: 358, 400 (Afrotropical Strumigenys, Quadristruma species revisions, keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 85, 87 (Australia Quadristruma, Strumigenys catalogues); Taylor, 1987a: 66, 76 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Terayama & Kubota, 1989: 780 (Taiwan species key); Brandão, 1991: 380 (Neotropical catalogue); Arakelian & Dlussky, 1991: 150 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 63 (Japan species key); Dlussky, 1993: 53 (Fiji Is, Tonga and Samoa species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 377, 395 (catalogue); Gronenberg, 1996: 2021 (mandible morphology); Lin & Wu, 1996: 139 (Taiwan species key); Lattke & Goitía, 1997: 370 (Venezuela species key); Shattuck, 1999: 160, 167 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 1999: 1657, 1673 (morphology, diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Bolton, 2000: 496, 583, 716, 942 (Neotropical-Nearctic, Afrotropical, Malesian-Oriental-East Palaearctic, Austral species revisions, keys); Fisher, 2000: 614 (Malagasy species revision, key); Zhou, 2001b: 78 (China, Guangxi species key); Lin & Wu, 2001: 166 (Taiwan species key); Zhou & Xu, 2003: 737 (China species key); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2007: 676 (Japan species key); Terayama, 2009: 142 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 176 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Stenammini Stenamma TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 44 species
Fossil: 1 species
Stenamma Westwood, 1839: 219. Type-species: Stenamma westwoodii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Stenamma in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Stenamma in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1861: 55 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 23 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 121.
Stenamma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 53; Kempf, 1972a: 242 (anachronism).
Stenamma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 52 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Karavaiev, 1934: 96; Kugler, C. 1994: 25.
Stenamma in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of STENAMMA
Asemorhoptrum Mayr, 1861: 76. Type-species: Myrmica lippula, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Asemorhoptrum in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 20 [Myrmicidae]; Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 460; [Myrmicidae].
Asemorhoptrum as junior synonym of Stenamma: André, 1883a: 310; all subsequent authors except the following.
[Asemorhoptrum as junior synonym of Proatta: Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395 (error).]
Theryella Santschi, 1921d: 68. Type-species: Theryella myops (provisional junior synonym of Stenamma punctiventre), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Theryella as junior synonym of Stenamma: Santschi, 1923a: 136; all subsequent authors except the following.
[Theryella as junior synonym of Proatta: Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395 (error).]
Genus Stenamma references
Roger, 1863b: 25, 27 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 395, 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 20, 23 (Asemorhoptrum, Stenamma diagnoses); André, 1883a: 311 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 121 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 693 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Emery, 1908c: 306 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 127 (Italy species key); Emery, 1921f: 52 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnol'di, 1928b: 215 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 599 (Russia species key); Buren, 1944a: 284 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 135 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 153 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1957b: 141 (U.S.A. species key); Yasumatsu & Murakami, 1960: 28 (Japan species key); Smith, M.R. 1962a: 38 (Mexico and Central America species key); Gregg, 1963: 347 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 120 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 126 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 242 (Neotropical catalogue); Snelling, R.R. 1973c: 5 (Western U.S.A. species key); Arnol'di, 1975: 1826 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Kutter, 1977c: 74 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 535 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 80 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1357 (North America, catalogue); Allred, 1982: 443 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 297 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 33 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 268 (Balkans species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 116 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 14 (Japan species key); Arakelian, 1994: 29 (Armenia species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 344 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 393 (catalogue); Seifert, 1996b: 155 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 44 (Britain species key); Fernández, Baena & Palacio, 1996: 9 (Colombia species key); DuBois, 1998b: 215 (Palaearctic & Oriental species revision, keys); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 209 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Lyu & Cho, 2004: 263 (Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 143 (North and Central Europe species key); Branstetter, 2009: 43 (diagnosis).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 160 species, 13 subspecies
Fossil: 6 species
Carebara Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Carebara lignata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Carebara in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 178.
Carebara in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 23 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1871a: 334 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae].
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Myrmicariini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kusnezov, 1964: 61; Kempf, 1972a: 74; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 2003: 61.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Carebara in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 248; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 219; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Junior synonyms of CAREBARA
Oligomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 110. Type-species: Oligomyrmex concinnus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kempf, 1972a: 172; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389; Jaffe, 1993: 10.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 215; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Oligomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Oligomyrmex as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Aeromyrma Forel, 1891b: 198. Type-species: Aeromyrma nosindambo, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Aeromyrma also described as new by Forel, 1891a: cccvii; no species-rank taxa named.]
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 78.
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Aeromyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 256; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 215; all subsequent authors.
Aeromyrma as genus: Forel, 1891b: 198; Arnold, 1916: 256; Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663, 882.
Aeromyrma as subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Emery, 1915c: 59 (footnote); Emery, 1924d: 215; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 620.
Aeromyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Aeromyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Aneleus Emery, 1900c: 327 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-species: Solenopsis similis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 158.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Pheidologeton pygmaeus, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 77; repeated in Emery, 1924d: 214.]
Aneleus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Aneleus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 254; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 213; all subsequent authors.
Aneleus as genus: Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 254; Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 213.
Aneleus as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Aneleus as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Erebomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 138. Type-species: Erebomyrma longii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 145; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 46; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Erebomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 218; all subsequent authors.
Erebomyrma as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 218; Creighton, 1950a: 245; Kusnezov, 1964: 62; Wilson, 1986b: 61; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13.
Erebomyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; Kempf, 1972a: 172; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 298.
Erebomyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Paedalgus Forel, 1911i: 217. Type-species: Paedalgus escherichi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1911i: 218; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Emery, 1924d: 221; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Paedalgus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Paedalgus as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Lecanomyrma Forel, 1913k: 56 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-species: Pheidologeton (Lecanomyrma) butteli, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lecanomyrma as subgenus of Pheidologeton: Forel, 1913k: 56; Forel, 1917: 243.
Lecanomyrma as subgenus of Aneleus: Emery, 1924d: 215.
Lecanomyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors to the following.
Lecanomyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Spelaeomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 9. Type-species: Spelaeomyrmex urichi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Spelaeomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologitonini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 11; Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59.
Spelaeomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Spelaeomyrmex as junior synonym of Erebomyrma: Wilson, 1962a: 63.
Spelaeomyrmex as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Hendecatella Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 93 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Hendecatella) capreolus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hendecatella as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors.
Hendecatella as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Solenops Karavaiev, 1930a: 207 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Solenops) weyeri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Solenops as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119; all subsequent authors.
Solenops as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Crateropsis Patrizi, 1948: 174 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Crateropsis) elmenteitae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Crateropsis as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120; all subsequent authors.
Crateropsis as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Sporocleptes Arnold, 1948: 219. Type-species: Sporocleptes nicotianae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Sporocleptes as junior synonym of Aneleus: Consani, 1951: 169; Arnold, 1952a: 460.
Sporocleptes as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Nimbamyrma Bernard, 1953b: 240. Type-species: Nimbamyrma villiersi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Nimbamyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Bernard, 1953b: 240.
Nimbamyrma as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120; all subsequent authors.
Nimbamyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194; Fernández, 2010: 201.
Afroxyidris Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 631. Type-species: Afroxyidris crigensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Afroxyidris in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetonini: Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 632; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Afroxyidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Afroxyidris as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Neoblepharidatta Sheela & Narendran, 1997: 88. Type-species: Neoblepharidatta nayana, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neoblepharidatta incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Sheela & Narendran, 1997: 89.
Neoblepharidatta as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 216, 273.
Neoblepharidatta as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
Parvimyrma Eguchi & Bui, 2007: 40. Type-species: Parvimyrma sangi, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parvimyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Eguchi & Bui, 2007: 40.
Parvimyrma as junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2010: 195.
Genus Carebara references
Smith, F. 1858b: 178 (Carebara diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 32 (Carebara catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 402 (Carebara catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 23 (Carebara diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 106 (Carebara diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 74, 78 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Bingham, 1903: 150 (Carebara diagnosis); Bingham, 1903: 154 (Oligomyrmex India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Santschi, 1913e: 459 (African Oligomyrmex, key); Santschi, 1914d: 363 (Afrotropical Carebara species key); Arnold, 1916: 248, 254, 256 (Carebara, Aneleus, Aeromyrma diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 165, 687 (Aeromyrma diagnosis, Oligomyrmex subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 168, 172, 883 (Carebara diagnosis, Afrotropical species key, Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 177, 884 (Paedalgus diagnosis, Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880, 881, 882 (Afrotropical Aneleus, Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1028 (Malagasy Oligomyrmex, Aeromyrma catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 213 (Aneleus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 215 (Aneleus (Lecanomyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 215 (Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 217 (O. (Oligomyrex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 218 (Erebomyrma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 219 (Carebara diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 221 (Paedalgus diagnosis, catalogue); Weber, 1950a: 1 (Africa Oligomyrmex species, synopsis); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 151, 154, 156, 158 (Asia Carebara, Aeromyrma, Aneleus, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus checklists); Weber, 1952: 11 (Africa O. (Aeromyrma) species key); Ettershank, 1966: 119 (Oligomyrmex diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 125 (Carebara diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 128 (Paedalgus diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Kempf, 1972a: 74 (Carebara Neotropical catalogue); Kempf, 1972a: 172 (Oligomyrmex Neotropical catalogue); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389 (Oligomyrmex North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 71 (Oligomyrmex Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 50 (Oligomyrmex Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Taylor, 1991db: 605 (Oligomyrmex Australia species, partial key); Brandão, 1991: 342 (Oligomyrmex Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 45 (Oligomyrmex Japan species key); Bolton & Belshaw, 1993: 181 (Paedalgus diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048, 1051 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus census); Bolton, 1995b: 133, 298, 311 (Carebara, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 74 (Oligomyrmex China species key); Terayama, 1996: 24 (Oligomyrmex Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 148 (Oligomyrmex Australia synopsis); Xu, 2003: 311 (Oligomyrmex China species key); Terayama, 2009: 151 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 386 species, 30 subspecies
Fossil: 3 species
Monomorium Mayr, 1855: 452. Type-species: Monomorium monomorium (replacement name for Monomorium minutum, junior secondary homonym in Monomorium), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Monomorium in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 452 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 71 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 65.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 124; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 78; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; in Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Monomorium in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Arnold, 1916: 203; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 166; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of MONOMORIUM
Phacota Roger, 1862b: 260. Type-species: Phacota sichelii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Phacota in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Phacota in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 71.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 187; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; all subsequent authors except the entry below; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Phacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Phacota as genus: Bolton, 1987: 281.
Phacota as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865: 19. Type-species: Trichomyrmex rogeri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Trichomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 185; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 733.
Trichomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
†Lampromyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 93. Type-species: †Monomorium mayrianum (replacement name for †Lampromyrmex gracillimus, junior secondary homonym in Monomorium), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1868c: 93 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 78.
†Lampromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 183 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 655.
†Lampromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45.
†Lampromyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1922e: 183; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
†Lampromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 299.
Holcomyrmex Mayr, 1879: 671. Type-species: Holcomyrmex scabriceps, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 280.
Taxonomic history
[Holcomyrmex Smith, F. 1873: ix, nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.]
Holcomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Holcomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 181 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 650.
Holcomyrmex as genus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 65; Forel, 1903a: 692; Bingham, 1903: 280.
Holcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 181; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Holcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Emery, 1908h: 667; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 295.
Epoecus Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi. Type-species: Epoecus pergandei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Epoecus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Anergatini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 204; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643.
Epoecus as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287.
Wheeleriella Forel, 1907f: 145.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 171; junior homonym of Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37 (Lepidoptera).]
Wheeleriella in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Wheeleriella in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 186; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Wheeleriella as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 291.
Homonym replaced by Wheeleriella
Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 171. Type-species: Wheeleria santschii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Junior homonym of Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37 (Lepidoptera).]
Epixenus Emery, 1908f: 556. Type-species: Epixenus andrei (junior secondary homonym in Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium advena), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 163.
Taxonomic history
Epixenus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 184; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 662; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643.
Epixenus as junior synonym of Monomorium: Brown & Wilson, 1957bb: 244; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287; Tinaut & Ortiz, 1988: 167.
Mitara Emery, 1913b: 261 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium laeve, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Mitara in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Arnold, 1916: 238; Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; all subsequent authors.
Mitara as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1913b: 261; Emery, 1915i: 190; Arnold, 1916: 238; Forel, 1917: 242.
Mitara as junior synonym of †Lampromyrmex: Emery, 1922e: 183; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162, 676.
Mitara as genus: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 662.
Mitara as junior synoynm of Monomorium: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 299.
Chelaner Emery, 1914f: 410 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Chelaner) forcipatum, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1922e: 168.
Taxonomic history
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Emery, 1922e: 168; all subsequent authors except the following.
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81.
Chelaner in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Chelaner as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1914f: 410; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 168; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Chelaner as genus: Ettershank, 1966: 93; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 55; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Chelaner (and its junior synonyms Notomyrmex, Protholcomyrmex, Schizopelta) as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 300; Heterick, 2001: 354.
Notomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Atta antarctica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Notomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 168; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; Kusnezov, 1956: 20.
Notomyrmex as genus: Kusnezov, 1957a: 269 (in key); Kusnezov, 1960b: 343; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 60.
Notomyrmex as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Parholcomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Myrmica gracillima (junior synonym of Atta destructor), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Parholcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 179; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; subsequent authors to the following.
Parholcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
[Paraholcomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 191, Forel, 1917: 242, incorrect subsequent spellings.]
Xeromyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Formica salomonis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Xeromyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 175; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677.
Xeromyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 294.
Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915c: 259 [as subgenus of Monomorium.] Type-species: Monomorium modestum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1917: 242 [subtribe Monomoriini]; Emery, 1922e: 175; all subsequent authors to the following.
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Monomorium genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81.
Syllophopsis in Myrmicinae, Monomoriini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Syllophopsis as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1915c: 259; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 175; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 729; Arnold, 1952a: 465.
Syllophopsis as genus: Santschi, 1921c: 119; Santschi, 1936a: 32; Ettershank, 1966: 100.
Syllophopsis as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 287.
[Syllopsis Santschi, 1921c: 120, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Corynomyrmex Viehmeyer, 1916a: 133 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Corynomyrmex) hospitum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Corynomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Viehmeyer, 1916a: 133; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 174.
Corynomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287.
Isolcomyrmex Santschi, 1917b: 296 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex santschii (junior secondary homonym in Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium santschianum), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Isolcomyrmex as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1917b: 296; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676.
Isolcomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 296.
[Isholcomyrmex Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Paraphacota Santschi, 1919d: 90. Type-species: Paraphacota surcoufi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Phacota noualhieri, unjustified subsequent designation by Santschi, 1927d: 245; repeated in Ettershank, 1966: 82 and Bolton, 1973a: 352.]
Paraphacota in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 681.
Paraphacota as junior synonym of Monomorium: Santschi, 1927d: 243; Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 293.
Equestrimessor Santschi, 1919d: 92 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex chobauti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 644.
Taxonomic history
Equestrimessor as subgenus of Monomorium: Santschi, 1919d: 92;Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677; Santschi, 1936a: 32.
Equestrimessor as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 287, 297.
[Equessimessor Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Xenhyboma Santschi, 1919g: 405. Type-species: Xenhyboma mystes (junior synonym of Monomorium medinae), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xenhyboma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736.
Xenhyboma as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Espadaler, 1982b: 112; Bolton, 1987: 293.
Protholcomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium rothsteini, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Protholcomyrmex as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Ireneidris Donisthorpe, 1943c: 81. Type-species: Ireneidris myops (junior synonym of Monomorium talpa), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Ireneidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini [subtribe Monomoriini]: Donisthorpe, 1943c: 82.
Ireneidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381; Bolton, 1987: 298.
Schizopelta McAreavey, 1949: 14. Type-species: Schizopelta falcata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Schizopelta as junior synonym of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 93.
Nothidris Ettershank, 1966: 105. Type-species: Monomorium latastei, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Megalomyrmex genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; in Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Megalomyrmecini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80.
Nothidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kempf, 1972a: 165; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Nothidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Pharaophanes Bernard, 1967: 168 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Formica pharaonis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Pharaophanes Bernard, 1953b: 238 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Unavailable name; proposed without designation of type-species. Species included by Bernard (1953) are all referable to Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 288; Bolton, 1995b: 42 (see also note in Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 90).]
Pharaophanes as junior synonym of Monomorium: Bolton, 2003: 213.
Antichthonidris Snelling, R.R. 1975: 5. Type-species: Monomorium denticulatum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Antichthonidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Antichthonidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Antichthonidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Heterick, 2001: 361.
Epelysidris Bolton, 1987: 279. Type-species: Epelysidris brocha, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Epelysidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Bolton, 1987: 271.
Epelysidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995a: 1049; Bolton, 1995b: 188.
Epelysidris as junior synonym of Monomorium: Fernández, in Heterick, 2006: 79; Fernández, 2007b: 130.
Genus Monomorium references
Roger, 1863b: 30, 31 (Phacota, Monomorium catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 429, 440 (Monomorium, Phacota catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 19, 22 (Trichomyrmex, Monomorium, Phacota diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 95 (Monomorium diagnosis); Mayr, 1876: 100 (Australia Monomorium species key); Emery, 1881b: 530 (Mediterranean & Red Sea Monomorium species key); André, 1883a: 331, 343 (Europe & Algeria Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); André, 1883b: 397 (Phacota); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A. Monomorium catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 69 (Russia Monomorium species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 65, 71, 72, 78 (Holcomyrmex, Monomorium, Phacota, Trichomyrmex, †Lampromyrmex catalogues); Forel, 1903a: 685, 692 (India & Sri Lanka Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); Bingham, 1903: 200, 282 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Monomorium, Holcomyrmex species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 633 (Russian Empire Monomorium species key); Emery, 1908h: 664 (Palaearctic Monomorium species key); Emery, 1915i: 190 (Monomorium subgenera key); Arnold, 1916: 203, 204 (Monomorium diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1916b: 161 (Italy Monomorium species key); Santschi, 1921c: 121 (Syllophopsis species key); Emery, 1922e: 166 (Monomorium diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 168 (M. (Chelaner) & M. (Notomyrmex) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 170 (M. (Monomorium) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 174 (M. (Corynomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 175 (M. (Syllophopsis) & M. (Xeromyrmex) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 179 (M. (Parholcomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 181 (M. (Holcomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 183 (M. (Lampromyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 184 (Epixenus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 185 (Trichomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 186 (Wheeleriella diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 187 (Phacota diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 204 (Epoecus diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 161, 675, 862, 1026 (Monomorium diagnosis, subgenera key, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Menozzi, 1933b: 64 (Israel Monomorium species key); Santschi, 1936a: 33 (Mediterranean & Africa M. (Xeromyrmex) key); Buren, 1944a: 289 (U.S.A., Iowa Monomorium species key); Kusnezov, 1949a: 431 (Argentina Monomorium species); Creighton, 1950a: 217 (North America Monomorium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 239 (Epoecus, review of genus); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 162, 169 (Asia Ireneidris, Monomorium, Trichomyrmex, Wheeleriella checklists); Bernard, 1955b: 282 (Epixenus species key); Brown, 1958h: 28 (New Zealand Monomorium species key); Gregg, 1963: 367 (U.S.A., Colorado Monomorium species key); Ettershank, 1966: 82, 93, 100 (Monomorium, Chelaner, Syllophopsis diagnoses, reviews of genera, checklists); Bernard, 1967: 165 (Monomorium diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 143 (Neotropical Monomorium catalogue); Kempf, 1972a: 165 (Nothidris catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 14 (Cuba Monomorium species key); Snelling, R.R. 1975: 5 (Nothidris all species key); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 79 (Nothidris all species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (former European U.S.S.R. Monomorium species key); Collingwood, 1978: 82 (Iberian Peninsula Monomorium species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1381 (North America Monomorium catalogue); Tohmé & Tohmé, 1980a: 1087 (Lebanon & Syria Epixenus species key); Collingwood, 1985: 267 (Saudi Arabia Monomorium species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 55, 70 (Australia Chelaner, Monomorium catalogues); DuBois, 1986: 74 (Nearctic Monomorium species revision, key); Bolton, 1987: 281 (Phacota diagnosis, review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 283 (Antichthonidris, review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 284 (Nothidris review of genus); Bolton, 1987: 287 (Monomorium diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Taylor, 1987a: 19, 40 and Taylor, 1987b: 2 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand Monomorium checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 272 (Balkans Monomorium species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 231 (Turkmenistan Monomorium species key); Brandão, 1991: 326, 357 (Neotropical Monomorium catalogue); Brandão, 1991: 361 (Nothidris catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 38 (Japan Monomorium species key); Arakelian, 1994: 46 (Armenia Monomorium species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048, 1050, 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 67, 258, 292, 316 (Antichthonidris, Monomorium, Nothidris, Phacota catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 88 (China Monomorium species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 337 (Saudi Arabia Monomorium species key); Radchenko, 1997f: 211 (M. scabriceps group revision, key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 19 (Portugal Monomorium species key); Shattuck, 1999: 145 (Australia synopsis); Heterick, 2001: 367 (Australia Monomorium species revision, key); Zhou, 2001b: 112 (China, Guangxi Monomorium species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 127 (U.S.A., New Mexico Monomorium species key); Heterick, 2006: 84 (Malagasy Monomorium species revision, key); Fernández, 2007b: 139 (Neotropical Monomorium species key); Terayama, 2009: 154 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 158 (south-western Australia species key); Aldawood & Sharaf, 2011: 52 (Saudi Arabia M. monomorium group key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Pheidologeton TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 32 species, 16 subspecies
Fossil: 2 species
Pheidologeton Mayr, 1862: 750. Type-species: Oecodoma diversa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 160.
Taxonomic history
Pheidologeton in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 211; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Pheidologeton in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Bolton, 2003: 61.
Junior synonyms of PHEIDOLOGETON
Phidologeton Bingham, 1903: 160, unjustified emendation of Pheidologeton.
Taxonomic history
Phidologeton as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880.
Amauromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 1. Type-species: Amauromyrmex speculifrons (junior synonym of Pheidole silenus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Amauromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 3; all subsequent authors.
Amauromyrmex as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
Idrisella Santschi, 1937h: 372. Type-species: Pheidologeton dentiviris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Idrisella in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 653.
Idrisella as junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
Genus Pheidologeton references
Roger, 1863b: 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 442 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 22 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 100 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 72 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 690 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 162 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 682 (subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880 (Afrotropical catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 211 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 155, 158 (Asia Amauromyrmex, Pheidologeton checklists); Ettershank, 1966: 115 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 79 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 55 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 333 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 72 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 156 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 89 (China, Guangxi species key); Zhou, Zhao & Jia, 2006: 870 (China species key); Terayama, 2009: 156 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Solenopsis TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 183 species, 75 subspecies
Fossil: 8 species
Solenopsis Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Solenopsis mandibularis (junior synonym of Atta geminata), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Solenopsis in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 177.
Solenopsis in Attidae: Smith, F. 1860a: 74; Smith, F. 1861b: 48.
Solenopsis in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 333; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Solenopsis in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 24 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsis genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 271.
Solenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Forel, 1893a: 164; Forel, 1895b: 130; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1899c: 79; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 41; Arnold, 1916: 242; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1922e: 195; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Kempf, 1972a: 232; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1384; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Jaffe, 1993: 10; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Junior synonyms of SOLENOPSIS
Diplorhoptrum Mayr, 1855: 449. Type-species: Formica fugax, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Diplorhoptrum in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 449 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 72 [Myrmicidae].
Diplorhoptrum in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1922e: 195; all subsequent authors.
Diplorhoptrum as genus: Mayr, 1855: 449; Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 68; Kutter, 1977c: 98; Bernard, 1978a: 543; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539; Collingwood, 1979: 64; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 132; Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 167; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 102; Baroni Urbani, 1995: 20 (footnote).
Diplorhoptrum as subgenus of Solenopsis: Creighton, 1930b: 43; Santschi, 1934e: 566 (in text), 568; Creighton, 1950a: 233; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 813; Kusnezov, 1956: 27; Kusnezov, 1957a: 273; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Smith, M.R. 1967: 358.
Diplorhoptrum as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Mayr, 1862: 751; Roger, 1863b: 32; Mayr, 1863: 453; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75; Forel, 1915d: 9; Emery, 1922e: 195; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 877; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 639; Ettershank, 1966: 134; Kempf, 1972a: 232; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1384; Bolton, 1987: 285; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 27.
Octella Forel, 1915b: 70 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Octella) pachycerus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Octella as subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Forel, 1917: 243; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 687; Emery, 1924d: 218.
Octella as junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
Octella as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Taylor, 1991db: 611.
Synsolenopsis Forel, 1918b: 155 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Synsolenopsis) bruchi (junior primary homonym in Solenopsis, replaced by Solenopsis bruchiella), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Synsolenopsis as subgenus of Solenopsis: Forel, 1918b: 155; Emery, 1922e: 196.
Synsolenopsis as genus: Creighton, 1930b: 41 (in text); Kusnezov, 1953c: 341; Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Synsolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Diagyne Santschi, 1923c: 268 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis succinea by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Diagyne in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 638.
Diagyne as subgenus of Solenopsis: Santschi, 1923c: 268; Creighton, 1930b: 42; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160.
Diagyne junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Labauchena Santschi, 1930d: 81. Type-species: Labauchena daguerrei, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Labauchena in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Santschi, 1930d: 81; all subsequent authors.
Labauchena as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Euophthalma Creighton, 1930b: 43 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Myrmica globularia, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Euophthalma as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Oedaleocerus Creighton, 1930b: 43 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis angulata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Oedaleocerus in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 677.
Oedaleocerus as subgenus of Solenopsis: Creighton, 1930b: 43.
Oedaleocerus as genus: Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Oedaleocerus as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Bisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1953d: 9. Type-species: Bisolenopsis sea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bisolenopsis in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1953d: 9; Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 159; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Bisolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
[Disolenopsis Snelling, R.R. 1981: 397, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Paranamyrma Kusnezov, 1953d: 17. Type-species: Paranamyrma solenopsidis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Paranamyrma also described as new by Kusnezov, 1954a: 9.]
Paranamyrma in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1957a: 267 (in key); Kusnezov, 1962b: 160; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Paranamyrma as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Granisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1956: 26 [as subgenus of Solenopsis] (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Solenopsis (Granisolenopsis) granivora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Granisolenopsis also described as new by Kusnezov, 1957a: 277.]
Granisolenopsis as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Lilidris Kusnezov, 1956: 26 (diagnosis in key). Type-species: Lilidris metatarsalis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Lilidris also described as new by Kusnezov, 1957a: 274 and Kusnezov, 1958b: 189.]
Lilidris in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Kusnezov, 1957a: 274; Kusnezov, 1958b: 189; Kusnezov, 1962b: 159; Kusnezov, 1964: 61.
Lilidris as junior synonym of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134.
Genus Solenopsis references
Smith, F. 1858b: 177 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 32 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 24 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 109 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 996 (all species key); André, 1883b: 387 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 75 (catalogue); Emery, 1896g: 82 (New World species key); Forel, 1903a: 689 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 158 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1909a: 29 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 165 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1916: 242 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 195 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 163, 877, 1028 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 218 (Oligomyrmex (Octella) diagnosis, catalogue); Creighton, 1930b: 42 (subgenera key); Creighton, 1930b: 45 (S. (Solenopsis) species key); Creighton, 1930b: 106 (S. (Euophthalma) species key); Cole, 1942: 361 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Bernard, 1950a: 5 (France species key); Creighton, 1950a: 228 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 167 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1952b: 50 (South America S. saevissima complex, key); Kusnezov, 1953c: 347 (Synsolenopsis species key); Gregg, 1963: 370 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Snelling, R.R. 1963: 1 (U.S.A S. geminata group species); Ettershank, 1966: 134 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Bernard, 1967: 170 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kusnezov, 1969: 37 (Bisolenopsis species key); Buren, 1972: 1 (S. geminata group, partial revision); Kempf, 1972a: 232 (Neotropical catalogue); Snelling, R.R. & Hunt, 1976: 81 (Chile species key); Kutter, 1977c: 99 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 82 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Bernard, 1978a: 573 (France species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1385 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 443 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 302 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 87 (Australia catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 50 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 72 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (Balkans species key); Bolton, 1987: 285 (synonymy notes); Thompson & Johnson, 1989: 697 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 240 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 378 (Neotropical catalogue); Trager, 1991: 141 (S. geminata group revision, key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 41 (Japan species key); Arakelian, 1994: 48 (Armenia species key); Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 102 (Central Palaearctic species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 386 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 70 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 358 (Saudi Arabia species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 18 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 165 (Australia synopsis); Taber, 2000: 234 (U.S.A. S. geminata group, key); Snelling, R.R. 2001: 522 (Puerto Rico S. fugax group, key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 196 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Terayama, 2009: 157 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 176 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 171 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil: 5 species
Myrmica Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica rubra, by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810: 437; see also Yarrow, 1955b: 113.
Taxonomic history
Myrmica in Myrmicites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 180.
Myrmica in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 114.
Myrmica in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 324; Cresson, 1887: 260.
Myrmica in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 396 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 62 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 460 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 108.
Myrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 63; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 40; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 59; Forel, 1917: 241; Bondroit, 1918: 96; Emery, 1921f: 36; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of MYRMICA
Sifolinia Emery, 1907: 49. Type-species: Sifolinia laurae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sifolinia in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 117; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661.
Sifolinia in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Collingwood, 1979: 58; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Sifolinia as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 219.
†Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60. Type-species: †Macromischa rudis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[†Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 413, and Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 167, nomina nuda.]
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60; all subsequent authors except the following.
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675 (error).
†Nothomyrmica in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 292.
†Nothomyrmica incertae sedis in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Bolton, 2003: 62.
†Nothomyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1495.
Sommimyrma Menozzi, 1925d: 25. Type-species: Sommimyrma symbiotica, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Sommimyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 726.
Sommimyrma as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 224.
Symbiomyrma Arnol'di, 1930c: 267. Type-species: Symbiomyrma karavajevi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Symbiomyrma also described as new by Arnol'di, 1933a: 41.]
Symbiomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Karavaiev, 1934: 102.
Symbiomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 729.
Symbiomyrma as genus: Karavaiev, 1934: 102; Seifert, 1994: 15; Seifert, 1996b: 236.
Symbiomyrma as junior synonym of Sifolinia: Samsinak, 1964: 156.
Symbiomyrma as junior synonym of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3; Bolton, 1994: 106; Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 219.
Paramyrmica Cole, 1957a: 37. Type-species: Paramyrmica colax, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Paramyrmica in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257.
Paramyrmica as genus: Gregg, 1961: 215; Smith, M.R. 1967: 350; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1351.
Paramyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Bolton, 1988a: 3.
Dodecamyrmica Arnol'di, 1968: 1803 [as subgenus of Myrmica]. Type-species: Myrmica arnoldii, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dodecamyrmica as junior synonym of Myrmica: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Francoeur, 1981: 759; Bolton, 1988a: 4.
Genus Myrmica references
Mayr, 1855: 396, 397 (diagnosis, Austria species key); Smith, F. 1858b: 114 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 62 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 28 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 429 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 19 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 192 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 75 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883a: 315 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 260 (U.S.A. catalogue); Provancher, 1887: 246 (Canada species key); Nasonov, 1889: 71 (Russia species key); Lameere, 1892: 68 (Belgium species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 108 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 696 (India species key); Bingham, 1903: 267 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 652 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 15 (Luxemburg species key); Emery, 1908a: 165 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 493 (Belgium species key); Stitz, 1914: 70 (Central Europe species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 110 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 121 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Bondroit, 1918: 98 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1921f: 36 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 117 (Sifolinia diagnosis, catalogue); Finzi, 1926: 77 (diagnosis, European species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927e: 190 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1927c: 258 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 118 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1933b: 599 (Russia species key); Arnol'di, 1934: 151 (former European U.S.S.R. species, biometrics); Karavaiev, 1934: 63 (Ukraine species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 293 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 74 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 75 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 75 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 367 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 168 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 199 (Norway species key); Buren, 1944a: 281 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 175 (Belgium species key); Weber, 1947: 444 (North America species key); Creighton, 1950a: 92 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 124 (Asia checklist); Sadil, 1952: 264 (Czechia & Slovakia species key); Collingwood, 1958b: 65 (Britain species key); Boven, 1959: 7 (Netherlands species key); Gregg, 1963: 290 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 96 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Collingwood, 1964: 101 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 107 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 156 (Sifolinia diagnosis); Boven, 1970b: 16 (Netherlands species key); Arnol'di, 1970b: 1832 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Kutter, 1973c: 253 (morphology, satellite genera, Sifolinia, Sommimyrma, Symbiomyrma, key to first); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 5 (Britain species key); Arnol'di, 1976a: 554 (central Asia & Kazakhstan species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 20 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 43 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 530 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 78 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 41 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1347, 1351 (North America Myrmica, Paramyrmica catalogues); Francoeur, 1981: 755 (M. lampra group); Allred, 1982: 440 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Gösswald, 1985: 294 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 22 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Kupyanskaya, 1986a: 83 (Far Eastern Russia M. lobicornis group, key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 62 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 267 (Balkans species key); Seifert, 1988b: 43 (Europe, Asia Minor & Caucasus species key); Bolton, 1988a: 3 (diagnosis, review of genus, venation); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 181 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 92 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 8 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 80 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 20 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 105 (South Siberia species key); Radchenko, 1994c: 130 (Central & Eastern Palaearctic species key); Douwes, 1995: 86 (Sweden species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 337 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 277 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 91 (China species key); Seifert, 1996b: 140 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 45 (Britain species key); Radchenko, Czechowski & Czechowsa, 1997: 481 (Poland species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 12 (Portugal species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 1998: 3 (M. ritae group, key); Elmes & Radchenko, 1998: 218 (Taiwan species key); Wei, Zhou, He & Liu, 2001: 561 (China species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2001: 262 (Himalaya species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 141 (Poland species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 239 (Palaearctic socially parasitic species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 133 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Radchenko, Elmes & Bui, 2006: 43 (Vietnam species key); Radchenko, Elmes & Alicata, 2006: 531 (Palaearctic schencki group key); Seifert, 2007: 131 (North and Central Europe species key); Francoeur, 2007: 156 (punctiventris group key); Radchenko, Dlussky & Elmes, 2007: 1497 (late Eocene amber species key); Terayama, 2009: 160 (Taiwan species key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2009a: 85 (pachei group key); Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 713 (Palaearctic, Oriental, all species revision, keys).
Myrmicinae Tetramoriini Tetramorium TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 461 species, 16 subspecies
Fossil:
Tetramorium Mayr, 1855: 423. Type-species: Formica caespitum, by subsequent designation of Girard, 1879: 1016.
Taxonomic history
Tetramorium in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 423 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 61 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 20 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 457 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 130.
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Forel, 1899c: 52; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Tetramorium in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Arnold, 1917: 271; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 275; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of TETRAMORIUM
Tetrogmus Roger, 1857: 10. Type-species: Tetrogmus caldarius, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Tetrogmus as subgenus of Tetramorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141.
Tetrogmus as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Roger, 1862c: 297; all subsequent authors except the above; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195.
Xiphomyrmex Forel, 1887: 385 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Xiphomyrmex) kelleri, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 175.
Taxonomic history
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 130.
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Xiphomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 286; all subsequent authors.
Xiphomyrmex as subgenus of Tetramorium: Dalla Torre, 1893: 130; Forel, 1899c: 53; Forel, 1903a: 700; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Arnold, 1917: 274; Arnold, 1926: 277.
Xiphomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1895j: 770; Emery, 1896e: 183; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 193; Emery, 1924d: 286; Smith, M.R. 1938a: 126; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 736; Creighton, 1950a: 293; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 824; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 179; Bernard, 1953b: 250; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Xiphomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bingham, 1903: 175; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Triglyphothrix Forel, 1890b: cvi. Type-species: Triglyphothrix walshi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Triglyphothrix in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 135.
Triglyphothrix in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 272; all subsequent authors.
Triglyphothrix as subgenus of Tetramorium: Arnold, 1917: 274; Arnold, 1926: 272.
Triglyphothrix as genus: Forel, 1890b: cvi. Dalla Torre, 1893: 135; Emery, 1895j: 770; Forel, 1903a: 703; Bingham, 1903: 171; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 196; Emery, 1924d: 272; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734; Creighton, 1950a: 285; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 823; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 178; Bernard, 1953b: 248; Kempf, 1972a: 255; Bolton, 1976: 310; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1399; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 91.
Triglyphothrix as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1985: 247; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Atopula Emery, 1912b: 104. Type-species: Atopomyrmex nodifer, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Atopula in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242 [subtribe Podomyrmini]; all subsequent authors to Bolton, 1976: 359.
Atopula in Myrmicinae, Podomyrmini: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Atopula as subgenus of Vollenhovia: Emery, 1912d: 273.
Atopula as subgenus of Terataner: Arnold, 1952b: 129.
Atopula as genus: Emery, 1912b: 104; Emery, 1914a: 41; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242; Bernard, 1948: 177; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (anachronism).
Atopula as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Macromischoides Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species: Macromischa aculeata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Macromischoides in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism).
Macromischoides in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Santschi, 1924b: 207; all subsequent authors.
Macromischoides as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 187; Santschi, 1924b: 206; Bernard, 1953b: 248; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Macromischoides as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 196.
[Macromichoides Santschi, 1924b: 206, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Lobomyrmex Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Lobomyrmex) ferox silhavyi (junior synonym of Tetramorium ferox), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lobomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 196.
Sulcomyrmex Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Kratochvíl (1941) are all referable to Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359.]
Apomyrmex Calilung, 2000: 66. Type-species: Apomyrmex manobo, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Apomyrmex incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Calilung, 2000: 66.
Apomyrmex as junior synonym of Tetramorium: Bolton, 2003: 227, 269.
Genus Tetramorium references
Roger, 1863b: 26, 27 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 456 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 20 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 972 (all species key); André, 1883a: 285 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1893e: 214 (Triglyphothrix species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 130, 135 (Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Forel, 1903a: 700, 703 (India & Sri Lanka Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix species keys); Bingham, 1903: 172, 175 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Triglyphothrix, Tetramorium species keys); Ruzsky, 1905b: 517 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1909d: 695 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 195 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1917: 271, 275, 334, 345 (diagnosis, South Africa Tetramorium (Tetramorium), T. (Triglyphothrix), T. (Xiphomyrmex) species keys); Bondroit, 1918: 106 (France & Belgium species key); Mann, 1919: 353 (Papuasia Triglyphothrix species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 187, 190, 193, 196 (Macromischoides, Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 886, 889, 893, 906, 909 (Afrotropical Atopula, Macromischoides, Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1030, 1031, 1032 (Malagasy Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 242 (Atopula diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 272 (Triglyphothrix diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 275 (Tetramorium diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 286 (Xiphomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1924b: 210 (Macromischoides species key); Arnold, 1926: 241 (South Africa Tetramorium (Tetramorium) species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 74 (Israel species key); Finzi, 1936: 183 (Egypt species key); Smith, M.R. 1938a: 127 (North America Xiphomyrmex species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 84 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 84 (Central Europe species key); Smith, M.R. 1943b: 2 (North America species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 76, 95 (Central Europe species key); Creighton, 1950a: 290, 293 (North America Tetramorium, Xiphomyrmex species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 174, 178, 179 (Asia Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix, Xiphomyrmex checklists); Brown, 1958h: 27 (New Zealand species); Bernard, 1967: 227 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 249, 255 (Neotropical Tetramorium, Triglyphothrix catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 18 (Cuba species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 105 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Bolton, 1976: 310, 314, 341 (Triglyphothrix diagnosis, Afrotropical, Oriental & Malesian species revisions, keys); Bolton, 1976: 359 (Tetramorium diagnosis, review of genus, synonymy); Bolton, 1977: 72, 133 (Oriental & Malesian, Australia species revisions, keys); Kutter, 1977c: 150 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 544 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 86 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 82 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1399, 1400 (North America Triglyphothrix, Tetramorium catalogues); Bolton, 1979: 132, 159 (Malagasy, New World species revisions, keys); Bolton, 1980: 196, 205 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Collingwood, 1985: 262 (Saudi Arabia species key); Gösswald, 1985: 311 (Germany species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 88 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 78 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 277 (Balkans species key); Wang, M., Xiao & Wu, 1988: 264 (China species key); Radchenko & Arakelian, 1990: 371 (Crimea & Caucasus T. ferox complex, key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 197 (Turkmenistan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 149 (Bulgaria species key); Radchenko, 1992a: 44 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 33 (Japan species key); Arakelian, 1994: 60 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 109 (South Siberia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 403 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 79 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 332 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 158 (Central Europe species key); Cagniant, 1997: 89 (Morocco species key); Radchenko, Czechowski & Czechowsa, 1998: 107 (Poland species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 17 (Portugal species key); Sanetra, Güsten & Schulz, 1999: 317 (Italy, species); Shattuck, 1999: 168 (Australia synopsis); Chang & He, 2001a: 1 (northwest China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 100 (China, Guangxi species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 145 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 214 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Seifert, 2007: 145 (North and Central Europe species key); Csösz, Radchenko & Schulz, 2007: 8 (T. chefketi complex key); Terayama, 2009: 162 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 177 (south-western Australia species key); Csösz & Schulz, 2010: 12 (T. ferox complex key); Hita Garcia, Fischer & Peters, 2010b: 12 (Afrotropical T. weitzeckeri species group key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 176 species, 39 subspecies
Fossil: 19 species
Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853b: 107. Type-species: Aphaenogaster sardoa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 270.
Taxonomic history
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 466 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 19 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 461 [Myrmicidae]; Cresson, 1887: 260 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1891b: 166; Forel, 1895b: 129; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 58; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 53; Santschi, 1932b: 13; Kempf, 1972a: 22 (anachronism).
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Aphaenogastrini: Enzmann, J. 1947b: 147.
Aphaenogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Pheidolidae]; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 55 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Brown, 1949a: 48; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 131; all subsequent authors.
Aphaenogaster as junior synonym of Atta: Mayr, 1863: 395.
Aphaenogaster as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Aphaenogaster as genus: Emery, 1908c: 309; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of APHAENOGASTER
Deromyrma Forel, 1913b: 350 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) swammerdami, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
[Deromyrma also described as new by Forel, 1913k: 49.]
Deromyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1913b: 350; Forel, 1913k: 49; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 64; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; all subsequent authors to the following.
Deromyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Planimyrma Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) loriai, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Planimyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; all subsequent authors to the following.
Planimyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Attomyrma Emery, 1915d: 70 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Formica subterranea, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Attomyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1915d: 70; Emery, 1916b: 129; Emery, 1921f: 56; all subsequent authors to the following.
Attomyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Novomessor Emery, 1915d: 73. Type-species: Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) cockerelli, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Novomessor in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 66 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors except the following.
Novomessor in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 675; Kempf, 1972a: 166.
Novomessor as genus: Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 343; Creighton, 1950a: 155; Hölldobler, Stanton & Engel, 1976: 32.
Novomessor as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1974b: 47; Bolton, 1982: 364 (discussion pp. 339-341).
Nystalomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 215 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Myrmica longiceps, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Nystalomyrma as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 215; Emery, 1921f: 61; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676.
Nystalomyrma as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359; Bolton, 1982: 364.
Brunella Forel, 1917: 234. Type-species: Aphaenogaster belti, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Brunella in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Forel, 1917: 245.
Brunella in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 242; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Brunella incertae sedis in Formicidae: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 259 (anachronism, incomprehensible entry).
Brunella incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Brunella as junior synonym of Atopula: Emery, 1924d: 242; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Brunella as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364; Bolton, 1994: 106.
†Sinaphaenogaster Zhang, 1989: 266 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: †Paraphaenogaster shanwangensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
†Sinaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 2003: 230, 273.
Genus Aphaenogaster references
Mayr, 1855: 466 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 29 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 19 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 92 (diagnosis); André, 1874: 195 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 74 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883b: 348 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1886d: 443 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 260 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1888a: 531 (A. (Ischnomyrmex) species key); Nasonov, 1889: 74 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 98 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 693 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 270 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 714 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908c: 310 (Palaearctic species key); Bondroit, 1910: 495 (Belgium species key); Emery, 1916b: 132 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 585 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 213 (Australia species); Bondroit, 1918: 156 (France & Belgium species key); Emery, 1921f: 55 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 56, 61, 64, 65 (A. (Attomyrma, Nystalomyrma, Deromyrma, Planimyrma) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1921f: 66 (Novomessor diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680 (subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1016, 1029 (Aphaenogaster, Brunella catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 348 (Novomessor species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 296 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 112 (Germany species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 81 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 81 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 363 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 284 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 140, 155 (North America Aphaenogaster, Novomessor species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 131 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1961b: 218 (New Guinea species key); Gregg, 1963: 336 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Bernard, 1967: 128 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 22, 166 (Neotropical Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma), Novomessor catalogues); Arnol'di, 1976b: 1023 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Kutter, 1977c: 77 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 536 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 79 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1359 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 439 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 54 (Australia catalogue); Gösswald, 1985: 298 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 35 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 8 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 269 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 211 (Turkmenistan species key); Brandão, 1991: 326 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 15 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 107 (Bulgaria species key); Schulz, A. 1994a: 425 (A. (Attomyrma), partial key); Arakelian, 1994: 29 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 68 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 110 (China species key); Umphrey, 1996: 557 (North America A. fulva complex key); Cagniant, 1996a: 67 (Morocco species key); Seifert, 1996b: 156 (Central Europe species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 13 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 126 (Australia synopsis); Park & Kim, 2000: 108 (Korea species key); Zhou, 2001b: 142 (China, Guangxi species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 60 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Longino & Cover, 2004: 1 (A. phalangium complex revision); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 144 (North and Central Europe species key); Shattuck, 2008a: 27 (Australia species revision, key); Terayama, 2009: 164 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 144 (south-western Australia species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Lophomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE11 species
Lophomyrmex Emery, 1892a: 114. Type-species: Oecodoma quadrispinosa, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 74.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologeton genus group: Ettershank, 1966: 81; Bolton, 1987: 265.
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidologetini: Emery, 1914a: 41 [subtribe Lophomyrmicini]; Forel, 1917: 243; Emery, 1924d: 208; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16; Bolton, 1994: 106 [Pheidologetonini].
Lophomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Rigato, 1994a: 50.
Lophomyrmex as junior synonym of Monomorium: Dlussky, 1997: 625 (error).
Genus Lophomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 74 (catalogue); Emery, 1893e: 192 (all species key); Forel, 1903a: 695 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 195 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1924d: 208 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 155 (Asia checklist); Ettershank, 1966: 132 (diagnosis, review of genus, checklist); Rigato, 1994a: 47 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 248 (catalogue); Sheela & Ghosh, 2008: 17 (India species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 112 species, 49 subspecies
Fossil:
Messor Forel, 1890a: lxviii [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Formica barbara, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 277.
Taxonomic history
Messor in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Messor in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 59; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Messor in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Arnold, 1920a: 404; Emery, 1921f: 68 [subtribe Stenammini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Messor as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1890a: lxviii; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Forel, 1899c: 59.
Messor as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Messor as genus: Bingham, 1903: 277; Ruzsky, 1905b: 726; Emery, 1908e: 437; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Forel, 1917: 241; Bondroit, 1918: 149; Arnold, 1920a: 404; Emery, 1921f: 68; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of MESSOR
Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892d: 572. Type-species: Cratomyrmex regalis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cratomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 43; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 635.
Cratomyrmex as subgenus of Messor: Santschi, 1920d: 378.
Cratomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1892d: 572; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140; Forel, 1917: 240; Emery, 1921f: 43; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660, 802; Bernard, 1971: 6.
Cratomyrmex as junior synonym of Messor: Emery, 1924d: 357; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 635; Bolton, 1982: 338; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Veromessor Forel, 1917: 235 [as subgenus of Novomessor]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster andrei, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1921f: 67.
Taxonomic history
Veromessor in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Veromessor as subgenus of Novomessor: Forel, 1917: 235; Emery, 1921f: 67; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Veromessor as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 354; Creighton, 1950a: 157; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 799; Kusnezov, 1952b: 10 (in key); Kempf, 1972a: 257; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1364.
Veromessor as junior synonym of Messor: Bolton, 1982: 338.
Lobognathus Enzmann, J. 1947b: 152 [as subgenus of Veromessor]. Erroneous entry for Veromessor lobognathus and hence junior synonym of Veromessor: Brown, 1949a: 49.
[Sphaeromessor Bernard, 1985: 48. Unavailable name. Proposed without designation of type-species and therefore unavailable. Species included by Bernard (1985) are all referable to Messor: Bolton, 1995b: 46.]
Genus Messor references
Forel, 1903a: 693 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 278 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 726 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1908e: 437 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1916b: 143 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 149 (France & Belgium species key); Arnold, 1920a: 404 (diagnosis); Emery, 1921f: 43 (Cratomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 67 (Veromessor diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 68 (diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 802 (Afrotropical Cratomyrmex, Messor catalogues); Santschi, 1927c: 247 (M. instabilis group key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927a: 89 (Central Asia species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929d: 4 (Central Asia species key); Finzi, 1929: 77 (Italy species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 56 (Israel species key); Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 360 (Veromessor species key); Finzi, 1936: 160 (Egypt species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 82 (Central Europe species key); Creighton, 1950a: 158 (North America Veromesor species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 136 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1955a: 360 (Mediterranean M. structor group key); Smith, M.R. 1956a: 36 (U.S.A. Veromessor species key); Bernard, 1967: 137 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Kempf, 1972a: 257 (Neotropical Veromessor catalogue); Tarbinsky, 1976: 50 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Arnol'di, 1977b: 1640 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 537 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 80 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1364 (North America Veromessor catalogue); Bolton, 1982: 338 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species revision, key); Collingwood, 1985: 248 (Saudi Arabia species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 38 (U.S.A., Nevada Veromessor species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 270 (Balkans species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 215 (Turkmenistan species key); Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990b: 156 (Corsica species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 113 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 33 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 252 (catalogue); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 314 (Saudi Arabia species key); Cagniant & Espadaler, 1998: 419 (Morocco species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 14 (Portugal species key).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Pheidole TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 970 species, 142 subspecies
Fossil: 4 species
Pheidole Westwood, 1839: 219. Type-species: Atta providens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pheidole in Poneridae, Attidae: Smith, F. 1858b: 172.
Pheidole in Attidae: Smith, F. 1860a: 74; Smith, F. 1862a: 49.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 331; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Pheidole in Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1861: 69 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 463 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 88.
Pheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 127; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 64; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Kempf, 1972a: 183 (anachronism).
Pheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1893a: 165; Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Arnold, 1920a: 414; Emery, 1921f: 77; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors except Kempf, 1972a: 183, above.
Junior synonyms of PHEIDOLE
Oecophthora Heer, 1852: 15. Type-species: Oecophthora pusilla (junior synonym of Formica megacephala), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Oecophthora in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 453 [Myrmicidae].
Oecophthora as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 172; Roger, 1863b: 30.
Ischnomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 738. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1865: 18 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Ischnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Ischnomyrmex as junior synonym of Aphaenogaster: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 461; Bingham, 1903: 270.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Aphaenogaster: Forel, 1891b: 166; Dalla Torre, 1893: 98; Forel, 1899c: 59; Emery, 1908c: 313; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 298; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1902h: 439; Forel, 1903a: 693.
Ischnomyrmex as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 49.
Ischnomyrmex as genus: Mayr, 1862: 738; Emery, 1914a: 40; Viehmeyer, 1914d: 601; Forel, 1917: 241; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Emery, 1922e: 113. Stitz, 1911a: 367; Kusnezov, 1952b: 10 (in key).
Ischnomyrmex as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Leptomyrma Motschoulsky, 1863: 17. Type-species: Leptomyrma gracilipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Leptomyrma in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 329.
Leptomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1892b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Pheidolacanthinus Smith, F. 1865: 75. Type-species: Pheidolacanthinus armatus (junior synonym of Myrmica quadrispinosa), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pheidolacanthinus in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 333.
Pheidolacanthinus in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 98.
Pheidolacanthinus as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 81; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Pheidolacanthinus as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Ceratopheidole Pergande, 1896: 889 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) granulata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ceratopheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Ceratopheidole as genus: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 104 (anachronism).
Ceratopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Pergande, 1896: 889; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
Ceratopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Epipheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1903f: 664. Type-species: Epipheidole inquilina, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Epipheidole also described as new by Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 14.]
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Epipheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 114; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Creighton, 1950a: 192.
Epipheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Cole, 1965: 174; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Phidole Bingham, 1903: 220, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
Taxonomic history
Phidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Wheeler, 1922a: 806.
Sympheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 7. Type-species: Sympheidole elecebra, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 140.
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Sympheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 115; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors to the following.
Sympheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Phidola Schulz, W.A. 1906: 155, unjustified emendation of Pheidole.
Taxonomic history
Phidola as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.
Allopheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole kingi (junior synonym of Pheidole tepicana), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.
Taxonomic history
Allopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1912f: 237; Forel, 1917: 241.
Allopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Emery, 1921f: 84; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Decapheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole perpusilla, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80.
Taxonomic history
Decapheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661.
Decapheidole as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; Borgmeier, 1927c: 78.
Decapheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1912f: 237, Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Kempf, 1972a: 183.
Decapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Isopheidole Forel, 1912m: 765 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Isopheidole as junior synonym of Ischnomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); Forel, 1913k: 49; Emery, 1922e: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 680 (in key). [Ischnomyrmex and Isopheidole share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Elasmopheidole Forel, 1913k: 43 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole aberrans, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1915i: 190.
Taxonomic history
Elasmopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 43; Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 110; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Elasmopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Cardiopheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole vaslitii, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Cardiopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 48; Forel, 1917: 241.
Cardiopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Emery, 1921f: 84; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Anergatides Wasmann, 1915b: 281. Type-species: Anergatides kohli (junior secondary homonym in Pheidole, replaced by Pheidole neokohli), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anergatides in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 243 [subtribe Anergatini]; Emery, 1922e: 116 [subtribe Anergatidini]; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 623.
Anergatides in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 (anachronism).
Anergatides as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 178 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 328; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Parapheidole Emery, 1915d: 68. Type-species: Aphaenogaster oculata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Parapheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 115; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors.
Parapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Macropheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole fimbriata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Macropheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1915i: 190; Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1921f: 81; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Macropheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 800; Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.
Scrobopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole scrobifera, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Scrobopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 112; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Scrobopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Stegopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Elasmopheidole) upeneci, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Stegopheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Emery, 1921f: 83; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Stegopheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Trachypheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole bicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Trachypheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1917: 241; Emery, 1922e: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 673; all subsequent authors to the following.
Trachypheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Electropheidole Mann, 1921: 438 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Electropheidole) roosevelti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 642.
Taxonomic history
Electropheidole as subgenus of Pheidole: Mann, 1921: 438; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 672; all subsequent authors to the following.
Electropheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Bruchomyrma Santschi, 1922d: 248. Type-species: Bruchomyrma acutidens, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Bruchomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629.
Bruchomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 42.
Bruchomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 327; Bolton, 1994: 106; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Bruchomyrma as genus: Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Cephalomorium Forel, 1922: 91 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Cephalomorium) bahai, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cephalomorium as junior synonym of Hendecapheidole: Santschi, 1925d: 228.
Hendecapheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1922d: 3 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole tachigaliae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hendecapheidole as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Gallardomyrma Bruch, 1932: 271. Type-species: Gallardomyrma argentina, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Gallardomyrma in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646.
Gallardomyrma in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 110.
Gallardomyrma as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Wilson, 1984: 327; Wilson, 2003: 6.
Gallardomyrma as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 110; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Conothoracoides Strand, 1935: 176.
Taxonomic history
[Replacement name for Conothorax Karavaiev; junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
Conothoracoides as junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395.
Homonym replaced by Conothoracoides
Conothorax Karavaiev, 1935a: 75. Type-species: Conothorax bilobum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Conothorax Karavaiev junior homonym of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).]
Conothorax in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Karavaiev, 1935a: 75.
Eriopheidole Kusnezov, 1952a: 10. Type-species: Eriopheidole symbiotica (unresolved junior secondary homonym in Pheidole), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eriopheidole in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Kusnezov, 1952a: 10.
Eriopheidole in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Kempf, 1972a: 107.
Eriopheidole junior synonym of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 395; Bolton, 1994: 106.
Eriopheidole as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 107; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism).
Xenoaphaenogaster Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 50. Type-species: Xenoaphaenogaster inquilina (junior synonym of Myrmica pallidula), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Xenoaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Monomorium: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional].
Xenoaphaenogaster as junior synonym of Pheidole: Bolton, 1987: 291.
Genus Pheidole references
Smith, F. 1858b: 172 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 70 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 27, 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 424, 440 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 18, 22 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 92, 96 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1870b: 977, 979 (Australia & New World species keys); Mayr, 1876: 102 (Australia species key); André, 1883b: 382 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1879: 674 (Asia species key); Mayr, 1887: 582 (New World species key); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A., catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 75 (Russia species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 88, 98 (Pheidole, Pheidolacanthinus catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 288 (North America species key); Mayr, 1896: 241 (Africa species, partial key); Emery, 1896g: 80 (P. flavens group, key); Forel, 1902c: 165 (India species key); Forel, 1902f: 523 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 223 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 133 (Puerto Rico species key); Arnold, 1920a: 414 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1921f: 78 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1921f: 81 (P. (Macropheidole) & P. (Pheidolacanthinus) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1921f: 83 (P. (Stegopheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Mann, 1921: 442 (Fiji Is species key); Emery, 1922e: 110 (P. (Elasmopheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 111 (P. (Trachypheidole) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 112 (P. (Scrobopheidole), P. (Decapheidole) & P. (Ceratopheidole) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 113 (Ischnomyrmex diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 114 (Epipheidole diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 115 (Sympheidole, Parapheidole diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1922e: 116 (Anergatides diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 126, 672 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 806, 879 (Afrotropical Pheidole, Anergatides catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1017, 1021 (Malagasy Pheidole, Parapheidole catalogues); Gallardo, 1932c: 179 (Argentina Elasmopheidole species key); Finzi, 1936: 165 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 298 (Himalaya species key); Cole, 1942: 362 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 285 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 163 (North America species key); Creighton, 1950a: 192, 194 (North America Epipheidole, Sympheidole species); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135, 137 (Asia Ceratopheidole, Conothorax, Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole checklists); Kusnezov, 1952b: 61 (Argentina species key); Smith, M.R. 1955c: 302 (P. (Hendecapheidole) species key); Gregg, 1959: 9 (U.S.A. species key); Gregg, 1963: 407 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 126 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Bernard, 1967: 149 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Gregg, 1969: 95 (addition to Gregg, 1959 U.S.A. key); Kempf, 1972a: 183 (Neotropical catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 11 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365 (North America catalogue); Allred, 1982: 441 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Ogata, 1982: 191 (Japan species key); Collingwood, 1985: 253 (Saudi Arabia species key); Naves, 1985: 54 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 74 (Australia catalogue); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 41 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Taylor, 1987a: 53 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 271 (Balkans species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 123 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 368 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 22 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 345 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 316 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 99 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 322 (Saudi Arabia species key); Park & Kim, 2000: 109 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 152 (Australia synopsis); Eguchi, 1999: 103 (Borneo P. longipes group, key); Ward, 2000: 96 (U.S.A. P. hyatti complex, key); Zhou, 2001b: 121 (China, Guangxi species key); Eguchi, 2001b: 10 (Borneo species key); ; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 149 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key)Wilson, 2003: 27 (New World, all species revision, keys); Sarnat, 2008: 8 (Fiji Is P. roosevelti group, key); Eguchi, 2008: 8 (North Vietnam species key); Terayama, 2009: 171 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 169 (south-western Australia species key); Sarnat & Moreau, 2011: 114 (P. roosevelti group phylogeny and radiation).
Genera incertae sedis in Pheidolini
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla TRUE TRUE FALSE67 species, 2 subspecies
Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869b: 20. Type-species: Cardiocondyla elegans, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae: Emery, 1877a: 81 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 456 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 70.
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Emery, 1914a: 40; Arnold, 1916: 200; Forel, 1917: 242; Emery, 1922e: 124; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; all subsequent authors; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 80 (anachronism); Jaffe, 1993: 10 (anachronism).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Bolton, 1982: 311 (in text).
Cardiocondyla in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Junior synonyms of CARDIOCONDYLA
Emeryia Forel, 1890b: cx. Type-species: Emeryia wroughtonii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Emeryia as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Forel, 1892h: 461; Forel, 1892i: 313; Dalla Torre, 1893: 70.
Xenometra Emery, 1917a: 96. Type-species: Xenometra monilicornis (junior synonym of Cardiocondyla emeryi), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xenometra in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Emery, 1922e: 126; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; subsequent authors.
Xenometra as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Baroni Urbani, 1973: 199; Marikovsky & Yakushin, 1974: 60.
Dyclona Santschi, 1930b: 70 (footnote) [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Monomorium cristatum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dyclona as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Loncyda Santschi, 1930b: 70 [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Loncyda) monardi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Loncyda as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Prosopidris Wheeler, W.M. 1935b: 40 [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Prosopidris) sima, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Prosopidris in Myrmicinae, Cardiocondylini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 688.
Prosopidris as genus: Reiskind, 1965: 80.
Prosopidris as junior synonym of Cardiocondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375; Bolton, 1982: 309.
Genus Cardiocondyla references
André, 1883a: 327 (Europe & Algeria species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 70 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 688 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 287 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 623 (Russian Empire species key); Emery, 1909a: 20 (Palaearctic species key); Arnold, 1916: 200 (diagnosis); Emery, 1922e: 124 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1922e: 126 (Xenometra diagnosis, catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 149, 827, 1021 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 37 (Turkestan species key); Karavaiev, 1934: 114 (Ukraine species key); Finzi, 1936: 172 (Egypt species key); Smith, M.R. 1944a: 32 (U.S.A. species key); Creighton, 1950a: 197 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 83 (Asia checklist); Bernard, 1956c: 301 (Palaearctic species key); Bernard, 1967: 156 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 158 (Xenometra diagnosis); Kempf, 1972a: 73, 259 (Neotropical Cardiocondyla, Xenometra catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 12 (Cuba species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 71 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 86 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1375 (North America catalogue); Bolton, 1982: 309 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species key); Kugler, J. 1984: 17 (males, key); Collingwood, 1985: 256 (Saudi Arabia species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 276 (Balkans species key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 193 (Turkmenistan species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 31 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 172 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 42 (Armenia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 132 (catalogue); Radchenko, 1995b: 452 (Palaearctic species key); Mackay, 1995: 170 (New World species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 68 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 326 (Saudi Arabia species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 16 (Portugal species key); Terayama, 1999d: 99 (Japan species, review); Shattuck, 1999: 129 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 85 (China, Guangxi species key); Rigato, 2002: 172 (Afrotropical species key); Seifert, 2003a: 292 (C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, C. minutior groups revision, key); Terayama, 2009: 179 (Taiwan species key).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Leptothorax TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 18 species, 2 subspecies
Fossil:
Leptothorax Mayr, 1855: 431. Type-species: Formica acervorum, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 214.
Taxonomic history
[Type-species not Myrmica clypeata, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1912d: 271; repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79 and Emery, 1924d: 248.]
Leptothorax in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 431 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 57 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 20 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 458 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 122.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Forel, 1895b: 125; Emery, 1895j: 769; Forel, 1899c: 54; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 63; Kusnezov, 1964: 57 (anachronism).
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Stenammini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini: Emery, 1914a: 42; Arnold, 1916: 257; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664; Emery, 1924d: 247; subsequent authors to the following.
Leptothorax in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105; Mackay, 2000: 267.
Junior synonyms of LEPTOTHORAX
Mychothorax Ruzsky, 1904a: 288. Type-species: Formica acervorum, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Mychothorax as subgenus of Leptothorax: Ruzsky, 1905b: 609; Emery, 1915g: 24; Emery, 1916b: 176; Forel, 1917: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679; Emery, 1924d: 260; Creighton, 1950a: 274.
Mychothorax as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Smith, M.R. 1950: 29; Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Bolton, 1982: 319. [Leptothorax and Mychothorax share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
Doronomyrmex Kutter, 1945: 485. Type-species: Doronomyrmex pacis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Doronomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Leptothoracini:Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79.
Doronomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1994: 105.
Doronomyrmex as junior synonym of Leptothorax: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Heinze, 1998: 195; Bolton, 2003: 270.
Genus Leptothorax references
Mayr, 1855: 433 (Austria species key); Mayr, 1861: 58 (Europe species key); Roger, 1863b: 26, 28, 30 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 426, 428, 456 (Leptothorax, Macromischa, Temnothorax catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 19, 20, 21 (Macromischa, Leptothorax, Temnothorax diagnoses); Mayr, 1868c: 83 (†Baltic Amber species key); André, 1874: 188 (Europe species key); Forel, 1874: 84 (Switzerland species key); André, 1883a: 293 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1886d: 451 (U.S.A. species key); Cresson, 1887: 261 (U.S.A. catalogue); Nasonov, 1889: 70 (Russia species key); Emery, 1891b: 5 (North Africa species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 120, 122 (Macromischa, Leptothorax catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 317 (North America species key); Emery, 1896g: 58 (Neotropical species key); Bingham, 1903: 215 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1903c: 223 (North America species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 570 (Russian Empire species key); Wasmann, 1906: 16 (Luxemburg species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 141 (Macromischa species key); Santschi, 1909b: 460 (L. rottenbergi group key); Bondroit, 1910: 496 (Belgium species key); Stitz, 1914: 60 (Central Europe species key); Crawley, 1914: 91 (Britain species key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 147 (Britain species key); Emery, 1916b: 176 (Italy species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut species key); Arnold, 1916: 257 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Bondroit, 1918: 117 (France & Belgium species key); Mann, 1920: 408 (Macromischa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 677 (Macromischa subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679 (Leptothorax subgenera key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 890 (Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1029 (Malagasy catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 245 (Macromischa catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 247 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 249 (L. (Goniothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 251 (L. (Leptothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 259 (L. (Temnothorax) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1924d: 260 (L. (Dichothorax) & L. (Mychothorax) diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 264 (Symmyrmica review, catalogue); Karavaiev, 1927c: 266 (Ukraine species key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 163 (Britain species key); Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927d: 38 (Turkestan species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1931b: 31 (Macromischa, Croesomyrmex, Antillaemyrmex checklists); Arnol'di, 1933b: 598 (Russia species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 68 (Israel species key); Karavaiev, 1934: 134 (Ukraine species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1937b: 463 (Macromischa checklist); Menozzi, 1939a: 307 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Stitz, 1939: 158 (Germany species key); Smith, M.R. 1939e: 503 (U.S.A. Macromischa species key); Kratochvíl, 1941: 89 (Central Europe species key); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 89 (Central Europe species key); Cole, 1942: 369 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Holgersen, 1943b: 172 (Norway species key); Holgersen, 1944: 198 (Norway species key); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944: 123 (Czechoslovakia males, key); Buren, 1944a: 286 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Boven, 1947: 178 (Belgium species key); Creighton, 1950a: 251, 256 (North America Macromischa, Leptothorax species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 110 (Asia checklist); Smith, M.R. 1952b: 97 (U.S.A. L. tricarinatus complex, key); Bernard, 1956a: 151 (Western Europe species groups); Kusnezov, 1958c: 266 (subgenera key); Boven, 1959: 8 (Netherlands species key); Gregg, 1963: 380 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 139 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Collingwood, 1964: 99 (Britain species key); Bernard, 1967: 185 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 187 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Bernard, 1967: 224 (Doronomyrmex diagnosis); Boven, 1970b: 20 (Netherlands species key); Arnol'di, 1971: 1824 (Kazakhstan species key); Kempf, 1972a: 132, 135 (Neotropical Leptothorax, Macromischa catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 15 (Macromischa Cuba species key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 5 (Britain species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 83 (Kyrghyzstan species key); Boven, 1977: 94 (Belgium species key); Kutter, 1977c: 103 (Switzerland species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 540 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 83 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Collingwood, 1979: 68 (Fennoscandia & Denmark species key); Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 533 (L. (Macromischa) all species revision, key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1391 (North America catalogue); Buschinger, 1981: 211 (Doronomyrmex review); Allred, 1982: 440 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Bolton, 1982: 319 (diagnosis, review of genus, Afrotropical species key); Gösswald, 1985: 303 (Germany species key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 51 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 60 (Norway species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Soyunov, 1988: 29 (former U.S.S.R. Temnothorax species); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13 (synoptic classification); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 184, 188 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990: 136 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 349 (Neotropical catalogue); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 26 (Japan species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 129 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 52 (Armenia species key); Radchenko, 1994b: 111 (South Siberia species key); Radchenko, 1994d: 146 (Central & Eastern Palaearctic species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 235 (catalogue); Douwes, 1995: 89 (Sweden species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 347 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 108 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 325 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 13 (Central Europe Doronomyrmex species key); Seifert, 1996b: 119 (Central Europe species key); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 45 (Britain species key); Cagniant & Espadaler, 1997: 260 (Morocco species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 16 (Portugal species key); Terayama & Onoyama, 1999: 73 (Japan species key); Mackay, 2000: 265, 288, 297 (New World L. (Myrafant) species revision key, Mexico & Guatemala species key, species complexes key); Fontenla Rizo, 2001: 15 (Cuba Macromischa species key); Chang & He, 2001b: 1 (northwest China species key); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002: 143 (Poland species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 93 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Bolton, 2003: 270 (genus diagnosis); Lyu & Cho, 2003b: 269 (Korea species key); Radchenko, 2004: 131 (Eastern Palaearctic species, key); Deyrup & Cover, 2004a: 56 (southeast U.S.A. species key); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Seifert, 2007: 118 (North and Central Europe species key).
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Pristomyrmex TRUE TRUE FALSE57 species
Pristomyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 903. Type-species: Pristomyrmex pungens (junior synonym of Myrmica punctata) by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicidae: Mayr, 1866b: 903.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicidae, Myrmicidae: Emery, 1877a: 81.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 62.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Emery, 1895j: 769; Ashmead, 1905b: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Emery, 1912b: 105; Emery, 1914a: 41; Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 663; Emery, 1924d: 233; all subsequent authors except the entries below; Bolton, 1994: 105; Bolton, 2003: 71.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Tetramoriini: Bernard, 1953b: 251.
Pristomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 16.
Junior synonyms of PRISTOMYRMEX
Odontomyrmex André, 1905: 207. Type-species: Odontomyrmex quadridentatus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Myrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 139.
Odontomyrmex as subgenus of Pristomyrmex: Forel, 1917: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 682; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 121 (anachronism).
Odontomyrmex as junior synonym of Pristomyrmex: Mann, 1919: 341; Emery, 1924d: 233; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676; Brown, 1953c: 9; Taylor, 1965b: 35; Bolton, 1981b: 282.
Hylidris Weber, 1941a: 190. Type-species: Hylidris myersi (junior synonym of Pristomyrmex africanus), by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Hylidris in Myrmicinae, Myrmecinini: Weber, 1941a: 183; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 651.
Hylidris as junior synonym of Pristomyrmex: Brown, 1953c: 9.
Dodous Donisthorpe, 1946f: 145. Type-species: Dodous trispinosus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Dodous in Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini: Donisthorpe, 1946f: 145.
Dodous as junior synonym of Pristomyrmex: Brown, 1971a: 3.
Genus Pristomyrmex references
Dalla Torre, 1893: 62 (catalogue); Forel, 1903a: 696 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 193 (diagnosis); Emery, 1924d: 233 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 121, 161 (Asia Pristomyrmex, Dodous checklists); Taylor, 1965b: 37 (Australia species revision, key); Taylor, 1968c: 63 (supplement to previous); Bolton, 1981b: 282 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species revision, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 85 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 64 (Australia checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 57 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 365 (catalogue); Lin & Wu, 1998: 94 (Taiwan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 159 (Australia synopsis); Xu & Zhang, 2002: 69 (China species key); Wang, M. 2003: 393 (all species revision, key); Zettell, 2006: 65 (Philippines species, key); Terayama, 2009: 190 (Taiwan species key).
Genera incertae sedis in Myrmecinini
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 72 species
Fossil: 2 species
Amblyopone Erichson, 1842: 260. Type-species: Amblyopone australis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopone in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 108; Smith, F. 1871a: 324.
Amblyopone in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
Amblyopone in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162; Clark, 1951: 15 (in key).
Amblyopone in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Amblyopone in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895c: 261; Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 25; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 621; Brown, 1953c: 11; all subsequent authors to the following.
Amblyopone in Amblyoponinae, Amblyoponini: Bolton, 2003: 42, 154.
Junior synonyms of AMBLYOPONE
Stigmatomma Roger, 1859: 250. Type-species: Stigmatomma denticulatum, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 36.
Taxonomic history
Stigmatomma in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1861: 53 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 14.
Stigmatomma in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1895b: 110 [Amblyoponeridae]
Stigmatomma in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Stigmatomma in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 23; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641.
Stigmatomma as subgenus of Amblyopone: Forel, 1900c: 55; Clark, 1934b: 27; Brown, 1949c: 87.
Stigmatomma as genus: Roger, 1859: 250; Dalla Torre, 1893: 14; Emery, 1895j: 766; Bingham, 1903: 36; Emery, 1911d: 23; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; Borgmeier, 1923: 52; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728; Creighton, 1950a: 31; Kusnezov, 1956: 12.
Stigmatomma as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455; Mayr, 1887: 546; Brown, 1960a: 155; all subsequent authors.
Arotropus Provancher, 1881a: 205. Type-species: Arotropus binodosus (junior synonym of Typhlopone pallipes), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Arotropus as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Provancher, 1887: 240; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Amblyopopone Dalla Torre, 1893: 13, unjustified emendation of Amblyopone.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Forel, 1893a: 166; Emery, 1911d: 25.
Amblyopopona Schulz, W.A. 1906: 154, unjustified emendation of Amblyopone.
Taxonomic history
Amblyopopona as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Bolton, 1994: 164.
Xymmer Santschi, 1914d: 311 [as subgenus of Stigmatomma]. Type-species: Stigmatomma (Xymmer) muticum, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xymmer as subgenus of Stigmatomma: Santschi, 1914d: 311; Forel, 1917: 235; Emery, 1919c: 106; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737.
Xymmer as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641 (in key).
Xymmer as subgenus of Amblyopone: Clark, 1934b: 27.
Xymmer as junior synonym of Stigmatomma: Brown, 1949c: 87.
Xymmer as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 155.
Fulakora Mann, 1919: 279 [as subgenus of Stigmatomma]. Type-species: Stigmatomma (Fulakora) celata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Fulakora as junior synonym of Stigmatomma: Brown, 1949c: 88.
Fulakora as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 155.
Neoamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1 [as subgenus of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Neoamblyopone) clarki, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Neoamblyopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1949c: 87; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Protamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1 [as subgenus of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Protamblyopone) aberrans, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Protamblyopone as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1949c: 87; Brown, 1960a: 155.
Lithomyrmex Clark, 1928a: 30. Type-species: Lithomyrmex glauerti, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Lithomyrmex in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Clark, 1928a: 30.
Lithomyrmex as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 156.
Ericapelta Kusnezov, 1955: 273. Type-species: Ericapelta egregia, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ericapelta as junior synonym of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 156.
Genus Amblyopone references
Roger, 1863b: 20 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 16 (Amblyopone, Stigmatomma diagnoses); André, 1882c: 233 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 259 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 13, 14 (Amblyopone, Stigmatomma catalogues); Forel, 1900c: 55 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 37 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Stigmatomma species key); Emery, 1911d: 23 (Stigmatomma diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 25 (diagnosis, catalogue); Santschi, 1915a: 55 (Mediterranean species key); Emery, 1916b: 100 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 80 (France & Belgium species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 758 (Afrotropical catalogue); Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 3 (Austral & New Guinea species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 22, 24 (Asia Amblyopone, Stigmatomma checklists); Brown, 1958h: 11 (New Zealand species); Brown, 1960a: 155, 191 (diagnosis & review of genus, New World species key); Kempf, 1972a: 19 (Neotropical catalogue); Baroni Urbani, 1978a: 41 (Mediterranean species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1334 (North America catalogue); Taylor, 1979: 824 (Melanesia species key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 18 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 6 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264 (Balkans species key); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78 (synoptic classification); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 8 (Japan species key); Terayama, 1989b: 345 (Taiwan species key); Tinaut, 1990d: 189 (Iberian Peninsula species); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 173 (Turkmenistan species key); Lattke, 1991c: 6 (New World species key); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 61 (Bulgaria species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1047 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 61 (catalogue); Onoyama, 1999: 190 (Japan species key); Shattuck, 1999: 179 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001d: 552 (East & South Asia species key); Lacau & Delabie, 2002: 40 (Neotropical species key); Xu, 2006: 152 (China species key); Arias-Penna, 2008a: 43 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 93 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 131 (south-western Australia species key).
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Myopopone TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 1 species
Fossil: 1 species
Myopopone Roger, 1861a: 49. Type-species: Myopopone maculata (junior synonym of Amblyopone castanea), by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 33.
Taxonomic history
Myopopone in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 16 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 15.
Myopopone in Amblyoponinae: Forel, 1893a: 162.
Myopopone in Pachycondylinae, Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 283.
Myopopone in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Emery, 1895j: 766; Emery, 1901a: 34; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 134; Emery, 1911d: 26; Forel, 1917: 235; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 641; all subsequent authors to the following.
Myopopone in Amblyoponinae, Amblyoponini: Bolton, 2003: 42, 155.
Genus Myopopone references
Roger, 1863b: 20 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 16 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 90 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 15 (catalogue); Bingham, 1903: 33 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 26 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 22 (Asia checklist); Brown, 1960a: 170 (review of genus); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 35 (Australia catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 270 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 191 (Australia synopsis).
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 94 species
Fossil: 8 species
Anochetus Mayr, 1861: 53. Type-species: Odontomachus ghilianii, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Anochetus in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 712; Mayr, 1865: 11.
Anochetus in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Anochetus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1861: 53 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 47.
Anochetus in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 768; Forel, 1899c: 18; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 106; Arnold, 1915: 103; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 89; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 623; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31; Wilson, 1959a: 483; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Jaffe, 1993: 8.
Anochetus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Brown, 1976a: 71; Brown, 1978c: 550 [subtribe Odontomachiti]; Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 159.
Junior synonyms of ANOCHETUS
Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 711. Type-species: Myrmecia emarginata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 173.
Taxonomic history
Stenomyrmex in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 711; Mayr, 1865: 11.
Stenomyrmex in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Stenomyrmex as subgenus of Anochetus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 47; Forel, 1893a: 163; Dalla Torre, 1893: 47; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 110; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Borgmeier, 1923: 76; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 728; Kempf, 1972a: 21.
Stenomyrmex as junior synonym of Anochetus: Forel, 1887: 382; Brown, 1978c: 552; all subsequent authors.
Myrmapatetes Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 6. Type-species: Myrmapatetes filicornis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Myrmapatetes in Dolichoderinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 7; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 186.
Myrmapatetes as junior synonym of Anochetus: Brown, 1953h: 2.
Genus Anochetus references
Roger, 1863b: 21, 22 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 394, 454 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 11 (Anochetus, Stenomyrmex diagnoses); André, 1882b: 230 (Europe & Algeria species); Emery, 1884a: 378 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 47 (catalogue); Emery, 1894c: 185 (Neotropical species key); Forel, 1900c: 58 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 39 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 107 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 103 (South Africa species key); Gallardo, 1918b: 90 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1919: 303 (New Guinea & Solomon Is species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 96, 790, 1012 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 9 (Stenomyrmex species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 39 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1959a: 503 (Melanesia & Moluccas species, revision, key); Kempf, 1964f: 244 (A. (Stenomyrmex) species key); Kempf, 1972a: 20 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1978c: 552, 565, 569, 571 (diagnosis & review of genus, Malesian species, Austral, Palaearctic, Afrotropical & Malagasy species, Neotropical species keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 20 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 7 (Australia checklist); Terayama, 1989a: 26 (Taiwan species key); Brandão, 1991: 324 (Neotropical catalogue); Wang, M. 1993a: 226 (China species key); De Andrade, 1994: 24 (†Dominican Amber species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 63 (catalogue); Gronenberg & Ehmer, 1996: 183 (mandible morphology); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 309 (Saudi Arabia species key); Shattuck, 1999: 181 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 29 (China, Guangxi species key); Kugler, J. & Ionescu, 2007: 298 (Mediterraean & Middle East species key); Fisher & Smith, 2008: 4 (Malagasy species revision, key); González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008: 98 (Argentina & Paraguay species key); Zabala, in Fernández, 2008: 125 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 117 (Taiwan species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma TRUE TRUE FALSE24 species, 23 subspecies
Diacamma Mayr, 1862: 713 (diagnosis in key), 718. Type-species: Ponera rugosa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 75.
Taxonomic history
Diacamma in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 28.
Diacamma in Ponerinae, Leptogenysii: Forel, 1893a: 162.
Diacamma in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Diacamma in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 317; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 64 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Genus Diacamma references
Roger, 1863b: 16 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 407 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 86 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 28 (catalogue); Emery, 1887b: 435, footnote (all species key); Emery, 1897b: 162 (all species key); Forel, 1900d: 317 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 76 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 64 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 53 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1958d: 366 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 28 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 24 (Australia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 169 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 183 (Australia synopsis); Bolton, 2003: 161 (synopsis); Shattuck & Barnett, 2006: 14 (Australia species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Harpegnathos TRUE TRUE FALSE7 species, 4 subspecies
Harpegnathos Jerdon, 1851: 116. Type-species: Harpegnathos saltator, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Harpegnathos in Odontomachidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Harpegnathos in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 58 [subtribe Harpegnathini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 646; all subsequent authors.
Harpegnathos as subgenus of Drepanognathus: Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Harpegnathos as junior synonym of Drepanognathus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 22 (priority error); Bingham, 1903: 49 (priority error).
Junior synonym of HARPEGNATHOS
Drepanognathus Smith, F. 1858b: 81. Type-species: Harpegnathos saltator, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 49.
Taxonomic history
[Unnecessary replacement name for Harpegnathos.]
Drepanognathus in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 81.
Drepanognathus in Odontomachidae: Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Drepanognathus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 14 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 22.
Drepanognathus in Pachycondylinae, Drepanognathini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Drepanognathus as junior synonym of Harpegnathos: Roger, 1861a: 32; Roger, 1863b: 22; Forel, 1893a: 166; Forel, 1900c: 63; Emery, 1911d: 58; all subsequent authors.
Genus Harpegnathos references
Roger, 1863b: 22 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 408, 422 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 14 (diagnosis); Dalla Torre, 1893: 22 (catalogue); Forel, 1900c: 63 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 50 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 58 (diagnosis, catalogue); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 66 (Asia checklist); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 212 (catalogue); Bolton, 2003: 162 (synopsis).
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 216 species, 31 subspecies
Fossil: 1 species
Leptogenys Roger, 1861a: 41. Type-species: Leptogenys falcigera, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 52.
Taxonomic history
Leptogenys in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 46; Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 14 [Poneridae].
Leptogenys in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Forel, 1899c: 17; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 97; Arnold, 1915: 89; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 84; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 652; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 656; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Leptogenys in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 304; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Brown, 1963: 3; Kempf, 1972a: 129; Jaffe, 1993: 8; Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 163.
Junior synonyms of LEPTOGENYS
Lobopelta Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 733. Type-species: Ponera diminuta, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 54.
Taxonomic history
Lobopelta in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 43.
Lobopelta in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Forel, 1893a: 162; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 101; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 658.
Lobopelta as genus: Mayr, 1862: 733; Cresson, 1887: 258; Dalla Torre, 1893: 43; Bingham, 1903: 54.
Lobopelta as subgenus of Leptogenys: Forel, 1892k: 520; Forel, 1899c: 18; Forel, 1900d: 304; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 101; Arnold, 1915: 95; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 85; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Wheeler, W.M. 1923d: 1; Borgmeier, 1923: 75; Creighton, 1950a: 50; Kempf, 1972a: 131; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1343 (anachronism).
Lobopelta as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Emery, 1896e: 177 (footnote); Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1975a: 240; Bolton, 2003: 163.
Prionogenys Emery, 1895g: 348. Type-species: Prionogenys podenzanai, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Prionogenys in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135;
Prionogenys in Ponerinae, Leptogenyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 106; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 652; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 685; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Prionogenys as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1988: 33.
Machaerogenys Emery, 1911d: 100 [as subgenus of Leptogenys]. Type-species: Leptogenys truncatirostris, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Machaerogenys as subgenus of Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 100; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; subsequent authors to the following.
Machaerogenys as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Brown, 1973b: 181 [provisional]; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Odontopelta Emery, 1911d: 101 [as subgenus of Leptogenys]. Type-species: Leptogenys turneri, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontopelta as subgenus of Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 101; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 677.
Odontopelta as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 390; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 32.
Dorylozelus Forel, 1915b: 24. Type-species: Dorylozelus mjobergi (junior secondary homonym in Leptogenys, replaced by Leptogenys tricosa), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Dorylozelus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1917: 238.
Dorylozelus in Ponerinae, Dorylozelini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 646; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 640.
Dorylozelus incertae sedis in Ponerinae, Amblyoponini: Brown, 1960a: 181.
Dorylozelus as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1969: 132; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Microbolbos Donisthorpe, 1948f: 170. Type-species: Microbolbos testaceus, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Microbolbos as junior synonym of Leptogenys: Wilson, 1955c: 136; Bolton, 1975a: 240.
Genus Leptogenys references
Roger, 1863b: 19 (Lobopelta, Leptogenys catalogues); Mayr, 1863: 426, 427 (Leptogenys, Lobopelta catalogues); Mayr, 1865: 14, 15 (Leptogenys, Lobopelta diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 89 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1879: 664 (Lobopelta species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 43, 46 (Lobopelta, Leptogenys catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 304 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 52, 55 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Leptogenys, Lobopelta species keys); Emery, 1911d: 97 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 89, 95 (diagnosis, South Africa L. (Leptogenys) & L. (Lobopelta) species keys); Mann, 1919: 298 (Papuasia L. (Leptogenys) species key); Mann, 1921: 426 (Fiji L. (Lobopelta) species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 93, 786, 1010 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1923d: 14 (New World L. (Lobopelta) species key); Creighton, 1950a: 51 (North America L. (Lobopelta) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 31 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1958a: 113 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Wilson, 1958a: 136 (New Caledonia species key); Kempf, 1972a: 129 (Neotropical catalogue); Alayo, 1974: 8 (Cuba species key); Bolton, 1975a: 239 (diagnosis, review of genus); Bolton, 1975a: 244 (Afrotropical species revision, key); Bolton, 1975a: 293 (Malagasy species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1343 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 32, 39 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 34, 64 (Australia, New Caledonia checklists); Trager & Johnson, 1988: 30 (U.S.A. species key); Brandão, 1991: 349 (Neotropical catalogue); Bolton, 1995a: 1050 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 229 (catalogue); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 41 (China species key); Shattuck, 1999: 189 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2000a: 118 (China species key); Zhou, 2001b: 39 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 163 (synopsis); Lattke, in Fernández, 2008: 145 (Colombia species, review); Terayama, 2009: 115 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 133 (south-western Australia species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Odontomachus TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 66 species
Fossil: 2 species
Odontomachus Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica haematoda, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Odontomachus in Ponérites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185.
Odontomachus in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1857a: 64; Smith, F. 1858b: 76.
Odontomachus in Formicidae, Odontomachidae: Mayr, 1862: 711; Mayr, 1865: 11; Smith, F. 1871a: 319.
Odontomachus in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 49.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 768; Forel, 1895b: 118; Forel, 1899c: 19; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 111; Arnold, 1915: 108; Forel, 1917: 238; Gallardo, 1918b: 93; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 676; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 42; Kempf, 1972a: 170; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Jaffe, 1993: 8.
Odontomachus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Brown, 1976a: 70 [subtribe Odontomachiti]; Bolton, 1994: 164.
Junior synonyms of ODONTOMACHUS
Pedetes Bernstein, 1861: 7. Type-species: Pedetes macrorhynchus, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pedetes as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 51; all subsequent authors.
Champsomyrmex Emery, 1892d: 558 (footnote). Type-species: Odontomachus coquereli, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Champsomyrmex in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 49.
Champsomyrmex in Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Champsomyrmex in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Emery, 1895j: 768; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 136; Emery, 1911d: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 632.
Champsomyrmex as subgenus of Odontomachus: Forel, 1893a: 163 (misspelled as Thempsomyrmex); Forel, 1917: 238.
Champsomyrmex as genus: Emery, 1892d: 558 (footnote); Dalla Torre, 1893: 49; Emery, 1911d: 111; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 653.
Champsomyrmex as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Brown, 1976a: 96.
Myrtoteras Matsumura, 1912: 191. Type-species: Myrtoteras kuroiwae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Myrtoteras in Ponerinae, Odontomachini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 672.
Myrtoteras as junior synonym of Odontomachus: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Brown, 1976a: 96.
Genus Odontomachus references
Roger, 1863b: 21 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 436 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 11 (diagnosis); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Emery, 1892d: 559 (all species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 49 (catalogue); Forel, 1900c: 57 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 47 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1911d: 111 (diagnosis, catalogue); Gallardo, 1918b: 95 (Argentina species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 99, 792, 1013 (diagnosis, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Creighton, 1950a: 55 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 42 (Asia checklist); Wilson, 1959a: 485 (Melanesia & Moluccas species revision, key); Kempf, 1962b: 17 (Neotropical species key); Kempf, 1972a: 170 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1976a: 111, 114, 117 (New World species, Malesian & Austral species, Afrotropical & Malagasy species keys); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1344 (North America catalogue); Deyrup, Trager & Carlin, 1985: 188 (Southeastern U.S.A. species, review); Brown, 1978b: 281 (supplement to Brown, 1976a); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 36 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 48 (Australia, New Caledonia checklist); Wang, M. 1993: 220 (China species key); De Andrade, 1994: 24 (†Dominican Amber species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 294 (catalogue); Gronenberg, 1995: 391 (mandible morphology); Shattuck, 1999: 194 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 25 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 164 (synopsis); Deyrup & Cover, 2004b: 141 (U.S.A. species key); Yoshimura, Onoyama & Ogata, 2007: 89 (Japan species key); Fisher & Smith, 2008: 13 (Malagasy species revision, key); Rodríguez, in Fernández, 2008: 151 (Neotropical species key); Sorger & Zettel, 2011: 143 (Philippines species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Pachycondyla TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 252 species, 62 subspecies
Fossil: 12 species
Pachycondyla Smith, F. 1858b: 105. Type-species: Formica crassinoda, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1901a: 42.
Taxonomic history
Pachycondyla in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 105; Smith, 1871a: 324.
Pachycondyla in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 32.
Pachycondyla in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Pachycondyla in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1895b: 114; Forel, 1899c: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 73 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 53; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of PACHYCONDYLA
Bothroponera Mayr, 1862: 713 (diagnosis in key), 717. Type-species: Ponera pumicosa, by subsequent designation of Emery, 1901a: 42.
Taxonomic history
Bothroponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35.
Bothroponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Bothroponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 75 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Bothroponera as subgenus of Ponera: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 325.
Bothroponera as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 75; Arnold, 1915: 55; Forel, 1917: 237; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 628.
Bothroponera as genus: Mayr, 1862: 717; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35; Bingham, 1903: 95; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 299 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 67; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49; Bernard, 1953b: 187; Taylor, 1987a: 9; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 21; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Bothroponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Megaponera Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 734. Type-species: Formica foetens (junior primary homonym in Formica, replaced by Formica analis), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Megaponera in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 30; Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae].
Megaponera in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Megaponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 67 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 46; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors to the following.
Megaponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
[Megaloponera Roger, 1863b: 17, incorrect subsequent spelling; misspelling repeated by several authors, for example Emery, 1877b: 368; Forel, 1917: 237.]
Paltothyreus Mayr, 1862: 714 (diagnosis in key), 735. Type-species: Formica tarsata, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Paltothyreus in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 714 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 15 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 32.
Paltothyreus in Pachycondylinae, Ectatommini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Paltothyreus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 62 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 43; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Paltothyreus as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Ectomomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 83. Type-species: Ectomomyrmex javanus, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 85.
Taxonomic history
Ectomomyrmex in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 30.
Ectomomyrmex in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ectomomyrmex in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1900d: 321; Emery, 1911d: 78 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Ectomomyrmex as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 78; Arnold, 1915: 53; Forel, 1917: 237.
Ectomomyrmex as genus: Mayr, 1867a: 83; Dalla Torre, 1893: 30; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Forel, 1900d: 321; Bingham, 1903: 85; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 60; Brown, 1963: 9; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 29; Taylor, 1987a: 26; Ogata, 1987: 112.
Ectomomyrmex as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
[Ectomyrmex Donisthorpe, 1943f: 641, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Ophthalmopone Forel, 1890b: cxii. Type-species: Ophthalmopone berthoudi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Ophthalmopone in Ponerinae: Dalla Torre, 1893: 31.
Ophthalmopone in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Ophthalmopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 69 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Arnold, 1915: 49; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647; all subsequent authors.
Ophthalmopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Euponera Forel, 1891b: 126 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-species: Ponera (Euponera) sikorae, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Euponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Emery, 1911d: 79 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 37; Arnold, 1915: 63; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Euponera as subgenus of Ponera: Forel, 1891b: 126; Emery, 1895j: 767.
Euponera as genus: Emery, 1901a: 46; Emery, 1909c: 364; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 79; Arnold, 1915: 63; Forel, 1917: 237; Gallardo, 1918b: 64; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; Borgmeier, 1923: 70; Clark, 1934b: 30; Creighton, 1950a: 44; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 63; Bernard, 1953b: 189; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11.
Euponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 166.
Cryptopone Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-species: Cryptopone testacea, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Cryptopone also described as new by Emery, 1893f: 240. Type-species not Amblyopone testacea, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 161, repeated in Emery, 1911d: 88, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 780, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 636, Kempf, 1972a: 90 and Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 28; see discussion in Wilson, 1958d: 360.]
Cryptopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 88 [subtribe Ponerini]; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 650; all subsequent authors.
Cryptopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 3.
Pseudoponera Emery, 1900c: 314 [as subgenus of Pachycondyla]. Type-species: Ponera quadridentata (junior synonym of Formica stigma), by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Pseudoponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 42. Type-species not Ponera amblyops, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 42; repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 171, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 779; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723.]
Pseudoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Pseudoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 86 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 238; all subsequent authors.
Pseudoponera as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1900c: 314; Emery, 1901a: 42.
Pseudoponera as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1900c: 141; Forel, 1900e: 398; Emery, 1909c: 364; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135.
Pseudoponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 91; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Emery, 1911d: 86; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 74.
Pseudoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Brachyponera Emery, 1900c: 315 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Euponera (Brachyponera) croceicornis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Brachyponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species not Ponera sennaarensis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 43, repeated in Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160, Emery, 1911d: 84, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 777, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 628, Wilson, 1958d: 346; Bolton, 1973a: 335; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23.]
Brachyponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Brachyponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 83; all subsequent authors.
Brachyponera as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1900c: 315; Emery, 1909c: 366; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 83; Arnold, 1915: 72; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; subsequent authors to the following.
Brachyponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 101; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wilson, 1958d: 346; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 23; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Taylor, 1987a: 9; Ogata, 1987: 116; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10.
Brachyponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389 [provisional]; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Mesoponera Emery, 1900d: 668 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Ponera melanaria, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
[Mesoponera also described as new by Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species not Ponera caffraria, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1901a: 43, repeated by Emery, 1911d: 81, Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 167, Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 775, Donisthorpe, 1943f: 661, Wilson, 1958d: 349; Kempf, 1972a: 141, Bolton, 1973a: 338; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 35.]
Mesoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Mesoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 80; all subsequent authors.
Mesoponera as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1900d: 668; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 80; Arnold, 1915: 64; Forel, 1917: 237; Gallardo, 1918b: 65; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Borgmeier, 1923: 71; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 661; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 64; Bernard, 1953b: 190.
Mesoponera as genus: Bingham, 1903: 99; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wilson, 1958d: 349; Kempf, 1972a: 141; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 34; Taylor, 1987a: 39; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Mesoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 182 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Eumecopone Forel, 1901e: 335 [as subgenus of Neoponera]. Type-species: Neoponera (Eumecopone) agilis, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Eumecopone as subgenus of Neoponera: Forel, 1901e: 335; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 71; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; subsequent authors to the following.
Eumecopone junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 180 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Hagensia Forel, 1901f: 333 [as subgenus of Megaloponera (sic)]. Type-species: Megaloponera (Hagensia) havilandi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Hagensia in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 69 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; all subsequent authors.
Hagensia as subgenus of Megaponera: Forel, 1901f: 333; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 61.
Hagensia as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1917: 237.
Hagensia as genus: Arnold, 1926: 202; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 648; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11.
Hagensia as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 167.
Neoponera Emery, 1901a: 43. Type-species: Formica villosa, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Neoponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382.
Neoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 70 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 648; all subsequent authors.
Neoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Trachymesopus Emery, 1911d: 84 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-species: Formica stigma, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Trachymesopus in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1911d: 84; all subsequent authors.
Trachymesopus as subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1911d: 84; Arnold, 1915: 74; Forel, 1917: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649; Borgmeier, 1923: 72; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 733; Creighton, 1950a: 46; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 65; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 786; Bernard, 1953b: 195.
Trachymesopus as genus: Wilson, 1958d: 352; Kempf, 1960f: 423; Brown, 1963: 6; Kempf, 1972a: 251; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 52; Ogata, 1987: 114; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78.
Trachymesopus as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164.
Trachymesopus as junior synonym of Pseudoponera: Bolton, 1995b: 48 (because of synonymous type-species); Bolton, 2003: 168.
[Trachyponera Santschi, 1928a: 43, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Xiphopelta Forel, 1913a: 108 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-species: Ponera (Xiphopelta) arnoldi, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Xiphopelta as subgenus of Ponera: Forel, 1913a: 108; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 737.
Xiphopelta as subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1917: 237; Emery, 1919c: 106; Bernard, 1953b: 191.
Xiphopelta as junior synonym of Mesoponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 775; all subsequent authors to the following.
Xiphopelta as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
[Hiphopelta Forel, 1913a: 108, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
Termitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 159. Type-species: Ponera laevigata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Termitopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 731.
Termitopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Syntermitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 169 [as subgenus of Termitopone.] Type-species: Ponera commutata, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Syntermitopone as subgenus of Termitopone: Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 169.
Syntermitopone as genus: Kusnezov, 1956: 15.
Syntermitopone as junior synonym of Termitopone: Borgmeier, 1959a: 312.
Syntermitopone as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Wadeura Weber, 1939a: 102. Type-species: Wadeura guianensis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Wadeura in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 735.
Wadeura as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 185 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Pseudoneoponera Donisthorpe, 1943d: 439. Type-species: Pseudoneoponera verecundae, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudoneoponera in Ponerinae, Pseudoneoponerini: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 77.
Pseudoneoponera as junior synonym of Bothroponera: Wilson, 1958d: 361.
Pseudoneoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Snelling, R.R. 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 168.
Genus Pachycondyla references
Mayr, 1862: 719 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 16, 17, 18 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 397, 428, 439, 440 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13, 15 (Bothroponera, Pachycondyla, Megaponera, Paltothyreus diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (Bothroponera diagnosis); Mayr, 1870a: 396 (Colombia + Panama (= New Grenada) species key); Emery, 1887b: 18 (footnote) (Asia & Australia Bothroponera species key); Emery, 1890a: 71 (Neotropical species key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 30, 31, 32, 35 (Ectomomyrmex, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Paltothyreus, Pachycondyla, Bothroponera catalogues); Forel, 1900d: 321 (India & Sri Lanka Ectomomyrmex species key); Bingham, 1903: 86, 91, 96, 101 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma Ectomomyrmex, Pseudoponera, Bothroponera, Brachyponera species keys); Emery, 1911d: 62 (Paltothyreus diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 67 (Megaponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 69 (Megaponera (Hagensia) and Ophthalmopone diagnoses, catalogues); Emery, 1911d: 70 (Neoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 73 (diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 75 (P. (Bothroponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 78 (P. (Ectomomyrmex) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 80 (Euponera diagnosis, subgenera key, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 80 (Euponera (Mesoponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 83 (Euponera (Brachyponera) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 84 (Euponera (Trachymesopus) diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 86 (Pseudoponera diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911d: 88 (Cryptopone diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 43, 46, 49, 53, 63 (Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Pachycondyla, Euponera diagnoses); Arnold, 1915: 50, 55, 64 (South Africa Ophthalmopone, Bothroponera, Euponera (Mesoponera) species keys); Gallardo, 1918b: 56, 66 (Argentina Neoponera, Mesoponera, keys); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 72 (Afrotropical Bothroponera species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 60, 63, 69, 81 (Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Bothroponera, Euponera diagnoses); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 763, 766, 768, 769, 774, 780 (Afrotropical Paltothyreus, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Bothroponera, Ectomomyrmex, Euponera, Pseudoponera, Cryptopone catalogues); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1007, 1008 (Malagasy Bothroponera, Euponera catalogues); Arnold, 1926: 203 (South Africa Hagensia species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 5 (Cryptopone all species key); Santschi, 1935b: 259 (Africa Mesoponera, key); Creighton, 1950a: 45 (North America Euponera species key); Arnold, 1951: 53 (Hagensia species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49, 52, 60, 63, 74 (Asia Bothroponera, Cryptopone, Ectmomomyrmex, Euponera, Pseudoponera checklists); Arnold, 1952a: 461 (South Africa Bothroponera, key); Bernard, 1953b: 191 (Guinea Euponera (Xiphopelta) species key); Brown, 1958h: 20 (New Zealand species); Wilson, 1958d: 346, 357, 362 (Melanesia Brachyponera, Cryptopone, Ectomomyrmex species keys); Kempf, 1961b: 192 (Brazil species key); Brown, 1963: 6, 9 (reviews of Cryptopone, Trachymesopus & Ectomomyrmex); Kempf, 1964e: 51 (Neotropical Pachycondyla species key); Kusnezov, 1969: 36 (Argentina Neoponera species key); Kempf, 1972a: 90, 141, 160, 174, 248, 251, 257 (Neotropical Cryptopone, Mesoponera, Neoponera, Pachycondyla, Termitopone, Trachymesopus, Wadeura catalogues); Alayo, 1974: 7 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1339, 1341 (North America, Pachycondyla, Brachyponera, Cryptopone catalogues); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 21, 23, 28, 29, 34, 34, 52 (Australia, catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 9, 23, 26, 39, 80 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand checklists); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 18 (Japan Ectomomyrmex, Cryptopone, Brachyponera, Trachymesopus species key); Brandão, 1991: 354, 360, 365, 381, 382 (Neotropical catalogue); Xu, 1994b: 182 (China Brachyponera species key); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 166, 302 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla catalogues); Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 45 (China species key); Xu, 1995b: 104 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 310 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla Saudi Arabia species key); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 147 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 182, 196 (Australia Cryptopone, Pachycondyla fauna synopsis); Zhou, 2001b: 35, 49 (China, Guangxi Cryptopone, Pachycondyla species keys); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2002: 424 (wingless female fossils, diagnosis); Wild, 2002: 4 (Paraguay species key); Bolton, 2003: 161, 165 (Cryptopone, Pachycondyla synopses); Wild, 2005: 5 (P. apicalis complex key); Yamane, 2007: 652 (P. nigrita species group key); Mackay, Mackay, Fernández & Arias-Penna, in Fernández, 2008: 172 (Neotropical species key); Terayama, 2009: 105, 108 (Taiwan Pachycondyla, Cryptopone species keys); Heterick, 2009: 134 (south-western Australia species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 26, 107 (New World Pachycondyla species revision, species complexes key and species key).
Ponerinae Ponerini Ponera TRUE TRUE FALSEExtant: 52 species
Fossil: 5 species
Ponera Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica coarctata, by subsequent designation of Westwood, 1840a: 83 (see discussion in Taylor, 1967a: 6).
Taxonomic history
Ponera in Ponérites: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 188.
Ponera in Poneridae: Smith, F. 1858b: 83; Smith, F. 1871a: 320.
Ponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1855: 386 [Poneridae]; Smith, F. 1857a: 65 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1861: 54 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1862: 713 [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 455 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 37.
Ponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895j: 767; Forel, 1899c: 15; Ashmead, 1905b: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 135; Emery, 1911d: 88 [subtribe Ponerini]; Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 38; Arnold, 1915: 77; Forel, 1917: 238; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 650; all subsequent authors.
Junior synonyms of PONERA
Pseudocryptopone Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 12. Type-species: Cryptopone tenuis, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Pseudocryptopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 722.
Pseudocryptopone as junior synonym of Ponera: Wilson, 1957b: 356.
Selenopone Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 19. Type-species: Ponera selenophora, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
Selenopone in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 725.
Selenopone as junior synonym of Ponera: Wilson, 1957b: 356.
Pteroponera Bernard, 1950a: 3. Type-species: Pteroponera sysphinctoides, by monotypy.
Taxonomic history
Pteroponera as junior synonym of Ponera: Brown, 1973b: 184 [provisional]; Brown, in Bolton, 1994: 164.
Genus Ponera references
[References before Taylor, 1967a refer to both Ponera and Hypoponera.]
Mayr, 1855: 386 (diagnosis); Smith, F. 1858b: 83 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1862: 721 (diagnosis); Roger, 1863b: 16 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863: 447 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 13 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 85 (diagnosis); Forel, 1874: 64 (Switzerland species key); Mayr, 1879: 661 (all species key); André, 1882c: 239 (Europe & Algeria species key); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 37 (catalogue); Emery, 1895b: 60 (Mediterranean species key); Emery, 1896g: 53 (New World species key); Emery, 1900c: 316 (Australia, Papuasia & Oceania species key); Forel, 1900d: 322 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 89 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Emery, 1909c: 367 (Palaearctic species key); Emery, 1911d: 88 (diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 76 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1916b: 107 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 81 (France & Belgium species key); Gallardo, 1918b: 73 (Argentina species key); Mann, 1921: 419 (Fiji species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 780, 1009 (Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Menozzi, 1931b: 266 (Costa Rica species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 13 (Pseudocryptopone species key); Smith, M.R. 1936: 420 (North America species key); Stitz, 1939: 58 (Germany species key); Creighton, 1950a: 47 (North America species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 68, 73, 74 (Asia Ponera, Pseudocryptopone, Selenopone checklists); Bernard, 1953b: 197 (West Africa species key); Wilson, 1957b: 359, 376 (P. tenuis, P. selenophora groups revisions, keys); Wilson, 1958d: 323, 343 (Melanesia & Moluccas species, Fiji species revisions, keys); Brown, 1958h: 22 (New Zealand species); Taylor, 1960: 180 (P. leae complex, key); Taylor, 1964: 139 (†fossil species, review); Taylor, 1967a: 18 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Bernard, 1967: 83 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1341 (North America catalogue); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 38 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a: 63 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand, checklist); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 22 (Japan species key); Perrault, 1993: 337 (addition to Taylor, 1967a key); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 360 (catalogue); Terayama, 1996: 14 (Japan species key); Kim, Kim & Kim, 1998: 149 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 199 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2001a: 52 and Xu, 2001c: 218 (China species keys); Zhou, 2001b: 37 (China, Guangxi species key); Bolton, 2003: 170 (synopsis); Yoshimura, Hosoishi, et al. 2009: 200 (Japan species key); Terayama, 2009: 109 (Taiwan species key).
Formicinae Lasiini Acropyga rubescens TRUE TRUE FALSErubescens. Acropyga acutiventris var. rubescens Forel, 1894c: 418 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Senior synonym of rubens: Emery, 1925b: 28. Raised to species and senior synonym of bugnioni: LaPolla, 2004a: 33.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus aitkenii TRUE TRUE FALSEaitkenii. Aenictus aitkenii Forel, 1901a: 475 (w.) INDIA. Junior synonym of aratus: Wilson, 1964a: 446. Revived from synonymy and senior synonym of asiatica: Shattuck, 2008c: 16.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus ambiguus TRUE TRUE FALSEambiguus. Aenictus ambiguus Shuckard, 1840b: 268 (m.) INDIA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 444.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus arya TRUE TRUE FALSEarya. Aenictus arya Forel, 1901a: 472 (m.) INDIA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus brevicornis TRUE TRUE FALSEbrevicornis. Typhlatta brevicornis Mayr, 1879: 669 (w.) INDIA. [Typhlatta brevicornis Smith, F. 1873: ix. Nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.] Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 8 (k.). Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 7. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 451.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus certus TRUE TRUE FALSEcertus. Aenictus certus Westwood, 1842: 79 (m.) no locality stated (may be India, see Bingham, 1903: 10).
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus clavatus TRUE TRUE FALSE3 subspecies
clavatus. Aenictus clavatus Forel, 1901a: 471 (m.) INDIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus atripennis, kanariensis, sundaicus.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus clavitibia TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
clavitibia. Aenictus clavitibia Forel, 1901a: 472 (m.) INDIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus facetus.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus doryloides TRUE TRUE FALSEdoryloides. Aenictus doryloides Wilson, 1964a: 460, figs. 54, 55 (w.) INDIA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus fergusoni TRUE TRUE FALSEfergusoni. Aenictus fergusoni Forel, 1901a: 473 (w.) INDIA. Senior synonym of hodgsoni, karawaiewi, montanus, piltzi: Wilson, 1964a: 462.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus gleadowii TRUE TRUE FALSEgleadowii. Aenictus gleadowii Forel, 1901a: 469 (m.) INDIA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus latiscapus TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
latiscapus. Aenictus latiscapus Forel, 1901a: 471 (m.) INDIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus fumatus, sauteri.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus longi TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
longi. Aenictus longi Forel, 1901a: 470 (m.) INDIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus taivanae.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus pachycerus TRUE TRUE FALSEpachycerus. Eciton pachycerus Smith, F. 1858b: 153 (w.) "South America ?" (in error; type-locality INDIA, see Bingham, 1903: 21). Bharti, 2003a: 715 (q.). Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 8. Senior synonym of bengalensis: Bingham, 1903: 20; of continuus: Wilson, 1964a: 471.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus pubescens TRUE TRUE FALSEpubescens. Aenictus pubescens Smith, F. 1859b: 10, pl. 2, fig. 17 (m.) INDIA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus punensis TRUE TRUE FALSEpunensis. Aenictus punensis Forel, 1901a: 476 (w.) INDIA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 476.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus sagei TRUE TRUE FALSEsagei. Aenictus wroughtonii var. sagei Forel, 1901a: 469 (w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Wilson, 1964a: 477. See also: Jaitrong, et al. 2010: 40.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus shillongensis TRUE TRUE FALSEshillongensis. Aenictus shillongensis Tiwari, in Mathew & Tiwari, 2000: 266, fig. 9 (w.) INDIA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus shuckardi TRUE TRUE FALSEshuckardi. Aenictus shuckardi Forel, 1901a: 471 (m.) INDIA.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus westwoodi TRUE TRUE FALSEwestwoodi. Aenictus ambiguus var. westwoodi Forel, 1901a: 469 (m.) INDIA. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 10.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus wroughtonii TRUE TRUE FALSEwroughtonii. Aenictus wroughtonii Forel, 1890b: ciii (w.m.) INDIA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 480; Jaitrong, et al. 2010: 45.
Aenictinae Aenictini Aenictus clavatus kanariensis TRUE TRUE FALSEkanariensis. Aenictus clavatus var. kanariensis Forel, 1901a: 467 (diagnosis in key) (m.) INDIA.
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone bellii TRUE TRUE FALSEbellii. Amblyopone (Stigmatomma) bellii Forel, 1900c: 55 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Stigmatomma: Bingham, 1903: 38; in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 193.
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone pertinax TRUE TRUE FALSEpertinax. Amblyopone pertinax Baroni Urbani, 1978a: 48, figs. 13, 14 (w.) INDIA.
Amblyoponinae Amblyoponini Amblyopone rothneyi TRUE TRUE FALSErothneyi. Amblyopone (Stigmatomma) rothneyi Forel, 1900c: 56 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Stigmatomma: Bingham, 1903: 37; in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 169.
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus kanariensis TRUE TRUE FALSEkanariensis. Anochetus orientalis r. kanariensis Forel, 1900c: 62 (w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 44. See also: Brown, 1978c: 594.
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus obscurior TRUE TRUE FALSEobscurior. Anochetus obscurior Brown, 1978c: 558 (w.) INDIA. [First available use of Anochetus orientalis r. kanariensis var. obscurior Forel, 1900c: 62; unavailable name.]
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus pupulatus TRUE TRUE FALSEpupulatus. Anochetus pupulatus Brown, 1978c: 591, figs. 14, 21, 22 (w.) INDIA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Anochetus rufus TRUE TRUE FALSErufus. Odontomachus rufus Jerdon, 1851: 116 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Anochetus: Emery, 1892d: 561. Senior synonym of mordax: Brown, 1978c: 558 (see also p. 593).
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster annandalei TRUE TRUE FALSEannandalei. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) annandalei Mukerjee, 1930: 151, fig. 1 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster beesoni TRUE TRUE FALSEbeesoni. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) beesoni Donisthorpe, 1933a: 24 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster cavernicola TRUE TRUE FALSEcavernicola. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) cavernicola Donisthorpe, 1938e: 500 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster cristata TRUE TRUE FALSEcristata. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) cristatus Forel, 1902c: 225 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Bingham, 1903: 276; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 57.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster rothneyi TRUE TRUE FALSErothneyi. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) rothneyi Forel, 1902c: 224 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Bingham, 1903: 273; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster sagei TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
sagei. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) sagei Forel, 1902c: 221 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Bingham, 1903: 275; in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Forel, 1913k: 53; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59. Current subspecies: nominal plus pachei.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster schurri TRUE TRUE FALSEschurri. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) schurri Forel, 1902c: 223 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Bingham, 1903: 274; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster smythiesii TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
smythiesii. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) smythiesii Forel, 1902c: 222 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 6 (k.). Combination in Aphaenogaster: Bingham, 1903: 276; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59. See also: Imai, 1971: 137. Current subspecies: nominal plus prudens.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster smythiesii prudens TRUE TRUE FALSEprudens. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) smythiesii var. prudens Forel, 1902c: 223 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Aphaenogaster feae nicobarensis TRUE TRUE FALSEnicobarensis. Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) feae var. nicobarensis Forel, 1903d: 405 (w.) INDIA (Nicobar Is). Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1921f: 65.
Myrmicinae Attini Atta dissimilis FALSE FALSE FALSEdissimilis. Atta dissimilis Jerdon, 1851: 107 (w.) INDIA. Unidentifiable taxon; incertae sedis in Atta: Bolton, 1995b: 76.
Myrmicinae Attini Atta domicola FALSE FALSE FALSEdomicola. Atta domicola Jerdon, 1851: 105 (w.) INDIA. Unidentifiable taxon; incertae sedis in Atta: Bolton, 1995b: 76.
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Bothriomyrmex dalyi TRUE TRUE FALSEdalyi. Bothriomyrmex wroughtoni r. dalyi Forel, 1895e: 469 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Subspecies of wroughtonii: Emery, 1913a: 29; Santschi, 1919i: 202. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 307; Wu, J. & Wang, 1995: 119.
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Bothriomyrmex walshi TRUE TRUE FALSEwalshi. Bothriomyrmex walshi Forel, 1895e: 471 (w.q.) INDIA. See also: Bingham, 1903: 306.
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Bothriomyrmex wroughtonii TRUE TRUE FALSE3 subspecies
wroughtonii. Bothriomyrmex wroughtonii Forel, 1895e: 470 (w.q.m.) INDIA. See also: Bingham, 1903: 307. Current subspecies: nominal plus formosensis, javanus, victoriae.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus albosparsus TRUE TRUE FALSEalbosparsus. Camponotus taylori var. albosparsus Bingham, 1903: 354 (s.w.) INDIA. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus r. taylori var. albosparsus Forel, 1894c: 397, unavailable name.] Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 93. Subspecies of taylori: Wheeler, W.M. 1913e: 237; of barbatus: Forel, 1906b: 84; Forel, 1912b: 75; Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 544; Santschi, 1937h: 379. Raised to species: Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989b: 327. See also: Terayama, 1999b: 31.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus angusticollis TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
angusticollis. Formica angusticollis Jerdon, 1851: 120 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1913d: 438; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 89. Junior synonym of gigas: Smith, F. 1858b: 14. Revived from synonymy: Roger, 1863b: 7. Senior synonym of ardens (and its junior synonym impetuosa), prismaticus: Forel, 1892j: 235. See also: Bingham, 1903: 366. Current subspecies: nominal plus sanguinolentus.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus ashokai TRUE TRUE FALSEashokai. Camponotus (Dinomyrmex) ashokai Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 42, figs. 7, 8 (w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus buddhae TRUE TRUE FALSEbuddhae. Camponotus buddhae Forel, 1892j: 238 (s.w.) INDIA. Ruzsky, 1905b: 191 (q.); Viehmeyer, 1916b: 290 (m.). Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 93. Senior synonym of obliquipilosus: Radchenko, 1996b: 1200 (in key); material of the unavailable name mayri Ruzsky referred here by Radchenko, 1997d: 807.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus cinerascens TRUE TRUE FALSEcinerascens. Formica cinerascens Fabricius, 1787: 308 (q.) INDIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1963b: 3; in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1912i: 92; in C. (Myrmosaulus): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; in C. (Myrmosericus): Emery, 1925b: 105; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 445 (see note under Myrmosaulus in catalogue of genus-group taxa). Junior synonym of rufoglaucus: Roger, 1863b: 3; Forel, 1892j: 237; Emery, 1925b: 105 (questionable synonym). Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 224; Emery, 1895k: 479; Emery, 1896d: 373; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 444.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus compressus TRUE TRUE FALSE7 subspecies
compressus. Formica compressa Fabricius, 1787: 307 (w.) INDIA. Smith, F. 1858b: 14 (q.m.); Kumbkarni, 1965: 305 (k.). Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 2; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 98; in C. (Myrmoturba): Santschi, 1929g: 165. Subspecies of rubripes: Forel, 1886f: 143; of maculatus: Emery, 1895k: 473; Emery, 1896d: 371; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 108. Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 225; Bingham, 1903: 351; Emery, 1920c: 6; Emery, 1925b: 98; Santschi, 1929g: 165; Santschi, 1936c: 207. Senior synonym of indefessa: Jerdon, 1851: 119; of quadrilaterus: Forel, 1892j: 240; of callida: Emery, 1925b: 98. Current subspecies: nominal plus bernardi, cosensis, martensi, occipitalis, probativus, rectinotus, symiensis.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus confucii TRUE TRUE FALSEconfucii. Camponotus confucii Forel, 1894c: 396 (s.w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1914a: 273; in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Emery, 1920b: 257; in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925b: 119.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus cotesii TRUE TRUE FALSEcotesii. Camponotus (Colobopsis) cotesii Forel, 1893b: 438 (w.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 345 (s.).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus crassisquamis TRUE TRUE FALSEcrassisquamis. Camponotus crassisquamis Forel, 1902d: 286 (s.w.) INDIA. Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 9 (k.). Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 93.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus dolendus TRUE TRUE FALSEdolendus. Camponotus rufoglaucus r. dolendus Forel, 1892j: 238 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Imai, Brown, et al. 1984: 9 (k.). Combination in C. (Myrmosericus): Forel, 1914a: 268. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 364; Forel, 1906b: 84; Santschi, 1920h: 174. Subspecies of rufoglaucus: Emery, 1925b: 106. Revived status as species: Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989a: 222 (in key).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus exiguoguttatus TRUE TRUE FALSEexiguoguttatus. Camponotus sexguttatus subsp. exiguoguttatus Forel, 1886d: 239 (s.w.q.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 95. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 230. Subspecies of nicobarensis: Emery, 1889b: 513; Emery, 1895k: 478; Emery, 1896d: 371; Bingham, 1903: 364; Viehmeyer, 1916a: 156; Forel, 1922: 100. Raised to species: Wang, C., Xiao & Wu, 1989b: 327.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus gretae TRUE TRUE FALSEgretae. Camponotus gretae Forel, 1902d: 288 (q.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 271.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus himalayanus TRUE TRUE FALSEhimalayanus. Camponotus marginatus var. himalayanus Forel, 1893b: 431 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925b: 118. Subspecies of fallax: Forel, 1906b: 84; of caryae: Wheeler, 1917c: 29; Emery, 1925b: 118. Raised to species: Radchenko, 1996b: 1200 (in key); Radchenko, 1997b: 704.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus horseshoetus TRUE TRUE FALSEhorseshoetus. Camponotus horseshoetus Datta & Raychaudhuri, 1985: 271, fig. 1, pl. 1 (w.) INDIA. Subgenus indeterminate: Bolton, 1995b: 103.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus invidus TRUE TRUE FALSEinvidus. Camponotus invidus Forel, 1892j: 234 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 93. See also: Bingham, 1903: 367.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus kattensis TRUE TRUE FALSEkattensis. Camponotus dichrous var. kattensis Bingham, 1903: 356 (w.) INDIA. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus r. dichrous var. kattensis Forel, 1892j: 231; unavailable name.] Subspecies of maculatus: Forel, 1906b: 84; of variegatus: Emery, 1920c: 7. Raised to species: Radchenko, 1996b: 1201 (in key); Radchenko, 1997d: 808.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus keralensis TRUE TRUE FALSEkeralensis. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) keralensis Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 78, figs. 23, 24 (w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus lamarckii TRUE TRUE FALSElamarckii. Camponotus lamarckii Forel, 1892j: 236 (s.w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 94.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus longi TRUE TRUE FALSElongi. Camponotus (Colobopsis) longi Forel, 1902d: 284 (s.w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus luteus TRUE TRUE FALSEluteus. Formica lutea Smith, F. 1858b: 19 (q.) INDIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 95.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus mendax TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
mendax. Camponotus sericeus var. mendax Forel, 1895e: 454 (s.) INDIA. [Date of publication 20.vi.1895.] Bingham, 1903: 370 (q.). Combination in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 125. Senior synonym of pseudolus (unnecessary replacement name as this mendax is senior to that noted below: Bolton, 1995b: 111). Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 370. Current subspecies: nominal plus integer.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus nicobarensis TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
nicobarensis. Camponotus nicobarensis Mayr, 1865: 31, pl. 1, fig. 1 (w.) INDIA (Nicobar Is). Combination in C. (Myrmothrix): Forel, 1914a: 269; in C. (Myrmoturba): Emery, 1920b: 255; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 95. Current subspecies: nominal plus monticola, rabbani.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus nirvanae TRUE TRUE FALSEnirvanae. Camponotus nirvanae Forel, 1893b: 433 (s.w.q.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 272. See also: Bingham, 1903: 377.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus opaciventris TRUE TRUE FALSEopaciventris. Camponotus opaciventris Mayr, 1879: 648 (w.) INDIA. [Camponotus opaciventris Smith, F. 1873: viii. Nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.] Combination in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 126. Junior synonym of sericeus: Bingham, 1903: 376. Subspecies of sericeus: Forel, 1892j: 223; Emery, 1896d: 376; Forel, 1908a: 6; Emery, 1925b: 126; Radchenko, 1996b: 1197. Raised to species: Dietrich, 2004: 326.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus phragmaticola TRUE TRUE FALSEphragmaticola. Camponotus (Colobopsis) phragmaticola Donisthorpe, 1943b: 205 (q.) INDIA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus puniceps TRUE TRUE FALSEpuniceps. Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) puniceps Donisthorpe, 1942d: 458 (w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus radiatus TRUE TRUE FALSEradiatus. Camponotus radiatus Forel, 1892j: 233 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Camponotus): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Myrmotrema): Emery, 1920b: 258.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus rothneyi TRUE TRUE FALSE3 subspecies
rothneyi. Camponotus (Colobopsis) rothneyi Forel, 1893b: 435 (s.w.q.) INDIA. See also: Forel, 1913k: 132 (footnote). Current subspecies: nominal plus krafti, makilingi, taivanae.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus rufoglaucus TRUE TRUE FALSE7 subspecies
rufoglaucus. Formica rufoglauca Jerdon, 1851: 124 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Myrmosericus): Forel, 1912i: 91. Senior synonym of redtenbacheri: Forel, 1892j: 237. Current subspecies: nominal plus controversus, feae, latericus, syphax, tenuis, zanzibaricus, zulu.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus simillimus TRUE TRUE FALSE3 subspecies
simillimus. Formica simillima Smith, F. 1862b: 30 (q.) PANAMA. Forel, 1886f: 152 (s.w.). Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1870a: 374; in C. (Myrmoturba): Santschi, 1922c: 97; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 82. Subspecies of sylvaticus: Mayr, 1880: 23; of rubripes: Forel, 1886f: 143; of maculatus: Emery, 1890b: 56; Forel, 1912i: 70; of picipes: Emery, 1920b: 233. Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 253; Emery, 1894g: 372; Santschi, 1922c: 97; Emery, 1925b: 82. Current subspecies: nominal plus atratior, impatibilis, indianus, riograndensis.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus socrates TRUE TRUE FALSEsocrates. Camponotus socrates Forel, 1904c: 27 (s.w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Myrmophyma): Forel, 1912i: 91; in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 100.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus strictus TRUE TRUE FALSEstrictus. Formica stricta Jerdon, 1851: 123 (w.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 344 (s.q.). Combination in Colobopsis: Mayr, 1863: 403; in Camponotus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 253; in C. (Colobopsis): Forel, 1893b: 438.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus varius TRUE TRUE FALSEvarius. Camponotus (Myrmentoma) varius Donisthorpe, 1943b: 204 (w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus velox TRUE TRUE FALSEvelox. Formica velox Jerdon, 1851: 124 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3. Subgenus indeterminate: Emery, 1925b: 172.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus wasmanni TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
wasmanni. Camponotus wasmanni Emery, 1893e: 224 (s.w.q.) INDIA. Forel, 1895e: 453 (m.). Combination in C. (Myrmepomis): Forel, 1912i: 92; in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Emery, 1920b: 258. Current subspecies: nominal plus mutilarius.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus wroughtonii TRUE TRUE FALSEwroughtonii. Camponotus wroughtonii Forel, 1893b: 430 (w.m.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 372 (s.q.). Combination in C. (Camponotus): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1920b: 257.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus rufoglaucus tenuis TRUE TRUE FALSEtenuis. Camponotus rufoglaucus var. tenuis Forel, 1907a: 32 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Myrmosericus): Emery, 1925b: 105.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus barbatus taylori TRUE TRUE FALSEtaylori. Camponotus maculatus r. taylori Forel, 1892j: 241 (s.w.) INDIA. Imai et al. 1984: 9 (k.). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 93. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 353; Wheeler, W.M. 1913e: 237. Currently subspecies of barbatus: Forel, 1902d: 288; Forel, 1904c: 29; Forel, 1907e: 19; Emery, 1925b: 93.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus variegatus somnificus TRUE TRUE FALSEsomnificus. Camponotus maculatus r. somnificus Forel, 1902d: 287 (w.) INDIA. Forel, 1908a: 6 (q.m.). Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1913k: 128; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 96. Currently subspecies of variegatus: Emery, 1925b: 96.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus angusticollis sanguinolentus TRUE TRUE FALSEsanguinolentus. Camponotus angusticollis var. sanguinolentus Forel, 1895e: 454 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 89.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus variegatus fuscithorax TRUE TRUE FALSEfuscithorax. Camponotus mitis var. fuscithorax Dalla Torre, 1893: 243 (w.) INDIA. [First available use of Camponotus rubripes r. mitis var. fuscithorax Forel, 1886f: 154; unavailable name.] Viehmeyer, 1916a: 156 (s.q.m.). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 96. Currently subspecies of variegatus: Emery, 1925b: 96.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus misturus fornaronis TRUE TRUE FALSEfornaronis. Camponotus mistura subsp. fornaronis Forel, 1892j: 232 (s.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Myrmotarsus): Emery, 1925b: 135. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 360. Currently subspecies of misturus: Forel, 1911e: 290.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus sylvaticus basalis TRUE TRUE FALSEbasalis. Camponotus basalis Smith, F. 1878b: 9, pl., fig. 1 (q.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 352 (s.w.). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 101. Senior synonym of lobinieri: Bingham, 1903: 352. Subspecies of maculatus: Forel, 1904c: 29; Forel, 1906b: 84. Currently subspecies of sylvaticus: Emery, 1920c: 7; Eidmann, 1942: 251.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus aethiops cachmiriensis TRUE TRUE FALSEcachmiriensis. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) aethiops var. cachmiriensis Emery, 1925b: 97 (s.w.m.) INDIA. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus r. aethiops var. cachmiriensis Forel, 1904c: 29; unavailable name.]
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus irritans carensis TRUE TRUE FALSEcarensis. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) irritans subsp. carensis Emery, 1920c: 16, fig. 3 (w.) INDIA (Nicobar Is). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 94.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus simillimus indianus TRUE TRUE FALSEindianus. Camponotus sylvaticus r. indianus Forel, 1879a: 68 (s.w.q.) COLOMBIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953e: 197 (l.). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 82. Subspecies of rubripes: Forel, 1886f: 143. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 263. Subspecies of maculatus: Emery, 1896d: 371; Forel, 1899c: 134 (footnote); Forel, 1904d: 177. Currently subspecies of simillimus: Santschi, 1922c: 101.
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus reticulatus latitans TRUE TRUE FALSElatitans. Camponotus reticulatus var. latitans Forel, 1893b: 431 (w.) INDIA. Forel, 1915a: 40 (footnote) (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1915a: 40 (footnote).
Formicinae Camponotini Camponotus sylvaticus paradichrous TRUE TRUE FALSEparadichrous. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) sylvaticus var. paradichroa Emery, 1925b: 101 (w.) INDIA. Menozzi, 1939a: 316 (q.m.).
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla breviscapa TRUE TRUE FALSEbreviscapa. Cardiocondyla breviscapus Seifert, 2003a: 288, fig. 64 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla carbonaria TRUE TRUE FALSEcarbonaria. Cardiocondyla carbonaria Forel, 1907a: 17 (w.) INDIA. See also: Seifert, 2003a: 289.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla goa TRUE TRUE FALSEgoa. Cardiocondyla goa Seifert, 2003a: 285, fig. 65 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla humilis FALSE FALSE FALSEhumilis. Myrmica humilis Smith, F. 1858b: 123 (q.) INDIA. Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Myrmica: Bolton, 1995b: 279. Unidentifiable taxon, incertae sedis in Cardiocondyla: Rachenko & Elmes, 2010: 666.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla opaca TRUE TRUE FALSEopaca. Cardiocondyla opaca Seifert, 2003a: 290, fig. 68b (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla parvinoda TRUE TRUE FALSEparvinoda. Cardiocondyla parvinoda Forel, 1902c: 213 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla shagrinata TRUE TRUE FALSEshagrinata. Cardiocondyla shagrinata Seifert, 2003a: 275, figs. 53, 55 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla tiwarii TRUE TRUE FALSEtiwarii. Cardiocondyla tiwarii Ghosh, Sheela & Kundu, 2005: 20, figs. A, B (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Cardiocondyla wroughtonii TRUE TRUE FALSEwroughtonii. Emeryia wroughtonii Forel, 1890b: cxi (ergatoid m., not w.) INDIA. Forel, 1903a: 689 (w.q.); Borgmeier, 1937a: 129 (ergatoid m.); Kugler, J. 1984: 7 (m., ergatoid m.). Combination in Cardiocondyla: Forel, 1892h: 461; Forel, 1892i: 313. Senior synonym of hawaiensis: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 56; of bimaculata: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1376; of chlorotica: Bolton, 1982: 317; of longispina, quadraticeps, yamauchii: Seifert, 2003a: 269.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara aborensis TRUE TRUE FALSEaborensis. Pheidologeton (Aneleus) aborensis Wheeler, W.M. 1913e: 234 (s.w.) INDIA. Combination in Aneleus: Emery, 1924d: 214; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123; in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara asina TRUE TRUE FALSEasina. Oligomyrmex asinus Forel, 1902c: 214 (s.w.q.) INDIA. Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 7 (k.). Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara bengalensis TRUE TRUE FALSEbengalensis. Oligomyrmex bengalensis Forel, 1902c: 217 (q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara lamellifrons TRUE TRUE FALSElamellifrons. Pheidologeton lamellifrons Forel, 1902c: 219 (q.) INDIA. Combination in P. (Lecanomyrma): Forel, 1913k: 58; in Aneleus (Lecanomyrma): Emery, 1924d: 215; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123; in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara leei TRUE TRUE FALSEleei. Oligomyrmex leei Forel, 1902c: 216 (q.) INDIA. Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara nayana TRUE TRUE FALSEnayana. Neoblepharidatta nayana Sheela & Narendran, 1997: 89, figs. 1-4 (s., not q. as stated) INDIA. Combination in Oligomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 273. Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 196 (by implication).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara raja TRUE TRUE FALSEraja. Oligomyrmex raja Forel, 1902c: 216 (q.) INDIA. Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara rothneyi TRUE TRUE FALSErothneyi. Oligomyrmex rothneyi Forel, 1902c: 218 (q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Carebara wroughtonii TRUE TRUE FALSEwroughtonii. Solenopsis wroughtonii Forel, 1902c: 214 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma): Emery, 1915c: 59 (in text); Ettershank, 1966: 124; in Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 235.
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis cugiai TRUE TRUE FALSEcugiai. Cataglyphis (Monocombus) cugiai Menozzi, 1939a: 323, figs. 13-15 (w.q.) INDIA.
Formicinae Formicini Cataglyphis indica TRUE TRUE FALSEindica. Cataglyphis indica Pisarski, 1961b: 515, figs. 1-3 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Cataulacini Cataulacus latus TRUE TRUE FALSElatus. Cataulacus latus Forel, 1891b: 144 (m.) INDIA. Forel, 1903a: 706 (w., in key); Bingham, 1903: 122 (q.). See also: Bolton, 1974a: 78.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys aitkenii TRUE TRUE FALSEaitkenii. Cerapachys aitkenii Forel, 1900d: 332 (w.m.) INDIA.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys besucheti TRUE TRUE FALSEbesucheti. Cerapachys besucheti Brown, 1975: 73, figs. 79-83, 86 (w.q.) INDIA.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys indicus TRUE TRUE FALSEindicus. Cerapachys indicus Brown, 1975: 69, figs. 58-65, 72 (w.q.) INDIA.
Cerapachyinae Cerapachyini Cerapachys longitarsus TRUE TRUE FALSElongitarsus. Lioponera longitarsus Mayr, 1879: 667 (w.q.) INDIA. Forel, 1900d: 329 (m.). Combination in Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 23. Senior synonym of australis, bicolor, parva, pygmaeus: Brown, 1975: 23; of aegyptiacus, alfierii: Bolton, 1995b: 143.
Dolichoderinae Bothriomyrmecini Chronoxenus myops TRUE TRUE FALSEmyops. Bothriomyrmex myops Forel, 1895e: 471 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in Bothriomyrmex (Chronoxenus): Donisthorpe, 1944e: 102; in Chronoxenus: Dubovikov, 2005: 93. Senior synonym of minimum: Del Toro, et al. 2009: 340. See also: Bingham, 1903: 306.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster abdominalis TRUE TRUE FALSEabdominalis. Crematogaster abdominalis Motschoulsky, 1863: 20 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 149; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster aberrans TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
aberrans. Crematogaster aberrans Forel, 1892k: 532 (q.),: 533 (w.),: 534 (m.) (diagnoses in keys) INDIA. Combination in C. (Oxygyne): Forel, 1901e: 375. Current subspecies: nominal plus assmuthi, inglebyi. [See note under diffusa.]
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster aitkenii TRUE TRUE FALSEaitkenii. Crematogaster biroi var. aitkenii Forel, 1902c: 203 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Orthocrema): Emery, 1922e: 132. Raised to species: Wu & Wang, 1992: 1319.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster binghamii TRUE TRUE FALSEbinghamii. Crematogaster binghamii Forel, 1904c: 24 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Orthocrema): Santschi, 1918d: 182.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster buddhae TRUE TRUE FALSEbuddhae. Crematogaster buddhae Forel, 1902c: 206 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 150; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster dalyi TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
dalyi. Crematogaster (Oxygyne) dalyi Forel, 1902c: 201 (w.) INDIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus sikkimensis.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster diffusa TRUE TRUE FALSEdiffusa. Myrmica diffusa Jerdon, 1851: 113 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Crematogaster: Roger, 1863b: 37; in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 150; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166. [Bingham, 1903: 136 suggests that diffusa may be a senior synonym of aberrans.]
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster ebenina TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
ebenina. Crematogaster (Oxygyne) ebenina Forel, 1902c: 199 (w.q.) INDIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus corax.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster flava TRUE TRUE FALSEflava. Crematogaster flava Forel, 1886d: 248 (w.) INDIA. Tiwari, 1999: 44 (q.). Subspecies of rogenhoferi: Forel, 1903a: 682. Revived status as species: Tiwari, 1999: 44.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster himalayana TRUE TRUE FALSEhimalayana. Crematogaster himalayanus Forel, 1902c: 202 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 151; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster kirbii TRUE TRUE FALSEkirbii. Myrmica kirbii Sykes, 1835: 99, pl. 13, figs. 1-4 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Crematogaster: Smith, F. 1858b: 136; in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 151; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster perelegans TRUE TRUE FALSEperelegans. Crematogaster perlegans Forel, 1902c: 202 (w.q.) INDIA. [Justified emendation of spelling to perelegans: Forel, 1903a: 683.] Bingham, 1903: 143 (m.). Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 151; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster politula TRUE TRUE FALSEpolitula. Crematogaster subnuda r. politula Forel, 1902c: 207 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 150; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166. Subspecies of brunnea: Emery, 1922e: 150; Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 65; of laboriosa: Santschi, 1928b: 33. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 131; Mukerjee, 1930: 153.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster pradipi TRUE TRUE FALSEpradipi. Crematogaster pradipi Tiwari, 1999: 49, figs. 8, 9 (w.q.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster rothneyi TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
rothneyi. Crematogaster rothneyi Mayr, 1879: 685 (w.) INDIA. [Crematogaster rothneyi Smith, F. 1873: viii. Nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.] Imai, et al. 1984: 6 (k.). Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 151; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166. Current subspecies: nominal plus civa, haputalensis.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster rufa TRUE TRUE FALSErufa. Myrmica rufa Jerdon, 1851: 114 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Crematogaster: Roger, 1863b: 37; in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 152; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster sagei TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
sagei. Crematogaster sagei Forel, 1902c: 204 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 152; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166. Current subspecies: nominal plus laevinota.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster soror TRUE TRUE FALSEsoror. Crematogaster (Oxygyne) soror Forel, 1902c: 200 (w.q.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster subnuda TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
subnuda. Crematogaster subnuda Mayr, 1879: 682 (w.) INDIA. Imai, et al. 1984: 6 (k.). Bharti, 2008: 86 (q.m.). Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 150; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166. Subspecies of laboriosa: Santschi, 1928b: 33; Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 5 (in text); of brunnea: Emery, 1922e: 150; Santschi, 1925f: 85; Wheeler, W.M. 1930a: 98. Revived status as species: Mukerjee, 1930: 153. Current subspecies: nominal plus discinodis, nigrosubnuda.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster travancorensis TRUE TRUE FALSEtravancorensis. Crematogaster (Oxygyne) travancorensis Forel, 1902c: 200 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster urvijae TRUE TRUE FALSEurvijae. Crematogaster (Crematogaster) urvijae Bharti, 2003c: 85, figs. 1-9 (w.q.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster walshi TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
walshi. Crematogaster walshi Forel, 1902c: 205 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Orthocrema): Emery, 1922e: 132; in C. (Mesocrema): Santschi, 1928b: 33. Current subspecies: nominal plus bouvardi.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster wroughtonii TRUE TRUE FALSEwroughtonii. Crematogaster wroughtonii Forel, 1902c: 206 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Paracrema): Emery, 1922e: 156.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster biroi smythiesii TRUE TRUE FALSEsmythiesii. Crematogaster biroi var. smythiesii Forel, 1902c: 203 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Orthocrema): Emery, 1922e: 132.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster dalyi sikkimensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsikkimensis. Crematogaster (Oxygyne) dalyi var. sikkimensis Forel, 1904c: 24 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster brunnea ruginota TRUE TRUE FALSEruginota. Crematogaster laboriosa st. ruginota Santschi, 1928b: 33 (w.) INDIA. [First available use of Crematogaster subnuda r. politula var. ruginota Forel, 1902c: 207; unavailable name.] Currently subspecies of brunnea: Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 5 (in text).
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster brunnea rabula TRUE TRUE FALSErabula. Crematogaster subnuda r. rabula Forel, 1902c: 207 (w.) INDIA. Imai, et al. 1984: 6 (k.). Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 150. Currently subspecies of brunnea: Emery, 1922e: 150; Wheeler, W.M. 1927e: 1; Santschi, 1928b: 33.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster brunnea contemta TRUE TRUE FALSEcontemta. Crematogaster contemta Mayr, 1879: 685 (w.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 130 (q.). Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 150. Subspecies of subnuda: Forel, 1902c: 208; Forel, 1907e: 17; of laboriosa: Santschi, 1928b: 33. Currently subspecies of brunnea: Emery, 1922e: 150; Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 5; Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 64.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster aberrans assmuthi TRUE TRUE FALSEassmuthi. Crematogaster (Oxygyne) aberrans var. assmuthi Forel, 1913e: 662 (w.q.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster rothneyi civa TRUE TRUE FALSEciva. Crematogaster rothneyi var. civa Forel, 1902c: 203 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 151; in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster aberrans inglebyi TRUE TRUE FALSEinglebyi. Crematogaster (Oxygyne) aberrans var. inglebyi Forel, 1902c: 201 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster sagei laevinota TRUE TRUE FALSElaevinota. Crematogaster sagei var. laevinota Forel, 1902c: 205 (w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 152.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster brunnea nicevillei TRUE TRUE FALSEnicevillei. Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) brunnea var. nicevillei Emery, 1922e: 149 (w.) INDIA. [First available use of Crematogaster subnuda r. rabula var. nicevillei Forel, 1902c: 208; unavailable name.] Currently subspecies of brunnea: Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 4; Santschi, 1928b: 33.
Myrmicinae Crematogastrini Crematogaster brunnea nilgirica TRUE TRUE FALSEnilgirica. Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) brunnea var. nilgirica Emery, 1922e: 149 (w.) INDIA. [First available use of Crematogaster subnuda r. rabula var. nilgirica Forel, 1902c: 208; unavailable name.]
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma assamense TRUE TRUE FALSEassamense. Diacamma tritschleri r. assamensis Forel, in Emery, 1897b: 151 (footnote) (w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Forel, 1900d: 319; Bingham, 1903: 79; Emery, 1911d: 65.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma cyaneiventre TRUE TRUE FALSEcyaneiventre. Diacamma cyaneiventre André, 1887: 293 (w.) INDIA. Subspecies of rugosum: Forel, 1900d: 318. Revived status as species: Bingham, 1903: 78.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma indicum TRUE TRUE FALSEindicum. Diacamma rugosum var. indica Santschi, 1920g: 179 (w.) INDIA. [First available use of Diacamma rugosum r. vagans var. indicum Forel, 1903d: 400; unavailable name.] Junior synonym of vagans: Mukerjee & Ribeiro, 1925: 205. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Doums, 1999: 1958.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma scalpratum TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
scalpratum. Ponera scalprata Smith, F. 1858b: 84, pl. 6, figs. 21, 22 (w.) INDIA. Emery, 1889b: 496 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 610 (l.). Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1862: 718. Senior synonym of compressum: Dalla Torre, 1893: 29; Emery, 1911d: 65. Current subspecies: nominal plus violaceum.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma rugosum sikkimense TRUE TRUE FALSEsikkimense. Diacamma rugosum var. sikkimensis Forel, 1903d: 401 (w.) INDIA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma rugosum sculptum TRUE TRUE FALSEsculptum. Ponera sculpta Jerdon, 1851: 117 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1863: 407. Junior synonym of rugosum: Roger, 1863b: 16; Mayr, 1863: 407; Mayr, 1865: 65; of vagans: Emery, 1887b: 440. Revived from synonymy: Dalla Torre, 1893: 29. Subspecies of rugosum: Emery, 1897b: 156. Revived status as species Bingham, 1903: 80. Subspecies of rugosum: Wheeler, W.M. 1909d: 334. Provisional synonym of jerdoni: Emery, 1911d: 66 [Emery gives jerdoni as the senior name but if the synonymy is correct then sculptum has priority.] Currently subspecies of rugosum: Bolton, 1995b: 170.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma rugosum rothneyi TRUE TRUE FALSErothneyi. Diacamma rugosum var. rothneyi Forel, 1900d: 318 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma rugosum jerdoni TRUE TRUE FALSEjerdoni. Diacamma rugosum var. jerdoni Forel, 1903d: 401 (w.) INDIA. Provisional synonym of sculptum: Emery, 1911d: 66. [Emery gives priority to jerdoni but if the synonymy is correct then sculptum has priority.]
Ponerinae Ponerini Diacamma rugosum doveri TRUE TRUE FALSEdoveri. Diacamma vagans var. doveri Mukerjee, 1934: 3 (w.) INDIA. Currently subspecies of rugosum: Bolton, 1995b: 169.
Myrmicinae Formicoxenini Dilobocondyla bangalorica TRUE TRUE FALSEbangalorica. Dilobocondyla bangalorica Varghese, 2006a: 25, pl.1, figs. 1-8; pl.2 figs. 1-6; pl.3 figs. 1-7 (w.q.m.) INDIA.
Proceratiinae Proceratiini Discothyrea sringerensis TRUE TRUE FALSEsringerensis. Discothyrea sringerensis Zacharias & Rajan, 2004a: 2, fig. 1 (w.) INDIA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus moggridgei TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
moggridgei. Dolichoderus moggridgei Forel, 1886d: 243 (w.) INDIA. Combination in D. (Hypoclinea): Emery, 1894c: 229. Current subspecies: nominal plus bicolor, lugubris.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus sundari TRUE TRUE FALSEsundari. Dolichoderus sundari Tiwari, in Mathew & Tiwari, 2000: 341, figs. 64, 65 (w.) INDIA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus moggridgei lugubris TRUE TRUE FALSElugubris. Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) moggridgei var. lugubris Santschi, 1920h: 169 (w.) INDIA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus taprobanae gracilipes TRUE TRUE FALSEgracilipes. Hypoclinea gracilipes Mayr, 1879: 658 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Dolichoderus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 159; in D. (Hypoclinea): Emery, 1894c: 229. Junior synonym of taprobanae: Forel, 1895e: 466. Revived from synonymy: Bingham, 1903: 296. Currently subspecies of taprobanae: Bingham, 1903: 296; Forel, 1912n: 61; Emery, 1913a: 14; Shattuck, 1994: 68.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus affinis glabripes TRUE TRUE FALSEglabripes Dolichoderus affinis var. glabripes Forel, 1895e: 466 (w.) INDIA.
Dolichoderinae Dolichoderini Dolichoderus moggridgei bicolor TRUE TRUE FALSEbicolor. Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) moggridgei var. bicolor Santschi, 1920h: 169 (w.) INDIA. [Also described as new by Santschi, 1924c: 109.]
Dorylinae Dorylini Dorylus labiatus TRUE TRUE FALSElabiatus. Dorylus labiatus Shuckard, 1840c: 319 (m.) INDIA. Forel, 1901a: 464 (w.). Combination in D. (Typhlopone): Emery, 1895j: 724. Possible junior synonym of juvenculus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 11. Subspecies of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 724. Revived status as species: Forel, 1901a: 464; Bingham, 1903: 2. Senior synonym of hindostanus: Emery, 1895j: 724; of laeviceps: Forel, 1901a: 464. See also: Bingham, 1903: 2; Wilson, 1964a: 440.
Dorylinae Dorylini Dorylus orientalis TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
orientalis. Dorylus orientalis Westwood, 1835: 72 (m.) INDIA. Forel, 1901a: 463 (w.). Combination in D. (Alaopone): Emery, 1895j: 731. Senior synonym of curtisii (and its junior synonym oberthueri): Forel, 1901a: 463; of longicornis: Bingham, 1903: 4; Wilson, 1964a: 442; of fuscus: Wilson, 1964a: 442. Current subspecies: nominal plus obscuriceps.
Dorylinae Dorylini Dorylus orientalis obscuriceps TRUE TRUE FALSEobscuriceps. Dorylus (Alaopone) orientalis var. obscuriceps Santschi, 1920h: 160 (m.) INDIA. [Also described as new by Santschi, 1924c: 97.]
Formicinae Camponotini Echinopla lineata senilis TRUE TRUE FALSEsenilis. Echinopla senilis Mayr, 1862: 690 (w.) INDIA (Nicobar Is). Currently subspecies of lineata: Emery, 1896d: 382.
Ponerinae Ponerini Emeryopone narendrani TRUE TRUE FALSEnarendrani. Emeryopone narendrani Varghese, 2006b: 90, figs. 1-3 (w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica conica FALSE FALSE FALSEconica. Formica conica Fabricius, 1798: 279 (m.) INDIA. Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Formica: Bolton, 1995b: 193. [Dalla Torre, 1893: 183 places this in Lasius, which is certainly incorrect. Forel, 1905b: 161 suggests that it may be the male of Camponotus compressus, but there is little in the original description to confirm this.]
Formicinae Formicini Formica elongata FALSE FALSE FALSEelongata. Formica elongata Fabricius, 1787: 308 (w.) INDIA. Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Formica: Bolton, 1995b: 194.
Formicinae Formicini Formica fatale FALSE FALSE FALSEfatale. Formica fatale Christ, 1791: 515 (w.) INDIA. Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Formica: Bolton, 1995b: 194.[Emery, 1892b: 162, suspected that this may be a termite.]
Formicinae Formicini Formica gravelyi TRUE TRUE FALSEgravelyi. Formica gravelyi Mukerjee, 1930: 162, fig. 6 (w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Formicini Formica indianensis TRUE TRUE FALSEindianensis. Formica indianensis Cole, 1940: 224 (w.m.) U.S.A.
Formicinae Formicini Formica malabarica FALSE FALSE FALSEmalabarica. Formica malabarica Schrank, 1837: 16 (w.) INDIA. Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Formica: Bolton, 1995b: 198.
Formicinae Formicini Formica maxillosa FALSE FALSE FALSEmaxillosa. Formica maxillosa Fabricius, 1775: 396 (w.) INDIA. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of maxillosa De Geer, 1773: 601, above (Bolton, 1995b: 198).] Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Formica: Bolton, 1995b: 198.
Formicinae Formicini Formica phyllophila FALSE FALSE FALSEphyllophila. Formica phyllophila Jerdon, 1851: 125 (w.) INDIA. Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Formica: Bolton, 1995b: 201.
Formicinae Gesomyrmecini Gesomyrmex spatulatus TRUE TRUE FALSEspatulatus. Gesomyrmex spatulatus Cole, 1949: 72, fig. 1 (s.w.) INDIA.
Ectatomminae Ectatommini Gnamptogenys meghalaya TRUE TRUE FALSEmeghalaya. Gnamptogenys meghalaya Lattke, 2004: 125, fig. 28 (w.q.) INDIA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Harpegnathos saltator TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
saltator. Harpegnathos saltator Jerdon, 1851: 117 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Drepanognathus: Smith, F. 1858b: 82; in Harpegnathos: Forel, 1900c: 64; Emery, 1911d: 59. Forel, 1913e: 660 (q.m.). Current subspecies: nominal plus cruentatus, taprobanae. See also: Bingham, 1903: 50.
Ponerinae Ponerini Harpegnathos venator TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
venator. Drepanognathus venator Smith, F. 1858b: 82 (w.) INDIA. Forel, 1900c: 64 (q.m.). Combination in Harpegnathos: Emery, 1889b: 494. Current subspecies: nominal plus chapmani, rugosus. See also: Bingham, 1903: 51.
Ponerinae Ponerini Hypoponera assmuthi TRUE TRUE FALSEassmuthi. Ponera abeillei r. assmuthi Forel, 1905b: 182 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Hypoponera: Bolton, 1995b: 213. Raised to species: Bolton & Fisher, 2011: 24 (in text).
Ponerinae Ponerini Hypoponera confinis wroughtonii TRUE TRUE FALSEwroughtonii. Ponera confinis var. wroughtonii Forel, 1900d: 325 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Combination in Hypoponera: Bolton, 1995b: 217.
Ponerinae Ponerini Hypoponera confinis aitkenii TRUE TRUE FALSEaitkenii. Ponera confinis var. aitkenii Forel, 1900d: 325 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Forel, 1900d: 327 (q.). Combination in Hypoponera: Bolton, 1995b: 213.
Myrmicinae Stenammini Indomyrma dasypyx TRUE TRUE FALSEdasypyx. Indomyrma dasypyx Brown, 1986: 46, figs. 1-21 (w.q.m.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Kartidris nyos TRUE TRUE FALSEnyos. Kartidris nyos Bolton, 1991: 12, figs. 18, 19 (w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius alienoflavus TRUE TRUE FALSEalienoflavus. Lasius alienoflavus Bingham, 1903: 341 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in L. (Cautolasius): Wilson, 1955a: 111. See also: Collingwood, 1982: 290.
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius breviscapus TRUE TRUE FALSEbreviscapus. Lasius (Lasius) breviscapus Seifert, 1992b: 24, fig. 17 (w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius crinitus TRUE TRUE FALSEcrinitus. Formica crinita Smith, F. 1858b: 13 (q.) INDIA. Wilson, 1955a: 188 (w.). Combination in Lasius: Mayr, 1862: 700; in L. (Chthonolasius): Emery, 1925b: 233. Senior synonym of hingstoni: Wilson, 1955a: 187. See also: Bingham, 1903: 339; Collingwood, 1982: 293.
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius himalayanus TRUE TRUE FALSEhimalayanus. Lasius himalayanus Bingham, 1903: 340 (w.) INDIA. [First available use of Lasius niger r. brunneus var. himalayanus Forel, 1894c: 404; unavailable name.] Subspecies of brunneus: Forel, 1906b: 85; Emery, 1925b: 229; Menozzi, 1939a: 313. Junior synonym of brunneus: Wilson, 1955a: 47. Revived from synonymy: Seifert, 1992b: 8 [ostensibly as a subspecies of brunneus, but Seifert states, on the same page, that himalayanus may be a valid species and is treated as such here].
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius mikir TRUE TRUE FALSEmikir. Lasius mikir Collingwood, 1982: 295, figs. 10, 23 (w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Lasiini Lasius ruficornis FALSE FALSE FALSEruficornis. Formica ruficornis Fabricius, 1804: 397 (q.) INDIA. Junior synonym of flavus: Roger, 1862c: 285. Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Lasius: Bolton, 1995b: 225. [Identity of this taxon is unknowable (material lost, description very vague), so Roger's synonymy may stand. Emery's, 1925b: 231, provisional synonymy of ruficornis with nearcticus is certainly incorrect.]
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota annandalei TRUE TRUE FALSEannandalei. Acantholepis annandalei Mukerjee, 1930: 156, fig. 4 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 226.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota fergusoni TRUE TRUE FALSEfergusoni. Acantholepis fergusoni Forel, 1895e: 459 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 227. See also: Bingham, 1903: 319.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota modesta TRUE TRUE FALSEmodesta. Acantholepis modesta Forel, 1894c: 412 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Combination in Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 228.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota opaca TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
opaca. Acantholepis opaca Forel, 1892a: 43 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Combination in Lepisiota: Xu, 1994c: 235. Current subspecies: nominal plus pulchella. See also: Bingham, 1903: 318.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota rothneyi TRUE TRUE FALSE5 subspecies
rothneyi. Plagiolepis rothneyi Forel, 1894c: 415 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Acantholepis (Lepisiota): Santschi, 1926a: 15; in Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 228. Current subspecies: nominal plus splendida, sundaica, taivanae, watsonii, wroughtonii.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota sericea TRUE TRUE FALSEsericea. Acantholepis frauenfeldi var. sericea Forel, 1892a: 41 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Combination in Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 228. Raised to species: Pisarski, 1967: 408.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota rothneyi wroughtonii TRUE TRUE FALSEwroughtonii. Plagiolepis rothneyi r. wroughtonii Forel, 1902d: 292 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 229. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 321. Currently subspecies of rothneyi: Emery, 1925b: 23.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota opaca pulchella TRUE TRUE FALSEpulchella. Acantholepis opaca r. pulchella Forel, 1892a: 43 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Combination in Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 228. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 318. Currently subspecies of opaca: Emery, 1925b: 27.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Lepisiota frauenfeldi integra TRUE TRUE FALSEintegra. Acantholepis frauenfeldi var. integra Forel, 1894c: 411 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Combination in Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995b: 227. Currently ubspecies of frauenfeldi: Forel, 1906b: 86; Santschi, 1917d: 44.
Leptanillinae Leptanillini Leptanilla escheri TRUE TRUE FALSEescheri. Leptomesites escheri Kutter, 1948: 287, figs. 1-4 (w.q.l.) INDIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1965: 31 (l.). Combination in Leptanilla: Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 462.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys assamensis TRUE TRUE FALSEassamensis. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) assamensis Forel, 1900d: 313 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Lobopelta: Bingham, 1903: 70; in Leptogenys (Lobopelta): Emery, 1911d: 102.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys carinata TRUE TRUE FALSEcarinata. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) carinata Donisthorpe, 1943b: 200 (m.) INDIA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys dalyi TRUE TRUE FALSEdalyi. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) dalyi Forel, 1900d: 311 (w.) INDIA. See also: Bingham, 1903: 67.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys dentilobis TRUE TRUE FALSEdentilobis. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) dentilobis Forel, 1900d: 305 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. See also: Bingham, 1903: 58.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys emiliae TRUE TRUE FALSEemiliae. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) emiliae Forel, 1902d: 294 (w.) INDIA. See also: Bingham, 1903: 66.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys iridipennis TRUE TRUE FALSEiridipennis. Ponera iridipennis Smith, F. 1858b: 85 (m.) INDIA. Combination in Leptogenys: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 474.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys jeanettei TRUE TRUE FALSEjeanettei. Leptogenys jeanettei Tiwari, in Mathew & Tiwari, 2000: 280, figs. 25-27 (w.) INDIA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys kitteli TRUE TRUE FALSE5 subspecies
kitteli. Lobopelta kitteli Mayr, 1870b: 966 (w.) INDIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 52 (l.). Combination in Leptogenys: Emery, 1895k: 461. See also: Bingham, 1903: 60. Current subspecies: nominal plus altisquamis, laevis, minor, siemsseni, transiens.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys longiscapa TRUE TRUE FALSElongiscapa. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) longiscapus Donisthorpe, 1943b: 199 (m.) INDIA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys minchinii TRUE TRUE FALSEminchinii. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) minchinii Forel, 1900d: 308 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Forel, 1900d: 314 (m.); Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 5 (k.). See also: Bingham, 1903: 70; Rothney, 1903: 97.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys moelleri TRUE TRUE FALSEmoelleri. Lobopelta moelleri Bingham, 1903: 67 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 104.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys processionalis TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
processionalis. Ponera processionalis Jerdon, 1851: 118 (w.) INDIA. Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 5 (k.). Combination in Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 105. Senior synonym of ocellifera (and its junior synonym andrei): Emery, 1911d: 105. Current subspecies: nominal plus distinguenda.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys punctiventris TRUE TRUE FALSEpunctiventris. Lobopelta punctiventris Mayr, 1879: 666 (w.) INDIA. [Lobopelta punctiventris Smith, F. 1873: viii. Nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.] Combination in Leptogenys: Forel, 1900d: 311. See also: Bingham, 1903: 64.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys roberti TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
roberti. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) roberti Forel, 1900d: 311 (w.) INDIA. Forel, 1913k: 17 (m.). Current subspecies: nominal plus coonoorensis. See also: Bingham, 1903: 68.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys stenocheilos TRUE TRUE FALSEstenocheilos. Ponera stenocheilos Jerdon, 1851: 118 (w.) INDIA. Probable combination in Leptogenys: Emery, 1911d: 106. [Combination probably correct: Bolton, 1995b: 233.]
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys diminuta woodmasoni TRUE TRUE FALSEwoodmasoni. Lobopelta woodmasoni Forel, 1886d: 246 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Leptogenys: Forel, 1900d: 313. Currently subspecies of diminuta: Forel, 1900d: 313; Emery, 1911d: 103. See also: Bingham, 1903: 62.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys diminuta palliseri TRUE TRUE FALSEpalliseri. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) diminuta r. palliseri Forel, 1900d: 307 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Forel, 1900d: 312 (m.). Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 63. Currently subspecies of diminuta: Emery, 1911d: 103; Forel, 1913k: 17; Karavaiev, 1925c: 279.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys kitteli minor TRUE TRUE FALSEminor. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) kitteli var. minor Forel, 1900d: 307 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys diminuta diminutolaeviceps TRUE TRUE FALSEdiminutolaeviceps. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) diminuta var. diminutolaeviceps Forel, 1900d: 312 (w.) INDIA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys diminuta deceptrix TRUE TRUE FALSEdeceptrix. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) diminuta r. deceptrix Forel, 1901h: 46 (w.) INDIA.
Ponerinae Ponerini Leptogenys roberti coonoorensis TRUE TRUE FALSEcoonoorensis. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) roberti r. coonoorensis Forel, 1900d: 306 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 68. Currently subspecies of roberti: Emery, 1911d: 105.
Dolichoderinae Tapinomini Liometopum lindgreeni TRUE TRUE FALSElindgreeni. Liometopum lindgreeni Forel, 1902d: 293 (w.) INDIA. See also: Del Toro, et al. 2009: 317.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Lophomyrmex ambiguus TRUE TRUE FALSEambiguus. Lophomyrmex ambiguus Rigato, 1994a: 52, figs. 14, 15 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Lophomyrmex changlangensis TRUE TRUE FALSEchanglangensis. Lophomyrmex changlangensis Sheela & Ghosh, 2008: 18, figs. 1-3 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Lophomyrmex kali TRUE TRUE FALSEkali. Lophomyrmex kali Rigato, 1994a: 58, figs. 26-28 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Lophomyrmex quadrispinosus TRUE TRUE FALSEquadrispinosus. Oecodoma quadrispinosa Jerdon, 1851: 111 (w.) INDIA. Rigato, 1994a: 59 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1954a: 131 (l.). Combination in Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858b: 174; in Lophomyrmex: Emery, 1892a: 114. Senior synonym of taprobanae: Rigato, 1994a: 59. See also: Bingham, 1903: 195.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Mayriella warchalowskii TRUE TRUE FALSEwarchalowskii. Mayriella warchalowskii Borowiec, 2007b: 774, figs. 1-3 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Meranoplini Meranoplus bellii TRUE TRUE FALSEbellii. Meranoplus bellii Forel, 1902c: 240 (w.) INDIA. Senior synonym of carinatus, flaviventris: Schödl, 1998: 370.
Myrmicinae Meranoplini Meranoplus bicolor TRUE TRUE FALSEbicolor. Cryptocerus bicolor Guérin-Méneville, 1844a: 425 (w.) INDIA. Smith, F. 1875: 34 (q.m.); Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 6 (k.). Combination in Meranoplus: Smith, F. 1853: 224. Senior synonym of dimicans: Bingham, 1903: 168; Donisthorpe, 1932b: 576; of tarda: Emery, 1892b: 166; of villosus: Roger, 1863b: 39; of fuscescens, lucidus: Schödl, 1998: 372.
Myrmicinae Meranoplini Meranoplus levis TRUE TRUE FALSElevis. Meranoplus levis Donisthorpe, 1942d: 455 (w.) INDIA. See also: Schödl, 1998: 381.
Myrmicinae Meranoplini Meranoplus rothneyi TRUE TRUE FALSErothneyi. Meranoplus rothneyi Forel, 1902c: 241 (w.) INDIA. See also: Schödl, 1998: 391.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor himalayanus TRUE TRUE FALSEhimalayanus. Stenamma (Messor) barbarum r. himalayanum Forel, 1902c: 221 (s.w.q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Messor: Bingham, 1903: 279. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 279. Subspecies of barbarus: Forel, 1904d: 175; Viehmeyer, 1914b: 40; Emery, 1922c: 95; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929d: 15. Status as species: Stärcke, 1935: 261; Menozzi, 1939a: 297; Arnol'di, 1977b: 1643.
Myrmicinae Pheidolini Messor instabilis TRUE TRUE FALSEinstabilis. Atta instabilis Smith, F. 1858b: 163 (w.m.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 279 (s.q.). Combination in Messor: Bingham, 1903: 278. Subspecies of capitatus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 101; of barbarus: Bingham, 1903: 278; Forel, 1906b: 86; Emery, 1922c: 94; Emery, 1924a: 8; Karavaiev, 1926b: 100. Status as species: Santschi, 1923f: 325; Santschi, 1927c: 247 (in key); Wheeler, W.M. 1927g: 103; Santschi, 1931a: 4; Santschi, 1936c: 200; Menozzi, 1939a: 297. Senior synonym of punctata: Bingham, 1903: 279; Pisarski, 1970: 306.
Myrmicinae Metaponini Metapone nicobarensis TRUE TRUE FALSEnicobarensis. Metapone nicobarensis Tiwari & Jonathan, 1986b: 150, fig. 1 (w.q.) INDIA (Nicobar Is).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium aberrans TRUE TRUE FALSEaberrans. Monomorium aberrans Forel, 1902c: 209 (w.) INDIA. Combination in M. (Xeromyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 176. See also: Bolton, 1987: 297.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium atomum TRUE TRUE FALSE4 subspecies
atomum. Monomorium atomus Forel, 1902c: 210 (w.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 208 (q.). Combination in M. (Martia): Forel, 1910c: 252. Current subspecies: nominal plus aharonii, cooperi, integrium, procax.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium bidentata FALSE FALSE FALSEbidentata. Myrmica bidentata Smith, F. 1858b: 124 (w.) INDIA. [Bingham, 1903: 212 suggests that this may belong in Solenopsis.] Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Myrmica: Bolton, 1995b: 277. Combination in Monomorium: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001: 238. [Note. Combination in Monomorium is unconvincing; see note under bidentatum Mayr, below.]
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium biroi TRUE TRUE FALSEbiroi. Monomorium biroi Forel, 1907a: 19 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium criniceps TRUE TRUE FALSEcriniceps. Holcomyrmex criniceps Mayr, 1879: 672 (w.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 282 (s.). Radchenko, 1997f: 218 (q.m.). Combination in Monomorium: Emery, 1922e: 181. Senior synonym of niger, ruber: Radchenko, 1997f: 218.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium destructor TRUE TRUE FALSEdestructor. Atta destructor Jerdon, 1851: 105 (w.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 209 (q.m.). Combination in Monomorium: Dalla Torre, 1893: 66; in M. (Parholcomyrmex): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 874. Senior synonym of ominosa (and its junior synonym atomaria): Dalla Torre, 1893: 66; of basalis: Forel, 1894b: 86; of vexator: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 468; of gracillima: Bolton, 1987: 324. See also: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1382; Bolton, 1987: 324; Heterick, 2006: 96.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium dichroum TRUE TRUE FALSEdichroum. Monomorium dichroum Forel, 1902c: 212 (w.q.) INDIA. Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 7 (k.).
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium floricola TRUE TRUE FALSEfloricola. Atta floricola Jerdon, 1851: 107 (w.) INDIA. Forel, 1893g: 388 (q.m.); Wheeler, W.M. 1905b: 88 (q.m.); Donisthorpe, 1914: 136 (gynandromorph); Crawley, 1920d: 217 (gynandromorph); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955c: 121 (l.). Combination in Monomorium: Mayr, 1879: 671. Senior synonym of poecilum: Emery, 1894c: 151; of specularis: Mayr, 1879: 671; of cinnabari: Wheeler, W.M. 1913b: 486; of floreanum: Brown, in Linsley & Usinger, 1966: 175; of angusticlava, impressum: Bolton, 1987: 390; of furina, philippinensis: Heterick, 2006: 122. See also: Solis, Fox, Kato, et al. 2010: 15.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium glabrum TRUE TRUE FALSEglabrum. Holcomyrmex glaber André, 1883b: 345 (footnote) (w.) INDIA. Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 8 (k.). Combination in Monomorium: Emery, 1922e: 181. Senior synonym of clarus, glabrocriniceps: Radchenko, 1997f: 221.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium indicum TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
indicum. Monomorium salomonis r. indicum Forel, 1902c: 213 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 7 (k.). Combination in M. (Xeromyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 178. Subspecies of salomonis: Forel, 1907a: 18; Santschi, 1936a: 49. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 205; Collingwood, 1961a: 61; Bolton, 1987: 292. Current subspecies: nominal plus kusnezowi.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium kempi TRUE TRUE FALSEkempi. Monomorium (Parholcomyrmex) kempi Mukerjee, 1930: 154, fig. 2 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium longi TRUE TRUE FALSElongi. Monomorium longi Forel, 1902c: 211 (w.) INDIA. Combination in M. (Xeromyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 177.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium luisae TRUE TRUE FALSEluisae. Monomorium luisae Forel, 1904c: 25 (w.q.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium mayri TRUE TRUE FALSEmayri. Monomorium gracillimum var. mayri Forel, 1902c: 209 (w.) INDIA. Wheeler, W.M. 1923b: 3 (m.). Combination in M. (Parholcomyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 180. Subspecies of destructor: Forel, 1911a: 24; Viehmeyer, 1916a: 132. Raised to species and senior synonym of karawajewi: Bolton, 1987: 326.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium orientale TRUE TRUE FALSEorientale. Monomorium orientale Mayr, 1879: 670 (w.) INDIA. Emery, 1908h: 685 (q.); Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 7 (k.). Combination in M. (Mitara): Santschi, 1915a: 58; in M. (Lampromyrmex): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 876. See also: Brown, 1958h: 36.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium rugifrons TRUE TRUE FALSErugifrons. Myrmica rugifrons Smith, F. 1858b: 124 (q.) INDIA. Combination in Monomorium: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001: 238; Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 668.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium sagei TRUE TRUE FALSEsagei. Monomorium sagei Forel, 1902c: 211 (w.) INDIA. Combination in M. (Xeromyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 177.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium scabriceps TRUE TRUE FALSEscabriceps. Holcomyrmex scabriceps Mayr, 1879: 672 (w.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 283 (s.q.m.); Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 7 (k.). Senior synonym of crinicipitoscabriceps: Radchenko, 1997f: 221.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium schurri TRUE TRUE FALSEschurri. Monomorium schurri Forel, 1902c: 212 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in M. (Xeromyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 178.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium wroughtoni TRUE TRUE FALSEwroughtoni. Monomorium wroughtoni Forel, 1902c: 209 (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Monomorium atomum integrium TRUE TRUE FALSEintegrium. Monomorium atomus var. integrius Forel, 1902c: 210 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in M. (Lampromyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 183.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Myrmecina pilicornis TRUE TRUE FALSEpilicornis. Myrmecina pilicornis Smith, F. 1858b: 133 (m.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Myrmecina urbanii TRUE TRUE FALSEurbanii. Myrmecina urbanii Tiwari, 1994: 152, fig. 1 a-d (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Myrmecinini Myrmecina vidyae TRUE TRUE FALSEvidyae. Myrmecina vidyae Tiwari, 1994: 155, fig. 1 e-g (w.) INDIA.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica breviceps FALSE FALSE FALSEbreviceps. Myrmica breviceps Smith, F. 1878b: 12 (q.) INDIA. Unidentifiable taxon, incertae sedis in Myrmica: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 238. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 658.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica cachmiriensis TRUE TRUE FALSEcachmiriensis. Myrmica smythiesii r. cachmiriensis Forel, 1904c: 23 (w.) INDIA. Menozzi, 1939a: 292 (m.). Raised to species: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 251. Senior synonym of lutescens: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 251. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 107.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica caeca FALSE FALSE FALSEcaeca. Myrmica caeca Jerdon, 1851: 116 (w.) INDIA. Unidentifiable to genus; incertae sedis in Myrmica: Bolton, 1995b: 278; incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 664.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica cursor FALSE FALSE FALSEcursor. Myrmica cursor Smith, F. 1878b: 11 (q.) INDIA. Unidentifiable taxon, incertae sedis in Myrmica: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 238. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 659.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica ereptrix TRUE TRUE FALSEereptrix. Myrmica ereptrix Bolton, 1988a: 2, figs. 1, 5 (q.) INDIA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2003a: 236; Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 130.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica fortior TRUE TRUE FALSEfortior. Myrmica smythiesii var. fortior Forel, 1904c: 22 (w.) INDIA. Radchenko & Elmes, 2002: 39 (q.m.). Raised to species: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 254. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 136.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica hecate TRUE TRUE FALSEhecate. Myrmica smythiesi subsp. hecate Weber, 1947: 461 (w.) INDIA. Radchenko & Elmes, 2002: 42 (q.m.). Raised to species: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 250. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 144.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica indica TRUE TRUE FALSEindica. Myrmica ritae subsp. indica Weber, 1950b: 221 (w.) INDIA. Radchenko & Elmes, 1998: 11 (q.m.). Raised to species: Radchenko, 1994a: 44. See also: Elmes & Radchenko, 2009: 117; Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 152.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica inezae TRUE TRUE FALSEinezae. Myrmica inezae Forel, 1902c: 226 (w.) INDIA. Radchenko & Elmes, 2002: 37 (q.). See also: Bingham, 1903: 268; Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 153.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica luctuosa FALSE FALSE FALSEluctuosa. Myrmica luctuosa Smith, F. 1878b: 12 (m.) INDIA. Unidentifiable taxon, incertae sedis in Myrmica: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 238. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 661.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica nitida TRUE TRUE FALSEnitida. Myrmica nitida Radchenko & Elmes, 1999a: 35, fig. 3 (1-10) (w.q.m.) INDIA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 205.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica ordinaria TRUE TRUE FALSEordinaria. Myrmica ordinaria Radchenko & Elmes, 1999a: 41, fig. 4 (11-16) (w.q.) INDIA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 209.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica petita TRUE TRUE FALSEpetita. Myrmica petita Radchenko & Elmes, 1999a: 45, fig. 5 (11-15) (q.) INDIA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 215.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica rhytida TRUE TRUE FALSErhytida. Myrmica rhytida Radchenko & Elmes, 1999a: 41, fig. 5 (1-10) (w.q.m.) INDIA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 224.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica rugosa TRUE TRUE FALSErugosa. Myrmica rugosa Mayr, 1865: 19 (footnote) (w.) HIMALAYA (India?). Radchenko & Elmes, 2002: 41 (q.m.). See also: Bingham, 1903: 268; Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 242.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica rupestris TRUE TRUE FALSErupestris. Myrmica smythiesii var. rupestris Forel, 1902c: 227 (w.) INDIA. Radchenko & Elmes, 2002: 44 (q.m.). Raised to species and senior synonym of debilior (and its junior synonym rugososmythiesi), everesti : Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 245. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 246.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica smythiesii TRUE TRUE FALSEsmythiesii. Myrmica smythiesii Forel, 1902c: 226 (w.) INDIA. Radchenko & Elmes, 2002: 37 (q.). Senior synonym of himalayana: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 253. See also: Bingham, 1903: 269; Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 282.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica urbanii TRUE TRUE FALSEurbanii. Myrmica urbanii Radchenko & Elmes, 1998: 16, fig. 4 (1-5) (w.) INDIA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 314.
Myrmicinae Myrmicini Myrmica williamsi TRUE TRUE FALSEwilliamsi. Myrmica williamsi Radchenko & Elmes, 1999a: 34, fig. 2 (5-8) (w.) INDIA. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 325.
Myrmicinae Myrmicariini Myrmicaria brunnea TRUE TRUE FALSE2 subspecies
brunnea. Myrmicaria brunnea Saunders, W.W. 1842: 57, pl. 5, fig. 2 (m.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 118 (w.q.); Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 6 (k.). See also: Forel, 1903a: 708; Karavaiev, 1935a: 80. Current subspecies: nominal plus flava, subcarinata.
Myrmicinae Myrmicariini Myrmicaria fodica TRUE TRUE FALSEfodica. Myrmica fodicus Jerdon, 1851: 115 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in Myrmicaria: Emery, 1892b: 166 (and spelling emended to fodiens; maintained as such by subsequent authors: unjustified emendation). Junior synonym of carinata: Emery, 1892b: 166. Revived from synonymy and senior synonym of crinita: Emery, 1893e: 219. Junior synonym of brunnea: Forel, 1903a: 708; Bingham, 1903: 118. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of brunnea: Santschi, 1925c: 176. Revived status as species: Stitz, 1925: 118.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras brachygnathum TRUE TRUE FALSEbrachygnathum. Myrmoteras (Myrmoteras) brachygnathum Moffett, 1985b: 26, figs. 19, 22 (w.q.) INDIA.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras indicum TRUE TRUE FALSEindicum. Myrmoteras (Myagroteras) indicum Moffett, 1985b: 37, figs. 4, 7-10, 27, 30 (w.q.m.) INDIA.
Formicinae Myrmoteratini Myrmoteras scabrum TRUE TRUE FALSEscabrum. Myrmoteras (Myrmoteras) scabrum Moffett, 1985b: 30, figs. 21, 24 (w.) INDIA.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia aseta TRUE TRUE FALSEaseta. Prenolepis aseta Forel, 1902d: 292 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Emery, 1914f: 422; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia assimilis TRUE TRUE FALSEassimilis. Formica assimilis Jerdon, 1851: 125 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Prenolepis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 177; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 219; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia indica TRUE TRUE FALSEindica. Prenolepis indica Forel, 1894c: 409, fig. 4 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 9 (k.). Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia smythiesii TRUE TRUE FALSEsmythiesii. Prenolepis smythiesii Forel, 1894c: 410, fig. 5 (q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127.
Formicinae Plagiolepidini Nylanderia taylori TRUE TRUE FALSE1 subspecies
taylori. Prenolepis taylori Forel, 1894c: 410, fig. 2 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Pr. (Nylanderia): Forel, 1913d: 438; in Paratrechina (Nylanderia): Emery, 1925b: 220; in Nylanderia: LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck, 2010a: 127. Current subspecies: nominal plus levis.
Formicinae Oecophyllini Oec