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Genus: Crematogaster   Lund, 1831 

Classification:

Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2016)

Extant: 508 species, 279 subspecies

Fossil: 2 species

[Notes. (i) The original spelling Crematogaster is used throughout, the incorrect subsequent spelling Cremastogaster is ignored; see catalogue of genus-group names. (ii) The spurious paper by Soulié & Dicko, 1965 PDF: 85, is ignored. This publication merely repeats, inaccurately, the Wheeler, 1922: 828 catalogue of Afrotopical Crematogaster, but treats the subgenera as genera; see catalogue of genus-group names.]
Crematogaster Lund, 1831a PDF: 132 . Type-species: Formica scutellaris, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903 PDF: 124. AntCat AntWiki HOL

Taxonomic history

[Type-species not Formica acuta, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1912d PDF: 272; this error repeated in, for example, Emery, 1914b PDF: 39, Arnold, 1920a PDF: 482, Emery, 1922c PDF: 128, Gallardo, 1934b PDF: 4, Soulié, 1965 PDF: 78.].
[Cremastogaster Mayr, 1861 PDF: 74 (and many later authors), incorrect subsequent spelling. Discussions of spelling: Emery, 1912d PDF: 272 (footnote); Wheeler, 1913a PDF: 78; Donisthorpe, 1941f PDF: 36; Buren, 1959 PDF: 125.].
Crematogaster in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, 1858a PDF: 134.
Crematogaster in Myrmicidae: Smith, F. 1971a: 329; Cresson, 1887 PDF: 262.
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855 PDF: 468 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, 1857a PDF: 75 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861 PDF: 74 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865 PDF: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF}: 79.
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877b PDF: 81 [Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae].
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae, Crematogastrini: Forel, 1893b PDF: 164; Forel, 1895b PDF: 130; Emery, 1895l PDF: 769; Forel, 1899B: 81; Ashmead, 1905c PDF: 383; Wheeler, 1910a: 140; Emery, 1914e: 41; Forel, 1917 PDF: 242; Arnold, 1920a PDF: 482; Emery, 1922c PDF: 127; Wheeler, 1922: 661; all subsequent authors.
Genus Crematogaster references:
Forel, 1901j PDF: 334 (Subgeneric classification); Forel, 1910a PDF: 6 (Subgeneric classification); Forel, 1911f PDF: 331 (Subgeneric classification); Forel, 1912g PDF: 211 (Subgeneric classification); Forel, 1913l PDF: 1 (Subgeneric classification); Santschi, 1918d PDF: 182 (Subgeneric classification); Santschi, 1928b PDF: 31 (Subgeneric classification); Creighton, 1950a PDF: 1 (Nearctic species revision, key); Buren, 1959 PDF: 91 (Nearctic species revision, key); Brown, 1973b PDF: 161 (Subgeneric classification critique); Ogata, 1991b PDF: 124 (Japan male diagnosis); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2008 PDF: 1 (Indochinese Physocrema revision, key to species); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009A PDF: 15 (Asian Physocrema revision, key to species); Longino, 2003A PDF: 1 (Costa Rica species key); Blaimer, 2010 PDF: 1 (Malagasy Decacrema); Blaimer, 2012 PDF: 23 (Malagasy Orthrocrema); Blaimer, 2012 PDF: 240 (Malagasy Oxygyne); Blaimer, 2012 PDF: 46 (Subgeneric revision, subgenera key); Blaimer, 2012 PDF: 421 (Global phylogeny, biogeography); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2012 PDF: 18 (Asian brevis complex revision, key to species); Blaimer & Fisher, 2013 PDF (Malagasy region subgenera and species-group key; degeeri-assemblage species revision, diagnosis, key); Salata & Borowiec, 2015 PDF: 75 (north-eastern Mediterranean Basin species key); Hosoishi, 2015 PDF (Asian ranavalonae-group species revision, diagnosis, key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2014 PDF: 61 (Crematogaster fraxatrix-group species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2015 PDF: 7 (Crematogaster popohana-group key); Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016 10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949 PDF: 651: (Crematogaster borneensis-group revision, key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016 10.1111/zoj.12330 PDF: 547: (Crematogaster (Orthocrema)-group revision, key)

Taxon Page Images:



Alarm posture in a Crematogaster emeryana acrobat ant, gaster held high and sting extruded. Crematogaster ants do not actually use their stinger to sting; rather, the organ is instead employed as a brush to broadcast volatile chemical signals to nestmates and to smear defensive chemicals on attackers. Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, USA.
Image © Alex Wild.

Distribution:


Afrotropical Region: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Australasia Region: Australia, Barrow Island, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
Indomalaya Region: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Himachal Pradesh, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Krakatau Islands, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Punjab, Sikkim, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tamil Nadu, Thailand, Uttarakhand, Vietnam, West Bengal
Malagasy Region: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles
Nearctic Region: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Canada, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin
Neotropical Region: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Galapagos Islands, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mato Grosso, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela
Oceania Region: Guam, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands
Palearctic Region: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Balearic Islands, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Macaronesia, Macedonia, Malta, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, North Korea, Oman, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Western Sahara, Yemen

Biology:


Notes:

Visit the Crematogaster of MADAGASCAR page.

References:

For the most recent Nearctic revision of Crematogaster, see: Buren, W. F. 1959. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 66: 119-134. (Online at http://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/manage_lit.list_pubs?author=Buren)

Taxonomic Treatment (provided by Plazi)

Scientific Name Status Publication Pages ModsID GoogleMaps
Crematogaster   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 33, (download) 33 21367
Crematogaster   Longino, J. T., 2003, The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica., Zootaxa 151, pp. 1-150: 22-25, (download) 22-25 20256
Crematogaster   Longino, J. T., 2003, The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica., Zootaxa 151, pp. 1-150: 130, (download) 130 20256
Crematogaster   Wild, A. L., 2007, A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 1622, pp. 1-55: 33, (download) 33 21367
Crematogaster   Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London: British Museum: 134-135, (download) 134-135 8127
Crematogaster   Longino, J. T., 2003, The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica., Zootaxa 151, pp. 1-150: 18-20, (download) 18-20 20256
Crematogaster   Longino, J. T., 2003, The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica., Zootaxa 151, pp. 1-150: 130, (download) 130 20256
Crematogaster   Mohamed, S., Zalat, S. & Fadl, H., 2001, Taxonomy of ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) collected by pitfall traps from Sinai and Delta region, Egypt., Egyptian Journal of Natural History 3, pp. 40-61: 50, (download) 50 21622
Crematogaster   Longino, J. T., 2003, The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica., Zootaxa 151, pp. 1-150: 3, (download) 3 20256
Crematogaster   Ward, P. S., 2005, A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa 936, pp. 1-68: 32, (download) 32 21008
Crematogaster   Longino, J. T., 2003, The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica., Zootaxa 151, pp. 1-150: 25-29, (download) 25-29 20256
Crematogaster   Longino, J. T., 2003, The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica., Zootaxa 151, pp. 1-150: 4-7, (download) 4-7 20256
Crematogaster   Wheeler, W. M., 1922, The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition., Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45, pp. 39-269: 150-151, (download) 150-151 20597
Crematogaster   Collingwood, C. A., 1979, The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark., Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8, pp. 1-174: 66, (download) 66 6175


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