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Southern Mexico to Costa Rica, possibly Panama. The distribution appears to abruptly end in northern Costa Rica, with no records from southern Costa Rica in spite of abundant sampling. Collections from a site in Darien, Panama are tentatively identified as P. rectispina but have not been sequenced.
COI records on BOLD show a clade of seven clusters: 1 from Chiapas, 1 from central Honduras, 1 from north coastal Honduras, 1 from SE Honduras and NE Nicaragua, 1 from south central Nicaragua, 1 from NW Costa Rica, and 1 from eastern Costa Rica. There are no known morphological correlates of these clusters, and there are no known cases of sympatry.
Pheidole rectispinaHNS new species
Types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard.
etymology L rectispinaHNS, upright spine.
diagnosis Similar in various traits to bilimekiHNS, floridanaHNS, hazenaeHNS, rectilumaHNS, rectisentisHNS, rectitrudis, sospesHNS, and stomachosaHNS, differing as follows.
Major: propodeal spine half as long as propodeal basal face and perpendicular to it; humeri low and subangulate; mesonotal convexity present; postpetiole from above elliptical, with angulate lateral margins; all of dorsal surface of head except occipital lobes, frontal triangle, and midclypeus carinulate; all of mesosoma and most of head and waist foveolate and opaque; anterior fringe of first gastral tergite shagreened.
Minor: propodeal spine half as long as the propodeal face and vertical on it; postpetiolar node somewhat depressed; occiput broad, its margin concave; all of head and mesosoma foveolate and opaque, no rugoreticulum and almost no carinulae.
Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 1.00, HL 1.14, SL 0.56, EL 0.14, PW 0.50.
Paratype minor: HW 0.44, HL 0.50, SL 0.46, EL 0.08, PW 0.30.
Color Major: dark, even blackish brown.
Minor: body medium brown, appendages yellowish brown.
Range Atlantic slope of Costa Rica from lowlands to montane forest (Longino 1997); and Belize (Hummingbird Gap, near Stann; Stewart Peck).
biology Occurs on the floor of primary rainforest.
figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. COSTA RICA: La Selva Biological Station, near Puerto Viejo, Heredia (E. O. Wilson). Scale bars = 1 mm.
Found most commonly in these habitats: 210 times found in cloud forest, 90 times found in montane wet forest, 57 times found in mature wet forest, 64 times found in tropical rainforest, 28 times found in tropical wet forest, 23 times found in 2º lowland tropical rainforest, 16 times found in montane rainforest, 16 times found in ridgetop cloud forest, 13 times found in lowland rainforest, 7 times found in 2º wet forest, ...
Found most commonly in these microhabitats: 401 times ex sifted leaf litter, 138 times at bait, 47 times Hojarasca, 9 times ex sifted litter from forest floor, 6 times sifted litter, 1 times nest in soil, 1 times nest in rotten stem, 2 times Primary forest, 1 times ex sifted litter, 1 times nest in duff, 1 times A lo largo quebrada derrumbe., ...
Collected most commonly using these methods: 305 times miniWinkler, 133 times baiting, 77 times MaxiWinkler, 43 times Winkler, 43 times Mini Winkler, 20 times Berlese, 6 times bait, 3 times search, 3 times Lure/Bait, 1 times Search & Berles, 2 times Pitfall, ...
Elevations: collected from 15 - 1685 meters, 851 meters average
Type specimens: paratype Pheidole rectispina: jtlc000016509
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