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Genus: Proceratium

Name Status: Valid Name

Taxonomic Hierarchy:

Subfamily: Proceratiinae Genus: Proceratium

Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2013)

Extant: 79 species

Fossil: 5 species

Proceratium Roger, 1863a PDF: 171 Type-species: Proceratium silaceum, by monotypy. AntCat AntWiki

Taxonomic history

Proceratium in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1865: 12 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 18.

Proceratium in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Forel, 1895b PDF: 111.

Proceratium in Dorylinae, Proceratiini: Emery, 1895l PDF: 765.

Proceratium in Ponerinae, Ectatommini: Brown, 1958g: 241; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 211; Smith, 1979: 1338; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10; Bolton, 1994: 164.

Proceratium in Ponerinae, Proceratiini: Ashmead, 1905c PDF: 382; Wheeler, 1910a PDF: 136; Emery, 1911e PDF: 50; Forel, 1917 PDF: 236; Wheeler, 1922: 645; Wheeler & Wheeler, 1985b PDF: 256; Jaffe, 1993: 8; Lattke, 1994 PDF: 112.

Proceratium in Proceratiinae, Proceratiini: Bolton, 2003 PDF: 49, 179.

Genus Proceratium references

Roger, 1863b PDF: 16, 21 (catalogue); Mayr, 1863a PDF: 451, 455 (catalogue); Mayr, 1865: 12 (Sysphingta, Proceratium diagnoses); Cresson, 1887: 258 (U.S.A. catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 18 (catalogue); Emery, 1911e PDF: 50 (diagnosis, catalogue); Emery, 1911e PDF: 50 (Sysphingta diagnosis, catalogue); Arnold, 1915: 34 (Sysphingta diagnosis); Emery, 1916a PDF: 103 (Italy species key); Wheeler, 1922: 761 (Afrotropical catalogue); Kratochvíl, Novák & Snoflák, 1944 PDF: 58, 88 (West Palaearctic species key); Creighton, 1950a PDF: 39, 41 (North America Proceratium, Sysphingta species keys); Chapman & Capco, 1951 PDF: 77 (Asia Proceratium, Sysphingta checklists); Brown, 1958g: 241 (review of genus); Bernard, 1967a PDF: 81 (diagnosis); Snelling, 1967 PDF: 8 (New World species key); Kempf, 1972b PDF: 211 (Neotropical catalogue); Brown, 1974a: 81 (species notes); Baroni Urbani, 1977d PDF: 91 (European species, synopsis); Smith, 1979: 1338 (North America catalogue); Brown, 1980b: 342 (New World species key); Terron, 1981 PDF: 102 (Afrotropical species notes); Taylor & Brown, 1985: 39 (Australia catalogue); Taylor, 1987a PDF: 65 (Australia checklist); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b PDF: 264 (Balkans species key); Ward, 1988 PDF: 116 (New World species key); Morisita, Kubota, et al. 1989: 14 (Japan species key); Brandão, 1991 PDF: 373 (Neotropical catalogue); Lattke, 1994 PDF: 113 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1995a PDF: 1052 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 366 (catalogue); Shattuck, 1999: 203 (Australia synopsis); Xu, 2000C PDF: 434 (China species key); Onoyama & Yoshimura, 2002 PDF: 31 (Japan species key); Bolton, 2003 PDF: 179 (synopsis); Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003A PDF: 40 (diagnosis, all species revision, keys; Palaearctic species key: 445; Indomalayan species key: 447; Oceanean species key: 449; Afrotropical species key: 451; Nearctic and Neotropical species key: 452; world species key: 456); Xu, 2006 PDF: 153 (China species key); Sosa-Calvo & Longino, 2008 PDF: 228 (Neotropical species key); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2009: 13 (Malagasy males diagnosis); Terayama, 2009 PDF: 97 (Taiwan species key).

Genus Proceratium references

Biology:

Proceratium species are mostly hypogeic (subterranean) ants, apparently specialized as predators on eggs of spiders and other arthropods.

Identification:

Worker: eyes very small or absent; mandible multidentate and not overhung by clypeus; antennal sockets largely exposed in full-face (frontal) view of head; pronotum fused to mesonotum; abdominal tergite 4 strongly arched and recurved ventrally, the corresponding sternite very reduced in size.

Notes:

A single species of Proceratium has been recorded from California.

References:

Baroni Urbani (1977d); Brown (1958g, 1958j, 1974a, 1980c); Lattke (1991b); Onoyama & Yoshimura (2002); Snelling (1967); Snelling & Cover (1992); Ward (1988); Xu (2000c).