Global: Bolton World Catalog > Myrmicinae > Pyramica

Genus: Pyramica

Taxonomic Hierarchy:

Subfamily: Myrmicinae Genus: Pyramica

Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2010)

Pyramica Roger, 1862a: 251. Type-species: Pyramica gundlachi, by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

Pyramica in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Emery, 1924d: 320; all subsequent authors.

Pyramica as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Bingham, 1903: 147; Emery, 1924d: 320; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 723; Brown & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, 1960b: 37; Kempf, 1972a: 242; Bolton, 1983: 358; Bolton, 1994: 105; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.

Pyramica as subgenus of Strumigenys: Brown, 1948e: 110.

Pyramica as genus: Mayr, 1863: 453; Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90.

Junior synonyms of PYRAMICA

Epitritus Emery, 1869a: 136. Type-species: Epitritus argiolus, by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

Epitritus in Myrmicidae, Cryptoceridae: Emery, 1877a: 81.

Epitritus in Myrmicinae: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 465 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 148.

Epitritus in Cryptoceridae, Dacetonini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384.

Epitritus in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1892d: 344; Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1895j: 770; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 141; Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Arnold, 1917: 384; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 666; Emery, 1924d: 326; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 643; Brown, 1948e: 122; Brown, 1949b: 44; all subsequent authors.

Epitritus as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.

Epitritus as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90.

Trichoscapa Emery, 1869b: 24 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Trichoscapa) membranifera, by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

Trichoscapa in Myrmicinae: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145.

Trichoscapa in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 323; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734; Brown, 1948e: 112; all subsequent authors.

Trichoscapa as subgenus of Strumigenys: Emery & Forel, 1879a: 464; Forel, 1917: 246; Creighton, 1950a: 304.

Trichoscapa as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 13; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.

Trichoscapa as junior synonym of Cephaloxys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 323; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 734.

Trichoscapa as genus: Brown, 1948e: 112; Kempf, 1972a: 255; Bolton, 1983: 319.

Trichoscapa as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90.

Pentastruma Forel, 1912a: 50. Type-species: Pentastruma sauteri, by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

Pentastruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Emery, 1914a: 42; Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 666; Emery, 1924d: 326; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 682; Brown, 1948e: 102.

Pentastruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.

Pentastruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Glamyromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 487. Type-species: Glamyromyrmex beebei, by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

Glamyromyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 491; Forel, 1917: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 667; Emery, 1924d: 326; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 647; Brown, 1948e: 116; all subsequent authors.

Glamyromyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.

Glamyromyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Codiomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 326. Type-species: Codiomyrmex thaxteri, by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

Codiomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 667; Emery, 1924d: 325; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633; Brown, 1948e: 114; all subsequent authors.

Codiomyrmex as subgenus of Strumigenys: Emery, 1924d: 325; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633.

Codiomyrmex as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 326; Brown, 1948e: 114.

Codiomyrmex as junior synonym of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].

Codiomyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.

Codiomyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Tingimyrmex Mann, 1926: 104 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Tingimyrmex) mirabilis, by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

Tingimyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1943g: 732; Brown, 1948e: 111; all subsequent authors.

Tingimyrmex as subgenus of Strumigenys: Mann, 1926: 104; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 732.

Tingimyrmex as genus: Brown, 1948e: 111; Kempf, 1972a: 250.

Tingimyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.

Tingimyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Codioxenus Santschi, 1931c: 278 [as subgenus of Epitritus]. Type-species: Epitritus (Codioxenus) simulans, by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

Codioxenus in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 633; Brown, 1948e: 123; all subsequent authors.

Codioxenus as genus: Brown, 1948e: 123.

Codioxenus as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.

Codioxenus as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Smithistruma Brown, 1948e: 104.

Taxonomic history

[Replacement name for Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1865: 76; junior homonym of Cephaloxys Signoret, 1847: 294 (Hemiptera). Type-species not Strumigenys pulchella, unjustified subsequent designation by Brown, 1948e: 104, repeated in Kempf, 1972a: 230, Bolton, 1983: 274 and Bolton, 1995b: 46.]

Smithistruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 104.

Smithistruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.

Smithistruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Homonym replaced by Smithistruma

Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1865: 76. Type-species: Cephaloxys capitata, by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

[Cephaloxys Smith, F. junior homonym of Cephaloxys Signoret, 1847: 294 (Hemiptera).]

Cephaloxys in Cryptoceridae: Smith, F. 1871a: 335.

Cephaloxys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668.

Cephaloxys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Dalla Torre, 1893: 15.

Cephaloxys as subgenus of Strumigenys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 323; Bernard, 1953b: 254 (anachronism).

Weberistruma Brown, 1948e: 106 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) leptothrix, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Weberistruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 106.

Weberistruma as genus: Brown, 1949d: 7; Brown, 1953g: 24.

Weberistruma as junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.

Weberistruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Weberistruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.

Wessonistruma Brown, 1948e: 106 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys pergandei, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Wessonistruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 106.

Wessonistruma junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.

Wessonistruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Wessonistruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.

Serrastruma Brown, 1948e: 107 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys simoni, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Serrastruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 107, and all subsequent authors.

Serrastruma as genus: Brown, 1949d: 6; Brown, 1952e: 70; Bolton, 1983: 335; Bolton, 1994: 105.

Serrastruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.

Serrastruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Neostruma Brown, 1948e: 111. Type-species: Strumigenys crassicornis, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Neostruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 111; all subsequent authors.

Neostruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.

Neostruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Dorisidris Brown, 1948e: 116. Type-species: Strumigenys (Codiomyrmex) nitens, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Dorisidris in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 116; all subsequent authors.

Dorisidris as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.

Dorisidris as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Miccostruma Brown, 1948e: 123. Type-species: Epitritus mandibularis, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Miccostruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1948e: 123.

Miccostruma as junior synonym of Smithistruma: Bolton, 1983: 274.

Miccostruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Miccostruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.

Kyidris Brown, 1949d: 3. Type-species: Kyidris mutica, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Kyidris in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1949d: 3.

Kyidris as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.

Kyidris as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Chelystruma Brown, 1950a: 33 [as subgenus of Glamyromyrmex]. Type-species: Glamyromyrmex (Chelystruma) lilloana, by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

Chelystruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1950a: 33; all subsequent authors.

Chelystruma as subgenus of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1953g: 16.

Chelystruma as genus: Kempf, 1959d: 338; Kempf, 1972a: 77.

Chelystruma as junior synonym of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional].

Chelystruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.

Chelystruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Polyhomoa Azuma, 1950: 36. Type-species: Polyhomoa itoi (junior synonym of Kyidris mutica), by monotypy.

Taxonomic history

Polyhomoa as junior synonym of Kyidris: Creighton, 1950b: 93; Brown & Yasumatsu, 1951: 93.

Polyhomoa as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Polyhomoa as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.

Borgmeierita Brown, 1953g: 23. Type-species: Codiomyrmex excisus, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Borgmeierita in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1953g: 23.

Borgmeierita as junior synonym of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1973a: 35.

Borgmeierita as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Borgmeierita as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.

Platystruma Brown, 1953g: 112 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) depressiceps, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Platystruma in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1953g: 112; all subsequent authors.

Platystruma as junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.

Platystruma as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Platystruma as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.

Gymnomyrmex Borgmeier, 1954b: 279. Type-species: Gymnomyrmex splendens, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Gymnomyrmex in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Borgmeier, 1954b: 279; all subsequent authors.

Gymnomyrmex as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.

Gymnomyrmex as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Dysedrognathus Taylor, 1968d: 132. Type-species: Dysedrognathus extemenus, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Dysedrognathus in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Taylor, 1968d: 132.

Dysedrognathus as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 13; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.

Dysedrognathus as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Asketogenys Brown, 1972: 23. Type-species: Asketogenys acubecca, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Asketogenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1972: 23.

Asketogenys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.

Asketogenys as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Cladarogenys Brown, 1976b: 33. Type-species: Cladarogenys lasia, by original designation.

Taxonomic history

Cladarogenys in Myrmicinae, Dacetini: Brown, 1976b: 33.

Cladarogenys as junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.

Cladarogenys as junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.

Genus Pyramica references

Mayr, 1863: 453 (catalogue); Andr?, 1883b: 398, 402 (Europe & Algeria Strumigenys (Trichoscapa), Epitritus species); Dalla Torre, 1893: 145, 148 (Strumigenys, Epitritus catalogues); Emery, 1895c: 325 (North America species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 146 (New World species key); Santschi, 1913b: 257 (Afrotropical species key); Emery, 1916b: 205 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1917: 373 (South Africa species key); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 918, 920 (Afrotropical Strumigenys (Cephaloxys), Epitritus catalogues); Emery, 1924d: 323, 325, 326 (Strumigenys (Cephaloxys), Strumigenys (Codiomyrmex), Glamyromyrmex, Pentastruma, Epitritus diagnoses, catalogues); Smith, M.R. 1931c: 691 (North America Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) species key); Buren, 1944a: 290 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Brown, 1948e: 112 - 124 (minor genera reviews); Brown, 1949b: 43 (Epitritus diagnosis, review); Brown, 1949d: 8 (Weberistruma species, review); Brown, 1949d: 21 (Japan, China & Taiwan species key); Creighton, 1950a: 301 (North America Strumigenys (Trichoscapa) species key); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 104, 105, 106 (Asia Epitritus, Kyidris, Pentastruma, Smithistruma, Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) checklists); Brown, 1950a: 27 (Glamyromyrmex review); Brown, 1952e: 86 (Serrastruma diagnosis, species revision, key); Brown, 1953g: 20, 24 (Codiomyrmex, Weberistruma reviews); Brown, 1953g: 31, 46, 92, 114, 125, 130 (Smithistruma diagnosis, Nearctic, Neotropical, Malesian, Afrotropical, Palaearctic species revisions, keys); Wilson & Brown, 1956b: 439 (Kyidris species review); Brown, 1959b: 1 (Neostruma species review); Kempf, 1959d: 339 (Gymnomyrmex species key); Brown, 1960b: 37 (Strumigenys gundlachi group revision, key); Kempf, 1960f: 447 (Neotropical Glamyromyrmex species key); Kempf, 1960f: 451 (Gymnomyrmex species key); Brown, 1962b: 79 (Epitritus species key); Brown, 1964a: 183 (supplement to 1953e Smithistruma revision); Bernard, 1967: 243, 245 (Smithistruma, Epitritus diagnoses); Kempf, 1972a: 37, 77, 98, 110, 116, 163, 230, 250, 255 (Neotropical Borgmeierita, Chelystruma, Codiomyrmex, Codioxenus, Dorisidris, Glamyromyrmex, Gymnomyrmex, Neostruma, Smithistruma, Tingimyrmex, Trichoscapa catalogues); Bolton, 1972: 208 (Epitritus species key); Alayo, 1974: 19 (Cuba species key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1405, 1408 (North America Smithistruma, Trichoscapa catalogues); Taylor, 1987a: 28 (Australia checklist); Brown & Boisvert, 1979: 201 (Pentastruma species review); Bolton, 1983: 274, 319, 320, 335, 353, 354 (Afrotropical Smithistruma, Trichoscapa, Glamyromyrmex, Serrastruma, Cladarogenys, Epitritus species revisions, keys); Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 64 (Australia Glamyromyrmex catalogue); Perrault, 1986a: 3 (Gymnomyrmex species key); Ward, 1988: 122 (Western Nearctic Smithistruma species key); Terayama & Kubota, 1989: 787 (Taiwan Smithistruma species key); H?lldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15 (synoptic classification); Brand?o, 1991: 344, 346, 360, 378 (Neotropical catalogue); Arakelian & Dlussky, 1991: 150 (former U.S.S.R. species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 68 (Japan Smithistruma species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1992: 76 (Japan Epitritus species key); Bolton, 1994: 105 (synoptic classification); Bolton, 1995a: 1048 - 1053 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 75, 145, 146, 177, 183, 188, 207, 211, 219, 292, 316, 382, 383, 420, 421 (catalogue); Terayama, Lin & Wu, 1996: 328 (Taiwan Smithistruma species key); Ogata & Onoyama, 1998: 277 (Japan Smithistruma species key); Shattuck, 1999: 136, 170 (Australia Glamyromyrmex, Trichoscapa synopses); Bolton, 1999: 1657, 1667 (morphology, diagnosis, review of genus, phylogeny); Xu, 2000e: 297 (China Epitritus species key); Bolton, 2000: 95, 137, 272, 285, 342, 372, 472 (Nearctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical, West Palaearctic, Malagasy, Malesian-Oriental-East Palaearctic, Austral species revisions, keys); Xu & Zhou, 2004: 441 (China species, key); Longino, 2006b: 139 (Costa Rica species, additions to key); Terayama, 2009: 138 (Taiwan species key).